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  • 1
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: Environmental changes occur at a global level and are enhanced by human activities, with significant impacts on natural ecosystems by affecting the temperature, nutrient load and input of organic debris in freshwater bodies or aquatic systems. In the first section, we investigated the impacts of increased temperature, nutrient input, predation by fish and a reduction in organic detritus on the community of testate amoebae, rotifers and periphytic cladocerans over 49 experimental days. The second section analyzed the effects of increased temperature, nutrient input and reduced organic detritus on the testate amoeba community during 160 experimental days. The experiments were carried out in mesocosms with three temperature conditions: control (referring to the ambient temperature), constant increase of +4°C and fluctuation between 2°C and 6°C above the control, with and without enrichment by nitrogen and phosphorus, and reduction of organic detritus, controlled by previous additions of this detritus. In relation to the results of the first section, the density of the groups analyzed was significantly impacted by the increase in temperature, while the other stressors explored in this work did not represent a significant influence on the abundance of the communities. As for community composition, the presence of nutrients had a more predominant impact on community structure, although specific species distribution patterns were not identified. For the second section, it was evident that warming resulted in a reduction in species diversity (demonstrated by the Shannon index), with a tendency for species richness to decrease in the face of this stressor. On the other hand, nutrient enrichment was responsible for an increase in richness, with time being a relevant factor in this context. As for changes in community density, nutrients and time emerged as the main factors influencing these changes. Analysis of species diversity using the Shannon index revealed greater diversity in the temperature control treatments, with time exerting a significant influence on community structure throughout the experiment. For species composition, the βtotal diversity analysis highlighted the importance of temperature, presence of detritus and time. The βrepl and βrich components were notably affected by temperature and time, indicating changes in species identity.
    Description: Alterações ambientais ocorrem em níveis globais e são potencializadas por atividades humanas, apresentando impactos expressivos nos ecossistemas naturais ao afetar a temperatura, a carga de nutrientes e o aporte de detritos orgânicos dos corpos de água doce/ ou sistemas aquáticos. Deste modo, investigou-se os impactos do aumento de temperatura, da entrada de nutrientes, da predação por peixes e da redução de detritos orgânicos na comunidade de amebas testáceas, rotíferos e cladóceros perifíticos por 49 dias experimentais. Analisou-se os efeitos do aumento da temperatura, aporte de nutrientes e diminuição de detritos orgânicos na comunidade de amebas testáceas durante 160 dias experimentais. Os experimentos foram realizados em mesocosmos com três condições de temperatura: controle (referente à temperatura ambiente), aumento constante de +4°C e flutuação entre 2°C e 6°C acima do controle, com e sem enriquecimento por nitrogênio e fósforo, e redução de detritos orgânicos, controlado por adições prévias deste detrito. Em relação aos resultados, a densidade dos grupos analisados foi significativamente impactada pelo aumento da temperatura, enquanto os demais estressores explorados neste trabalho não representaram uma influência significativa para a abundância das comunidades. Quanto à composição das comunidades, a presença de nutrientes teve um impacto de maior predominância na estrutura da comunidade, embora padrões específicos de distribuição de espécies não tenham sido identificados. Em evidência, destaca-se que o aquecimento resultou na redução da diversidade de espécies (demonstrada pelo índice de Shannon), com tendência de diminuição da riqueza de espécies frente a este estressor. Em contrapartida, o enriquecimento por nutrientes foi responsável pelo aumento da riqueza, sendo o tempo um fator relevante nesse contexto. Quanto às alterações na densidade da comunidade, os fatores nutrientes e tempo emergiram como os principais influenciadores dessas mudanças. A análise da diversidade de espécies utilizando o índice de Shannon, revelou maiores diversidades nos tratamentos com temperatura controle, com o tempo exercendo uma influência significativa na estrutura da comunidade ao longo do experimento. Para a composição das espécies, a análise de diversidade βtotal destacou a importância da temperatura, presença de detritos e tempo. Os componentes βrepl e βrich foram notavelmente afetados por temperatura e tempo, indicando mudanças na identidade das espécies.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Microrganismos aquáticos de água doce ; Microfauna de água doce ; Ecossistemas de água doce ; Bioindicadores ; Mudanças climáticas ; Impactos ambientais ; Mesocosmos ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecosystems ; ASFA_2015::B::Bioindicators ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental impact ; ASFA_2015::M::Mesocosms ; ASFA_2015::M::Microfauna ; ASFA_2015::M::Microorganisms
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 82pp.
