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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-06-08
    Description: Soil warming has the potential to alter both soil and plant processes that affect carbon storage in forest ecosystems. We have quantified these effects in a large, long-term (7-y) soil-warming study in a deciduous forest in New England. Soil warming has resulted in carbon losses from the soil and stimulated carbon gains in the woody tissue of trees. The warming-enhanced decay of soil organic matter also released enough additional inorganic nitrogen into the soil solution to support the observed increases in plant carbon storage. Although soil warming has resulted in a cumulative net loss of carbon from a New England forest relative to a control area over the 7-y study, the annual net losses generally decreased over time as plant carbon storage increased. In the seventh year, warming-induced soil carbon losses were almost totally compensated for by plant carbon gains in response to warming. We attribute the plant gains primarily to warming-induced increases in nitrogen availability. This study underscores the importance of incorporating carbon–nitrogen interactions in atmosphere–ocean–land earth system models to accurately simulate land feedbacks to the climate system.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
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    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Publication Date: 2011-05-25
    Description: Analytical Chemistry DOI: 10.1021/ac201075e
    Print ISSN: 0003-2700
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6882
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2005-11-19
    Description: The attack on the World Trade Center on 9/11/2001 challenged current approaches to forensic DNA typing methods. The large number of victims and the extreme thermal and physical conditions of the site necessitated special approaches to the DNA-based identification. Because of these and many additional challenges, new procedures were created or modified from routine forensic protocols. This effort facilitated the identification of 1594 of the 2749 victims. In this Policy Forum, the authors, who were were members of the World Trade Center Kinship and Data Analysis Panel, review the lessons of the attack response from the perspective of DNA forensic identification and suggest policies and procedures for future mass disasters or large-scale terrorist attacks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Biesecker, Leslie G -- Bailey-Wilson, Joan E -- Ballantyne, Jack -- Baum, Howard -- Bieber, Frederick R -- Brenner, Charles -- Budowle, Bruce -- Butler, John M -- Carmody, George -- Conneally, P Michael -- Duceman, Barry -- Eisenberg, Arthur -- Forman, Lisa -- Kidd, Kenneth K -- Leclair, Benoit -- Niezgoda, Steven -- Parsons, Thomas J -- Pugh, Elizabeth -- Shaler, Robert -- Sherry, Stephen T -- Sozer, Amanda -- Walsh, Anne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1122-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16293742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Dna ; *DNA Fingerprinting/methods ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Disaster Planning ; Family ; Female ; Forecasting ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Male ; *September 11 Terrorist Attacks ; Specimen Handling ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2010-11-12
    Description: During embryogenesis, endothelial cells induce organogenesis before the development of circulation. These findings suggest that endothelial cells not only form passive conduits to deliver nutrients and oxygen, but also establish an instructive vascular niche, which through elaboration of paracrine trophogens stimulates organ regeneration, in a manner similar to endothelial-cell-derived angiocrine factors that support haematopoiesis. However, the precise mechanism by which tissue-specific subsets of endothelial cells promote organogenesis in adults is unknown. Here we demonstrate that liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) constitute a unique population of phenotypically and functionally defined VEGFR3(+)CD34(-)VEGFR2(+)VE-cadherin(+)FactorVIII(+)CD45(-) endothelial cells, which through the release of angiocrine trophogens initiate and sustain liver regeneration induced by 70% partial hepatectomy. After partial hepatectomy, residual liver vasculature remains intact without experiencing hypoxia or structural damage, which allows study of physiological liver regeneration. Using this model, we show that inducible genetic ablation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A receptor-2 (VEGFR2) in the LSECs impairs the initial burst of hepatocyte proliferation (days 1-3 after partial hepatectomy) and subsequent reconstitution of the hepatovascular mass (days 4-8 after partial hepatectomy) by inhibiting upregulation of the endothelial-cell-specific transcription factor Id1. Accordingly, Id1-deficient mice also manifest defects throughout liver regeneration, owing to diminished expression of LSEC-derived angiocrine factors, including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and Wnt2. Notably, in in vitro co-cultures, VEGFR2-Id1 activation in LSECs stimulates hepatocyte proliferation. Indeed, intrasplenic transplantation of Id1(+/+) or Id1(-/-) LSECs transduced with Wnt2 and HGF (Id1(-/-)Wnt2(+)HGF(+) LSECs) re-establishes an inductive vascular niche in the liver sinusoids of the Id1(-/-) mice, initiating and restoring hepatovascular regeneration. Therefore, in the early phases of physiological liver regeneration, VEGFR2-Id1-mediated inductive angiogenesis in LSECs through release of angiocrine factors Wnt2 and HGF provokes hepatic proliferation. Subsequently, VEGFR2-Id1-dependent proliferative angiogenesis reconstitutes liver mass. Therapeutic co-transplantation of inductive VEGFR2(+)Id1(+)Wnt2(+)HGF(+) LSECs with hepatocytes provides an effective strategy to achieve durable liver regeneration.