ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles  (414)
  • Wetlands
  • sediment
  • Biology  (303)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (118)
Collection
  • Articles  (414)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Journal
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterotrophic nitrogen fixation in an intertidal saltmarsh sediment
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 10 (1980), S. 699-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 0302-3524
    Keywords: England coast ; anaerobes ; hydrogen ; nitrogen fixation ; saltmarsh ; sediment ; sulphate ; sulphur bacteria
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80097-1
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of property rights in economic research on U.S. wetlands policy
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ecological Economics 11 (1994), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0921-8009
    Keywords: Contingent valuation ; Optimal pollution ; Property rights ; Resource economics ; Wetlands
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0921-8009(94)90047-7
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detention and mixing in free water wetlands
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ecological Engineering 3 (1994), S. 345-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0925-8574
    Keywords: Detention time ; Flow modeling ; Hydrology ; Mixing ; Tracer testing ; Wetlands
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-8574(94)00007-7
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hydrology of four experimental constructed marshes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ecological Engineering 3 (1994), S. 319-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0925-8574
    Keywords: Hydrology ; Water budgets ; Wetlands
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-8574(94)00006-9
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water quality improvement by four experimental wetlands
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ecological Engineering 3 (1994), S. 381-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0925-8574
    Keywords: Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Suspended solid ; Water quality ; Wetlands
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-8574(94)00008-5
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternative property rights to wetland externalities
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ecological Economics 10 (1994), S. 61-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0921-8009
    Keywords: Pigouvian tax and subsidy ; Property right ; Wetlands
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0921-8009(94)90037-X
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sewage influence in a macrotidal estuary: Fatty acid and sterol distributions
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 34 (1992), S. 347-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-7714
    Keywords: Morlaix River estuary ; estuary ; fatty acids ; particulate organic matter ; sediment ; sewage influence ; sterols
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(05)80075-7
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The contribution of Mytilus sp. in radionuclide transfer between water column and sediments in the estuarine and delta systems of the Rhone river
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 34 (1992), S. 593-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-7714
    Keywords: Gamma emitters ; Rhone estuary ; biodeposition ; mussel ; sediment ; tritium
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(05)80064-2
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Distribution and Chemical Composition of Particles in a Macrotidal Estuary
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 38 (1994), S. 1-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-7714
    Keywords: Dee Estuary ; fluxes ; particle mixing ; resuspension ; sediment ; trace metals
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1994.1001
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of a mathematical model to compare particle size data derived by dry-sieving and laser analysis
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 35 (1992), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-7714
    Keywords: comparison ; dry-sieving ; laser analysis ; particle size ; sediment
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(05)80059-9
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of microbial biomass and its community structure from the distribution of phospholipid ester-linked fatty acids in sediments of Hiroshima Bay and its adjacent bays
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 34 (1992), S. 501-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-7714
    Keywords: Hiroshima Bay ; bacteria ; biomass ; community structure ; phospholipid ester-linked fatty acids ; polyunsaturated fatty acids ; sediment ; sulphate-reducing bacteria
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(05)80120-9
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineralization of Chitin in an estuarine sediment: The importance of the Chitosan pathway
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 19 (1991), S. 395-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-1978
    Keywords: Chitin ; chitin deacetylase ; chitinase ; chitosan ; estuary ; sediment
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0305-1978(91)90056-6
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of the characteristics of rough bed turbulent shear stresses in an open channel (1997)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 11 (1997), S. 193-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Turbulence ; sediment ; fluvial ; river ; bursting process ; statistics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Entrainment of sediment particles from channel beds into the channel flow is influenced by the characteristics of the flow turbulence which produces stochastic shear stress fluctuations at the bed. Recent studies of the structure of turbulent flow has recognized the importance of bursting processes as important mechanisms for the transfer of momentum into the laminar boundary layer. Of these processes, the sweep event has been recognized as the most important bursting event for entrainment of sediment particles as it imposes forces in the direction of the flow resulting in movement of particles by rolling, sliding and occasionally saltating. Similarly, the ejection event has been recognized as important for sediment transport since these events maintain the sediment particles in suspension. In this study, the characteristics of bursting processes and, in particular, the sweep event were investigated in a flume with a rough bed. The instantaneous velocity fluctuations of the flow were measured in two-dimensions using a small electromagnetic velocity meter and the turbulent shear stresses were determined from these velocity fluctuations. It was found that the shear stress applied to the sediment particles on the bed resulting from sweep events depends on the magnitude of the turbulent shear stress and its probability distribution. A statistical analysis of the experimental data was undertaken and it was found necessary to apply a Box-Cox transformation to transform the data into a normally distributed sample. This enabled determination of the mean shear stress, angle of action and standard error of estimate for sweep and ejection events. These instantaneous shear stresses were found to be greater than the mean flow shear stress and for the sweep event to be approximately 40 percent greater near the channel bed. Results from this analysis suggest that the critical shear stress determined from Shield's diagram is not sufficient to predict the initiation of motion due to its use of the temporal mean shear stress. It is suggested that initiation of particle motion, but not continuous motion, can occur earlier than suggested by Shield's diagram due to the higher shear stresses imposed on the particles by the stochastic shear stresses resulting from turbulence within the flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02427915
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A meta-analysis of wetland contingent valuation studies (1999)
    Springer
    Regional environmental change 1 (1999), S. 47-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-378X
    Keywords: Key words Meta-analysis ; Contingent valuation ; Wetlands ; Ecosystem functions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract There is growing interest in the potential for producing generally applicable models for valuing non-market environmental services which do not rely upon expensive and time-consuming survey work, but rather extrapolate results from previous studies. This paper presents a meta-analysis for the use and non-use values generated by wetlands across North America and Europe. The study assesses the socio-economic values attributable to the hydrological, biogeochemical and ecological functions provided by such complex environmental assets. The clustering of multiple values derived from single studies is examined through the application of multilevel modelling methods allowing for the hierarchical structure of such data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101130050007
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Approach for the Modelling of Sediment Reworking Induced by a Macrobenthic Community (1997)
    Springer
    Acta biotheoretica 45 (1997), S. 295-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8358