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  • 2
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: Streams, small rivers, are endowed with exclusive energetic dynamics: decomposition of allochthonous material, and formation of microhabitats and ecotones between aquatic communities and riparian vegetation. Regarding this input of organic matter, aquatic fungi make up most of the biomass of organic matter decomposers, they are biomineralizers of foliar nutrients and through decomposition link the matter to the entire trophic network. Aquatic fungi are a polyphyletic group adapted to this environment, and have different taxonomic levels grouped together. These microorganisms are the target of ecological studies due to their important, still their spatial distribution still lacks elucidation, as well as the influence of limnological on biotic parameters. The fungal communities, composition and beta diversity, were investigated in this study separated into two approaches: i) the beta diversity of aquatic fungi in streams under different land uses; ii) the nesting of fungal eDNA sequences in a protected area and an impacted area. The biotic data were obtained from leaf mixes, and represent the biodiversity of the aquatic FUNGA present in streams of the Atlantic Forest, being pioneering studies for the subtropical region. Furthermore, the results may contribute as a basis for future studies within the mycology of aquatic environments. Approach I, in a taxonomic approach, demonstrated fungal diversity in presence of ambiental heterogeneity. Approach II, through metabarcoding, demonstrates the sensitivity of the use of genomic databases in ecological analyses. The results presented here reinforce the need for management and conservation plans for riparian vegetation, which forms the aquatic microecosystem, used by fungi for their decomposition and other ecosystem functions.
    Description: Os riachos, rios de pequena ordem, são dotados de dinâmicas energéticas exclusivas: formação de microhabitats, formação de ecótonos entre comunidades aquáticas e vegetação ripária, e a decomposição deste material alóctone. A respeito deste input de matéria orgânica, os fungos aquáticos compõem a maior parte da biomassa de decompositores de matéria orgânica e atuam como biomineralizadores dos nutrientes foliares ao disponibilizarem à toda rede trófica. Os fungos aquáticos são um grupo polifilético de fungos adaptados a este ambiente, e apresentam diferentes níveis taxonômicos agrupados. Estes microrganismos são alvo de estudos ecológicos devido a sua importância, sua distribuição espacial ainda carece de esclarecimentos, bem como a influência dos parâmetros limnológicos sobre os bióticos. As comunidades fúngicas, composição e beta diversidade, foram investigadas neste estudo separado em duas abordagens: i) a beta diversidade de fungos aquáticos em riachos sob diferentes usos da terra; ii) o aninhamento de sequências de eDNA fúngico em uma área protegida e outra antropizada. Os dados bióticos foram obtidos de mixes de folhas, e representam a biodiversidade da funga aquática dos riachos da Mata Atlântica, sendo estudos pioneiros para a região subtropical. Ademais, as abordagens dispõem de resultados que podem contribuir como base para futuros estudos dentro da micologia de ambientes aquáticos. A primeira abordagem, taxonômica, demonstrou a diversidade fúngica na presença de heterogeneidade ambiental. A segunda abordagem, através do metabarcoding, demonstra a sensibilidade do uso de banco de dados genômicos em análises ecológicas. Os resultados aqui obtidos indicam a necessidade de planos de manejo e conservação da vegetação ripária, que forma o microecossistema aquático, utilizado por fungos para sua decomposição e demais funções ecossistêmicas.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Hyphomycetes aquáticos (Fungos conidiais) ; Microrganismos aquáticos ; Diversidade ; Sinecologia ; Riachos subtropicais ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::M::Microorganisms ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::S::Streams ; ASFA_2015::S::Synecology ; ASFA_2015::S::Species diversity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 105pp.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: La bioseguridad en la acuicultura se ocupa de la gestión de la sanidad de los animales acuáticos y la reducción de los riesgos a la salud pública asociados con la producción y el consumo de productos acuícolas. Particularmente, las enfermedades son un tema de atención en todo sistema de cría y producción de animales. En la acuicultura cubana, una de las especies ícticas de mayor importancia es el pez gato africano Clarias gariepinus. Esta especie introducida es afectada por protozoos ciliados parásitos de la familia Trichodinidae durante los primeros estadios de vida. El presente trabajo se trazó como objetivo, identificar y caracterizar las especies de tricodínidos que afectan el cultivo de C. gariepinus en la estación de alevinaje La Juventud, Provincia Pinar del Río, Cuba. Dichas especies identificadas y caracterizadas fueron T. heterodentata, T. acuta y T. merciae, las cuales son consideradas peligros biológicos para el cultivo de este pez. Estos resultados constituyen el primer paso para desarrollar un análisis de riesgo que garantice un manejo adecuado de la bioseguridad en las estaciones acuícolas.