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3058628/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3058628/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ding, Bi-Sen -- Nolan, Daniel J -- Butler, Jason M -- James, Daylon -- Babazadeh, Alexander O -- Rosenwaks, Zev -- Mittal, Vivek -- Kobayashi, Hideki -- Shido, Koji -- Lyden, David -- Sato, Thomas N -- Rabbany, Sina Y -- Rafii, Shahin -- HL097797/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL059312/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL059312-090006/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL059312-100006/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL067839/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL067839-050004/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HL084936/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HL084936-010003/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HL084936-020003/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HL084936-030003/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HL084936-040003/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097797/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097797-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097797-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097797-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RC1 AI080309/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL-66592-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 11;468(7321):310-5. doi: 10.1038/nature09493.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, and Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21068842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Coculture Techniques ; Endothelium/cytology/*metabolism ; Hepatectomy ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/cytology ; Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Liver/*blood supply/*cytology ; Liver Regeneration/*physiology ; Mice ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/*physiology ; Phenotype ; *Signal Transduction ; Up-Regulation ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism ; Wnt2 Protein/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2013-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Butler, Jason M -- Rafii, Shahin -- England -- Nature. 2013 Mar 21;495(7441):317-8. doi: 10.1038/nature12085. Epub 2013 Mar 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23485972" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dinoprostone/*metabolism ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology ; Humans ; Stem Cells/*cytology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-07-18
    Description: Generating engraftable human haematopoietic cells from autologous tissues is a potential route to new therapies for blood diseases. However, directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells yields haematopoietic cells that engraft poorly. Here, we have devised a method to phenocopy the vascular-niche microenvironment of haemogenic cells, thereby enabling reprogramming of human endothelial cells into engraftable haematopoietic cells without transition through a pluripotent intermediate. Highly purified non-haemogenic human umbilical vein endothelial cells or adult dermal microvascular endothelial cells were transduced with the transcription factors FOSB, GFI1, RUNX1 and SPI1 (hereafter referred to as FGRS), and then propagated on serum-free instructive vascular niche monolayers to induce outgrowth of haematopoietic colonies containing cells with functional and immunophenotypic features of multipotent progenitor cells (MPPs). These endothelial cells that have been reprogrammed into human MPPs (rEC-hMPPs) acquire colony-forming-cell potential and durably engraft into immune-deficient mice after primary and secondary transplantation, producing long-term rEC-hMPP-derived myeloid (granulocytic/monocytic, erythroid, megakaryocytic) and lymphoid (natural killer and B cell) progenies. Conditional expression of FGRS transgenes, combined with vascular induction, activates endogenous FGRS genes, endowing rEC-hMPPs with a transcriptional and functional profile similar to that of self-renewing MPPs. Our approach underscores the role of inductive cues from the vascular niche in coordinating and sustaining haematopoietic specification and may prove useful for engineering autologous haematopoietic grafts to treat inherited and acquired blood disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159670/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159670/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sandler, Vladislav M -- Lis, Raphael -- Liu, Ying -- Kedem, Alon -- James, Daylon -- Elemento, Olivier -- Butler, Jason M -- Scandura, Joseph M -- Rafii, Shahin -- CA159175/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA163167/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL055748/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL119872/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK095039/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097797/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL115128/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL119872/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01DK095039/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01HL097797/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL119872/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL099997/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL099997/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U54 CA163167/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54CA163167/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jul 17;511(7509):312-8. doi: 10.1038/nature13547. Epub 2014 Jul 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; 1] Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA [2] Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25030167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism/transplantation ; Animals ; Aorta ; Cell Lineage ; *Cellular Microenvironment ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; Endothelial Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gonads ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphocytes/cytology ; Mesonephros ; Mice ; Multipotent Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism/transplantation ; Myeloid Cells/cytology ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transgenes/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-04-14