    Keywords: bioturbation ; modelling ; macrobenthic ; sediment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new model of bioturbation has been developed to describe short term sediment reworking induced by macrobenthic communities. The design of the model had to consider the mixing processes, firstly, at the organism level, and secondly, at community level. This paper describes the mixing mode of the four types of bioturbators defined by the authors: the biodiffusors, the upward-conveyors, the downward-conveyors and the regenerators. The mathematical formulation of these sub-models consists of ordinary differential equations. They take into account the size of the bioturbated zone, the output fluxes to the water column, tracer decay, physical mixing due to local currents and the type and intensity of the bioturbation processes. These sub-models make it possible to describe correctly the mixing events that have occurred in cores with each type of bioturbator. They also provide the basis for general bioturbation model, that will take into account the respective degrees of involvement of (i) the different bioturbation processes and their characteristics, (ii) the interference between the different processes, and (iii) make possible to predict the particle reworking in order to include it in studies of organic matter in early diagenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1000636109604
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sediment diffusive fluxes of Fe, Mn, and P in a eutrophic lake: Contribution from lateral vs bottom sediments (1996)
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 58 (1996), S. 327-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Iron ; manganese ; phosphate ; sediment ; diffusion ; eutrophic lake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Water column data and porewater profiles are used to study the chemical evolution with time and with depth of a eutrophic lake. By using different approaches, diffusion fluxes for dissolved iron, manganese and phosphate are calculated and used to describe the processes occurring at the sediment-water interface as well as in the hypolimnion of the lake. These data are used in the elaboration of a qualitative model to describe the chemical behaviour of the sedimentary interface of an anoxic lake with emphasis on the Fe/P/S system. Acorona model is proposed to explain the evolution with time of the diffusion process by estimating the relative contribution of bottom and lateral sediment surfaces to the total fluxes of dissolved elements diffusing from the sediment to the overlying water. As the hypolimnion becomes more anoxic, it has been observed that lateral sediment surfaces (16 to 10 meters in depth) represents a larger supplier of diffusing dissolved components than the bottom sediment portion (bottom to 18 meters).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877474
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial potential in deep-sea sediments (1991)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 47 (1991), S. 517-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Bacterial activity ; sediment ; pore water ; deep sea ; electron acceptors ; microcosms ; nitrification ; denitrification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In spite of high pressures and low temperatures in abyssal sediments of the North Atlantic Ocean, bacterial activity is evident and highest in the top 10 cm. At these locations the input of degradable organic material to the deep-sea bottom is low. Oxygen, therefore, remains the dominant oxidant in surface sediments. Although alternative electron acceptors like nitrate, oxidized manganese and sulfate are present in large amounts, they are not utilized in this natural habitat. In sediment cores which were collected from the site for laboratory perturbation studies, it was possible to stimulate microbially mediated processes which are dormant in situ. When the oxygen supply was cut off, nitrate and manganese reduction occurred. Denitrification was the major process observed in the upper anoxic layers, while nitrate-ammonification and manganese reduction occurred in deeper sediment strata (4–8 cm). This is evidence for the presence of a variety of different bacteria and of an anaerobic heterotrophic potential. Most of the activity is located in the top 10 cm of these sediments. The shift to anaerobiosis initiates microbial activities through which metals are converted into their mobile species at the lowered redox potential. Evaluation of the suitability of the deep sea as a repository for waste materials will have to account for the large dormant potential of microbial activities and the consequences of their release by changing the environmental conditions at the sea floor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01949870
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of microtopography on mycorrhizal infection in Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) Mills.) (1999)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 8 (1999), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae ; Chamaecyparis thyoides ; Cupressaceae ; Wetlands ; Swamp ; Microsites ; Hummocks ; Anoxia ; Restoration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The presence and intensity of mycorrhizal infection in wetland trees has received relatively little attention. We report here a study of mycorrhizal infection in Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides), a member of the Cupressaceae, which forms monospecific stands in swamps throughout the Atlantic Coastal Plain of North America. The trees grow on the tops of elevated hummocks, but the fine roots extend along the sides of the hummocks to the flooded hollows. Roots from all microtopographic positions on the hummocks are colonized by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM). In addition to arbuscules and vesicles, occasional hyphal coils are observed within the cortex cells. However, frequencies of occurrence of vesicles and arbuscles are significantly higher on the tops and sides than at the bottoms of the hummocks. These differences correspond to higher concentrations of acetylglucosamine in the roots at these positions. Frequencies of all mycorrhizal structures (arbuscles, vesicles and hyphae) in roots at the base of the hummocks are very low. These results suggest that mycorrhizal colonization in wetland trees is greater in aerobic microsites, a finding in accord with results from studies of both herbaceous wetland plants and other wetland trees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050231
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An inventory of 13C abundances in coastal wetlands of Louisiana, USA: vegetation and sediments (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 74 (1987), S. 264-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Stable carbon isotopes ; Organic sediment ; Salinity gradient ; Mississippi delta plain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Organic carbon-rich sediments from the surface of fresh, intermediate, brackish and salt marshes of coastal Louisiana were sampled and analyzed for their 13C content. The average ∂13C from all sites within each wetland type was-27.8‰,-22.1‰,-16.9‰, and-16.2‰, for fresh, intermediate, brackish and salt marshes, respectively. Means from the fresh, intermediate and brackish marshes were significantly different at the 0.01 level. A mixing model using measurements of standing crop and ∂13C of plant carbon was applied to estimate the contribution of each species to the sedimentary carbon at four of the marsh sites. Sedimentary ∂13C values generally reflected that of the dominant species present at each site. Brackish and salt marsh samples, however, showed a negative shift of ∂13C with respect to whole plant carbon. We interpret these depeleted ∂13C values to be the result of more extensive organic matter decomposition and selective preservation of 13C-depleted refractory components in sediments from saline sites. The results of this study suggest that ∂13C composition of sedimentary carbon may offer a valuable tool for distinguishing subtle changes in paleohydrology of wetlands resulting from relative sea level changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379369
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological and abiotic factors influencing the settlement and survival of Salicornia dolichostachya in the intertidal pioneer zone (1999)
    Springer
    Mangroves and salt marshes 3 (1999), S. 197-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-977X
    Keywords: erosion ; pioneer vegetation ; salt marsh ; seedlings ; sediment ; shear strength
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During the last two decades a decrease of salt marsh area of at least 6% was found along the mainland coast of the Dutch Wadden Sea. However, it was not clear what determined the seaward boundary of the pioneer vegetation in this area. In the period 1993–1995, abiotic and biological variables were monitored along a transect from the mudflat to the low salt marsh in two sites, the Negenboerenpolder and the Noordpolder. At the Negenboerenpolder site the pioneer zone extended further from the dike and had a dense cover with vegetation when compared to the Noordpolder site. The observed difference in extension of the pioneer zone could not be attributed to differences in tidal frequency, sedimentation rate or nutrient availability. During the winter a dramatic loss in seed numbers was found at both sites. This loss decreased from mudflat to low marsh. The mud/sand ratio, on the other hand, increased from mudflat to low marsh and was higher in the Negenboerenpolder. The shear strength of the top soil layer measured with an in‐situ erosion flume was correlated to the mud/sand ratio and increased with an increasing mud content of the soil. The strength of the soil seems to be the key factor for the settlement and survival of Salicornia dolichostachya in the pioneer zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009919008313
