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  • 1
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    Revisiting the Faroe Marine Ash Zone III in two Greenland ice cores: implications for marine-ice correlations (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-18
    Description: ABSTRACT Nineteen new Icelandic tephra layers are identified in NGRIP and NEEM ice spanning Greenland Interstadial-9 (GI-9) and the early phase of GI-8 (∼38 000–40 500 b2k). Fourteen tephras are identified in the NGRIP record and five direct correlatives are identified in NEEM, thus indicating the occurrence of 14 separate volcanic events. With two exceptions, the tephras are tholeiitic basalt in composition and despite having very similar geochemical signatures can, in most cases, be discriminated from one another using their TiO 2 values. All of these tephra layers fall within the compositional range of the Faroe Marine Ash Zone III (FMAZ III) deposit previously identified in ocean cores from the Faroes region and previously correlated to NGRIP 2066.95 m by Davies et al . ( ). Thus, the FMAZ III in the marine realm is most likely a complex ash zone that represents a series of closely timed Grimsvötn eruptions that, as yet, can only be stratigraphically separated in the high-resolution ice-core records. The geochemical signatures and stratigraphic positions of the new ice-core layers means that the FMAZ III tephra deposit, as currently defined in the marine realm, cannot be correlated to NGRIP 2066.95 m or any other ice-core tephra horizons preserved during this interval.
    Print ISSN: 0267-8179
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1417
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    Marine tephrochronology: an introduction to tracing time in the ocean (2014)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-17
    Description: Extract This volume represents a selection of papers presented at the Geological Society of London meeting ‘Marine Tephrochronology’, held at Burlington House, London, UK on 26 October 2011. The meeting itself was sponsored by the Geological Society of London's Marine Studies Group, with additional co-sponsorship from the Quaternary Research Association. The aim of this meeting was to bring together a wide range of speakers who would contribute evidence and data to illustrate the diverse range of tephrochronology applications, helping to spotlight recent advances in the field of marine tephrochronology. In particular, the motivation for the conference organizers resulted from their involvement in the SMART project (Synchronising Marine And ice-core Records using Tephrochronology) – one of the first systematic initiatives to investigate the cryptotephra record preserved within North Atlantic marine sequences (Abbott et al. 2011, 2013, 2014; Davies et al. in press). ... This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 3
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    Marine tephrochronology: an introduction to tracing time in the ocean (2014)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-31
    Description: Extract This volume represents a selection of papers presented at the Geological Society of London meeting ‘Marine Tephrochronology’, held at Burlington House, London, UK on 26 October 2011. The meeting itself was sponsored by the Geological Society of London's Marine Studies Group, with additional co-sponsorship from the Quaternary Research Association. The aim of this meeting was to bring together a wide range of speakers who would contribute evidence and data to illustrate the diverse range of tephrochronology applications, helping to spotlight recent advances in the field of marine tephrochronology. In particular, the motivation for the conference organizers resulted from their involvement in the SMART project (Synchronising Marine And ice-core Records using Tephrochronology) – one of the first systematic initiatives to investigate the cryptotephra record preserved within North Atlantic marine sequences (Abbott et al. 2011, 2013, 2014; Davies et al. in press). ... This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 4
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    Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-01
    Description: Protecting the world's freshwater resources requires diagnosing threats over a broad range of scales, from global to local. Here we present the first worldwide synthesis to jointly consider human and biodiversity perspectives on water security using a spatial framework that quantifies multiple stressors and accounts for downstream impacts. We find that nearly 80% of the world's population is exposed to high levels of threat to water security. Massive investment in water technology enables rich nations to offset high stressor levels without remedying their underlying causes, whereas less wealthy nations remain vulnerable. A similar lack of precautionary investment jeopardizes biodiversity, with habitats associated with 65% of continental discharge classified as moderately to highly threatened. The cumulative threat framework offers a tool for prioritizing policy and management responses to this crisis, and underscores the necessity of limiting threats at their source instead of through costly remediation of symptoms in order to assure global water security for both humans and freshwater biodiversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vorosmarty, C J -- McIntyre, P B -- Gessner, M O -- Dudgeon, D -- Prusevich, A -- Green, P -- Glidden, S -- Bunn, S E -- Sullivan, C A -- Liermann, C Reidy -- Davies, P M -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 30;467(7315):555-61. doi: 10.1038/nature09440.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Environmental CrossRoads Initiative, City University of New York, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10035, USA. contact@riverthreat.net〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20882010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods/*statistics & numerical data ; Fisheries ; Geography ; *Internationality ; Population Density ; *Rivers ; *Water Supply
