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  • Articles  (3)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (3)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (3)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo evaluation of a high-strength, high-ductility stainless steel for use in surgical implants (1979)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 13 (1979), S. 543-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A high-strength, high-ductility, austenitic stainless steel has been evaluated for use in surgical implants by performing in vivo tests in rats, rabbits, dogs, and rhesus monkeys. This stainless steel, a TRIP (TRansformation Induced Plasticity) steel containing about 4% Mo, was compared with two alloys in current clinical use: Type 316L stainless steel and cast Vitallium. Compared with the other two alloys, cast Vitallium generally had higher resistance to corrosion and superior biocompatibility in all animals. The tests in rats and dogs indicated that the corrosion resistances of the TRIP steel and the Type 316L stainless steel were similar and that the tissue reactions caused by these alloys were also similar. However, in rhesus monkeys, the TRIP steel was shown to be susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking and much more susceptible to crevice corrosion than Type 316L stainless steel. Limited tests in rabbits supported the observation that the TRIP steel is susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking. These inconsistencies in the in vivo tests underline the need for a reevaluation of the popular test techniques and of the animals commonly chosen for assessing the suitability of candidate implant materials. The “worst case” results from the rhesus monkey tests were entirely consistent with previous results obtained from in vitro studies. However, further work must be performed before the behavior of metals in humans, rhesus monkeys, or any other animal, can be predicted with confidence from an in vitro test program.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820130403
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of gamma irradiation on injectable human amnion collagen (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 23 (1989), S. 833-844 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The effect of gamma irradiation on the physicochemical properties of injectable human amninon collagen was investigated. Pepsin-extracted human amnion collagen was purified, reconstituted, and irradiated with varying doses of gamma irradiation (0.25 Mrads to 2.5 Mrads). Gamma irradiation had a significant impact on the physical characteristics of the collagen. The neutral solubility of collagen in PBS at 45°C was decreased from 100% for the nonirradiated control sample to 16% for the 2.5 Mrads irradiated sample. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis also demonstrated the dose-dependent effect of gamma irradiation on collagen crosslinks. Electron microscopic observation revealed that even at low irradiation dose (0.25 Mrads), collagen fibril diameter increased. The average diameter was 50 nm for nonirradiated control fibrils, while 4.4% percent of the irradiated collagen fibrils had a diameter greater than 100 nm. Irradiated collagen showed little evidence of damage. Well-preserved cross-strations were found in collagen fibrils at all doses of irradiation. Native amnion collagen irradiated with gamma rays demonstrated a slight increase in resistance to collagenase degradation compared with nonirradiated native collagen samples. Increased resistance to collagenase did not correlate with increasing irradiation dose. After 30 min of incubation at 37°C, both irradiated and non-irradiated collagen was completely digested by collagenase. However, gamma-irradiated collagen did become more sensitive to hydrolysis by trypsin. The higher the irradiation doses used, the greater sensitivity to trypsin was observed. At 0.25 Mrads irrdiation only a slight increase was found. No marked differences in amino acid composition were noted among the high dose irradiated, low dose irradiated and control amnion collagen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820230803
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of bone cement powder on human adherent monocytes/macrophages in vitro (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 27 (1993), S. 1039-1046 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This study reports the effects of Simplex bone cement powder (BC) on the proliferation and production of bone resorbing factors in vitro by human adherent monocytes/macrophages. Adherent peripheral blood cells were isolated from seven healthy individuals and exposed to a dispersion of BC powder (1 mg/mL), phytohemagglutinin (PHA, 40 μg/mL), or medium alone at different periods of cell incubation (days 0-2, 0-7, 5-7, or 10-12). Cell proliferation was quantified by incorporation of 3H-thymidine uptake. Culture supernatants were evaluated for levels of interleukin 1-like activity (IL-1) by murine thymocyte proliferation assay, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by radioimmunoassay, lysosomal enzyme activity (N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and β-glucuronidase) using fluorometry, and collagen and casein degrading activity using radioactive substrates. Human adherent peripheral blood cells showed a proliferative response to PHA that coincided with cell maturation; BC did not inhibit PHA-induced cell proliferation of either adherent or nonadherent blood cells, indicating the non-toxic nature of these particles at the concentrations tested. BC stimulated increased release of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase; the levels of PGE2, IL-1, collagenase, and caseinase were unchanged. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820270809
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