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging of the Lake Agassiz–Lake Winnipeg transition (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 19 (1998), S. 255-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: Lake Winnipeg ; magnetic resonance ; MRI ; SPRITE ; sediment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract As part of the Geologic Survey of Canada (GSC) Lake Winnipeg Study, we have successfully imaged the Lake Agassiz to Lake Winnipeg transition in Section 4 of Core Namao 94-900-122a (i.e., from 313 cm to 465 cm), using a newly-developed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique called SPRITE (Single-Point, Ramped Imaging with T1 Enhancement). Whole core, gamma-ray attenuation measurements have been used to calculate the bulk porosity of the sediment at 1 cm intervals for comparison with the SPRITE images. Image contrast and image intensities observed in the SPRITE images of Section 4 are related to local porosity and magnetic susceptibility variations. In general, regions of the core with low signal intensity contain high porosity and low magnetic susceptibility. The best contrast between sediment layers is observed from regions of the core with high magnetic susceptibility. High signal intensity is observed from regions with low porosity and/or high magnetic susceptibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007921832589
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lake Winnipeg sediment physical properties: interpretation, composite stratigraphic sections and calibration of acoustic reflection profiles (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 19 (1998), S. 245-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: sediment ; physical properties ; core-correlation ; stratigraphy ; acoustics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract High resolution sediment physical properties, measured on gravity and piston cores collected during cruises to Lake Winnipeg, include bulk density, acoustic velocity, magnetic susceptibility, shear strength and colour reflectance. The high resolution data are used here to construct complete stratigraphic (composite) sections of Lake Winnipeg sediments from a series of individual, discontinuous cores for the North and South Basins. These composite sections are used to evaluate basin-wide glacial and post-glacial depositional histories and to compare the northern and southern basin histories. In addition, these sections provide a baseline depth reference for interpretation of the biostratigraphy, paleomagnetic record and rock magnetic stratigraphy. Some of the data (density and shear strength) are also be used to estimate sediment stress history for the two major lithostratigraphic units and their variations across the basin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007949113025
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A review of factors that regulate carotenoid and chlorophyll deposition and fossil pigment abundance (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 9 (1993), S. 109-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: paleolimnology ; carotenoid ; chlorophyll ; pigment ; sediment ; fossil ; degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Limnological surveys show that fossil pigment concentration is an accurate predictor of algal production. However, experimental and mass flux studies indicate that 〉90% of pigment is degraded to colourless compounds before permanent burial. To reconcile these views, this paper reviews current literature on pigment degradation and proposes a hierarchical control model for pigment deposition and fossil abundance. Over the widest range of production, pigment deposition and fossil concentration are proportional to algal standing crop. However, within a narrower range, the actual concentration of pigment in sediments is regulated by photo- and chemical oxidation. Three phases of loss exist: rapid oxidation in the water column (T1/2=days); slower post-depositional loss in surface sediments (T1/2=years); and very slow loss of double bonds in deep sediments (T1/2=centuries). Despite losses during deposition, fossil and algal abundance remain correlated through time, so long as there is no change in basin morphometry, light penetration, stratification or deepwater oxygen content. At the finest scale, food-web processes can increase the preservation of pigments from edible algae by incorporating pigments into feces that sink rapidly and bypass water column losses. As a consequence of selective loss during deposition and initial burial, carotenoid relative abundance is an unreliable measure of phytoplankton community composition. Instead, absolute concentration — scaled to the historical maximum — should be used for fossil interpretations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00677513
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution coefficients of210Pb and210Po in laboratory and natural aquatic systems (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 9 (1993), S. 179-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: distribution coefficient ; Kd ; 210Pb ; 210Po ; freshwater ; sediment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We have measured the distribution coefficient (Kd) of210Po and210Pb in laboratory systems and in natural freshwater systems. In the laboratory systems, an inverse relationship was observed between the particle concentration of sand or lake sediment, and the distribution coefficients of210Po and210Pb. The slope of the log-linearK d vs particle concentration relation is consistent with existingK d-particle concentration theories. These laboratory observations are consistent with similar measurements in two lakes. TheK d values of Po and Pb for the bottom sediment-pore water system with a high particle concentration were 10 to 100 times lower than those for dilute concentrations of particles suspended in the lake water. TheK d of210Pb in the sediments was 〉104 so that the diffusive transport of210Pb has only a small influence on the interpretation of210Pb concentration-depth profiles and the210Pb dating of these sediments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00677519
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental determination of carotenoid degradation (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 1 (1988), S. 215-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: Carotenoids ; degradation ; myxoxanthophyll ; β-carotene ; sediment ; paleolimnology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Reversed-phase thin layer chromatography was used to quantify carotenoid degradation resulting from the in vitro decomposition of Oscillatoria utermöhlii. Laboratory conditions simulated lacustrine sediments. The effects of light, oxygen, temperature and the presence of a sedimentary bacterial flora on the rate and extent of degradation were evaluated. Under anaerobic conditions, bacterially-mediated decomposition of O. utermöhlii did not result in statistically significant (P〉0.05) declines in the concentrations of most carotenoids at either 6 °C after 37 weeks or 21 °C after 26 weeks. Light, in the absence of oxygen, did not promote carotenoid degradation. Carotenoid concentrations declined linearly with time (25%–62% lost by 37 weeks) in a dark environment exposed to the atmosphere at 6 °C, but only if algae were exposed to lake sediments or water containing natural, lacustrine bacterial populations. No distinct difference between the rates of carotene and xanthophyll destruction was noted, although myxoxanthophyll was more labile than other cyanophyte carotenoids, especially at 21 °C (85% loss by 26 weeks). Based on these results and published descriptions of algal decomposition kinetics, I conclude that; 1) the high sedimentary carotenoid concentrations typical of productive lakes may reflect a preferential loss of nonpigmented organic matter and, 2) sedimentary bacterial activity alone may not affect the reliability of carotenoids as paleolimnological indicators of past algal abundances in lakes with completely anoxic sediments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177767
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climatic influences on streamflow and sediment flux into Lake C2, northern Ellesmere Island, Canada (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 16 (1996), S. 133-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: climate ; hydrology ; paleoclimate ; sediment ; arctic ; Ellesmere Island
