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  • Other Sources  (19)
  • NASA Technical Reports  (19)
  • Bibliography of International Lithosphere Program
  • Aerospace Medicine  (11)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (8)
  • 1
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    The presence of lysylpyridinoline in the hypertrophic cartilage of newly hatched chicks (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The presence of lysylpyridinoline (LP) as a nonreducible cross-link in appreciable quantities has primarily been limited to the mineralized tissues, bone and dentin. However, the results reported here show that LP is not only present in the hypertrophic cartilage of the tibiotarsus isolated from newly hatched broiler chicks, but it is approx. 4-fold as concentrated as hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP). Bone and articular cartilage surrounding the hypertrophic cartilage do not contain measurable quantities of LP. Purified LP has a fluorescent scan similar to purified HP and literature values, confirming that we indeed were measuring LP. Also, the cartilage lesion produced by immature chondrocytes from birds with tibial dyschondroplasia had LP but the HP:LP ratio was 〉 1. Thus, the low HP:LP ratio could be a marker for hypertrophic cartilage in avians.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Biochimica et biophysica acta (ISSN 0006-3002); Volume 1157; 3; 229-32
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  • 2
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    Cortical bone growth and maturational changes in dwarf rats induced by recombinant human growth hormone (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The growth hormone (GH)-deficient dwarf rat was used to investigate recombinant human (rh) GH-induced bone formation and to determine whether rhGH facilitates simultaneous increases in bone formation and bone maturation during rapid growth. Twenty dwarf rats, 37 days of age, were randomly assigned to dwarf plus rhGH (GH; n = 10) and dwarf plus vehicle (n = 10) groups. The GH group received 1.25 mg rhGH/kg body wt two times daily for 14 days. Biochemical, morphological, and X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on the femur middiaphysis. rhGH stimulated new bone growth in the GH group, as demonstrated by significant increases (P 〈 0.05) in longitudinal bone length (6%), middiaphyseal cross-sectional area (20%), and the amount of newly accreted bone collagen (28%) in the total pool of middiaphyseal bone collagen. Cortical bone density, mean hydroxyapatite crystal size, and the calcium and collagen contents (microgram/mm3) were significantly smaller in the GH group (P 〈 0.05). Our findings suggest that the processes regulating new collagen accretion, bone collagen maturation, and mean hydroxyapatite crystal size may be independently regulated during rapid growth.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: The American journal of physiology (ISSN 0002-9513); Volume 270; 1 Pt 1; E51-9
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  • 3
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    Hindlimb unloading alters ligament healing (2003)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We investigated the hypothesis that hindlimb unloading inhibits healing in fibrous connective tissue such as ligament. Male rats were assigned to 3- and 7-wk treatment groups with three subgroups each: sham control, ambulatory healing, and hindlimb-suspended healing. Ambulatory and suspended animals underwent surgical rupture of their medial collateral ligaments, whereas sham surgeries were performed on control animals. After 3 or 7 wk, mechanical and/or morphological properties were measured in ligament, muscle, and bone. During mechanical testing, most suspended ligaments failed in the scar region, indicating the greatest impairment was to ligament and not to bone-ligament insertion. Ligament testing revealed significant reductions in maximum force, ultimate stress, elastic modulus, and low-load properties in suspended animals. In addition, femoral mineral density, femoral strength, gastrocnemius mass, and tibialis anterior mass were significantly reduced. Microscopy revealed abnormal scar formation and cell distribution in suspended ligaments with extracellular matrix discontinuities and voids between misaligned, but well-formed, collagen fiber bundles. Hence, stress levels from ambulation appear unnecessary for formation of fiber bundles yet required for collagen to form structurally competent continuous fibers. Results support our hypothesis that hindlimb unloading impairs healing of fibrous connective tissue. In addition, this study provides compelling morphological evidence explaining the altered structure-function relationship in load-deprived healing connective tissue.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) (ISSN 8750-7587); Volume 94; 1; 314-24
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  • 4
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    Effect of a growth hormone treatment on bone orthotropic elasticity in dwarf rats (1997)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A refinement of the current ultrasonic elasticity technique was used to measure the orthotropic elastic properties of rat cortical bone as well as to quantify changes in elastic properties, density, and porosity of the dwarf rat cortex after a treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). The ultrasonic elasticity technique was refined via optimized signal management of high-frequency wave propagation through cubic cortical specimens. Twenty dwarf rats (37 days old) were randomly assigned to two groups (10 rats each). The dwarf rat model (5-10% of normal GH) was given subcutaneous injections of either rhGH or saline over a 14-day treatment period. Density was measured using Archimedes technique. Porosity and other microstructural characteristics were also explored via scanning electron microscopy and image analysis. Statistical tests verified significant decreases in cortical orthotropic Young's (-26.7%) and shear (-16.7%) moduli and density (-2.42%) concomitant with an increase in porosity (+125%) after rhGH treatments to the dwarf model (p 〈 0.05). A change in material symmetry from orthotropy toward planar isotropy within the radial-circumferential plane after GH treatments was also noted. These results demonstrate some alteration in bone properties at this time interval. Structural implications of these changes throughout physiological loading regimens should be explored.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Annals of biomedical engineering (ISSN 0090-6964); Volume 25; 1; 77-85
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  • 5
