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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesen, Strukturen und thermische Abbaureaktionen von TlI-, PbII- und SeII-Komplexen mit 2,2-Dicyanethylen-1,1-diselenolat (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 1565-1570 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diselenolates ; Thallium complexes ; Lead complexes ; Selenium complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparation, Structures, and Thermal Decomposition Reactions of Complexes Consisting of TlI, PbII, and SeII and 2,2-Dicyanoethylene-1,1-diselenolateThe 2,2-dicyanoethylene-1,1-diselenolate-containing compounds (AsPh4)2[Tl2(Se2C=C(CN)2)2], (AsPh4)2[Pb(Se2C=C-(CN)2)2], and (NBu4)2[Se(Se2C=C(CN)2)2] have been prepared and characterized by single-crystal structure analysis. The molecular structures of the complex anions 1-3 are significantly influenced by the presence of stereochemically active lone pairs. 1 is dimeric with an Se4Tl2 octahedral centre with a Tl-Tl distance of 3.547(4) Å and an average Tl-Se bond length of 3.143(4) Å. In 2 Pb constitutes the centre of a distorted pseudo-trigonal bipyramid PbSe4E [Pb-Seave = 2.948(3) Å] with one equatorial position obviously occupied by the lonepair E. In 3 the ligands are coordinated to the central Se, which is situated in a centre of symmetry, in an undistorted way giving rise to a Ψ-octahedral SeSe4E2 geometry [Se-Seave = 2.617(2) Å]. The compounds (AsPh4)2 · 1, (AsPh4)2 · 2 and (NBu4)2 · 3 have been decomposed thermally to yield TlSe, PbSe as well as Se. The observed contamination of TlSe and PbSe with As is avoided by using (NBu4)2 · 1 and (NBu4)2 · 2 as precursor materials.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19921250709
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neue dimere Goldselenolate: Darstellung und strukturelle Charakterisierung von [(n-C4H9)4N]2[AuSSeC=C(CN)2]2 und [(n-C4H9)4N]2[AuSe2C=C(CN)2]2Herrn Professor Wolfgang Beck zum 60. Geburtstage gewidmet (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 611 (1992), S. 81-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Gold complexes ; preparation ; crystal structures ; ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: New Dimeric Gold Selenolates: Preparation and Characterization of [(n-C4H9)4N]2[AuSSeC = C(CN)2]2 and [(n-C4H9)4N]2[AuSe2C = C(CN)2]2The preparation and structural characterization of the dimeric AuI complexes of 1,1-dicyanoethene-2,2-thioseleonlate (i-mnts) and 1,1-dicyanoethene-2,2-diselenolate (i-mns), isolated as Bu4N salts, are described. They are isotype (monoclinic, space group P21/c, Z = 2) with lattice parameters: (Bu4N)2[Au(i-mnts)]2; a = 14.078(3) Å, b = 8.912(3) Å, c = 20.142(4) Å, β = 106.32(5)°; (Bu4N)2[Au(i-mns)]2; a = 13.998(3) Å, b = 9.125(3) Å, c = 20.039(2) Å, β = 105.12(5)°. Ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations based on the experimentally determined structure yield a positive value of the Au—Au bonding order suggesting weak bonding interactions between the d10 metal centres.
