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  • Articles  (76)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (76)
  • 2005-2009  (10)
  • 2000-2004  (66)
  • Biology  (60)
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (25)
  • Information Science and Librarianship  (1)
  • Mathematics  (1)
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  • Articles  (76)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 16 (2000), S. 191-220 
    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Early development of the vertebrate skeleton depends on genes that pattern the distribution and proliferation of cells from cranial neural crest, sclerotomes, and lateral plate mesoderm into mesenchymal condensations at sites of future skeletal elements. Within these condensations, cells differentiate to chondrocytes or osteoblasts and form cartilages and bones under the control of various transcription factors. In most of the skeleton, organogenesis results in cartilage models of future bones; in these models cartilage is replaced by bone by the process of endochondral ossification. Lastly, through a controlled process of bone growth and remodeling the final skeleton is shaped and molded. Significant and exciting insights into all aspects of vertebrate skeletal development have been obtained through molecular and genetic studies of animal models and humans with inherited disorders of skeletal morphogenesis, organogenesis, and growth.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Genetics 38 (2004), S. 233-271 
    ISSN: 0066-4197
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The process of homologous recombination promotes error-free repair of double-strand breaks and is essential for meiosis. Central to the process of homologous recombination are the RAD52 group genes (RAD50, RAD51, RAD52, RAD54, RDH54/TID1, RAD55, RAD57, RAD59, MRE11, and XRS2), most of which were identified by their requirement for the repair of ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Rad52 group proteins are highly conserved among eukaryotes. Recent studies showing defects in homologous recombination and double-strand break repair in several human cancer-prone syndromes have emphasized the importance of this repair pathway in maintaining genome integrity. Herein, we review recent genetic, biochemical, and structural analyses of the genes and proteins involved in recombination.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 240 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The degU (lmo2515) gene encodes a putative response regulator in the food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. It has 63% amino acid identity to the DegU response regulator of Bacillus subtilis. We have characterized the degU gene product in L. monocytogenes EGD by generation of a deletion mutant. The ΔdegU mutant was found to be non-motile in motility plate assay and no flagellin was detected. The mutant was attenuated in challenge of mice. Northern blot analysis suggested that the degU gene product is a transcriptional activator of the flagellin gene, flaA, at 25 °C. However, the degU gene product had no influence on the transcription of prfA encoding the major virulence regulator, PrfA. The results indicate that the putative DegU response regulator is a pleiotropic regulator involved in expression of both motility at low temperature and in vivo virulence in mice.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 236 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Using fluorescence spectroscopy we detected long trains of macroscopic oscillations in the glycolytic pathway, in whole cell suspensions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, without addition of cyanide. Such oscillations may be induced if argon or another inert gas is bubbled through the yeast cell suspension. This supports that the synchronizing agent is a volatile compound secreted by the yeast cells, e.g. CO2 and/or acetaldehyde. Our results show that the rate of acetaldehyde removal is not a crucial parameter to the synchronization of the yeast cells. The sample cell was connected to a membrane inlet mass spectrometer (MIMS) for online determination of extracellular non-polar compounds. Oscillations in the secretion of CO2 were detected using the MIMS.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 6677-6686 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The potential-energy curves for the X 1Σg+, a 1Πg, a′ 1Σu−, w 1Δu, c3 1Πu, and b 1Πu states of N2 have been investigated in full configuration interaction (FCI) and coupled-cluster response calculations. The equilibrium bond lengths, adiabatic excitation energies, and harmonic frequencies have been obtained with the coupled-cluster singles model (CCS), an approximate coupled-cluster singles and doubles model (CC2), the coupled-cluster singles and doubles model (CCSD), and an approximate coupled-cluster singles, doubles, and triples model (CC3), and subsequently compared to FCI results. The weak and strong features of the coupled-cluster models are discussed and illustrated. Overall, improvements towards FCI are obtained in the hierarchy CCS–CC2–CCSD–CC3. CC3 is always consistently better than CCSD, and for all the considered spectroscopic constants CC3 provides excellent results. Examples where the CC3 model fails are also given. The noniterative triples model, CCSDR(3), is compared to the iterative triples models CC3 and FCI. CCSDR(3) recovers the major part of the CC3 correlation contribution and is thus a cheap alternative to the CC3 model. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 8908-8917 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A reformulation of general time-dependent Hartree–Fock and Kohn–Sham response theories that refers strictly to the atomic-orbital basis is presented. It is based on a recently proposed exponential parametrization of the one-electron atomic-orbital density matrix. In the presented formulation, only matrix multiplications and additions of sparse matrices are needed to compute the response functions and linear scaling with system size may, therefore, be obtained. Thus, this formalism is well suited to the computation of dynamic and static properties for large molecules at the Hartree–Fock and Kohn–Sham density-functional levels of theory. