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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isomeric Graft Copolymers and Interpenetrating Polymer Networks. Theory and Experiment (1976)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 9 (1976), S. 743-749 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma60053a011
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous Interpenetrating Networks Based on Castor Oil Elastomers and Polystyrene. 2. Synthesis and Systems Characteristics (1979)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 12 (1979), S. 360-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma60069a002
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sliding plate rheometry of planar oriented concentrated fiber suspension (1997)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 36 (1997), S. 397-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Key words Composites ; concentrated fiber suspensions ; sliding plate rheometer ; non-hydrodynamic interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The rheology of concentrated planar fiber suspensions is investigated. A new experimental technique for fiber suspensions based on a sliding plate rheometer incorporating a shear stress transducer is developed. It is shown that this instrument works well for the tested material systems. The rheological behavior in steady shear is subsequently investigated. The results can be largely explained by a combination of frictional and hydrodynamic interaction. Despite this evidence of friction no yield stress could be detected for the investigated shear rates. It was also found that the fiber aspect ratio did not influence the steady shear viscosity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396326
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Castor-oil-based interpenetrating polymer networks: Synthesis and characterization (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 1531-1541 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Castor oil was polymerized and crosslinked with sulfur or diisocyanates to form the vulcanized and urethane derivatives, respectively. Both types were swollen with a plastic-forming monomer plus crosslinker, and a second polymerization was carried out in situ. Polyblends were also made by emulsion polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate employing hydrolyzed castor oil as the soap. In all three polymerizations, a wide range of compositions was obtained. The resulting interpenetrating polymer networks were characterized using electron microscopy, modulus-temperature measurements, and stress-strain analysis. The polystyrene phase size of the castor oil-urethane/polystyrene IPN was shown to decrease with increased crosslinking of the castor oil component and with increased polystyrene contents. The modulus-temperature study showed two distinct glass transitions in all cases, with evidence of significant mixing of the two components in many cases. The stress-strain results show that some of the IPN's behave as reinforced, highly extensible elastomers at low polystyrene levels, and a rubber-toughened plastics at high levels of polystyrene or crosslinking.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1977.070210609
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reticulated versus crenelated surfaces on macroporous polystyrene-divinylbenzene membranes (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 591-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Reticulated polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PSt-DVB) copolymer membranes or thin sheets were prepared using two different methods. The first method employed a nonsolvating diluent which dissolves the monomer but precipitates the polymer. This resulted in skinned membranes with the skin being nonporous, being either crenelated or smooth. The second method used paraffin wax as the inert phase. The wax was precipitated by cooling, followed by polymerization of the styrene. The wax was then solvent extracted. This resulted in a reticulated structure both on the surface and in the interior of the membrane. The resulting products from the two methods were compared using scanning electron microscopy. The objective of this study was to prepare a skinless, macroporous, crosslinked polystyrene, as polymer I for the preparation of novel interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) materials.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260218
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of molecular weight on fatigue crack propagation in nylon 66 and polyacetal (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1707-1717 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of molecular weight on fatigue and fracture behavior in nylon 66 (N66) and polyacetal (PA) is examined. Fatigue crack propagation (FCP) resistance and apparent fracture toughness (Kcf) in these two semicrystalline polymers increase with increasing molecular weight in a manner consistent with that reported for another semicrystalline polymer (HDPE) as well as for several amorphous polymers. The improved FCP resistance with increasing molecular weight is attributed to the development of a molecular entanglement network that more effectively resists cyclic-load-induced breakdown. A type of discontinous crack growth is identified in PA at 100Hz and in N66 (2.6% H2O) at 50 Hz and compared with that observed in amorphous polymers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270527