    Notes: Die Darstellung und Strukturaufklärung der als Bu4N-Salze (Bu = n-C4H9) isolierten dimeren AuI-Komplexe des 1,1-Dicyanoethen-2,2-thioselenolats (i-mnts) und des 1,1-Dicyanoethen-2,2-diselenolats (i-mns) werden beschrieben. Sie kristallisieren zueinander isotyp (monoklin, Raumgruppe P21/c, Z = 2) mit folgenden Gitterkonstanten: (Bu4N)2[Au(i-mnts)]2; a = 14,078(3) Å, b = 8,912(3) Å, c = 20,142(4) Å β = 106,32(5)°; (Bu4N)2[Au(i-mns)]2; a = 13,998(3) Å, b = 9,125(3) Å, c = 20,039(2) Å, β = 105,12(5)°. Ab-initio-Hartree-Fock-Rechnungen unter Zugrundelegung der experimentell bestimmten Geometrie mit Kristallfeldsimulation liefern einen positiven Wert der Au—Au-Bindungsordnung, der darauf hindeutet, daß der kurze Au—Au-Abstand (2,810(1) äR) auf schwache bindende Wechselwirkungen zwischen den d10-Metallzentren zurückgeführt werden kann.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19926110513
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  • 3
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    Operationalizing Ocean Health: Toward Integrated Research on Ocean Health and Recovery to Achieve Ocean Sustainability (2020)
    Cell Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-01
    Electronic ISSN: 2590-3322
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Published by Cell Press
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  • 4
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    Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate administration during early life: effects on performance, immunity and microbial community of European sea bass yolk-sac larvae (2017)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-08
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
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    Neue dimere Goldselenolate: Darstellung und strukturelle Charakterisierung von [(n-C4H9)4N]2[AuSSeC?C(CN)2]2 und [(n-C4H9)4N]2[AuSe2C?C(CN)2]2 (1992)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    The sponge holobiont in a changing ocean: from microbes to ecosystems (2018)
    BioMed Central
    In:  Microbiome, 6 (1). Art.Nr. 46.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-19
    Description: The recognition that all macroorganisms live in symbiotic association with microbial communities has opened up a new field in biology. Animals, plants, and algae are now considered holobionts, complex ecosystems consisting of the host, the microbiota, and the interactions among them. Accordingly, ecological concepts can be applied to understand the host-derived and microbial processes that govern the dynamics of the interactive networks within the holobiont. In marine systems, holobionts are further integrated into larger and more complex communities and ecosystems, a concept referred to as “nested ecosystems.” In this review, we discuss the concept of holobionts as dynamic ecosystems that interact at multiple scales and respond to environmental change. We focus on the symbiosis of sponges with their microbial communities—a symbiosis that has resulted in one of the most diverse and complex holobionts in the marine environment. In recent years, the field of sponge microbiology has remarkably advanced in terms of curated databases, standardized protocols, and information on the functions of the microbiota. Like a Russian doll, these microbial processes are translated into sponge holobiont functions that impact the surrounding ecosystem. For example, the sponge-associated microbial metabolisms, fueled by the high filtering capacity of the sponge host, substantially affect the biogeochemical cycling of key nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous. Since sponge holobionts are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic stressors that jeopardize the stability of the holobiont ecosystem, we discuss the link between environmental perturbations, dysbiosis, and sponge diseases. Experimental studies suggest that the microbial community composition is tightly linked to holobiont health, but whether dysbiosis is a cause or a consequence of holobiont collapse remains unresolved. Moreover, the potential role of the microbiome in mediating the capacity for holobionts to acclimate and adapt to environmental change is unknown. Future studies should aim to identify the mechanisms underlying holobiont dynamics at multiple scales, from the microbiome to the ecosystem, and develop management strategies to preserve the key functions provided by the sponge holobiont in our present and future oceans.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
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    Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate administration during early life: effects on performance, immunity and microbial community of European sea bass yolk-sac larvae (2017)
    Nature Research
    In:  Scientific Reports, 7 (1). Art.No. 15022.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-18
