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  • 1
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    Structural analysis of extended Australian continental crust: Capel and Faust basins, Lord Howe Rise (2014)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-22
    Description: The Capel and Faust basins (northern Lord Howe Rise) are located in the SW Pacific between Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. New seismic, gravity, magnetic and bathymetry data and rock samples have enabled the construction of a three-dimensional geological model providing insights into the crustal architecture and basin stratigraphy. Multiple large depocentres up to 150 km long and 40 km wide, containing over 6 km of sediment, have been identified. These basins probably evolved through two major Early Cretaceous rifting episodes leading to the final break-up of the eastern Gondwanan margin. Pre-break-up plate restorations and potential field data suggest that pre-rift basement is a collage of several discrete terranes, including a Palaeozoic orogen, pre-rift sedimentary basins and rift-precursor igneous rocks. It is likely that a pre-existing NW-trending basement fabric, inherited from the New England Orogen (onshore eastern Australia), had a strong influence on the evolution of basin architecture. This basement fabric was subjected to oblique rifting along an east–west vector in the ?Early Cretaceous to Cenomanian and NE–SW-oriented orthogonal rifting in the ?Cenomanian to Campanian. This has resulted in three structural provinces in the study area: Eastern Flank, Central Belt and Western Flank.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 2
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    A genomic regulatory element that directs assembly and function of immune-specific AP-1-IRF complexes (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-18
    Description: Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and IRF8 regulate B, T, macrophage, and dendritic cell differentiation. They are recruited to cis-regulatory Ets-IRF composite elements by PU.1 or Spi-B. How these IRFs target genes in most T cells is enigmatic given the absence of specific Ets partners. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing in T helper 17 (T(H)17) cells reveals that IRF4 targets sequences enriched for activating protein 1 (AP-1)-IRF composite elements (AICEs) that are co-bound by BATF, an AP-1 factor required for T(H)17, B, and dendritic cell differentiation. IRF4 and BATF bind cooperatively to structurally divergent AICEs to promote gene activation and T(H)17 differentiation. The AICE motif directs assembly of IRF4 or IRF8 with BATF heterodimers and is also used in T(H)2, B, and dendritic cells. This genomic regulatory element and cognate factors appear to have evolved to integrate diverse immunomodulatory signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glasmacher, Elke -- Agrawal, Smita -- Chang, Abraham B -- Murphy, Theresa L -- Zeng, Wenwen -- Vander Lugt, Bryan -- Khan, Aly A -- Ciofani, Maria -- Spooner, Chauncey J -- Rutz, Sascha -- Hackney, Jason -- Nurieva, Roza -- Escalante, Carlos R -- Ouyang, Wenjun -- Littman, Dan R -- Murphy, Kenneth M -- Singh, Harinder -- RC1 AI087266/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RC4 AI092765/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 16;338(6109):975-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1228309. Epub 2012 Sep 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, Incorporated, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22983707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Humans ; Immunomodulation/*genetics ; Interferon Regulatory Factors/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional ; Th17 Cells/*immunology ; Transcription Factor AP-1/*metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    NRROS negatively regulates reactive oxygen species during host defence and autoimmunity (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-18
    Description: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by phagocytes are essential for host defence against bacterial and fungal infections. Individuals with defective ROS production machinery develop chronic granulomatous disease. Conversely, excessive ROS can cause collateral tissue damage during inflammatory processes and therefore needs to be tightly regulated. Here we describe a protein, we termed negative regulator of ROS (NRROS), which limits ROS generation by phagocytes during inflammatory responses. NRROS expression in phagocytes can be repressed by inflammatory signals. NRROS-deficient phagocytes produce increased ROS upon inflammatory challenges, and mice lacking NRROS in their phagocytes show enhanced bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Conversely, these mice develop severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis owing to oxidative tissue damage in the central nervous system. Mechanistically, NRROS is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, where it directly interacts with nascent NOX2 (also known as gp91(phox) and encoded by Cybb) monomer, one of the membrane-bound subunits of the NADPH oxidase complex, and facilitates the degradation of NOX2 through the endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation pathway. Thus, NRROS provides a hitherto undefined mechanism for regulating ROS production--one that enables phagocytes to produce higher amounts of ROS, if required to control invading pathogens, while minimizing unwanted collateral tissue damage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Noubade, Rajkumar -- Wong, Kit -- Ota, Naruhisa -- Rutz, Sascha -- Eidenschenk, Celine -- Valdez, Patricia A -- Ding, Jiabing -- Peng, Ivan -- Sebrell, Andrew -- Caplazi, Patrick -- DeVoss, Jason -- Soriano, Robert H -- Sai, Tao -- Lu, Rongze -- Modrusan, Zora -- Hackney, Jason -- Ouyang, Wenjun -- England -- Nature. 2014 May 8;509(7499):235-9. doi: 10.1038/nature13152. Epub 2014 Apr 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA [2] Flexus Biosciences, 75 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, California 94070, USA (R.N.); American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 11200 Rockville Pike, Suite 302, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA (P.A.V.). ; Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24739962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoimmunity/genetics ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology ; Central Nervous System/metabolism/pathology ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/*immunology/*metabolism/pathology ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/enzymology/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*immunology ; Female ; Inflammation/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Listeria monocytogenes/*immunology ; Macrophages/cytology/enzymology/immunology/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; NADPH Oxidase/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; Phagocytes/cytology/immunology/metabolism ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of ^8^6Rb^+ and ^2^2Na^+ efflux of ehrlich lettre tumor cells by Ca^2^+
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 176 (1976), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(76)90138-7
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photorespiration and productivity rates of a coral reef algal turf assemblage (1988)
    Springer
