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  • 1
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    Study on physic-chemical parameters of waters for fish cage culture site selection in the southern of Caspian Sea (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Marine aquacultures growth require good quality water is leading to high efficiency and low risk to human health. In other words, the water quality is a critical factor to success and failure of the aquaculture industry. The aim of this project is to study water quality and the trophic status at the different depths and layers in the southern Caspian Sea based on environmental parameters and nutrients during three periods (2008, 2009 and 2010-2011) in order the feasibility of fish cage. Results showed that water temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen were varied 5.50-32.60 ̊C, 3.50- 10.00 m, 7.15-8.80 and 3.18-12.00 mg/l at the different depths and layers, respectively. In addition, The values of NH4+, NH3, NO2-, NO3- and PO4-3 were 0.001-0.140 mg/l, 0.01-22.63 µg/l, 0.1-21.2 µg/l, 0.001-0.423 mg/l and 0.008-0.071 mg/l, respectively. Inorganic nitrogen (DIN/N), inorganic phosphorous (DIP/P) and total phosphorous (TP) were registerd 0.68-14.75, 0.07-0.68 and 0.01-2.67 µM, respectively. Thermal startification are more important for fish-breeding. Thermal stratification was occurred from depths greater than 20 m in late spring to early fall in the Caspian Sea. Optimum transparency for fish farming cage was considered less than 5 meter which in this study were recorded from 20 to 50 meter depths. The range of the standard of pH and dissolved oxygen for fish farming cage were 7.80-8.50 and 〉5 mg /l that in current study results of pH and dissolved oxygen were consistent.Various forms of nitrogen (ammonium, nitrite and nitrate ) at the different layers were acceptable and less than the threshold limit of Australia and New Zealand. But, phosphate value was more than threshold limit of Australia and New Zealand at some layers depth during years of 2009 and 2010- 2011. The results of the nutrients compared with data from the reference year (1996-1996 ) in the Caspian Sea was shown that this ecosystem passed oligotrophic status and shifted to mezotrophic and eutrophic condition. In addition, the values of NH4/N, NO3/N and DIP/P compared with eutrophic condition of reference year (2005) showed that Caspian ecosystem was not passed euotrophic condition and it still under mezotrophic status. As a conclusion, it seems that offshore of the Caspian Sea (depths between 20 to 50 meter) were suitable for different species of fish for cage culture. But, since 2000 decayds the Caspian Sea has experienced four times algal bloom (toxic and harmful species) and in recent years a number of other species also has reached to bloom potential and also mezotrophic condition of this ecosystem, it is appropriate that the establishment of fish farming cages carried out as a pilot to more precautionary approach which not lead to environmental disaster.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Physico-chemical parameters ; Water ; Fish cage culture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 54pp.
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  • 2
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    Studying the impacts of the Rainbow Trout farms effluents on Sabzkooh River in Charmahal-va - Bakhtiari Province (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Sabzkooh in Ardal and Gandoman region in Charmahal province with annual production of 1300 metric tons of rainbow trout, is one of the most important rivers in the province. The effects of fish farms effluent on the river water quality and the possibilities to develop or limit the existing ones were studied. Flora and fauna of the river including Phyto and zooplankton, macroinvertebrates and fishes were sampled and studied. Moreover some key physico-chemical water quality parameters, concentrations of stable pollutants (heavy metals: Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd and agricultural poisons (herbicides or pesticides: DDT, Lindane, Alderine and indosulfate) and Coliform contamination were also measured. All phytoplankton genus were of tow taxa, Cianophyta and Chrysophyta and zooplankton fauna belonged to Rotatoria, Protozoa and meroplanktonic chirinomids and nematodes. Four fish species from 3 families were identified of which rainbow trout had the highest relative frequency (94.6%).All the measured heavy metals including Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd and the agricultural poisons concentrations such as DDT, Lindane, Alderine and indosulfate were lower than the hazardous level suggested for the surface waters. According to the benthic macroinvertebrates populations study, stations at downstream (no. 6 and 7) which received the Chartakhteh and Rudarud farms effluent had least EPT richness and the hilsenhof family level biotic index at this locations was greater than 5.25, classifying them as having organic pollution. Even though measured key physico-chemical parameters such as nutrients (N and P compounds and BOD5) in the receiving stations and effluent water never exceed the maximum permitted range but in downstream stations these factors were very close to the range. One way analyze of variance (P 95%) for TN, TP, No2, NH4, BOD5, pH, PO4 and Ec revealed no significant differences between stations before and just after receiving the effluents, however these parameters in the effluents themselves significantly differ from upstream stations 1,2 and 3 proving relatively lower organic pollution and the potential for constructing new farms or expanding the