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  • Articles  (22)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (22)
  • Springer  (21)
  • Annual Reviews  (1)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • 1995-1999  (22)
  • Biology  (22)
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  • Articles  (22)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SILICON (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 50 (1999), S. 641-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-2519
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Silicon is present in plants in amounts equivalent to those of such macronutrient elements as calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, and in grasses often at higher levels than any other inorganic constituent. Yet except for certain algae, including prominently the diatoms, and the Equisetaceae (horsetails or scouring rushes), it is not considered an essential element for plants. As a result it is routinely omitted from formulations of culture solutions and considered a nonentity in much of plant physiological research. But silicon-deprived plants grown in conventional nutrient solutions to which silicon has not been added are in many ways experimental artifacts. They are often structurally weaker than silicon-replete plants, abnormal in growth, development, viability, and reproduction, more susceptible to such abiotic stresses as metal toxicities, and easier prey to disease organisms and to herbivores ranging from phytophagous insects to mammals. Many of these same conditions afflict plants in silicon-poor soils-and there are such. Taken together, the evidence is overwhelming that silicon should be included among the elements having a major bearing on plant life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.50.1.641
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytokine Production and Bone Mineral Density at the Lumbar Spine and Femoral Neck in Premenopausal Women (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 466-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Cytokines — Bone mineral density — Premenopausal — Interleukin-1 — Interleukin-6 — Tumor necrosis factor.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) can influence both bone resorption and bone formation. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and bone mineral density (BMD); the annual rate of change in BMD was examined. Subjects participating in a randomized clinical trial entitled the Women's Healthy Lifestyle Project in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania were used. They included 50 healthy premenopausal women, aged 45–52 years, who had regular menses within the past 3 months and were not on replacement estrogens. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements at the AP lumbar spine and femoral neck were made at baseline and at the first annual exam using a Hologic QDR 2000 densitometer. Cytokine production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α by PBMC was measured at the annual exam. The median values for stimulated cytokine production by PBMC were 3.92 ng/ml, 31.3 ng/ml, and 1.05 ng/ml, for IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, respectively. There were modest correlations between cytokine production and cross-sectional BMD, ranging from r =−0.30 to r =−0.13. Trends of greater spinal bone loss were observed in women with ``high'' (≥75th percentile) cytokine production of stimulated IL-1β and IL-6 (IL-1β: ``high'' =−1.56% ± 0.70 versus ``low'' (〈75th percentile) =−0.56% ± 0.35, P= 0.21). In contrast, greater annual gains in femoral neck BMD were observed in those with high cytokine production of IL-1β and IL-6 (IL-1β: high = 3.39% ± 1.16 versus low =−0.85 ± 0.58, P= 0.002). There was no association between stimulated TNF production and annual change in BMD. In this population of healthy premenopausal women, the relationship between cytokine production by PBMC and the rate of change in BMD was significantly different for the lumbar spine and femoral neck, possibly reflecting differences in the proportion of trabecular and cortical bone at these sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900559
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implementation of a small-scale “no-use zone” policy in a reef ecosystem: Eilat’s reef-lagoon six years later (1999)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 18 (1999), S. 327-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Keywords: Key words Coral Breakage ; Conservation ; Marine Protected Area ; Partial Mortality ; Reef Management ; Stylophora pistillata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  A small-scale, “no-use zone policy” has been implemented since 1992 at Eilat’s Coral Nature Reserve (Northern Red Sea). Six years later, the status of this closed-to-the-public reef area was compared to two nearby open-to-the-public sites, by evaluating populations of the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata in the strolling zone (0.5–1.5 m depth). Results from the open sites show that: (1) Live coral cover was three times lower than at the closed site; (2) numbers of small colonies (recruits) were significantly higher than in the closed site, while numbers of medium and large size colonies (geometric mean radius, r¯〉4.1 cm) per m2 were significantly lower; (3) maximum r¯ was almost half than that in the closed site (9.6 cm versus 16.7 cm); (4) average number of broken colonies was three times higher than in the closed site; (5) significantly fewer colonies were partially dead. The latter result may reflect senescence processes in the large colonies of the closed site. Although colony breakage is reduced, it appears that the “no-use zone” policy is not sufficient for protecting small reef areas. The intense exploitation of Eilat’s coral reef by the tourist industry requires’ in addition to the conventional protective measures, the initiation of novel management solutions such as reef restoration by sexual and asexual recruits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003380050207