    Marine biology 98 (1988), S. 483-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In studies conducted from 1982 to 1983, productivity (14C uptake) of a coral reef algal-turf assemblage was unaffected by oxygen concentration but decreased when pH rose, probably in response to declining CO2 and HCO 3 - supplies. Release of prefixed 14C was substantially lower in the light than in the dark and was unaffected by oxygen concentration. Release of organic prefixed 14C was greater in the light than in darkness. Total CO2 compensation-points were low, showing no consistent response to oxygen or the photorespiratory inhibitor alpha-hydroxy-2-pyridine-methanesulfonic acid (HPMS). Oxygen has little if any influence upon turf productivity, which was high in comparison to other benthic algae. Decreases in net carbon-fixation rates of this turf more likely result from decreased photosynthesis than increased photorespiration, which is either not significant in turf metabolism under natural conditions or is compensated by efficient refixation of respired carbon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391539
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of hydrodynamic environment on composition and macromolecular organization of structural polysaccharides in Egregia menziesii cell walls (1994)
    Springer
    Planta 192 (1994), S. 461-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Alginate ; Cellulose ; Cell wall ; Crystalline allomorphs ; Hydrodynamics ; Phaeophyta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To test whether secondary and tertiary structures of marine-algal structural polysaccharides may be altered during adaptive responses to hydrodynamic stresses, juvenile Egregia menziesii (Turn.) Aresch. sporophytes were cultured under three different regimes: (i) low-energy (LE) specimens were subjected to water motion produced by standard bubbling and circulation of tank water; (ii) high-energy (HE) specimens received additional movement in pumped streams of water; and (iii) stretched (STR) specimens were grown under low-energy conditions but also were subjected to constant, longitudinal tension (0.7 N). After 6–10 weeks growth, cell-wall structural polysaccharides from specimen blades were isolated by solubilizing less-ordered matrix polysaccharides. Neutral-sugar and uronic acid contents of these isolates were measured, and samples were analyzed by x-ray diffraction and by Raman and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. On average, structural polysaccharides formed about 7.2% of dry-weight biomass. The portion of isolated mass accountable to neutral sugars ranged from an average of 85% for STR sporophytes to 94% for both LE and HE specimens. For all specimens, glucose composed an average of 99% of this fraction. Uronic acids could not be detected in isolates from any treatment group. Cellulose dominance in each isolate was indicated clearly in x-ray diffraction patterns and in Raman and 13C-NMR spectra. These data further demonstrated that both the cellulose I allomorph and the disordered form of the polymer were present in each isolate and that the STR isolate contained small quantities of the cellulose II allomorph. In general, the LE and HE samples had very similar crystallinity; lateral order was slightly more developed in LE samples. However, the STR treatment produced cellulose with lowest crystallinity and least lateral order. Results suggest that mechanical stress modified cellulose crystallinity in these kelps by altering levels of disordered cellulose and lateral dimensions of cellulose crystallites and, in one instance, changed the crystallinity qualitatively. Physical disturbances to cell plasma membranes may have instigated these trends. In the STR specimens in particular, such disturbances might have been supplemented by fundamental changes to kelp physiology, affecting both substantial decreases in crystallinity and production of the cellulose II allomorph. Changes in the nature of the cellulose cannot, however, account for changes in the elastic moduli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203583
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of chemical treatments and heating on the crystallinity of celluloses and their implications for evaluating the effect of crystallinity on cellulose biodegradation (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 48 (1995), S. 169-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: biopdegradation ; cellulose ; crystallinity ; x-ray diffraction ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Chemical treatments similar to those routinely used to extract cellulose from plant biomass caused significant increases in the relative crystallinity index (RCI) of Sig-macell 100 (a commercial cellulose of moderate crystallinity), as measured by x-ray powder diffraction in both the reflectance and transmittance modes. In general, the largest increases in RCI were observed following higher (rather than lower) temperature treatments. Substantial increases in crystalliity were also observed upon resuspension in water prior to drying, with higher temperatures again resulting in the greatest increases in RCI. Measurement of the RCIs of wetted Sigmacell 100 samples by acid hydrolysis kinetics revealed that most of the increased crystallinity occurred rapidly upon contact with water. In contrast to Sigmacell 100, a cellulose of higher initial crystallinity (the microcrystalline cellulose Sigmacell 50) showed little change in crystallinity following the above treatments. The results provide a partial explanation for the inconsistent relationships reported between cellulose crystallinity and cellulose biodegradation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260480211
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  • 8
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    A molecular profile of a hematopoietic stem cell niche (2002)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-11
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    ReportingTools: an automated result processing and presentation toolkit for high-throughput genomic analyses (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-29
    Description: : It is common for computational analyses to generate large amounts of complex data that are difficult to process and share with collaborators. Standard methods are needed to transform such data into a more useful and intuitive format. We present ReportingTools, a Bioconductor package, that automatically recognizes and transforms the output of many common Bioconductor packages into rich, interactive, HTML-based reports. Reports are not generic, but have been individually designed to reflect content specific to the result type detected. Tabular output included in reports is sortable, filterable and searchable and contains context-relevant hyperlinks to external databases. Additionally, in-line graphics have been developed for specific analysis types and are embedded by default within table rows, providing a useful visual summary of underlying raw data. ReportingTools is highly flexible and reports can be easily customized for specific applications using the well-defined API. Availability : The ReportingTools package is implemented in R and available from Bioconductor (version ≥ 2.11) at the URL: http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/ReportingTools.html . Installation instructions and usage documentation can also be found at the above URL. Contact : hackney.jason@gene.com or kaminker.josh@gene.com
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Photorespiration and productivity rates of a coral reef algal turf assemblage (1988)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0025-3162
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1793
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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