    Description: Bone marrow endothelial cells (BMECs) form a network of blood vessels that regulate both leukocyte trafficking and haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) maintenance. However, it is not clear how BMECs balance these dual roles, and whether these events occur at the same vascular site. We found that mammalian bone marrow stem cell maintenance and leukocyte trafficking are regulated by distinct blood vessel types with different permeability properties. Less permeable arterial blood vessels maintain haematopoietic stem cells in a low reactive oxygen species (ROS) state, whereas the more permeable sinusoids promote HSPC activation and are the exclusive site for immature and mature leukocyte trafficking to and from the bone marrow. A functional consequence of high permeability of blood vessels is that exposure to blood plasma increases bone marrow HSPC ROS levels, augmenting their migration and differentiation, while compromising their long-term repopulation and survival. These findings may have relevance for clinical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and mobilization protocols.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Itkin, Tomer -- Gur-Cohen, Shiri -- Spencer, Joel A -- Schajnovitz, Amir -- Ramasamy, Saravana K -- Kusumbe, Anjali P -- Ledergor, Guy -- Jung, Yookyung -- Milo, Idan -- Poulos, Michael G -- Kalinkovich, Alexander -- Ludin, Aya -- Kollet, Orit -- Shakhar, Guy -- Butler, Jason M -- Rafii, Shahin -- Adams, Ralf H -- Scadden, David T -- Lin, Charles P -- Lapidot, Tsvee -- EB017274/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- HL100402/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB017274/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100402/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 21;532(7599):323-8. doi: 10.1038/nature17624. Epub 2016 Apr 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. ; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ; Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis and Faculty of Medicine, University of Munster, D-48149 Munster, Germany. ; Internal Medicine Department, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel. ; Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27074509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Ly/metabolism ; Arteries/cytology/physiology ; Blood Vessels/*cytology/*physiology ; Bone Marrow/*blood supply ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Cell Self Renewal ; Cell Survival ; Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism ; Endothelial Cells/physiology ; Female ; *Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology ; Leukocytes/cytology ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nestin/metabolism ; Pericytes/physiology ; Permeability ; Plasma/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: Endothelial cells that line capillaries are not just passive conduits for delivering blood. Tissue-specific endothelium establishes specialized vascular niches that deploy sets of growth factors, known as angiocrine factors. These cues participate actively in the induction, specification, patterning and guidance of organ regeneration, as well as in the maintainance of homeostasis and metabolism. When upregulated following injury, they orchestrate self-renewal and differentiation of tissue-specific resident stem and progenitor cells into functional organs. Uncovering the mechanisms by which organotypic endothelium distributes physiological levels of angiocrine factors both spatially and temporally will lay the foundation for clinical trials that promote organ repair without scarring.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rafii, Shahin -- Butler, Jason M -- Ding, Bi-Sen -- R01DK095039/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01HL115128/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL119872/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL128158/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U54CA163167/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Jan 21;529(7586):316-25. doi: 10.1038/nature17040.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26791722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Tissue cyst induced Toxoplasma gondii infections were examined in 2 beagle dogs orally inoculated with tissue cysts. Neither dog developed clinical signs of toxoplasmosis. Both dogs developed low antibody titers to T. gondii. The MAT and IFAT were superior to the LAT and IHT tests for detecting antibodies to T. gondii.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary VIP- and substance P-like immunoreactivities were found in considerable concentrations (VIP: 17.3±4.8 pmol/g, mean ± SEM; substance P:11.1±1.8 pmol/g) in the uveal portion of the guinea pig eye.d Immunocytochemistry localised these two regulatory peptides to nerve fibres found principally in a plexus in the iris (substance P) and in an extensive network surrounding the blood vessels of the choroid (VIP). A remarkable anatomical demarcation of the two types of peptide-containing nerves was established by the staining of substance P-containing nerves, which stops at the level of the ciliary body. This uveal area is known to be involved in the ocular responses to nociceptive stimuli. At the ultrastructural level, immunoreactivity for both peptides was localised to distinct subpopulations of p-type nerves, distinguishable by the size of their large dense-cored vesicles. Those immunoreactive for VIP were significantly larger (p〈0.0005) than those immunoreactive for substance P (95±7 nm and 82±9 nm respectively; mean ± SD). Interruption of the trigeminal pathway produced a remarkable decrease of substance P immunoreactivity in the anterior portion of the uvea (9.1±1.5 pmol/g, mean ± SEM, control; 5.3±1.3 pmol/g, denervated), but not of VIP immunoreactivity in the choroid. Following colchicine treatment, VIP-immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies were localised in the choroid. The separate anatomical localisations and distributions of the two uveal peptides appear to be related to their different origins and functional roles in the response of the eye to noxious stimuli.
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