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  • Triticum aestivum  (853)
  • Rat  (826)
  • Springer  (1.679)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 32 (1993), S. 71-73 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Rat ; glutamate-induced obesity ; postprandial thermogenesis ; Ratte ; Glutamat-induzierte Adipositas ; postprandiale Thermogenese
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Bei 4 Monate alten Ratten mit Glutamat-induzierter Adipositas wurde die postprandiale Thermogenese über 8 h nach Fütterung von 300, 450 und 600 kJ/kg0,75 einer Pellet-Diät mittels indirekter Kalorimetrie in computergesteuerten Stoffwechselkäfigen mit offenem Kreislauf bestimmt. Bei den adipösen Tieren war die postprandiale Thermogenese nach Aufnahme von 600 kJ/kg0,75 (oberhalb des Energieerhaltungsbedarfs) signifikant auf 40% der Thermogenese der Kontrolltiere reduziert (12,0 gegenüber 31,5 kJ/kg0,75×8 h). Es wird geschlußfolgert, daß die Ratte mit Glutamat-induzierter Adipositas als ein Tiermodell mit beeinträchtigter fakultativer Thermogenese anzusehen ist, die hauptsächlich durch eine Verminderung der sympathischen adrenergen Aktivität verursacht ist.
    Notizen: Summary Postprandial thermogenesis was estimated in 4-month-old male rats with glutamate induced obesity after being fed with 300, 450 and 600 kJ/kg0.75 of a pellet diet, respectively by indirect calorimetry in computer-controlled open circuit metabolic cages over 8 h. After an intake of 600 kJ/kg0.75 (above the maintenance energy requirement) postprandial thermogenesis was significantly reduced in the obese animals to about 40% of control rats (12.0 versus 31.5 kJ/kg0.75×8 h). It is concluded that the glutamate obese rat can be accepted as an animal model with impaired facultative thermogenesis, mainly caused by a reduction of sympathetic adrenergic activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Schlagwort(e): Brain tumour ; Rat ; Detection ; Fluorescence ; Laser ; Haematoporphyrin derivative
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Laser-induced fluorescence has been used for the identification of brain tumours in rats, which have been previously given tumour-seeking haematoporphyrin derivative. A pulsed nitrogen laser (λ=337 nm) was used in conjunction with an optical multichannel analyzer. For both inoculated RG-2 and TCVC rat-brain-tumour models, the blue autofluorescence was strongly reduced in the tumour compared with normal brain tissue, and at the same time the characteristic red-drug signal increased. The contrast between tumour and normal tissue was strongly enhanced by forming the ratio between the two signals. Implications for possible improvement of tumour delineation in brain tumour surgery are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 91 (1999), S. 403-412 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): aphid ; Diuraphis noxia ; Triticum aestivum ; endosymbiont ; insect-plant interactions ; phloem ; amino acids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The feeding behavior of Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko (Homoptera: Aphididae) on susceptible hosts causes both ultrastructural and tissue level damage which may affect phloem composition. Genetic evidence suggests that endosymbiotic bacteria in most aphids overproduce limiting amino acids to benefit hosts but that D. noxia depends less on endosymbionts for these nutrients, possibly due to an enriched diet. To determine whether D. noxia feeding damage results in higher concentrations of essential amino acids, stylet exudates were analyzed from wheat (Triticum aestivum) damaged to different degrees. Comparison of samples from undamaged and damaged susceptible wheat revealed changes in amino acid composition and an increase in levels of essential amino acids, indicating a nutritionally enhanced ingesta. The changes in stylet exudates paralleled changes in leaf exudates, indicating that the effects are systemic. Feeding damage is not observed on a resistant wheat host, var. Halt, and leaf exudates from infested Halt did not show changes in amino acid composition. Mean relative growth of nymphs was significantly lower on Halt than on susceptible Arapahoe, indicating that Halt is a less suitable host. Both varieties show similar amino acid levels in non-infested samples, suggesting that D. noxia infestation does not enhance the phloem environment in Halt. This study provides evidence that aphid feeding can generate a nutritionally enhanced phloem diet.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 58 (1991), S. 69-74 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Rhopalosiphum padi ; antixenosis ; plant resistance ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Antixenose gegenüberRhopalosiphum padi (L.) in den drei Weizensorten Timmo, Moghan 2 und Ommid, von denen die zwei letzteren Sorten aus dem Iran stammen, wurde unter Verwendung des systemischen Insektizids Pirimicarb gemessen. Jeweils zwei Pflanzen aus verschiedenen Sorten wurden als Paar verwendet (in allen Kombinationen der drei Sorten), pro Paar ein Topf mit Pirimicarb gegossen, und zwanzig Blattlaüse über Blattflächen von beiden Sorten gekäfigt. Ähnliche Versuche wurden auch ohne Insektizid ausgeführt. Beide Methoden zeigten deutliche Antixenose von Moghan 2 und Ommid in Vergleich mit Timmo. Die Insektizidmethode zeigte auch eine Bevorzugung von Moghan 2 gegenüber Ommid, ein Resultat, das mit der schon bekannten relativen Antibiose dieser zwei Sorten übereinstimmte, während sich ohne Insektizid kein solcher Unterschied erwies. Die statistische Analyse solcher Versuche mit einem Insektizid, die eine Modifikation der Berechnung des erwarteten Werts mit dem χ2 Test enthält, ist beschrieben.