    Description: The reliable production of marine fish larvae is one of the major bottlenecks in aquaculture due to high mortalities mainly caused by infectious diseases. To evaluate if the compound poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) might be a suitable immunoprophylactic measure in fish larviculture, its capacity to improve immunity and performance in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) yolk-sac larvae was explored. PHB was applied from mouth opening onwards to stimulate the developing larval immune system at the earliest possible point in time. Larval survival, growth, microbiota composition, gene expression profiles and disease resistance were assessed. PHB administration improved larval survival and, furthermore, altered the larva-associated microbiota composition. The bacterial challenge test using pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum revealed that the larval disease resistance was not influenced by PHB. The expression profiles of 26 genes involved e.g. in the immune response showed that PHB affected the expression of the antimicrobial peptides ferritin (fer) and dicentracin (dic), however, the response to PHB was inconsistent and weaker than previously demonstrated for sea bass post-larvae. Hence, the present study highlights the need for more research focusing on the immunostimulation of different early developmental stages for gaining a more comprehensive picture and advancing a sustainable production of high quality fry.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    Immunostimulatory effects of dietary poly-β-hydroxybutyrate in European sea bass postlarvae (2017)
    Wiley
    In:  Aquaculture Research, 48 (12). pp. 5707-5717.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: The stable production of high-quality fry in marine aquaculture is still hampered by unpredictable mortality caused by infectious diseases during larval rearing. Consequently, the development of new biocontrol agents is crucial for a viable aquaculture industry. The bacterial energy storage compound poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) has been shown to exhibit beneficial properties on aquatic organisms such as enhanced survival, growth, disease resistance and a controlling effect on the gastrointestinal microbiota. However, the effect of PHB on the developing immune system of fish larvae has so far not been investigated. In this study, the effect of feeding PHB-enriched Artemia nauplii on survival, growth and immune response in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) postlarvae was examined. Amorphous PHB was administered to 28-day-old sea bass postlarvae over a period of 10 days. The survival and growth performance were monitored, and the expression of 29 genes involved in immunity, growth, metabolism and stress-response was measured. While the expression of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf1), an indicator of relative growth, was upregulated in response to feeding PHB, the larval survival and growth performance remained unaffected. After 10 days of PHB treatment, the expression of the antimicrobial peptides dicentracin (dic) and hepcidin (hep) as well as mhc class IIa and mhc class IIb was elevated in the PHB fed postlarvae. This indicates that PHB is capable of stimulating the immune system of fish early life stages, which may be the cause of the increased resistance to diseases and robustness observed in previous studies.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    Density measurements of flatfish eggs (2011)
    In:  Data Report FeBEC in cooperation with Orbicon A/S and DTU Aqua . UNSPECIFIED, 55 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-16
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    Does poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate stimulate the immune system of European sea bass larvae? (2015)
    In:  [Poster] In: Aquaculture Europe Conference 2015, 20.-23.10.2015, Rotterdam, Netherlands .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-22
    Description: Introduction Various probiotics and immunostimulants have been shown to enhance the immune response and alter the disease resistance of aquaculture organisms. The bacterial energy storage compound poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) for example improves resistance against pathogenic infections in shrimp (Laranja et al., 2014) and exhibits a controlling effect on the gut microbiota of juvenile sea bass which may result in the stimulation of immune functions (De Schryver et al., 2011). These properties might be of special importance for culturing early life stages since their immune system is not yet fully developed. Therefore, we assessed the potential immunostimulating effect of PHB in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae in our study. Materials and methods We used rotifers as live carriers to feed PHB-accumulating bacteria (Alcaligenes eutrophus) to first-feeding larvae over a period of 14 days. Bacteria with a low (2.5%) and a high (75%) PHB content were used, respectively. Apart from the dose effect, we wanted to determine to which extend the point in time of the PHB administration matters. Therefore, PHB was added (in some experimental groups) directly to the water from the moment of mouth opening onwards. This led to the following experimental groups: 1) early and 2) later stimulation with a low PHB level, 3) early and 4) later stimulation with a high PHB level and 5) a control without any PHB. To estimate the immediate impact of PHB, larval mortality rates were monitored daily over the course of the experiment. Furthermore, larvae were sampled the first time after being fed for 3 days with PHB encapsulated in rotifers (and 5 days of PHB water treatment) and the second time after 14 days PHB via rotifers (and 16 days of PHB water treatment), respectively. Results and discussion Larval mortality rates were found to be the highest in the control group. During both sampling points larvae were slightly smaller and weighed less in the control group. The analysis of the gene expression profiles revealed that only certain immune genes such as cytokines (Interleukin-1ß, Interleukin 8 and TNFα) were affected by the PHB treatment. The data indicate that the application of PHB can provide a beneficial effect to sea bass larviculture in terms of higher survival rates. But further studies are required to verify the impact on the developing immune system of the larvae.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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