existed ones in upstream region from Chartagh to Dehnoo. At downstream from Dehnoo to Rudarud and lower parts, dense trout farm effluents in addition with point and non point pollution (municipal, agricultural and other coming run off from the catchments area) had remarkable effects on the river water quality and as a result no farm construction or expansion is recommended. To avoid or reduce the existing farms effects on the river system there should be certainly some remediation actions carried out. Constructing sedimentation ponds before releasing the effluents, obeying the rule of water extracting, preventing fish escape, increasing feeding efficiency and controlling the lateral inlets from catchments area which are potentially pollutant, should be considered to improve the situation and prevent further environmental problems caused by fish farms effluent in these area.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Physico-chemical ; Agricultural ; Rainbow trout ; Effluent ; Pollution ; Fauna ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Heavy metals ; Protozoa ; Lindane ; Alderine ; Indosulfate
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 85pp.
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  • 3
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    Short communication: Ecological classification of southern zones of the Caspian Sea (Mazandaran Province), based on CMECS model (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A coastal area is a confluence of land and marine ecosystems and includes the independent biological, ecological, and geological area. Increasing pressure on these areas can decrease the quality of marine habitats, and can even lead to the loss of sensitive habitats (Lund and Wilbur, 2007). In this regard, a “biotope” has been suggested as the most informative operational unit for research and management (Costello, 2009). These biotopes, however, have been specified by the dominant species; they depend on the seabed, they are stable, and sometimes are used synonymously with the word ecology (Madden et al., 2008).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ecology ; Surface geology ; Biotic cover ; CMECS model ; Ecological ; Classification
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.1246-1253
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  • 4
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    Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Ichthyoplankton abundance, Distribution and diversity investigation in the Iranian waters of the Oman Sea (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was carried out in the North of Oman Sea in parts of Iranian waters during pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons between 2007 and 2009. Number of 10 transects were chosen from coastal to maximum 50 meter depth. Cruise was done with Fredous ship and Rosette bottle multi watersampler was used for sampling. A phytoplankton community in the North of Oman Sea included in 204 species and divided in six taxonomic divisions: Bacillariophyceae (89 species), Dinophyceae (105species), Cyanophyceae (6species), Dicthyochophyceae (2species), Euglenaphyceae and silicoflagellate each (1species) respectively. Density decreased in most transects from inshore toward offshore waters and maximum density was in surface layear.Significant differences between each transects were found. Dinophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were dominant in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon respectively throughout two years. Important genuses of diatoms are Rhizosolenia, Chaetoceros, Pleurosigma, Coscinodiscus, Gyrosigma, Nitzscha, Navicula, and Leptocylindrus. And also there were Dinophyceae like: Scrippsiella, Pyrophacus, Gymnodinium, Pyrodinium, Prorocentrum, Cochlodinium, and Noctiluca. Phytoplankton density in the post-monsoon were recorded higher than pre-monsoon, furthermore phytoplankton density in 2009 was more than 2007. Cochlodinium polykrikoides density increased in 2009 especially in the pre-monsoon then dropped to post-monsoon season. Zooplankton population in this study is characterized by 8 phylum, 8 classes, 15 orders, 35 families and 78 genuses. Copepoda was the most abundant group of zooplankton and included in 4 orders of Cyclopoida, Calanoida, Poecilostomatoid and Harpacticoida. The static result showed significance among different transects layers and lines. In this study, 31 ichthyoplankton families with different density and distribution were recorded. In the pre-monsoon eight families was identified and Scainidaea family had the highest density and also in postmonsoon 6 families was classified in which scainidae was dominant family. In pre-monsoon 2009, we found 8 families that Pomacentridae family had higher density; Hemiramophidae was in the second position and followed by Clupeidae. In post-monsoon season density and diversity were increased and 23 families were recorded. Myctophidae family was the most abundant. The highest frequency there was other important families like Engraulidae, Synodontidae, Scainidae, and Leiognathidae in this period. Result of this study indicated that the monsoon was important and effect on abundance, distribution and species composition of plankton.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Iranian water ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Ichthyoplankton ; Abundance ; Distribution ; Diversity ; Sampling ; Bacillariophyceae ; Dinophyceae ; Cyanophyceae ; Dicthyochophyceae ; Euglenaphyceae ; Silicoflagellate ; Rhizosolenia ; Chaetoceros ; Pleurosigma ; Gyrosigma ; Nitzscha ; Leptocylindrus ; Leptocylindrus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 122pp.