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Streamflow, suspended sediment transport and meteorological variables at two elevations were measured through the 1990–1992 field seasons at Lake C2, Northern Ellesmere Island, as part of the Taconite Inlet Lakes Project. The objectives were to determine the extent to which suspended sediment flux responded to climatic variability, and to ascertain which meteorological variable was most strongly associated with daily discharge and sediment load. This study provided a partial test of our hypothesis that the annually-laminated sediments of Lake C2 contain a paleoclimate signal. Streamflow to the lake was almost exclusively the result of snowmelt, in response to inputs of atmospheric energy as measured by air temperature at the median watershed elevation (520 m). Sea-level air temperature, global solar and net all-wave irradiance were less clearly associated with discharge. Fluctuations of discharge and suspended sediment concentration were nearly synchronous, and non-linearly related. Daily sediment discharge was therefore linked by streamflow, with a time lag, to the energy available for snowmelt. Mean daily air temperature and cumulative degree-days above 0 °C, at 520 m elevation, were successfully used to predict the daily and seasonal discharge of runoff and sediment to the lake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176932
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid elemental analysis of sediment samples by isotope source XRF (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 23 (2000), S. 213-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: geochemistry ; heavy metals ; palaeolimnology ; sediment ; soil ; X-ray fluorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Energy dispersive isotope-source X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysers are little used in academic environmental research, in spite of being ideally suited to a number of tasks. In this paper an XRF method is tested by measuring a wide range of environmental materials of known elemental composition. Precision, accuracy and detection limits are presented. Using isotope-source X-ray fluorescence analysis, the total concentrations of Si, Ti, Ca, K, Fe, Mn, Cl, S, Nb, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Zn and Zr can be determined in soils and sediments at a rate of 〉70 samples per day. The combination of speed and accuracy makes the technique ideal for three classes of application within environmental research. First, in sediments and soils that are highly heterogeneous, reliable characterisation is more dependent upon the number of samples measured than on measurement precision or accuracy. Under these circumstances the method is sufficiently accurate to be used alone. This is also the case where there is high and wide ranging contamination of sediment or soil by Pb and Zn. Second, major elements (Si, Ti, Fe, Ca, K and S) can be measured with sufficient accuracy in sediments and soils to aid the interpretation of other sediment chemical analyses. Third, the technique is ideal for the rapid screening of sediment or soil, allowing effective targeting of samples for more time consuming or expensive analyses. The XRF method presented here offers rapid, non-destructive total elemental analysis of sediments and soils that is sufficiently accurate to be useful in environmental research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008053503694
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paleolimnological investigation of the effects of road salt seepage on scaled chrysophytes in Fonda Lake, Michigan (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 5 (1991), S. 263-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: scaled chrysophytes ; road salt ; Fonda Lake ; Michigan ; paleolimnology ; sediment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Chrysophyte scales were identified and enumerated from the recent sediments of Fonda Lake, Michigan. This lake has undergone marked salinification due to chloride intrusion from an adjacent salt-storage facility established in 1953. From 1950 to 1980, Mallomonas caudata dominated at all levels; this taxon appears to be chloride-indifferent. M. elongata and M. pseudocoronata appeared to be chloride-intolerant as they declined drastically in abundance when chloride levels attained a maximum (ca. 1968–1972). M. tonsurata, on the other hand, was more competitive during this period of maximum [Cl\s-]. This preliminary study suggests that chrysophyte scales may be useful paleoindicators of salinity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00200349
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dormant bacteria in lake sediments as palaeoecological indicators (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 7 (1992), S. 127-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: bacteria ; dormancy ; longevity ; sediment ; spores ; palaeoecology ; palaeolimnology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Lake sediments contain viable allochthonous bacteria that can be cultured and used for palaeoecological studies. To be a good palaeoindicator, a bacterium must be able to survive in sediments for long periods of time, but also be unable to reproduce in the lake bottom. Bacteria can survive the unfavourable environmental conditions in lake sediments as resting cells. The endospore is the most specialized form and gives the bacterium an extreme longevity. The oldest viable endospores isolated from lake sediments that we are aware of are about 9000 years old. Several species, mainly in the genera Thermoactinomyces, Bacillus and Clostridium, form endospores. Clostridium perfringens has been used as palaeoindicator for sewage pollution, while Thermoactinomyces vulgaris is an indicator for past agricultural activity in the boreal forest zone and a potential climatic indicator in other vegetation zones. Although isolation and enumeration of bacterial endospores from lake sediments is rather easy and has considerable potential as a powerful tool in palaeoecology, the number of studies using palaeoecological approaches is limited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196867
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paleoenvironmental implications of magnetic measurements on sediment core from Kunming Basin, Southwest China (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 3 (1990), S. 95-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: magnetic measurements ; Dianchi Lake ; sediment ; Palaeoenvironmental change ; particle-sizebased characterisation ; China
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Mineral magnetic measurements have been made on a long sediment core from Dianchi Lake, Southwest China. They have been used for sediment stratigraphy, for bulk lithological classification and for detailed particle-size-based characterisation. These results are set alongside those derived from geochemical, granulometric and pollen analysis to reconstruct the environmental processes recorded in the radiocarbon dated sediment column. It is suggested that the variations of magnetic properties in this sediment core are mainly the result of changes in particle size constitution or organic content, implying shifts in the sedimentary environment. Three distinctive stratigraphic horizons, with several subdivisions, have been identified on the basis of the magnetic measurements. They are coincident with the pollen assemblage zones, indicating the different climatic periods in the Kunming Basin since late Pleistocene times. This paper proposes that a major shift in sedimentation, from lake to reedswamp, occurred in approximately 10 000–12 000 BP, in response to climatic change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414065
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A land-use and water-quality history of White Rock Lake reservoir, Dallas, Texas, based on paleolimnological analyses (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 17 (1997), S. 227-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: diatoms ; pollen ; sediment ; reservoir limnology ; land-use change ; Texas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract White Rock Lake reservoir in Dallas, Texas contains a 150-cm sediment record of silty clay that documents land-use changes since its construction in 1912. Pollen analysis corroborates historical evidence that between 1912 and 1950 the watershed was primarily agricultural. Land disturbance by plowing coupled with strong and variable spring precipitation caused large amounts of sediment to enter the lake during this period. Diatoms were not preserved at this time probably because of low productivity compared to diatom dissolution by warm, alkaline water prior to burial in the sediments. After 1956, the watershed became progressively urbanized. Erosion decreased, land stabilized, and pollen of riparian trees increased as the lake water became somewhat less turbid. By 1986 the sediment record indicates that diatom productivity had increased beyond rates of diatom destruction. Neither increased nutrients nor reduced pesticides can account for increased diatom productivity, but grain size studies imply that before 1986 diatoms were light limited by high levels of turbidity. This study documents how reservoirs may relate to land-use practices and how watershed management could extend reservoir life and improve water quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007923829759
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between sedimentary diatom assemblages and lakewater pH values in the Experimental Lakes Area (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 7 (1992), S. 145-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: Experimental Lake Area (ELA) ; paleolimnology ; inferred pH ; diatoms ; acidification ; sediment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Relationships between sedimentary diatom assemblages and lakewater pH values from 36 lakes and experimentally acidified Lake 223, in the Experimental Lakes Area, were analyzed. The relationships were used to assign diatoms in the 36 lakes into pH preference groupings. Based on their regional distribution Cyclotella stelligera and Tabellaria flocculosa strain IIIp were categorized as pH indifferent, in comparison to other areas were they have been categorized as acidophilic. Two models were then applied to calculate transfer coefficients which were used to calculate diatom-inferred pH values for Lake 223. Index B and a multiple linear regression of the pH groupings yielded similar correlations (r2 0.82 and 0.84 respectively, p=0.0001). The multiple linear regression inferred a pH of 5.36 for acidified Lake 223 compared to a measured pH of 5.46.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196869