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food Input and Energy Extraction Efficiency in Carassius auratus (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 198 (1963), S. 707-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Groups of six fish of approximately the same length (6-7 cm) were placed in 4 1. of ordinary tap water in small, polythene basin They were fed regularly, on alternate days, on a known wet weight of standard cultures of live Enchytraeus albidu Prior to the experiments, these groups of fish had been ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/198707a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of body weight and temperature on the maximum daily food consumption of Esox lucius (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 44 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1994.tb01592.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of invasive macrophytes on channel morphology and hydrology in an open tropical lowland stream, and potential control by riparian shading (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 39 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. The catchments of many tropical lowland streams in far north Queensland have been extensively cleared for the cultivation of sugar cane to the extent where very little of the native riparian vegetation remains. Stream channels are often choked by a matrix of introduced pasture grass (Brachiaria mutica, or para grass) and accumulated sediment from cropland erosion.2. Detailed transects across Bamboo Creek, a fourth order cane-land stream, revealed an estimated sediment load of 20 000 t km–1. This has resulted in an estimated 85% reduction in the predicted bankful discharge of the original stream channel. Channel capacity has been reduced from 2.3 times to 0.3 times the predicted Q50 flood discharge of 140 m3 s–1.3. Shade cloth treatments of 50% and 90% across the stream were used to mimic the effect of shading by riparian vegetation. Three months of shading resulted in a substantial reduction in the height and standing biomass of para grass in both shade treatments, compared to open plots (0% shade). The most dramatic effect was in the 90% treatment, where a mean reduction of 63% in height and 52% in total biomass was recorded. This was despite high net primary production of para grass in the open plots of 2.8 g dry wt m–2 day–1, which resulted in a overall increase of 11% and 28% in plant height and total biomass, respectively.4. These data suggest that restoration of native riparian vegetation will be an effective long-term means of controlling invasive macrophytes in disturbed cane-land stream channels. Reduction of excessive macrophyte growth and the mobilisation of accumulated sediment are essential to the restoration of natural hydrological and ecological processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1998.00264.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecosystem measures of river health and their response to riparian and catchment degradation (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Freshwater biology 41 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Measurements of ecological patterns are often used as primary biological indicators of river health. However, these patterns provide little information about important stream ecosystem processes (e.g. the sources and fate of energy and nutrients). The direct measurement of these processes is considered fundamental to the determination of the health of stream and river ecosystems.2. In this paper we used two basic approaches to assess stream ecosystem response to catchment disturbance and, particularly, to the loss of riparian vegetation in different forested biomes across Australia. Benthic gross primary production (GPP) and respiration (R24) provided measures of the amounts of organic carbon produced and consumed within the system, respectively. Stable isotope analysis was used to trace the fate of terrestrial and instream sources of organic matter in the aquatic food web. In a focal catchment in SE Queensland, additional measurements were taken of riparian attributes, catchment features and water quality.3. Baseline measurements of GPP and R24 from undisturbed forest streams provided reference values for healthy streams for comparison with sites where the catchment or riparian vegetation had been disturbed. These values of metabolism were low by world standards in all biomes examined. Preliminary data from the Mary River catchment in SE Queensland indicated that these parameters were sensitive to variations in riparian canopy cover and, to a lesser extent, catchment clearing, and predictive models were developed. The ratio P : R (GPP : R24) was used to determine whether sites were net consumers (P 〈 R) or producers (P 〉 R) of carbon but this was not considered a reliable indicator of stream health on its own.4. Although forest streams were typically net consumers of carbon (P 〈 〈 R), stable isotope analysis of metazoan food webs indicated a high dependence on inconspicuous epilithic algae in some biomes.5. A dramatic decline in the health of forest streams was observed when GPP substantially exceeded R24, especially when instream primary producers shifted from palatable unicellular algae to prolific filamentous green algae and macrophytes. These sources of instream production do not appear to enter aquatic food webs, either directly through grazing or indirectly through a detrital loop. Accumulation of these plants has led to changes in channel morphology, loss of aquatic habitat and often a major decline in water quality in some of the streams studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00434.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability of fish diets between dry and flood periods in an arid zone floodplain river (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc.
    Journal of fish biology 67 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The fish assemblages of an arid zone floodplain river, Cooper Creek, Queensland, Australia, were sampled during two dry periods in isolated waterholes and on the inundated floodplain during the early and late phase of a major flood event. Diets were described for nine native species and compared within and between dry and flood periods. In the dry season, when fishes were restricted to waterholes, diets were characteristically simple with narrow diet breadths. Movement onto the floodplain during flooding clearly increased feeding opportunities, with greater diet breadths evident in all species. Despite obvious potential for terrestrial inputs, diets tended to be dominated by aquatic resources in both the waterholes and on the floodplain. Stomach fullness, however, varied little between dry season waterhole and floodplain samples. Fishes appeared to feed on potentially lower value resources such as detritus and calanoid copepods during the dry season, when waterholes were isolated and food resources were limited. They were then able to capitalize on the ‘boom’ of aquatic production and more diverse food resources associated with episodic flood events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2005.00858.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal acclimation in temperate lizards (1978)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 275 (1978), S. 646-647 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Table 1 Photoperiod and night time temperature regimes used in the seasonal acclimation study Climatic type Warm temperate Cool temperate* Night time temperature Photoperiod (light: dark) Night time temperature Photoperiod (light: dark) (C) (h) (C) (h) Spring 10 13:11 5 13.75:10.25 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/275646a0
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