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    INAA of CAIs from the Maralinga CK4 chondrite: Effects of parent body thermal metamorphism (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Maralinga is an anomalous CK4 carbonaceous chondrite which contains numerous Ca-, Al-rich inclusions (CAI's) unlike the other members of the CK group. These CAI's are characterized by abundant green hercynitic spinel intergrown with plagioclase and high-Ca clinopyroxene, and a total lack of melilite. Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) was used to further characterize the meteorite, with special focus on the CAI's. High sensitivity INAA was done on eight sample disks about 100-150 microns in diameter obtained from a normal 30 micron thin section with a diamond microcoring device. The CAI's are enriched by 60-70X bulk meteorite values in Zn, suggesting that the substantial exchange of Fe for Mg that made the spinel in the CAI's hercynitic also allowed efficient scavenging of Zn from the rest of the meteorite during parent body thermal metamorphism. Less mobile elements appear to have maintained their initial heterogeneity.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 2: G-M; p 877-878
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  • 6
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    Distribution of siderophile and other trace elements in melt rock at the Chicxulub impact structure (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Recent isotopic and mineralogical studies have demonstrated a temporal and chemical link between the Chicxulub multiring impact basin and ejecta at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. A fundamental problem yet to be resolved, however, is identification of the projectile responsible for this cataclysmic event. Drill core samples of impact melt rock from the Chichxulub structure contain Ir and Os abundances and Re-Os isotopic ratios indicating the presence of up to approx. 3 percent meteoritic material. We have used a technique involving microdrilling and high sensitivity instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) in conjunction with electron microprobe analysis to characterize further the distribution of siderophile and other trace elements among phases within the C1-N10 melt rock.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., The Twenty-Fifth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 3: P-Z; p 1221-1222
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  • 7
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    Carbon and oxygen isotope study of carbonates from highly shocked clasts of the polymict breccia of the Haughton Crater (Canada) (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: It is known that the release of volatiles on impact is an important controlling factor in cratering processes in carbonate terranes and in the mobility of chemical elements. In order to assess the nature and the role of carbon- and oxygen-bearing volatiles during impact-induced metamorphism of sedimentary rocks, the C-13/C-12 and O-18/O-16 ratios and carbonate contents were determined for 30 shocked clasts from the Haughton Crater polymict breccia as well as for some unshocked carbonates from the sedimentary cover adjacent to the crater. Shock-induced CO2 loss during decarbonation of calcite is known to be a function of peak pressure and ambient partial pressure of the volatile species. In our clast samples, shocked from 20 to 60 GPa, we expect about 20 to 100 percent CO2 loss and preferential depletion in C-13 and O-18 in the residual carbonate. Rayleigh model (progressive loss of CO2) and batch model (single-step loss of CO2) curves for this depletion are shown. The magnitudes of the C-13 and O-18 depletions increase with the increase of the CO2 loss. In addition, the isotopic depletions should be correlated with an enrichment in CaO and MgO in the residual solid.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., International Conference on Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution; p 1-2
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  • 8
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    Mn-Cr isotopic systematics of Chainpur chondrules and bulk ordinary chondrites (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: We report on ongoing study of the Mn-Cr systematics of individual Chainpur (LL3.4) chondrules and compare the results to those for bulk ordinary chondrites. Twenty-eight chondrules were surveyed for abundances of Mn, Cr, Na, Fe, Sc, Hf, Ir, and Zn by INAA. Twelve were chosen for SEM/EDX and high-precision Cr-isotopic studies on the basis of LL-chondrite-normalized Mn(LL), Sc(LL), (Mn/Fe)(LL), and (Sc/Fe)(LL) as well as their Mn/Cr ratios. Classification into textural types follows from SEM/EDX examination of interior surfaces.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Papers Presented to the Conference on Chondrules and the Protoplanetary Disk; p 28-30
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  • 9
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    Rocket observations of the ultraviolet spectrum of comet Austin (1989c1) (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Long slit ultraviolet spectra of Comet Austin (1989c1) were obtained from a sounding rocket experiment launched from White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, on 21 April 1990 at 1015 UT. The instrument, known as the Faint Object Telescope, consisted of f/15.5 Dall-Kirkham telescope, a Rowland Circle spectrograph and a microchannel plate intensifier coupled to a Reticon diode array. An onboard television camera transmitted images to the ground during flight, which permitted real-time maneuvers in order to center the comet in the entrance slit. The comet was held near the center of the slit for approximately 270 seconds by sending six pointing corrections, all but one of which was less than 30 arcseconds. The comet's parameters at the time of observation, along with the characteristics of the instrument, are given.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Southwest Research Inst., Workshop on Observations of Recent Comets (1990); p 55-58
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  • 10
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    The parent magma of xenoliths in shergottite EETA79001: Bulk and trace element composition inferred from magmatic inclusions (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The SNC meteorites are samples of the Martian crust, so inferences about their origins and parent magmas are of wide planetologic significance. The EETA79001 shergottite, a basalt, contains xenoliths of pyroxene-olivine cumulate rocks which are possibly related to the ALHA77005 and LEW88516 SNC lherzolites. Olivines in the xenoliths contain magmatic inclusions, relics of magma trapped within the growing crystals. The magmatic inclusions allow a parent magma composition to be retrieved; it is similar to the composition reconstructed from xenolith pyroxenes by element distribution coefficients. The xenolith parent magma is similar but not identical to parent magmas for the shergottite lherzolites.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., The Twenty-Fifth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 3: P-Z; p 1417-1418
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