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent environmental history of a large, originally oligotrophic lake in Finland: a palaeolimnological study of chironomid remains (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 9 (1993), S. 129-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: palaeolimnology ; environmental change ; sediment ; eutrophication ; chironomids ; Finland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The sedimentary chironomid stratigraphy in short-core samples covering approx. the past 150 years was studied in the northernmost basin of Lake Päijänne, southern Finland (62° 11′ N, 25° 48′ E). The basin has received effluent loading from the wood-processing industry and municipal waste water. Four developmental stages were distinguished based on the changes in chironomid assemblages: 1. Pre-industrial stage (dated by the210Pb method as covering approximately the period 1838–1936), 2. Stage of increasing pollution (approx. 1944–1973), 3. The ‘black decade’, or the period of worst pollution (approx. 1973–1983), and 4. Water protection stage (approx. 1983 onwards). During the first stage the basin suffered very little human interference and was oligotrophic, with values of 4.00–4.28 for Wiederholm's Benthic Quality Index (BQI). During the second stage it altered between weak mesotrophy and moderate mesotrophy, and the former profundal assemblages characterized byHeterotrissocladius subpilosus andMicropsectra were replaced bySergentia coracina andChironomus anthracinus gr. The BQI ranged from 2.75 to 3.50. This process led to the extirpation ofH. subpilosus. Eutrophication of the basin reached its climax during the ‘black decade’, representing moderate eutrophy with a BQI of 2.15. The profundal assemblages were composed mainly ofChironomus anthracinus gr. andC. plumosus gr. The adoption of more effective waste water purification processes in both the wood-processing industry and the municipal treatment plant markedly reduced effluent loading, especially BOD loading during the fourth stage, and this led to a recovery in the basin. At present it is mesotrophic, with a BQI of 2.90–3.00, and its biological conditions resemble those of the second stage in the 1950's and 1960's.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00677514
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Importance of diffuse nutrient loading and lake level changes to the eutrophication of an originally oligotrophic boreal lake: a palaeolimnological diatom and chironomid analysis (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 24 (2000), S. 251-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: jpalaeolimnology ; boreal lake ; diffuse loading ; eutrophication ; sediment ; trophic state ; diatoms ; chironomids ; Finland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The recent environmental history of Lake Lappajärvi in western Finland (63°00′ N, 23°30′ E, area 149 km2), a humic, brown water lake with an average phosphorus content of ca. 20 μg l–1, was studied from short core sediment samples taken from the two main basins of the lake. Based on the stratigraphy of diatoms and chironomids and the sediment quality it was possible to distinguish four developmental stages during the past century: (1) a pre-industrial stage covering the time up to about 1935; (2) a stage of increasing nutrient loading (ca. 1936–1960); (3) a stage of pronounced erosion from lake level regulation and extensive ditching of the catchment area (ca. 1960–1970); and (4) a meso-eutrophic stage from ca. 1970 onwards. Acidophilous Aulacoseira distans coll. and other species typical of dystrophic, nutrient-poor lakes characterized the diatom assemblages during the first stage, and the profundal zoobenthic assemblages, characterized by Heterotrissocladius subpilosus and Micropsectra, indicated good hypolimnetic oxygen conditions and a low sedimentation of organic matter (approx. less than 50 g m–2 a–1). The increased loading rapidly led to changes both in diatoms and chironomids (e.g., to an early extinction of H. subpilosus in the 1950s). The process finally led to eutrophication with a successive proliferation of diatom species such as Asterionella formosa followed by Aulacoseira ambigua, Fragilaria crotonensis, and finally Melosira varians. The relative proportion of alkaliphilous species reached a maximum in the final stage and the original profundal chironomid fauna was replaced by Chironomus anthracinus gr. and C. plumosus which are typical of profundal areas suffering from temporal oxygen deficit. It is notable that the considerable decrease in waste water loading from the point sources (80–86% ) during the past two decades has not led to a recovery in the lake. This highlights the importance of diffuse loading from agriculture, forestry and other human activities even to this comparatively large lake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008111117718
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of landscape position on the sediment chemistry of abandoned-channel wetlands (1996)
    Springer
    Landscape ecology 11 (1996), S. 27-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Keywords: abandoned channels ; floodplain ; nitrogen ; organic matter ; phosphorous ; potassium ; sediment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The nature of sediments in abandoned channels is an important component of their development as floodplain wetlands. The texture, organic matter, phosphorous, potassium, and nitrogen content of sediments were determined for abandoned channels along the Iowa and Cedar Rivers near their confluence in Iowa. Differences in the levels of these constituents were examined among categories of three landscape gradients: present connectivity to the river, time since abandonment, and proximity to agricultural land use. Local scale processes of ecological development are seen in the importance of time for increased organic matter and nitrogen. Basin scale processes of sediment transport and deposition are revealed by the importance of connectivity for decreases in these two elements, and by the counter-intuitive findings for nitrogen and especially phosphorous and potassium in relation to agricultural proximity. Location on a floodplain is important for differentiating development, but it cannot be reduced to univariate gradients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02087111
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimated stocks of organic carbon in mangrove roots and sediments in Hinchinbrook Channel, Australia (1998)
    Springer
    Mangroves and salt marshes 2 (1998), S. 199-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-977X
    Keywords: mangrove ; organic carbon ; Rhizophora ; root biomass ; sediment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Above‐ground and below‐ground root biomasses (Babove and Broot) were measured for young, isolated Rhizophorastylosa on Iriomote Island, Japan. The relationship between these two parameters was significant and given as the equation, Broot (g dry weight) = 0.394 × Babove (g dry weight) − 485  (r = 0.986). Multiple regression analyses also revealed good correlation between diameter and biomass of prop roots (Dprop and Bprop) and between prop root and root biomasses. Consequently, root biomass could be estimated from the measurements of diameter and biomass of prop roots using the multiple regression equation, Broot (g dry weight) = 80.0 ×Dprop (cm) + 0.86 ×Bprop  (g dry weight) − 251. The relationship between DBH (diameter at breast height) and prop root biomass was also adequately described using an allometric equation. In Hinchinbrook Channel, Australia, redox potential (measured as Eh) and organic carbon stocks in the top 5 cm of mangrove sediments were measured along a 600 m transect from the frequently inundated, Rhizophora dominated zone on the creek edge, towards higher grounds, where Ceriops spp. became increasingly dominant. Eh values were about −60 mV near the creek edge and increased to 260 mV on higher grounds. Organic carbon stocks showed an opposite trend to Eh, with the values decreasing from about 360 t C ha−1 to 160 t C ha−1. At 18 sites, representing six different habitats, organic carbon stocks were also measured along with the DBH of mangrove trees. DBH was converted into above‐ground biomass and then into root biomass using the equations obtained in the study on Iriomote Island. The average organic carbon stocks in the top 50 cm of sediments, above‐ground biomass and root biomass were 296 t C ha−1, 123 t C ha−1 and 52 t C ha−1, respectively, and accounted for 64%, 25% and 11% of the total organic carbon stock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009959909208
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field and model studies of the fate of particulate carbon in mangrove‐fringed Hinchinbrook Channel, Australia (1998)
    Springer
    Mangroves and salt marshes 2 (1998), S. 205-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-977X