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on “Cyclosporin does not affect the absolute rate of cortical bone resportion at the organ level in the growing rat” (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 588-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298596
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new rapid and reproducible homologous immunoradiometric assay for amino-terminal parathyroid hormone in the rat (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 83-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Immunoradiometric assay ; Parathyroid hormone ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measurement of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the rat is most often performed with competitive ligand radioimmunoassays (RIA) utilizing heterologous antibodies. We report here the validation of a newly developed homologous immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for rat PTH. Two different goat antibodies to the amino-terminal sequence of rat PTH are utilized; one is immobilized onto plastic beads to capture the PTH molecules and the other is radiolabeled for detection. To test this new IRMA, 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three treatment groups to receive by intraperitoneal injection: (1) saline 1 ml/kg (control); (2) calcium chloride 40 mg/kg (hypercalcemic); and (3) EDTA 300 mg/kg (hypocalcemic). Blood samples were taken at 0, 30, 60, 180, and 300 minutes after administration of the assigned treatment for measurement of ionized calcium (Ca2+) and serum PTH. Most of the variance in PTH levels was found to be due to changes in Ca2+ (r2=0.780, P〈0.0001). There was also a close temporal relationship between the two, with the highest levels of PTH occurring at the same measured time points as the lowest Ca2+, and vice versa. The measured detection limit of the IRMA was 3 pg/ml with intra-and interassay coefficients of variation of 1.74% and 3.07%, respectively. Serial dilutions with pooled rat serum, synthetic rat PTH-(1–34), and synthetic human PTH-(1–34) showed good parallelism with increased specificity for the pooled and synthetic PTH, despite a degree of crossreactivity with hPTH. The assay is able to quantitate rapid changes in PTH, providing all the advantages of IRMA methodology including technical simplicity and speed of performance, and is likely to become a useful tool in investigations of bone, mineral, and renal homeostasis using the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298749
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amylin increases bone volume but cannot ameliorate diabetic osteopenia (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 54-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; Amylin ; Osteoporosis ; Bone mineral metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Amylin is normally secreted in a regulated fashion by the pancreatic β-cells in parallel with insulin and has been reported to have bone-conserving properties. Type I diabetes mellitus results in a low-turnover osteopenia in the presence of decreased amylin, which is in contrast to type II diabetes where less bone loss, in the presence of high amylin levels, occurs. We investigated the effects of amylin on bone mineral metabolism in normal and dibetic (streptozotocin-induced) rats, in order to ascertain whether amylin would modify the streptozotocin-induced diabetic osteopenia. Tenweek-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized as follows: group A (n=18) received normal saline; group B (n=18) received amylin; group C, diabetic rats (n=23), received normal saline; and group D, diabetic rats (n=23), received amylin. Amylin (100 pmol/100 g b. w.) was administered by a daily subcutaneus injection. Double calceinlabeled tibiae were removed for histomorphometric analysis followed sacrifice on day 19. Results showed no difference in blood ionized calcium between groups. Blood glucose remained above 600 mg/dl in the diabetic animals and was not affected by the administration of amylin. Serum osteocalcin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] were significantly lower in the diabetic rats compared with control group A by day 19. Amylin produced higher levels of serum osteocalcin in group B on day 9 (P〈0.05) compared with controls but returned to control values (group A) by day 19; no such change occurred in the diabetic group. Amylin administration did not influence IGF-1, 1,25(OH)2D or PTH levels compared with the untreated animals. Analysis of the bone histomorphometry showed a low-turnover osteopenia in the diabetic animals. Amylin administration resulted in a significant increase in bone volume in the normal rats, group B (P〈0.05), but was unable to significantly alter this parameter in the diabetic animals. In conclusion, amylin has a beneficial effect on the bone metabolism of the rat in vivo by increasing bone volume. It is, however, unable to overcome the osteopenia caused by streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at the doses used in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298745
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rabbit RAG-2 UTRs: characterization of an unusually large 3′ untranslated region (1997)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 46 (1997), S. 267-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We previously characterized the rabbit recombination activating gene-2 (RAG-2) coding region and a portion of the cDNA. Rabbit RAG-2 mRNA, however, was shown to be approximately twice as large as the predominant form expressed in other vertebrate species, suggesting that it contained additional coding and/or untranslated regions (UTR). In this report, we map and sequence the complete 5′ and 3′ UTRs of the rabbit RAG-2 transcript and identify and sequence the genomic regions from which they are transcribed. The data show that, with the exception of a 300 nucleotide 5′ UTR, almost all of the additional sequence belongs to the 3′ UTR and that the 3′ UTR sequence is transcribed from a single large exon that encodes most of the coding region and all of the 3′ UTR. The 3′ UTR contains four poly A signal sites, the last of which is closely followed by a GU-rich region. The rabbit 3′ UTR has a high level of identity with the homologous region downstream of the human RAG-2 gene but not with the mouse RAG-2 gene. The region of identity extends several hundred nucleotides beyond the transcribed region and terminates in a series of dinucleotide (TG) repeats. The data are discussed in terms of RAG gene and 3′ UTR function, regulation, and evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050272