    Description: ENGLISH ----------------In aquaculture, biosecurity deals with the management of aquatic animals’ health and to reducing risks to public health issues associated with the production and consumption of aquaculture products. In particular, diseases are a matter of care in every animal husbandry and production systems. In Cuban aquaculture, one of the most important fish species is the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. This introduced species is affected by parasitic protozoa of the family Trichodinidae during the first stages of its life cycle. The present work was outlined as objective, to identify and characterize the species of tricodinids that affect the C. gariepinus cultivation in La Juventud fingerling station, Provincia Pinar del Río, Cuba. The identified and characterized species were Trichodina heterodentata, T. acuta and T. merciae, which are considered biohazards for the culture of this fish. These results constitute the first step to develop a risk analysis that guarantees adequate management of biosecurity in aquaculture stations.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Bioseguridad ; Acuicultura ; Trichodina heterodentata ; Trichodina acuta ; Trichodina merciae ; Ciliophora ; Biosecurity ; Aquaculture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.12-19
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: Las pesquerías multiespecíficas de peces en Cuba incluyen alrededor de 150 especies, diferentes artes de pesca que se utilizan simultáneamente y un número elevado de puertos de desembarques, lo que dificulta el monitoreo y la evaluación de estos recursos, por lo cual el manejo ha sido limitado. Por ello nos propusimos evaluar el estado actual, así como las compensaciones futuras en biomasa, captura y ganancias de las especies más vulnerables bajo diferentes estrategias de manejo. Mediante el método Catch-MSY se estimó el estado actual, y un modelo bioeconómico se empleó para realizar las proyecciones a largo plazo de las salidas. Los stocks estudiados se encuentran agotados, y la mayoría con valores que implican un alto riesgo para la sustentabilidad de sus poblaciones. Además, la mayoría están sobreexplotados y sufren pesca ilegal. Sin embargo, a largo plazo bajo estrategias de manejo sustentable, muestran oportunidades de recuperación y de tener pesquerías económicamente rentables siempre que se elimine la pesca ilegal y se apliquen incentivos económicos.
    Description: Multispecies fish fisheries in Cuba include about 150 species, different fishing gears used simultaneously and a large number of landing ports, which makes monitoring and assessment of these resources difficult, and management has been limited. We therefore set out to evaluate the current status, as well as future trade-offs in biomass, catch and earnings of the most vulnerable species under different management strategies. The Catch-MSY method was used to estimate the current status, and a bioeconomic model was used to make long-term projections of the outputs. The stocks studied are depleted, and most of them have values that imply a high risk for the sustainability of their populations. In addition, most are overexploited and suffering illegal fishing. However, in the long term, under sustainable management strategies, they show opportunities for recovery and economically profitable fisheries, provided that illegal fishing is eliminated and economic incentives are applied.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Modelo bioeconómico ; Manejo ; Captura máxima sostenible ; Pesca ilegal ; Sobrepesca ; Bioeconomic model ; Management ; Maximum sustainable yield ; Illegal fishing ; Overfishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.1950-1955
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: In the last few years, several works have analyzed rainfall regime changes with the increase of temperature as a result of global warming. These changes, documented mainly in northern Europe, still need to be clarified in the Mediterranean area. Many studies have identified sometimes contradictory trends according to the type of data used, the methodology, and the daily or subdaily types of events. Therefore, an in-depth investigation of the Mediterranean area is required for the definition of more certain future scenarios. In this study, we examined a very large database including 〉1000 raingauges and thermometers in northern and central Italy to analyze the relationship between temperature and rainfall using the relation Clausius-Clapeyron. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between temperature and extreme precipitation events (EPEs, defined as the events higher than the 95th percentile) calculating the temperature anomalies occurred during these events. This large database covers a low rainfall accumulation period (RAP) that allowed us to study the relationship between temperature and rainfall and to distinguish rapid from long events related to rainfall intensity. The results show different relationships between rainfall and temperature in relation to seasons, RAPs, rainfall intensity, and geographical factors. The high spatial density of the database made it possible to identify spatial clusters with homogenous characteristics mainly influenced by geographical factors. With an increase in temperature, the wet season is characterized by a general increase in rainfall with a higher surge for intense and fast events. Instead, the dry season shows a general rainfall decrease for less intense and longer events, but an increase in rapid and more intensive rainfall events. This outcome has further implications involving a future decrease in water availability and an increase of the EPEs, causing an extremization of the climate during the dry season for northern and central Italy.
