ALBERT

Description: Science Board Meeting 2022 — Note from the Science Board Chair. FUTURE SSC’s 8th Annual Meeting ~ Highlights. PICES-2022 and the first hybrid annual meeting. Featuring PICES-2022 Award recipients: (Chair Award, Wooster Award, Zhu-Peterson Award, PICES Ocean Monitoring Service Award, ECS Best Presentation Awards). PICES-2022 Workshop Reports: (W1: Distributions of pelagic, demersal, and benthic species associated with seamounts in the North Pacific Ocean and factors influencing their distributions, W2: Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (IEA) to understand the present and future of the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO) and Northern Bering and Chukchi Seas (NBS-CS), W3: SmartNet: Promoting PICES and ICES Leadership in the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, W4: Exploring Engagement Opportunities for Early Career Ocean Professionals (ECOPs) within PICES and Internationally, W5: Integrating biological research, fisheries science and management of broadly distributed flatfish species across the North Pacific Ocean in the face of climate and environmental variability, W7: Anthropogenic stressors, mechanisms and potential impacts on Marine Birds, Mammals, and Sea Turtles, W8: Science Communication Training: How to Create Memorable PICES Science Stories, W10: A TCODE Workshop on “Openly Discoverable, Accessible, and Reusable Data and Information in the U.N. Decade”). PICES AP-NPCOOS "Ocean Big Data" Summer School. PICES AP-CREAMS Virtual Summer School on Ocean Turbulence: From Observing to Research. Science and Innovation to Scale Up Ocean Action: UN Ocean Conference 2022. ECOP Perspective on the 4th Early Career Scientist Conference (ECSC4). Symposium in Lisbon Re-unites the Global Community Investigating Small Pelagic Fish. SPF2022 Symposium Workshop Reports: (1: Application of Genetics to Small Pelagic Fish, 2: The Devil’s in the Details of Using Species Distribution Models to Inform Multispecies and Ecosystem Models, 3: Small Pelagics for Whom? Challenges and Opportunities for the Equitable Distribution of Nutritional Benefits, 4: Evaluating Inter-Sectoral Tradeoffs and Community-Level Response to Spatio-Temporal Changes in Forage Distribution and Abundance, 5: Recent Advances in the Daily Egg Production Method (DEPM): Challenges and Opportunities, 6: Small Pelagic Fish Reproductive Resilience). SOLAS Open Science Conference, 2022. Early Career Scientist Participation in SOLAS Open Science Conference, 2022. PICES SeaTurtle researchers find clues linking derelict fishing lines of “Urban Fishermen” to sea turtle stranding. NPAFC's IYS Synthesis Symposium - Key Takeaways. The Bering Sea: Current Status and Recent Trends. Western North Pacific: Current status and recent topic: Sea Surface Temperature during the 2022 warm season, The Northeast Pacific: Update on marine heatwave status and trends. PICES Events Calendar. PICES by the Numbers, and an Invitation to join SG-GREEN. Open call for PICES Press submissions | About PICES Press

Description: Published

Description: Non Refereed

Description: Third-generation gravitational wave observatories will extend the lower frequency limit of the observation band toward 2 Hz, where new sources of gravitational waves, in particular intermediate-mass black holes (IMBH), will be detected. In this frequency region, seismic noise will play an important role, mainly through the so-called Newtonian noise, i.e., the gravity-mediated coupling between ground motion and test mass displacements. The signal lifetime of such sources in the detector is of the order of tens of seconds. In order to determine whether a candidate site to host the Einstein Telescope observatory is particularly suitable to observe such sources, it is necessary to estimate the probability distributions that, in the characteristic time scale of the signal, the sensitivity of the detector is not perturbed by Newtonian noise. In this paper, a first analysis is presented, focused on the Sos Enattos site (Sardinia, Italy), a candidate to host the Einstein Telescope. Starting from a long data set of seismic noise, this distribution is evaluated considering both the presently designed triangular ET configuration and also the classical ”L” configuration.

Description: Published

Description: 511

Description: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali

Description: JCR Journal

Description: In the last decades, the frequency of extreme weather and marine events has drastically increased. During the last week of October 2021 an intense Mediterranean hurricane (Medicane), named Apollo, affected many countries on the Mediterranean coasts. Eight people died as a consequence of the floodings from the cyclone in the countries of Tunisia, Algeria, Malta, and Italy. A preliminary search for possible signatures of the Apollo Medicane by meteorological satellite, radar HF, marine buoy, and seismic data is performed. This was done in a framework of an international collaboration between Italian and Maltese partners for the monitoring of the sea state in scenarios of climate change. The experimental results confirm, at this preliminary stage, the possibility and the usefulness of jointly looking at such phenomena with multiple aims of retrieving a more robust characterization, having a backup alternative in case a primary monitoring network gets failure, and pathing the way to heuristic and data-driven analytical and predictive approaches to Medicanes issues.