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  • 5
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    Study on Macrobenthic communities in the range of fish cage-culture area (before breeding) in the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran coast-Kelarabad) (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The abundance and biomass of benthic macroinvertebrates were studied in the place of fish cage culture in southern coasts of Caspian sea (Mazandaran waters- kelarabad). The goal of this study was to consider of fish cage culture effects on the abundance and biomass of benthic macroinvertebrates. The sampling was carried out in 3 stations in depth of 20 meter of Kelarabad waters monthly. In this study 7 species were identified belonged to 5 genus of 4 family. Totally 23442 sample of benthic invertebrates were counted that the lowest and highest abundance were in station 1(23.4%) and station 2(46.8%) respectively. The results of stations study showed that the highest abundance and biomass were in stations 2 and 3 with the average of 646 ± 1230.4 n/m2 and 0.526 ± 1.001 gr/m2 respectively. This coulld be respectively dependant to not settling of cage (witness station) and appearance of Cerastoderma glaucum because of its large body in station 1. The difference of abundance and biomass between different stations was not significant (p ›0.05). The study on abundance and biomass in different seasons showed that the highest abundance in autumn with the avarage of 888.13 ± 1371.58 n/m2 belonged to Strblospio gynobranchiata and the highest biomass belonged to C. glaucum which was because of appearance of not native species of polychaeta and also the species with shell covering from bivalvia. The results showed that the specie of S. gynobranchiata from polychaeta including 93.3% of abundance was the dominant specie that could be related to appropriate ecological conditions for living and high adaptability.It was concluded that the abundance and biomass of benthic macroinvertebrates in station 1 was lower than other stations which was related to fish cage culture activity and its effects on benthic macroinvertebrates. So it is suggested that each mariculture activity in southern coasts of Caspian sea should be carried out with regarding to environmental considerations and performance of comparative evaluation project of environmental effects.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Marine Cages ; Benthic Macroinvertebrates ; Abundance ; Biomass ; Cerastoderma glaucum ; Strblospio gynobranchiata ; Species
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 38pp.
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  • 6
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    Ecological study on fisheries important rivers and bays in the south part of the Caspian Sea 2nd phase: Gorgan Bay (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this study ichthyoplankton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthics and hydrochemistry parameters were studied. 9 out of 11 sampling stations were in the Gorgan Bay area and 2 of them were in the mouth of the Bay. Ichthyoplankton survey were carried out in 6 stations and the other surveys such as phytoplankton, etc were done in 11 stations in 2009. Gorgan Bay map and position of sampling sites are given at the end of material and methods section. Biomass and frequency of phytoplankton at different stations, months and seasons were calculated that are presented in Tables 1 to 3. Hydro-chemical parameters such as water temperature, air temperature, visibility, DO, BOD5, pH, Alkalinity (bicarbonate, carbonate and total) , Hardness (calcium, magnesium), CL,EC, Salinity, N (nitrate, nitrite, NH3), Phosphate were measured and results are shown Table 11 . Biomass (mgr/m3) and numbers (ind./m3) of 47 genus of different phylum of phytoplanktons such as Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Pyrophyta, Chrysophyta and Euglenaphyta as well as different phylum of zooplanktons consist of Protozoa, Arthropoda, Rotifera and Cyliophora were estimated. Frequency of phytoplanktons (ind/m3) was 131.2, 1.6, 65.3, 18.9 and 23.8 millions respectively. Furthermore, their biomass was 308.4, 1.9, 1358.9, 295.1 and 124.7 mg/m3, respectively. The maximum and minimum numbers were observed in Leptolingbaya belonged to Cyanophyta and Diatoms of Chrysophyta 84.3 and 0.025 million ( ind/ m3) respectively. The maximum and minimum biomass was observed in Gyrosigma (Chrysophyta) and Tetradron (Chloropyta), 12317.3 and 0.014 mg/m3 respectively. The average biomass of zooplankton was measured 531.74, 30.77, 225.07, and 96.26 mg/m3 respectively and the total was attained 883.83 mg/m3 Table 5 . The maximum and minimum biomass of all zooplanktons was estimated in November and July, 3446.23 and 6 mg/m3 respectively. Furthermore, the maximum and minimum numbers of zooplanktons were found in September and July which were 48.4 and 0.002 millions respectively and the average number was 8.4 ind/m3 Table 4 . Also numbers and biomass (gr/m2) of 11 families of benthos which inhabit Gorgan Bay such as Annelida, Mollusca and Arthropoda were investigated in separated stations and distinctive months. The maximum and minimum biomass of benthos was observed in January (42.91 gr/m2) and March (0.6428 gr/m2). The biomass was considerable in April, February, August and December (Tables: 4, 5 and 6).