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indole glucosinolate and auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. glucosinolate mutants and the development of clubroot disease (1999)
    Springer
    Planta 208 (1999), S. 409-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words:Arabidopsis ; Auxin ; Clubroot disease ; Glucosinolate ; Plasmodiophora
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Mutants and wild type plants of Arabidopsis thaliana were analysed for differences in glucosinolate accumulation patterns, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis and phenotype. A previously identified series of mutants, termed TU, with altered glucosinolate patterns was used in this study. Only the line TU8 was affected in shoot phenotype (shorter stems, altered branching pattern). Synthesis of IAA and metabolism were not much affected in the TU8 mutant during seedling development, although the content of free IAA peaked earlier in TU8 during plant development than in the wild type. Indole glucosinolates and IAA may, however, be involved in the development of clubroot disease caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Plasmodiophora brassicae since the TU3 line had a lower infection rate than the wild type, and lines TU3 and TU8 showed decreased symptom development. The decline in clubroot formation was accompanied by a reduced number of fungal structures within the root cortex and slower development of the fungus. Indole glucosinolates were lower in infected roots of TU3 and TU8 than in control roots of these lines, whereas in wild-type plants the differences were not as prominent. Free IAA and indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) were increased in infected roots of the wild type and mutants with normal clubroot symptoms, whereas they were reduced in infected roots of mutants TU3 and TU8. These results indicate a role for indole glucosinolates and IAN/IAA in relation to symptom development in clubroot disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050576
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial Food Webs in Marine Sediments. I. Trophic Interactions and Grazing Rates in Two Tidal Flat Communities (1997)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 34 (1997), S. 188-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The role of grazing by marine sediment flagellates, ciliates, and meiobenthic animals in controlling production of their bacterial and diatom prey was investigated. Several novel or modified techniques were used to enumerate prey (bacteria and diatoms), measure bacterial production, quantify proto- and micrometazoan predators, and evaluate rates of bacterivory and herbivory. The results indicated that, in a temperate, marine intertidal flat composed of fine sand, colorless nanoflagellates, ciliates, and nematodes were the most important bacterivores. Together, these organisms were responsible for removing up to 53% of bacterial production, by grazing. The observed rates of bacterivory were high enough to hypothesize that periods of grazing control of bacterial production might occur regularly in similar habitats. Colorless microflagellates, ciliates, and nematodes had high rates of diatom consumption. The combined small diatom consumption rate was equivalent to 132% of diatom standing stock per day. Trophic interactions between diatoms and micro- and meiobenthos might be a factor limiting growth of small (around 10 μm) diatoms. In coarse sands of an open beach, all micrograzers except pigmented nanoflagellates were rare, whereas bacterial and diatom assemblages were rather abundant and active. In this type of sediment, the micrograzers were able to consume only a marginal percentage of bacterial production (〈1%) and diatom standing stock (3.8%), thus playing a minor role in controlling the dynamics of their prey.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002489900048
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel mutations in an otherwise strictly conserved domain of CuZn superoxide dismutase (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 168 (1997), S. 191-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: superoxide dismutase ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; mutation ; zinc binding ; allele ; exon III
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract All mutations in the human gene for CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) reported to date are associated with the disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These mutations, mostly of a familial nature (ALS 1, MIM 105400), span all of the coding region of this enzyme except for a highly conserved centrally located domain that includes all of exon III. We describe the identification and characterization of two mutations in this region, both found in mice. One mutation, a glutamate to lysine amino acid substitution was found in position 77 (E77K) of the strain SOD1/Ei distributed by the Jackson Laboratory. The other mutation, a lysine to glutamate substitution at position 70 (K70E) of a human transgene, was discovered in mouse line TgHS/SF-155. Enzyme activity measurements and heterodimer analysis of the CuZn SOD variant in SOD1/Ei suggest a mild loss of activity, which differs from the enzyme activity losses detected in patients with autosomal dominant ALS 1. Similarly, the presence of the mutant transgene in TgHS/SF 155 does not produce any phenotypic manifestations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006871524623
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