    Notizen: Abstract Antixenosis in three wheat varieties (Timmo, Moghan 2 and Ommid) toRhopalosiphum padi (L.) was measured by pairing plants of any two varieties with one plant of each pair treated with a soil drench of the systemic insecticide pirimicarb. Aphids were then allowed access to equivalent leaf areas from the two plants in a leaf cage. The results were compared with similar choice experiments without insecticide. By either technique, the two Iranian varieties (Moghan 2 and Ommid) showed antixenosis in comparison with Timmo. The statistical analysis of the data, using a heterogeneity χ2 test, is described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): LepidopteraEphestia kuehniella ; α-amylase ; Triticum aestivum ; endosperm ; α-amylase inhibitors
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Crude α-amylase preparations from seven Lepidoptera pests were susceptible to inhibition by salt-soluble proteins of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) endosperm. Protein fractions that corresponded to tetrameric, dimeric, and monomeric wheat α-amylase inhibitors, were decreasingly effective against the insect α-amylase activity. To further confirm these results, purified inhibitors were tested against an α-amylase preparation fromEphestia kuehniella (Zeller). This preparation showed decreased activity when increasing amounts of an heterotetrameric inhibitor (reconstituted from its isolated subunits WTAI-CM2, -CM3 and -CM16) were assayed. Activity was only partially inhibited by homodimeric (WDAI-1, synonym 0.53; WDAI-2, synonym 0.19) and monomeric (WMAI-1, synonym 0.28) inhibitors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 91 (1999), S. 111-114 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): sieve element ; salivation ; aphid ; plant resistance ; wheat ; Sitobion fragariae ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Extended sieve element salivation (E1 waveform in the electrical penetration graph) is a characteristic activity during early sieve element punctures, particularly in resistant plants. In order to explore a chemically-mediated mechanism of resistance associated with sieve element salivation, we compared the pattern of feeding behaviour of the aphid, Sitobion fragariae (Walker), on two cultivars of the wheat Triticum aestivum L., with different concentrations of hydroxamic acids (Hx). During 24 h of electronic monitoring, aphids dedicated over 50% of the total time to phloem ingestion from the sieve elements. Total time allocated to E1 in the experiment, time to first E1 within the experiment, time allocated to E1 before a sustained phloem ingestion (E2) and the contribution of sieve element salivation to the phloem phase (E1/[E1+E2]) were significantly higher in the high-Hx cultivar. The increased salivation in plants with higher contents of Hx suggests the existence, at least in this system, of a chemically-mediated sieve element constraint.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 59 (1991), S. 79-85 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; cereals ; Rhopalosiphum padi ; Aphididae ; barley yellow dwarf virus ; hydroxamic acids ; DIMBOA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract 2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), a hydroxamic acid (Hx) occurring in wheat, was shown to deter feeding by the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), and to reduce BYDV transmission to the plant. Dual choice tests with wheat leaves showed the preferential settlement of aphids on leaves with lower levels of DIMBOA. Electric monitoring of aphid feeding behaviour showed that in seedlings with higher DIMBOA levels fewer aphids reached the phloem and they needed longer times to contact a phloem vessel than in those with lower levels. When aphids carrying BYDV were allowed to feed on wheat cultivars with different DIMBOA levels, fewer plants were infected with BYDV in the higher DIMBOA cultivars than in the lower ones. Preliminary field experiments showed a tendency for wheat cultivars with higher Hx levels to be more tolerant to infection by BYDV than lower Hx level ones.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1004-1006 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Rat ; adrenocortical responsiveness ; ACTH ; plasma ; corticosterone ; plasma ; corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the course of studying the plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone responses to synthetic corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), we noted some disparity in the responses. A higher dose (20 μg compared with 5 μg per rat i.a.) produced an equal plasma ACTH but greater plasma corticosterone response in adult male rats. Thus, we examined the possibility that CRF increases adrenocortical responsiveness to ACTH. CRF significantly (p〈0.0005) increased the plasma corticosterone response to ACTH in rats pretreated with dexamethasone. Thus, synthetic CRF increases corticosterone secretion in rats not only by stimulating ACTH secretion, but also by increasing the adrenocortical responsiveness to ACTH.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 265-266 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Rat ; hydrochlorothiazide ; pain threshold ; antinociceptive activity ; analgesic activity ; morphine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Hydrochlorothiazide, acutely injected in rats, has a weak analgesic activity per se and potentiates and prolongs the antinociceptive effect of morphine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 46 (1990), S. 457-458 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Rat ; carnitine ; lipolysis ; exercise ; glycogen ; triglycerides ; muscle
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary To test the effect of L-carnitine on glycogen sparing when fat oxidation is increased, 100 mg/kg/d were given to rats orally for 3 days, resulting in 1.8-fold higher muscle carnitine levels. Even when FFA were raised by heparin-stimulated lipolysis, the rate of glycogen degradation was not reduced during exercise.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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