    Keywords: carbon flux ; flocculation ; Hinchinbrook ; mangroves ; sediment ; turbidity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A field and model study was undertaken in 1996/1997 of the dynamics of water, fine sediment and particulate carbon in the northern region of the mangrove‐fringed Hinchinbrook Channel, Australia. The currents were primarily tidal and modulated by the wind. Biological detritus acted as a coagulant for the fine cohesive sediment in suspension in the mangrove‐fringed, muddy coastal waters. Plankton and bacteria were the major aggregating agents at neap tides, and mangrove detritus at spring tides. The micro‐aggregates were typically several hundreds of micrometer in diameter and enhanced the settling rate. The fate of fine sediment and particulate carbon was controlled by the dynamics of the coastal boundary layer, a turbid shallow coastal water zone along the mangrove‐fringed coast. A tidally‐modulated, turbidity maximum zone was found in this layer. Wind stirring increased the turbidity by a factor of five. The channel behaves as a sink trapping fine sediment and particulate carbon. However, the sink was ‘leaky’ because the dynamics of the coastal boundary layer generated a net outflow of fine sediment out of the channel along the western coast. The biologically enhanced settling of cohesive sediment limited the offshore extent of the muddy suspension to within a few hundreds of meters from the coast. At spring flood tides, some of this particulate carbon was advected into the mangrove forest where it would remain trapped. On a yearly basis about six times as much particulate carbon was exported out of Hinchinbrook Channel through the coastal boundary layer than was trapped in the fringing mangroves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009971326046
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salt marshes – present functioning and future change (1999)
    Springer
    Mangroves and salt marshes 3 (1999), S. 227-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-977X
    Keywords: flux ; habitat creation ; nutrient ; organic ; pollution ; sea level rise ; sediment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Salt marshes are no longer viewed as intertidal wastelands of little value to anyone. They are now widely recognised as playing a major role in coastal defence, in wildlife conservation on the coast and as a key source of organic material and nutrients vitally important for a wide range of marine communities. This appreciation of the importance of salt marshes has been brought even more sharply into focus because of the threats posed by predicted rise in sea level as a result of global climatic change. Three decades ago the possibilities of exchanges of organic matter between salt marshes and the sea were already being recognised in certain areas but it is only in the past five years or so that this process has been studied in a wide range of different areas. Detailed studies have been made into the way that salt marsh fluxes change with the development of increasingly mature and, therefore, increasingly complex salt marsh communities. As well as being sources and sinks of mineral nutrients and organic matter, salt marshes can also function as a sink for pollutants that would otherwise be damaging to the environment. Salt marshes also act as a sink for sediment within coastal ecosystems. Through their various functions they can be seen to be acting as dynamic living filters for various ecologically important materials. With increasing threats to the survival of salt marshes as a result of man's activities in the coastal zone being augmented by the threats from predicted sea level rise, a new approach to salt marsh conservation has come to the fore and that is the actual creation of new salt marshes. For this process to be fully effective we have to make full use of our increased understanding of salt marsh structure and function. Following a review of the current state of the art in the field of salt marsh research, an assessment is made of specific future research needs. Despite the greatly increased effort which has been directed to salt marsh research over the past few years we still have to recognise that resources are limited and, therefore, critical evaluations of the various options regarding the direction of our future efforts need to be made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009998812838
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of C,N,P distribution in soils of riparian forests (1992)
    Springer
    Landscape ecology 6 (1992), S. 121-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Keywords: floodplain ; geomorphology ; sediment ; nutrients ; organic carbon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract It is now well accepted that riparian forests have an important role in regulating upstream/downstream flow of matter and energy in river ecosystems. Since geomorphic processes determine the structure of channels and floodplains, we have investigated whether different geomorphic features of riparian forests had any effects on the ability of their soils to retain nutrients and organic carbon. Willow riparian forests were chosen within the annual floodplain of the Garonne River, southwest France, to represent two different geomorphic types. Erosional types of riparian forests (E-type) were characterized by sand deposition on their soils because of high current velocity which hampered fine particle deposition. Depositional types of riparian forests (D-type) were characterized by slower overflow velocity; consequently silt and clay were dominant in their soils. Soil samples were taken at the end of the vegetation growth period, coinciding with low water levels prior to annual floods. Erosion and sedimentation processes affected the distribution of total C,N, and P contents in riparian forest soils, since they were significantly correlated with soil grain size. D-type riparian forest soils act as a sink for upstream/downstream nutrients and carbon flows during floods through accumulation of total C,N and P from year to year. In contrast, E-type riparian forests act as potential nutrient sources during high water periods, since they may release from their soils large amounts of easily available C, N and P into the river. These results demonstrate that nutrients and carbon retention ability of riparian forests soils should be analyzed through their geomorphic features rather than by their vegetation composition. Even if they belong to the same vegetation succession, riparian forests should not be considered as a homogeneous buffering system for upstream/downstream flows of nutrients and organic carbon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00130025
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the genesis of the soil mantle of the region of Manaus, Central Amazonia, Brazil (1987)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 234-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Rain forest ; sediment ; latosol ; podzol ; geochemical land morphogenesis ; dynamic ; equilibrium and disequilibrium ; aluminium ; silica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The dynamics of the forest to the north of Manaus is tightly linked to that of the soil. The latosol that covers the plateau, which supports a dense forest, consists from top to bottom of: (a) a brown, clayey organic horizon (0.3 m), (b) a yellow horizon, very rich in clay but permeable (from 0.3 to 4 m), (c) a nodular horizon rich in Al and Fe oxides (from 4 to 9 m), and (d) a horizon which still preserves the sedimentary structures of the parent sandstone, where quartz is intensely dissolved and kaolinite crystallizes in pores. In perfectly flat areas, the clay of the organic horizon is destroyed by acidocomplexolysis, and the dissolved Al is transported vertically by the drainage water. A part of this Al is used to make the gibbsite nodules of horizon (c), and the rest is used to make kaolinite in horizon (d). Because aluminum is thus conserved within any vertical prism, the rate of destruction of horizon (a) is equivalent to the rate of advance of the kaolinization zone into the sediment: the latosol is said to be in equilibrium, the surface remains perfectly flat as it slowly sinks, the quantity of kaolinite increases with time, and the silica released by quartz dissolution in the whole profile is exported by drainage water to the water table. In contrast, near drainage axes, however small initially, the drainage becomes inclined toward the axis. Part of the Al released by acidocomplexolysis of horizon (a) is now exported to rivers, and Al is no longer conserved within any given prism. The rate of advance of the kaolinization zone (d) into the sediment now becomes less than the rate of destruction of horizon (a) and the surface sinks faster than that of the surrounding plateau. After this differential ‘podzolization’ has gone on long enough, it creates a network of ‘geochemical valleys’ characterized by convex slopes and bounded by sandy soils (campinas). The vegetation becomes sparser and sparser. At the end, only some bushes and lichens survive on the white sand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01945546
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemistry of high mountain lakes in siliceous chatchments of the Central Eastern Alps (1989)