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Hydrochemistry ; Ecological study ; Fisheries ; Ichthyoplanktons ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Benthic ; Sampling ; Biomass ; Temperature ; Visibility ; pH ; Alkalinity ; Salinity ; Phosphate ; Cyanophyta ; Annelida ; Mollusca
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 97pp.
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  • 7
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    Applications of elemental fingerprinting for stock discrimination and biomonitoring potential assessment of a teleost fish species (Rutilus kutum) from the Caspian Sea (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this research, the potential use of five hard parts (otolith, scale, eye lens, dorsal spine, vertebral bone) of Rutilus kutum for stocks discrimination and biomonitoring as well as their usability as biological archive in the southern Caspian Sea was investigated. Two soft tissues (muscle and liver) were also analyzed for assessment of the possible risk of consumption and use as biomonitoring tool, respectively. A total of 60 specimens were collected using beach seine from three sampling sites (adjacent to the estuaries of the rivers Sefidrud, Tajan and Grorganrud, respectively) in the Southern Caspian Sea in May 2016. In total, the levels of 13 major and trace elements in the samples (the seven soft and hard tissues) was measured using PIXE (Proton Induced X-ray Emission) and µ-PIXE methods. Generally, the pattern of elements occurrence in the eye lens was considerably different compared to the other hard parts. The orders of element occurrence in the two soft tissues were largely similar, but Sr was not detectable in muscle. Ca, Fe, S, Cl and K could be detected in all the selected tissues, while Br was detectable only in otolith. Minor similarities among the tissues were observed in the case of eye lens (for P, S and Zn) and liver (for Cl, Fe and K). Whereas, in the case of Sr and Ca, otolith shows the maximum distance. On the other side, in the case of K, the soft and hard parts could be categorized into two completely separate groups. Generally, vertebral bone and liver showed the highest and lowest number of the correlation pairs, respectively. In case of all the hard parts, very strong correlations were found between S and Cl. Among them, all the correlations, except for eye lens, were positive. There were no significant relationships between the elements and biological characteristics (weight, total length and standard length). Based on the results, it seems that all the studied hard parts, except for eye lens, may offer alternatives for biomonitoring of Ca, Cl, Fe, K and S in the southern Caspian Sea. The scales and spines represent a potential non-lethal alternative to the other hard parts. However, since fish physiology regulates the uptake and incorporation of some elements, it is not clear that levels of all of the mentioned elements reflect their variability in the environment. Considering Sr level in otolith, no significant differences could be found between the sampling sites 2 and 3. So it can be concluded that the specimens collected from the two sites are probably from the same population. Similar results were also obtained based on the results concerning K accumulation in scale. It can be concluded that scales may provide an alternative structure to otolith for stock discrimination of R. kutum in the southern Caspian Sea. Considering the µ-PIXE elemental distribution maps and their comparison with the annual growth increments on the five hard parts, no clear patterns could be detected. In other words, the used the method seems to be not sensitive enough to characterize of the elements concentrations based on the growth patterns. Therefore, the capability of other analytical methods (with higher resolution) in clear differentiation of the growth patterns should be evaluated in future investigations. Among the 10 elements that were detectable in the muscle using the PIXE method, only in the case of four of them (i.e. Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) maximum allowable concentrations for human consumption have been defined, which in all the cases the mean concentrations in the present study were far below the recommended limits and accordingly it seems that in this regard there is no risk for human consumption of flesh of the fishes.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Kutum ; Stock discrimination ; Biomonitoring ; Fingerprinting ; PIXE ; Rutilus kutum
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 64pp.