Description: Published

Description: Athens, Greece

Description: 7A. Geofisica per il monitoraggio ambientale

Description: Quantifying the abundances of fungi is key to understanding natural variation in mycorrhi-zal communities in relation to plant ecophysiology and environmental heterogeneity. High-throughput metabarcoding approaches have transformed our ability to characterize and com-pare complex mycorrhizal communities. However, it remains unclear how well metabarcodingread counts correlate with actual read abundances in the sample, potentially limiting their useas a proxy for species abundances. Here, we use droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to evaluate the reliability of ITS2 metabarcodingdata for quantitative assessments of mycorrhizal communities in the orchid speciesNeottiaovatasampled at multiple sites. We performed specific ddPCR assays for eight families oforchid mycorrhizal fungi and compared the results with read counts obtained from metabar-coding. Our results demonstrate a significant correlation between DNA copy numbers measured byddPCR assays and metabarcoding read counts of major mycorrhizal partners ofN. ovata,highlighting the usefulness of metabarcoding for quantifying the abundance of orchid mycor-rhizal fungi. Yet, the levels of correlation between the two methods and the numbers of falsezero values varied across fungal families, which warrants cautious evaluation of the reliabilityof low-abundance families. This study underscores the potential of metabarcoding data for more quantitative analysesof mycorrhizal communities and presents practical workflows for metabarcoding and ddPCRto achieve a more comprehensive understanding of orchid mycorrhizal communities

Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Paight, C., Johnson, M., Lasek‐Nesselquist, E., & Moeller, H. Cascading effects of prey identity on gene expression in a kleptoplastidic ciliate. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 70(1), (2022): e12940, https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12940.

Description: Kleptoplastidic, or chloroplast stealing, lineages transiently retain functional photosynthetic machinery from algal prey. This machinery, and its photosynthetic outputs, must be integrated into the host's metabolism, but the details of this integration are poorly understood. Here, we study this metabolic integration in the ciliate Mesodinium chamaeleon, a coastal marine species capable of retaining chloroplasts from at least six distinct genera of cryptophyte algae. To assess the effects of feeding history on ciliate physiology and gene expression, we acclimated M. chamaeleon to four different types of prey and contrasted well-fed and starved treatments. Consistent with previous physiological work on the ciliate, we found that starved ciliates had lower chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rates, and growth rates than their well-fed counterparts. However, ciliate gene expression mirrored prey phylogenetic relationships rather than physiological status, suggesting that, even as M. chamaeleon cells were starved of prey, their overarching regulatory systems remained tuned to the prey type to which they had been acclimated. Collectively, our results indicate a surprising degree of prey-specific host transcriptional adjustments, implying varied integration of prey metabolic potential into many aspects of ciliate physiology.

Description: This work was supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation (Award # 689265 to HVM). Research was sponsored by the U.S. Army Research Office and accomplished under contract W911NF-19-D-0001 for the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies.

Description: Swarm is the first European Space Agency (ESA) constellation mission for Earth Observation. Three identical Swarm satellites were launched into near-polar orbits on 22 November 2013. Each satellite hosts a range of instruments, including a Langmuir probe, GPS receivers, and magnetometers, from which the ionospheric plasma can be sampled and current systems inferred. In March 2018, the CASSIOPE/e-POP mission was formally integrated into the Swarm mission through ESA’s Earthnet Third Party Mission Programme. Collectively the instruments on the Swarm satellites enable detailed studies of ionospheric plasma, together with the variability of this plasma in space and in time. This allows the driving processes to be determined and understood. The purpose of this paper is to review ionospheric results from the first seven years of the Swarm mission and to discuss scientific challenges for future work in this field.