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 51 (1989), S. 108-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Chemistry ; mountain lakes ; silica ; acidity ; sediment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Alpine lakes in siliceous catchments of Tyrol and Carinthia (Austria) show signs of acidification. About 9% of the studied lakes have no alkalinity, more than 20% are below pH 6. About two thirds of all lakes have acid neutralizing capacities below 100 μeq 1−1. In spite of moderate precipitation acidity, some lakes show considerable concentrations of dissolved reactive aluminum during or shortly after snowmelt. High altitude lakes of the Alps are definitely more acidic than high mountain lakes in remote areas. Large differences in water and soil chemistry of nearby situated lakes were attributed to heterogeneities of bedrock geology. Paleolimnological investigations on former pH values of five lakes, based on diatom assemblages in the sediment, showed different developments: recent and past acidification, stable conditions, and alkalinization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879298
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between texture and fractions of inorganic phosphorus in the surface sediment of a reservoir (1989)
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 51 (1989), S. 306-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Inorganic phosphorus ; sediment ; grain size ; reservoir
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Inorganic P was fractionated into three categories (NaOH-, BD- and HCI-extractable) for 30 surface sediment samples in La Minilla Reservoir (Sevilla, Spain). The amount of reactive P extracted with NaOH (NaOH-RP) and with HCI (HCI-RP) correlated in a multivariate regression with the clay and sand content of the sediment. This multivariate function should aid in predicting the amount of phosphorus available to the sediment organisms, and it can also contribute to the knowledge of the phosphorus budget of the reservoir.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877174
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of coprostanol as a specific allochthonous fecal indicator in surface sediment of the Lake of Neuchâtel (1990)
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 52 (1990), S. 130-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Coprostanol ; cholestanol ; cholesterol ; fecal indicator ; sediment ; microbial reduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Coprostanol has been proven to be a good specific allochthonous fecal indicator in sedimentary surface samples of the lake of Neuchâtel (Switzerland). Its concentration is slightly affected in surface sediment by the microbial reduction of cholesterol to cholestanol and coprostanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00902375
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Fate of Chernobyl137Cs in Lake Lugano (1992)
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 54 (1992), S. 238-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Chernobyl ; Cs-137 ; sediment ; pore water ; redox processes ; Lake Lugano (Lago di Lugano)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A rapid removal of Chernobyl137Cs from a number of large lakes has been previously reported. Our measurements of137Cs in water, sediments and pore water in the mono- and meromictic basins of Lake Lugano (Lago di Lugano) reveal generally slower half-removal times of 1.2 and 6.7 yrs, respectively. In the seasonally anoxic southern basin, this is most probably related to an intensive recycling of137Cs between water and sediments. In the permanently stratified northern basin the removal rate is much slower due to an important inventory build up in the deep anoxic part of the basin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878139
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impacts of hydroperiod on growth and survival of larval amphibians in temporary ponds of Central Pennsylvania, USA (1995)
    Springer
    Oecologia 102 (1995), S. 397-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Ambystoma ; Mesocosms ; Predation ; Rana ; Wetlands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of variable hydroperiod (three levels) and initial density of amphibians (two levels) on survival, growth rate, and time to and mass at metamorphosis were studied for wood frogs (Rana sylvatica), Jefferson salamanders (Ambystoma jeffersonianum), and spotted salamanders (A. maculatum). Experiments were carried out in 260-1 mesocosms set up outdoors in a forest. These pond simulations were designed to mimic conditions that occur in palustrine temporary wetlands in central Pennsylvania. No animals reached metamorphosis in the short hydroperiod (56 days). However a greater proportion (66%) of tadpoles of R. sylvatica survived to the end of the 56-day, treatment than the 84- or 158-day treatments (29 and 14%, respectively), from which all survivors metamorphosed. In contrast, neither of the salamanders metamorphosed by 84 days; survival to metamorphosis at 158 days was 15% for A. jeffersonianum and 10% for A. maculatum. Average instantaneous growth rates for A. jeffersonianum decreased with each increase in hydroperiod. Growth of R. sylvatica was greater in the 56-day hydroperiod than in hydroperiods of 84 or 158 days. Initial amphibian density had no effect on growth or survival of any species. It appears that salamander larvae were predatory on tadpoles, since survival of R. sylvatica was negatively correlated with survival of A. jeffersonianum in 84-day treatments and with growth of A. maculatum in 158-day treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341351
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen and carbon dynamics in C3 and C4 estuarine marsh plants grown under elevated CO2 in situ (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 78 (1989), S. 297-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide ; Nitrogen ; Spartina ; Scirpus ; Wetlands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Carbon dioxide concentrations were elevated in three estuarine communities for an entire growing season. Open top chambers were used to raise CO2 concentrations ca. 336 ppm above ambient in monospecific communities of Scirpus olneyi (C3) and Spartina patens (C4), and a mixed community of S. olneyi, S. patens and Distichlis spicata (C4). Nitrogen and carbon concentration (% wt) of aboveground tissue was followed throughout growth and senescence. Green shoot %N was reduced and %C was unchanged under elevated CO2 in S. olneyi. This resulted in a 20%–40% increase in tissue C/N ratio. There was no effect of CO2 on either C4 species. Maximum aboveground N (g/m2) was unchanged in S. olneyi, indicating that increased productivity under elevated CO2 was dependent on reallocation of stored N. There was no change in the N recovery efficiency of S. olneyi in pure stand and a decrease in the mixed community. Litter C/N ratio was not affected by elevated CO2 suggesting that decomposition and N mineralization rates will also remain unchanged. Continued growth responses to elevated CO2 could, however, be limited by the ability of S. olneyi to increase the total aboveground N pool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379101
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental gradients in northwest freshwater wetlands (1986)
    Springer
    Environmental management 10 (1986), S. 125-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Environmental characteristics ; Boundary definition ; Zonal properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Wetland environmental characteristics are examined to determine their spatial and temporal relationships. Two very different Oregon freshwater wetlands provided a range of wetland types. Results are evaluated to determine the possible use of environmental characteristics in defining wetlands and their boundaries. Representative physical, hydrological, and edaphic properties were periodically measured in microplots along upland/wetland transects. A multivariate approach is stressed in the data analysis; correlation, cluster analysis, and principal components analyses were used. The results indicate the environmental characteristics change in a quantifiable manner both spatially and temporally. The controlling mechanism is moisture, spatially in terms of the upland/wetland transect and temporally with respect to seasonal response. These changes do not correlate well with vegetation. Several hypotheses are offered as an explanation. Correlation within environmental characteristics is variable but definite patterns are discernible. These data suggest both single and combinations of environmental characteristics that could serve as “keys” in wetland identification and boundary determination. However, before extensive use is made of this information additional long-term monitoring of wetland environmental characteristics will be required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01866425
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of power utility rights-of-way on wooded wetland (1986)
    Springer
    Environmental management 10 (1986), S. 809-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Swamp ; Rights-of-way ; Vegetation ; Environmental impact
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This study documents the effects of power utility right-of-way construction and maintenance on the vegetation of a wooded wetland in North Reading, Massachusetts, USA. Neither activity had a substantial, long-term negative impact. Except for differences in size and maturity, the vegetation recovered in two years from nearly total destruction caused by construction. Maintenance that included the periodic removal of high-growing species led to the formation of a plant association different from the one occurring naturally, but as diverse and species rich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867733
