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Journal of the American Chemical Society: JACS

American Chemical Society | ACS Publications

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1.1879 –

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Publisher: American Chemical Society , ACS Publications

Print ISSN: 0002-7863

Electronic ISSN: 1520-5126

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

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The fate of microplastics in the marine isopod Idotea emarginata (2014)

Hämer, Julia ; Gutow, Lars ; Köhler, Angela ; [et al.]

American Chemical Society

In: EPIC3Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society, 48, pp. 13451-13458, ISSN: 0013-936X

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Publication Date: 2014-11-21

Description: Plastic pollution is an emerging global threat for marine wildlife. Many species of birds, reptiles and fishes are directly impaired by plastics as they can get entangled in ropes and drown or they can ingest plastic fragments which, in turn, may clog their stomachs and guts. Microplastics of less than 1 mm can be ingested by small invertebrates but their fate in the digestive organs and their effects on the animals are yet not well understood. We embedded fluorescent microplastics in artificial agarose-based food and offered the food to marine isopods, Idotea emarginata. The isopods did not distinguish between food with and food without microplastics. Upon ingestion, the microplastics were present in the stomach and in the gut but not in the tubules of the midgut gland which is the principal organ of enzyme-secretion and nutrient resorption. The feces contained the same concentration of micro-plastics as the food which indicates that no accumulation of microplastics happens during the gut passage. Long-term bioassays of six weeks showed no distinct effects of continu¬ous micro-plastic consumption on mortality, growth, and intermolt duration. I. emarginata are able to prevent intrusion of particles even smaller than 1 µm into the midgut gland which is facilitated by the complex structure of the stomach including a fine filter system. It separates the midgut gland tubules from the stomach and allows only the passage of fluids and chyme. Our results indicate that micro¬plastics, as administered in the experi¬ments, do not clog the digestive organs of isopods and do not have adverse effects on their life history parameters.

Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Type: Article , isiRev

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Comparison of Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for the Quantification of Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment (2018)

Cabernard, Livia ; Roscher, Lisa ; Lorenz, Claudia ; [et al.]

American Chemical Society

In: EPIC3Environmental Science & Technology, American Chemical Society, 52(22), pp. 13279-13288

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Publication Date: 2019-03-13

Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Type: Article , isiRev

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Rapid Identification and Quantification of Microplastics in the Environment by Quantum Cascade Laser-Based Hyperspectral Infrared Chemical Imaging (2020)

Primpke, Sebastian ; Godejohann, Matthias ; Gerdts, Gunnar

American Chemical Society

In: EPIC3Environmental Science & Technology, American Chemical Society, 54(24), pp. 15893-15903, ISSN: 0013-936X

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Publication Date: 2021-04-08

Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Type: Article , isiRev

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Glucose as a potential chemical marker for ice nucleating activity in Arctic seawater samples. (2019)

Zeppenfeld, S. ; von Pnxteren, M. ; Hartmann, M. ; [et al.]

American Chemical Society

In: EPIC3Environmental Science & Technology, American Chemical Society, 53, pp. 8747-8756, ISSN: 1520-5851

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Publication Date: 2020-06-04

Description: Recent studies pointed to a high ice nucleating activity (INA) in the Arctic sea surface microlayer (SML). However, related chemical information is still sparse. In the present study, INA and free glucose concentrations were quantified in Arctic SML and bulk water samples from the marginal ice zone, the ice-free ocean, melt ponds, and open waters within the ice pack. T50 (defining INA) ranged from −17.4 to −26.8 °C. Glucose concentrations varied from 0.6 to 51 μg/L with highest values in the SML from the marginal ice zone and melt ponds (median 16.3 and 13.5 μg/L) and lower values in the SML from the ice pack and the ice-free ocean (median 3.9 and 4.0 μg/L). Enrichment factors between the SML and the bulk ranged from 0.4 to 17. A positive correlation was observed between free glucose concentration and INA in Arctic water samples (T50(°C) = (−25.6 ± 0.6) + (0.15 ± 0.04)·Glucose(μg/L), RP = 0.66, n = 74). Clustering water samples based on phytoplankton pigment composition resulted in robust but different correlations within the four clusters (RP between 0.67 and 0.96), indicating a strong link to phytoplankton-related processes. Since glucose did not show significant INA itself, free glucose may serve as a potential tracer for INA in Arctic water samples.

Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Type: Article , isiRev

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A Method for Continuous 239Pu Determinations in Arctic and Antarctic Ice Cores (2016)

Arienzo, Monica ; McConnell, J.R. ; Chellman, N. ; [et al.]

American Chemical Society

In: EPIC3Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society, 50(13), pp. 7066-7073, ISSN: 0013936X

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Publication Date: 2016-10-12

Description: Atmospheric nuclear weapons testing (NWT) resulted in the injection of plutonium (Pu) into the atmosphere and subsequent global deposition. We present a new method for continuous semiquantitative measurement of 239Pu in ice cores, which was used to develop annual records of fallout from NWT in ten ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica. The 239Pu was measured directly using an inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometer, thereby reducing analysis time and increasing depth-resolution with respect to previous methods. To validate this method, we compared our one year averaged results to published 239Pu records and other records of NWT. The 239Pu profiles from the Arctic ice cores reflected global trends in NWT and were in agreement with discrete Pu profiles from lower latitude ice cores. The 239Pu measurements in the Antarctic ice cores tracked low latitude NWT, consistent with previously published discrete records from Antarctica. Advantages of the continuous 239Pu measurement method are (1) reduced sample preparation and analysis time; (2) no requirement for additional ice samples for NWT fallout determinations; (3) measurements are exactly coregistered with all other chemical, elemental, isotopic, and gas measurements from the continuous analytical system; and (4) the long half-life means the 239Pu record is stable through time.

Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Type: Article , isiRev

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	Online:	1(1).1968 –
	Print:	26.1993 – 30.1997	(Location: A17, Archiv, Magazin, 30/5)