    Description: Published
    Description: 163368
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Current global warming; Extreme precipitation events; Italy; Mediterranean; Temperature increase
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: Harrat Khaybar is an active monogenetic volcanic field in western Saudi Arabia that hosts spectacular monogenetic volcanoes and a Holocene volcanic cone with extensive lava fields. The volcanic region is a subject of intensive land use development, especially along tourism ventures, where the volcanic features are the key elements to utilize for increasing visitation rates to the region. The youngest eruption is suspected to be Holocene and occurred fewer than 5000 years ago based on the cross-cutting relationship between the youngest lava flows and archaeological sites. Lava flows are typical, from p¯ahoehoe to ‘a‘¯a types with great diversity of transitional textural forms. Here, we recorded typical transitional lava flow surface textures from the youngest flows identified by digital-elevation-model-based terrain analysis, satellite imagery, and direct field observations. We performed lava flow simulations using the Q-LavHA plug-in within the QGIS environment. Lava flow simulations yielded satisfactory results if we applied eruptions along fissures, long simulation distances, and ~5 m lava flow thickness. In these simulations, the upper flow regimes were reconstructed well, but long individual lava flows were not possible to simulate, suggesting that morphological steps likely promoted lava ponding, inflation, and sudden deflation by releasing melts further along shallow syneruptive valley networks.
    Description: Published
    Description: 705
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: Four small scoria cones in the western outskirts of Al Madinah City, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, form a distinct young volcanic landmark. These volcanoes, despite their very small size, provide one of the most fundamental sources of information about the early eruption mechanism of rising mafic magma in the context of an active volcanic field located next to a city with over one million people. An initial study of the area in 2012–2013 confirmed that these sites had a significant phreatomagmatic phase in their opening stage, leaving behind characteristic pyroclastic successions likely to be covered by subsequent eruptive products. The fact that in this location, unequivocal evidence emerged to show that explosive magma-water interaction driven eruptions occurred in the largely magmatic (“dry”) explosive style, and volcanic field evolution confirmed that this site has high geoheritage value. Since the first research was 20 years ago, a restudy of the present-day condition of the scoria cone was conducted. Applying satellite imagery, remote sensing and direct site visit, we find that about a third of the cone surface area has been modified and at least a quarter of its volume has vanished. Further excavation for cone material however opened the entire western side of the cone, exposing a nearly 5-m-thick succession of accidental lithic pyroclast-dominated lapilli tuff and tuff breccia, confirming that this location had a significant phreatomagmatic phase in its opening eruptions. This location shows graphically the need for geoconservation to preserve such sites that are potentially the only, or best locations to show the potential eruptive styles and scenarios of future eruptions if they occur in similar environments.
    Description: Published
    Description: 29-52
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: We analysed the robustness of species identification based on proteomic composition to data processing and intraspecific variability, specificity and sensitivity of species-markers as well as discriminatory power of proteomic fingerprinting and its sensitivity to phylogenetic distance. Our analysis is based on MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry) data from 32 marine copepod species coming from 13 regions (North and Central Atlantic and adjacent seas). A random forest (RF) model correctly classified all specimens to the species level with only small sensitivity to data processing, demonstrating the strong robustness of the method. Compounds with high specificity showed low sensitivity, that is identification was based on complex pattern-differences rather than on presence of single markers. Proteomic distance was not consistently related to phylogenetic distance. A species-gap in proteome composition appeared at 0.7 Euclidean distance when using only specimens from the same sample. When other regions or seasons were included, intraspecific variability increased, resulting in overlaps of intra and inter-specific distance. Highest intraspecific distances (〉0.7) were observed between specimens from brackish and marine habitats (i.e., salinity probably affects proteomic patterns). When testing library sensitivity of the RF model to regionality, strong misidentification was only detected between two congener pairs. Still, the choice of reference library may have an impact on identification of closely related species and should be tested before routine application. We envisage high relevance of this time- and cost-efficient method for future zooplankton monitoring as it provides not only in-depth taxonomic resolution for counted specimens but also add-on information, such as on developmental stage or environmental conditions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 128(1), ISSN: 2169-9275