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-property relationships in rubber-toughened epoxies (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 1466-1476 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Epoxies toughened with two reactive liquid rubbers, an epoxy-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile rubber (ETBN) and an amino-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile rubber (ATBN), were prepared and studied in terms of their structure property relationships. A two-phase structure was formed, consisting of spherical rubber particles dispersed in an epoxy matrix. A broad distribution of rubber particles was observed in all the materials with most of the particles ranging in size from 1 to 4 μm, but some particles exceeding 20 μm were also found. Impact strength, plane strain fracture toughness (KIC), and fracture energy (GIC) were increased, while Young's modulus and yield strength decreased slightly with increasing rubber content and volume fraction of the dispersed phase. Both GIC and KIC were found to increase with increasing apparent molecular weight between crosslinks and decreasing yield strength. The increased size of the plastic zone at the crack tip associated with decreasing yield strength could be the cause of the increased toughness. An ATBN-toughened system containing the greatest amount of epoxy sub-inclusion in the rubbery phase demonstrated the best fracture toughness in this series. In the present systems, rubber-enhanced shear deformation of the matrix is considered to be the major toughening mechanism. Curing conditions and the miscibility between the liquid rubber and the epoxy resin determine the phase morphology of the resulting two-phase systems. Kerner's equation successfully describes the modulus dependence on volume fraction for the two-phase epoxy materials.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760292008
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue crack propagation of rubber-toughened epoxiesThis paper is dedicated to the Memory of Dr. Jhon A. Manson, A Pioneer in the Field of Polymer Science and Engineering. (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 1477-1487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Epoxies containing epoxy-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile rubber (ETBN) or amino-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile rubber (ATBN) were prepared and studied in terms of fatigue crack propagation (FCP) resistance and toughening mechanisms. Rubber incorporation improves both impact and FCP resistance, but results in slightly lower Young's modulus and Tg As Tg increases, the degree of toughening decreases. Rubber-induced shear yielding of the epoxy matrix is believed to be the dominant toughening mechanism. Decreasing fatigue resistance with increasing cyclic frequency is observed for both neat and rubber-toughened epoxies. This result may be explained by the inability of these materials to undergo possible beneficial effects of hysteretic heating. FCP resistance is linearly proportional to Mc1/2, where Mc is the apparent molecular weight between crosslinks determined on the rubber-toughened material. FCP resistance also increases with increasing static fracture toughness KIC. ATBN-toughened epoxies demonstrated better fatigue resistance than ETBN-toughened systems.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760292009
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adhesion of silicon oxide layers on poly(ethylene terephthalate). I: Effect of substrate properties on coating's fragmentation process (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 1449-1461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: adhesion ; oxide coating ; fragmentation test ; molecular orientation ; substrate temperature ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Fragmentation tests in the uniaxial mode were performed on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films coated with a 100 nm thin silicon oxide layer. The coating's fragmentation process was analyzed in light of the mechanical behavior of the polymer substrate. It was shown that, upon unloading samples strained to less than 4% nominal strain, strain recovery leads to the closure of coating cracks. The usual fragmentation diagram, which shows the crack density (CD) versus applied strain, was used to identify the various energy dissipation mechanisms controlling the fragmentation process. An alternative presentation of CD versus true stress provided accurate measurements of both fragmentation and saturation onsets. The interfacial strength was modeled from the CD at saturation according to the Kelly-Tyson approach, including a Weibull distribution of the coating strength. The prediction was compared to the substrate shear stress at saturation. Effects of substrate yield, temperature, and molecular orientation are discussed. It was shown that the coating deposition by evaporation on the PET substrate did not induce structural changes at the polymer interface, whereas heat treatments increased the polymer crystallinity in the interfacial zone, resulting in higher interfacial strength. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 1449-1461, 1997
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interplay of rubber network theory with the damping behavior of crosslinked polyurethanes (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 27 (1989), S. 2251-2268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Network formation (branching) theory was used to examine the relationships between network structure and concomitant sound and vibration damping. For a series of model polyether-based polyurethane networks with varying stoichiometry and composition, the glass transition temperature Tg, was found to increase with increasing concentration of elastically active network chains, EANCs, as well as the ratio of branch OH group concentration to the total OH group concentration ρ. The values of (tan δ)max, the peak height of tan δ at Tg, linearly decrease with increasing concentration of EANCs, regardless of the ρ values. However, the loss area (LA), equal to the integral of the linear loss modulus-temperature curve, is independent of the concentration of EANCs and/or ρ. Utilizing group contribution analysis techniques, the value of the main chain -O- group contribution, LA-O-, is 19.1 GPa·K/g, a rather large value. This finding gives insight into why polyether urethanes are preferred for many damping applications.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1989.090271108
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