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  • 8
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    Pleuronectiformes species identification along the Iranian coastline of the Persian Gulf (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Pleuronectiforme fishes of the Persian Gulf coastlines along Khuzestan, Bushehr and Hormozgan provinces were morphometrically and meristically studied from April 2003 to September 2005, in order to identify species. In this experiment, 1551 fish samples were caught by trawl or collected from fish markets. The sampling was carried out in 27 regions seasonally. Thirty six traits and parameters including 18 morphometric, 11 meristic, and 7 phenotype characters were determined. Data obtained from morphometric parameters were analyzed and dendrograms were designed using cluster method. Comparision of the biometric data with the checklist identification index of species show that there are 6 main and dominant families including: Bothidae, Psettodidae, Citharidae, Soleidae, Cynoglossidae and Paralichthyidae in the area. In addition, the identification of above- mentioned families indicated that 25 species in Khuzestan area, 19 species in Bushehr area and 16 species in Hormozgan area inhabit the coastal waters of the Persian Gulf. Meanwhile, 13 species from 5 families in Persian Gulf that have not been reported so far are identified and reported in this research. According to these results and comparing with other studies, 30 species from 6 families were identified in coastal waters in the Persian Gulf on Khuzestan, Bushehr and Hormozgan areas which is the most complete study in Persian Gulf.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Species identification ; Pleuronectiformes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.103-120
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  • 9
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    Systematic review of Anguilliformes order in Iranian Museums from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study focuses on Anguilliformes specimens revising which collected during 2006-08 in some Iranian museums. For this study, all museum samples from Iranian coastal waters of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea were investigated. The results indicated that species diversity in the Iranian waters can be classified into six families of Anguiliformes (Eels and Morays fishes). A total of 11 species - consisting of six families have been identified, of these the highest species diversity belongs to the Muraenidae with five genus and eight species. Also, there were two endemic species Muraenesox cienerus (Muraenesocidae) and Gymnothorax undulates (Muraenidae). More than ten rare species were the first report and record from Iranian territorial waters. There are Ichthyapus acuticeps, Synaphobranchus affinis, Strophidon sathete, Rhynomuraena quaestia, Gymnothorax johnsoni, G.kidako, Muraenesox bagio, Pseudoxenomystax albescens, Muraenesox talabonoides, and Conger cinereus cinereus.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biology ; Physiology ; Molecular ; Muraenesocidae ; Gymnothorax undulates ; Muraenidae ; Ichthyapus acuticeps ; Synaphobranchus affinis ; Strophidon sathete ; Rhynomuraena quaestia ; Gymnothorax johnsoni ; Muraenesox bagio ; Pseudoxenomystax albescens ; Muraenesox talabonoides ; Conger cinereus cinereus ; Systematic ; Anguilliformes ; Morphology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.407-426
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  • 10
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    Ichthyofauna of Gahar Lake and Gahar River, Lorestan Province, Iran (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: During a survey of Gahar Lake and Gahar River from 2008 to 2009 some specimen obtained by seasonal sampling in 6 stations, 3 stations in the lake and 3 stations in the river. Three different methods were used for sampling, gill net and hook in the lake and electrofishing in the river. Due to the results 3 species from 2 families in Gahar Lake and 12 species form 3 families in Gahar River were identified. Most of the fish species belonged to Cyprinidae and Salmonidae families. Distribution and abundance of species were recognized. Oncorhynchus mykiss in Gahar Lake and Capoeta damascina in Gahar River had the most abundance.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biology ; Physiology ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Capoeta damascina ; Ichthyofauna ; Salmonidae ; Cyprinidae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.886-894
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