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: We assessed the spatial and temporal variability of the Arctic Boundary Current (ABC) using seven oceanographic moorings, deployed across the continental slope north of Severnaya Zemlya in 2015–2018. Transports and individual water masses were quantified based on temperature and salinity recorders and current profilers. Our results were compared with observations from the northeast Svalbard and the central Laptev Sea continental slopes to evaluate the hydrographic transformation along the ABC pathway. The highest velocities (〉0.30 m s−1) of the ABC occurred at the upper continental slope and decreased offshore to below 0.03 m s−1 in the deep basin. The ABC showed seasonal variability with velocities two times higher in winter than in summer. Compared to upstream conditions in Svalbard, water mass distribution changed significantly within 20 km of the shelf edge due to mixing with- and intrusion of shelf waters. The ABC transported 4.15 ± 0.3 Sv in the depth range 50–1,000 m, where 0.88 ± 0.1, 1.5 ± 0.2, 0.61 ± 0.1 and 1.0 ± 0.15 Sv corresponded to Atlantic Water (AW), Dense Atlantic Water (DAW), Barents Sea Branch Water (BSBW) and Transformed Atlantic Water (TAW). 62–70% of transport was constrained to within 30–40 km of the shelf edge, and beyond 84 km, transport increases were estimated to be 0.54 Sv. Seasonality of TAW derived from local shelf-processes and advection of seasonal-variable Fram Strait waters, while BSBW transport variability was dominated by temperature changes with maximum transport coinciding with minimum temperatures. Further Barents Sea warming will likely reduce TAW and BSBW transport leading to warmer conditions along the ABC pathway.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: Ongoing climate warming in the western Canadian Arctic is leading to thawing of permafrost soils and subsequent mobilization of its organic matter pool. Part of this mobilized terrestrial organic matter enters the aquatic system as dissolved organic matter (DOM) and is laterally transported from land to sea. Mobilized organic matter is an important source of nutrients for ecosystems, as it is available for microbial breakdown, and thus a source of greenhouse gases. We are beginning to understand spatial controls on the release of DOM as well as the quantities and fate of this material in large Arctic rivers. Yet, these processes remain systematically understudied in small, high-Arctic watersheds, despite the fact that these watersheds experience the strongest warming rates in comparison. Here, we sampled soil (active layer and permafrost) and water (porewater and stream water) from a small ice wedge polygon (IWP) catchment along the Yukon coast, Canada, during the summer of 2018. We assessed the organic carbon (OC) quantity (using dissolved (DOC) and particulate OC (POC) concentrations and soil OC content), quality (δ13C DOC, optical properties and source apportionment) and bioavailability (incubations; optical indices such as slope ratio, Sr; and humification index, HIX) along with stream water properties (temperature, T; pH; electrical conductivity, EC; and water isotopes). We classify and compare different landscape units and their soil horizons that differ in microtopography and hydrological connectivity, giving rise to differences in drainage capacity. Our results show that porewater DOC concentrations and yield reflect drainage patterns and waterlogged conditions in the watershed. DOC yield (in mg DOC g−1 soil OC) generally increases with depth but shows a large variability near the transition zone (around the permafrost table). Active-layer porewater DOC generally is more labile than permafrost DOC, due to various reasons (heterogeneity, presence of a paleo-active-layer and sampling strategies). Despite these differences, the very long transport times of porewater DOC indicate that substantial processing occurs in soils prior to release into streams. Within the stream, DOC strongly dominates over POC, illustrated by ratios around 50, yet storm events decrease that ratio to around 5. Source apportionment of stream DOC suggests a contribution of around 50 % from permafrost/deep-active-layer OC, which contrasts with patterns observed in large Arctic rivers (12 ± 8 %; Wild et al., 2019). Our 10 d monitoring period demonstrated temporal DOC patterns on multiple scales (i.e., diurnal patterns, storm events and longer-term trends), underlining the need for high-resolution long-term monitoring. First estimates of Black Creek annual DOC (8.2 ± 6.4 t DOC yr−1) and POC (0.21 ± 0.20 t yr−1) export allowed us to make a rough upscaling towards the entire Yukon Coastal Plain (34.51 ± 2.7 kt DOC yr−1 and 8.93 ± 8.5 kt POC yr−1). Rising Arctic temperatures, increases in runoff, soil organic matter (OM) leaching, permafrost thawing and primary production are likely to increase the net lateral OC flux. Consequently, altered lateral fluxes may have strong impacts on Arctic aquatic ecosystems and Arctic carbon cycling.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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