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 7140-7148 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A general coupled cluster method that allows arbitrary excitations from a single reference-determinant is proposed and tested. The method is based on a generalization of the formalism of spin-strings and provides a unified method for the storage and manipulation of coupled cluster operators. An initial implementation of the method is discussed and used to study the convergence of the coupled cluster hierarchy for H2O and CH2 at equilibrium geometry, employing up to eightfold excitations. The energy and wave function contributions of the various excitation levels are examined. The dissociation curve of HF is also studied. Using single and double excitations from a minimal active space, the coupled cluster dissociation curve for HF shows a largest deviation from full configuration interaction curve of 1.3 mEh, which decreases by an order of magnitude up on the addition of triple excitations out of the active space. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 50 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. We investigated the effects of a flood on the fauna and physical habitat of the hyporheic zone of the Kye Burn, a fourth order gravel-bed stream in New Zealand.2. Freeze core hyporheic samples (to 50 cm depth) and benthic samples (to 10 cm) were taken, along with measurements of vertical hydrological gradient, before, 2 days after and 1 month after the flood (estimated return period: 1.5 years, estimated Qmax = 10.4 m3 s−1).3. The composition of the hyporheos differed over the three sampling occasions with fewer taxa collected immediately postflood than preflood. The equitability of the community was higher on both postflood occasions, consistent with the reduced densities of two abundant taxa (Leptophlebiidae and Copepoda).4. Total invertebrate abundance was lower on the postflood occasions than preflood in both benthic (0–10 cm) and hyporheic (10–50 cm) sediments. Several taxa, including asellotan isopods and amphipods, recovered within 1 month of the event. Hyporheic densities of larval Hydora and nematodes did not differ among the three sampling occasions, but the water mite Pseudotryssaturus was more abundant 1 month after the flood than preflood. There was no evidence of vertical movements (to 50 cm) by any taxa in response to the flood.5. The proportion of fine sediments (〈1 mm) in the subsurface sediments (10–50 cm) increased over the three sampling occasions and median particle size declined, but sediment porosity did not change. More particulate organic matter was found in the sediments after the flood.6. Our study provides little evidence that the hyporheic zone (to 50 cm) acted as a significant refuge during the flood event, although movements to or recolonisation from sediments deeper than 50 cm could explain the recovery of many crustacean and mite taxa within 1 month.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 48 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. We studied the relative contributions of the magnitude and direction of vertical hydrological exchange, subsurface sediment composition and interstitial physicochemistry in determining the distribution of hyporheic invertebrates in the Kye Burn, a fourth order gravel-bed stream in New Zealand.2. In winter 2000 and summer 2001, we measured vertical hydrological gradient (VHG), dissolved oxygen, water temperature and water chemistry using mini-piezometers, each installed in a different upwelling or downwelling zone. Next to every piezometer, a freeze core sample was taken to quantify the sediment, particulate organic matter and invertebrates.3. Dissolved oxygen concentration at 25 cm was high on both occasions (〉9 mg L−1) but was higher in winter than summer. Interstitial water temperature was higher in down than upwellings and was substantially higher in summer than winter. Other features of the subsurface sediments and interstitial nitrate–nitrite concentrations were similar on both occasions and in up and downwellings. Interstitial ammonium and soluble reactive phosphorous concentrations were higher in winter than summer and ammonium was higher in up than downwelling areas.4. The proportion of fine sediment (63 μm–1 mm), sediment heterogeneity and VHG accounted for the greatest proportion of variance in invertebrate distributions in both summer and winter.5. The hyporheos was numerically dominated by early instar leptophlebiid mayfly nymphs and asellotan isopods. Water mites were a taxonomically diverse group with 13 genera. Taxonomic diversity (Shannon–Weaver), but not taxon richness, was higher in upwelling areas, reflecting lower numerical dominance by a few taxa in these locations.6. Sediment composition (particularly the amount of fine sediments) and vertical hydrological exchange determined the composition and distribution of the hyporheos. Patchiness in these factors is important in planning sampling regimes or field manipulations in the hyporheic zone.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Application experiments have suggested that short-day-induced cessation of elongation growth in trees is caused by photoperiodic regulation of the conversion of gibberellin GA19 to GA20. In the present study we examined further the photoperiodic control of GA metabolism in trees with focus on the conversion of GA19 in Salix pentandra, hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides) and silver birch (Betula pendula) using [17,17-2H2]-GA19 or unlabelled GAs in application studies. GA20 and GA1 were able to restore growth also in hybrid aspen and silver birch under short days (SD), whereas GA19 had no or only a very small activity. Contrary to hybrid aspen and S. pentandra, the activity of GA20 in silver birch was significantly lower than that of GA1. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed a smaller turnover of [2H2]-GA19 in SD than in long days (LD) in hybrid aspen. No such difference in turnover of [2H2]-GA19 was observed in photoperiod-insensitive hybrid aspen overexpressing PHYA. Application of unlabelled GAs to seedlings of S. pentandra, hybrid aspen and silver birch under SD followed by quantification of metabolites by GC-MS analysis, showed that applied GA19 was not readily converted to GA20 and GA1. Although the sensitivity to GAs is also known to decrease under SD, the present data are in favour of a photoperiodic regulation of the metabolism of GA19in vivo in the woody species S. pentandra, hybrid aspen and silver birch. The data might also suggest that silver birch differs from S. pentandra and hybrid aspen by exhibiting a possible photoperiodic control also of the conversion of GA20 to GA1.
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