Description: Published

Description: 52

Description: 2A. Fisica dell'alta atmosfera

Description: JCR Journal

Description: Stromboli (Italy) is a basaltic volcano characterized by persistent, mild strombolian activity, occasionally interrupted by lava effusion and more violent explosive events, named major explosions and paroxysms depending on their intensity and magnitude. The normal activity is fed by a shallow and degassed highly porphyritic (HP) shoshonitic basalt carrying about 50 vol.% crystals settled in a shoshonitic glassy matrix ( K2O 〉 3.8 wt.%). The more energetic explosions erupt a deep, volatile-rich, low-porphyritic (LP) magma with 〈 10 vol.% crystals in a shoshonitic basaltic glassy matrix ( K2O 〈 2.4 wt.%). Products with intermediate glass composition are also found in the more violent explosive events. In this study, we present a new data set of major and trace element contents in matrix glasses and minerals performed in products from different types of explosive activity that occurred at Stromboli between 1998 and 2020. This large data set is used to put constraints on the evolution and architecture of the intermediate plumbing system, where the transformation from LP to HP occurs. Results indicate that, compared to paroxysms, the glassy matrices of the LP pumices from major explosions are richer in incompatible trace elements (and K2O wt.%) due to 〈 15 wt.% fractionation of clinopyroxene and olivine. This points to a chemical zoning of the deep reservoir and suggests that major explosions are fed by magmas residing in its upper part. Among the major explosions, the homogeneous intermediate glasses in the products from the 19 July 2020 event originate from the interplay of mixing and crystal fractionation processes. The crystallization of euhedral microphenocrysts of An-rich plagioclase suggests that batches of magma can pond and crystallize for few days (〈 11) at the base of the intermediate zone of the plumbing system, at pressure coinciding with the entering of plagioclase into the system (〈 100 MPa). As a relevant point for understanding the pre- and syn-eruptive magma dynamics, data indicate a positive correlation between the magnitude of the explosions and the depth of the supply magma.

Description: Published

Description: 96

Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici

Description: JCR Journal

Description: Growth rates and other biomass traits of phytoplankton are strongly affected by temperature. We hypothesized that resulting phenotypes originate from deviating temperature sensitivities of underlying physiological processes. We used membrane-inlet mass spectrometry to assess photosynthetic and respiratory O2 and CO2 fluxes in response to abrupt temperature changes as well as after acclimation periods in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Abrupt temperature changes caused immediate over- or undershoots in most physiological processes, that is, photosynthetic oxygen release ((Figure presented.)), photosynthetic carbon uptake ((Figure presented.)), and respiratory oxygen release ((Figure presented.)). Over acclimation timescales, cells were, however, able to re-adjust their physiology and revert to phenotypic ‘sweet spots’. Respiratory CO2 release ((Figure presented.)) was generally inhibited under high temperature and stimulated under low-temperature settings, on abrupt as well as acclimation timescales. Such behavior may help mitochondria to stabilize plastidial ATP : NADPH ratios and thus maximize photosynthetic carbon assimilation.

Description: 2021 inter-sessional Science Board meeting - Note from the science Board Chair. FUTURE SCC's 7th inter-sessional meeting highlights. Sustainability of Marine Ecosystems Through Knowledge Networks (SMARTNET) Endorsed as a UN Decade of Ocean Science Program. SMARTNET featured in ECO magazine. Early Career Ocean Professionals: Evolving Contributions to PICES & the UN Ocean Decade. Pacific Ecology and Evolution Conference. The (Virtual) International Symposium on Plastics in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic Regions. Hal Batchelder's legacy - in PICES words. The western North Pacific during the 2020/2021 cold season. Behring Sea: Current status and recent trends. The Northeast Pacific: Update on Marine Heat Wave Status. PICES by the numbers - finding balance. Your PICES science images Feature: SEAturtle Special Project. About PICES Press.

Description: Published

Description: Non Refereed

Description: Intersessional Science Board Meeting 2022 - Note from the Science Board Chair. FUTURE SSC's 8th Intersessional Meeting ~ Highlights. SmartNet Event: Establishing Global Knowledge Networks to Achieve "A Productive Ocean." PICES and ICES at Our Ocean 2022, Palau. Looking forward to a return to in-person annual meetings at PICES-2022. An Invitation to the Science Communication Workshop at PICES 2022: How to Create Memorable PICES Science Stories. PICES Ciguatera Project in International News. Exploring Human Networks to Power Sustainability. AP-ECOP's Early Career Ocean Professionals Update: ECOP cross-pollination in PICES and Internationally. Eagerly anticipating the 4th ICES/PICES ECS Conference this July! PICES Contributions to OSM 2022. Pacific Ecology and Evolution Conference (PEEC). Update on the Bering Sea. The western North Pacific during the 2021/2022 cold season. Cool winter and early spring conditions in the Northeast Pacific. Remembering Timothy Parsons - Pre-eminent Canadian marine scientist. PICES Calendar of Events. PICES Science Images & Call for submissions. PICES By the Numbers. About PICES Press.

Description: Published

Description: Non Refereed