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Louisiana wetland loss: A regional water management approach to the problem (1988)
    Springer
    Environmental management 12 (1988), S. 181-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Louisiana ; Mississippi Delta ; Sediment ; Accretion deficit ; Land loss ; Wetlands ; Management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Loss of Louisiana's coastal wetlands has reached catastrophic proportions. The loss rate is approximately 150 km2/yr (100 acres/day) and is increasing exponentially. Total wetland loss since the turn of the century has been almost 0.5 million ha (1.1 million acres) and represents an area larger than Rhode Island. The physical cause of the problem lies in man's attempts to control the Mississippi River's flooding, while enhancing navigation and extracting minerals. Levee systems and control structures confine sediments that once nourished the wetlands to the river channel. As a consequence, the ultimate sediment deposition is in deep Gulf waters off the Louisiana coast. The lack of sediment input to the interdistributary wetlands results in an accretion deficit. Natural and human-induced subsidence exceeds accretion so that the wetlands sink below sea level and convert to water. The solution is to provide a thin veneer of sediment (approximately 0.6 cm/yr; an average of 1450 g m−2 yr−1) over the coastal marshes and swamps and thus prevent the submergence of vegetation. The sediment source is the Mississippi River system. Calculations show that 9.2% of the river's annual suspended sediment load would be required to sustain the deltaic plain wetlands. It should be distributed during the six high-water months (December–June) through as disaggregated a network as possible. The problem is one of distribution: how can the maximum acres of marsh be nourished with the least cost? At present, the river is managed through federal policy for the benefit of navigation and flood control. A new policy structure, recognizing the new role for the river-sediment distribution, is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01873387
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cumulative impacts on water quality functions of wetlands (1988)
    Springer
    Environmental management 12 (1988), S. 639-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Water quality ; Cumulative impact
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The total effect of cumulative impacts on the water quality functions of wetlands cannot be predicted from the sum of the effects each individual impact would have by itself. The wetland is not a simple filter; it embodies chemical, physical, and biotic processes that can detain, transform, release, or produce a wide variety of substances. Because wetland water quality functions result from the operation of many individual, distinct, and quite dissimilar mechanisms, it is necessary to consider the nature of each individual process. Sound knowledge of the various wetland processes is needed to make guided judgements about the probable effects of a given suite of impacts. Consideration of these processes suggests that many common wetland alterations probably do entail cumulative impact. In addition to traditional assessment methods, the wetland manager may need to obtain appropriate field measurements of water quality-related parameters at specific sites; such data can aid in predicting the effects of cumulative impact or assessing the results of past wetland management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867542
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Issues and approaches in assessing cumulative impacts on waterbird habitat in wetlands (1988)
    Springer
    Environmental management 12 (1988), S. 695-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Wildlife ; Habitat ; Cumulative impacts ; Losses ; Perturbations ; Waterbirds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Wetlands are attractive to vertebrates because of their abundant nutrient resources and habitat diversity. Because they are conspicuous, vertebrates commonly are used as indicators of changes in wetlands produced by environmental impacts. Such impacts take place at the landscape level where extensive areas are lost; at the wetland complex level where some (usually small) units of a closely spaced group of wetlands are drained or modified; or at the level of the individual wetland through modification or fragmentation that impacts its habitat value. Vertebrates utilize habitats differently according to age, sex, geographic location, and season, and habitat evaluations based on isolated observations can be biased. Current wetland evaluation systems incorporate wildlife habitat as a major feature, and the habitat evaluation procedure focuses only on habitat. Several approaches for estimating bird habitat losses are derived from population curves based on natural and experimentally induced population fluctuations. Additional research needs and experimental approaches are identified for addressing cumulative impacts on wildlife habitat values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867546
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developing the scientific basis for assessing cumulative effects of wetland loss and degradation on landscape functions: Status, perspectives, and prospects (1988)
    Springer
    Environmental management 12 (1988), S. 751-771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Cumulative impact assessment ; Wetlands ; Landscapes ; Functional grouping ; Temporal and spatial scale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The incongruity between the regional and national scales at which wetland losses are occurring, and the project-specific scale at which wetlands are regulated and studied, has become obvious. This article presents a synthesis of recent efforts by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Ecosystems Research Center at Cornell University to bring wetland science and regulation into alignment with the reality of the cumulative effects of wetland loss and degradation on entire landscapes and regions. The synthesis is drawn from the other articles in this volume, the workshop that initiated them, and the scientific literature. It summarizes the status of our present scientific understanding, discusses means by which to actualize the existing potential for matching the scales of research and regulation with the scales at which effects are observed, and provides guidelines for building a stronger scientific base for landscape-level assessments of cumulative effects. It also provides the outlines for a synoptic and qualitative approach to cumulative effects assessment based on a reexamination of the generic assessment framework we proposed elsewhere in this volume. The primary conclusion to be drawn from the articles and the workshop is that a sound scientific basis for regulation will not come merely from acquiring more information on more variables. It will come from recognizing that a perceptual shift to larger temporal, spatial, and organizational scales is overdue. The shift in scale will dictate different—not necessarily more—variables to be measured in future wetland research and considered in wetland regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867550
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluating cumulative effects on wetland functions: A conceptual overview and generic framework (1988)
    Springer
    Environmental management 12 (1988), S. 565-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Cumulative impact assessment ; Wetlands ; Landscapes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This article outlines conceptual and methodological issues that must be confronted in developing a sound scientific basis for investigating cumulative effects on freshwater wetlands. We are particularly concerned with: (1) effects expressed at temporal and spatial scales beyond those of the individual disturbance, specific project, or single wetland, that is, effects occurring at the watershed or regional landscape level; and (2) the scientific (technical) component of the overall assessment process. Our aim is to lay the foundation for a research program to develop methods to quantify cumulative effects of wetland loss or degradation on the functioning of interacting systems of wetlands. Toward that goal we: (1) define the concept of cumulative effects in terms that permit scientific investigation of effects; (2) distinguish the scientific component of cumulative impact analysis from other aspects of the assessment process; (3) define critical scientific issues in assessing cumulative effects on wetlands; and (4) set up a hypothetical and generic structure for measuring cumulative effects on the functioning of wetlands as landscape systems. We provide a generic framework for evaluating cumulative effects on three basic wetland landscape functions: flood storage, water quality, and life support. Critical scientific issues include appropriate delineations of scales, identification of threshold responses, and the influence on different functions of wetland size, shape, and position in the landscape. The contribution of a particular wetland to landscape function within watersheds or regions will be determined by its intrinsic characteristics, e.g., size, morphometry, type, percent organic matter in the sediments, and hydrologic regime, and by extrinsic factors, i.e., the wetland's context in the landscape mosaic. Any cumulative effects evaluation must take into account the relationship between these intrinsic and extrinsic attributes and overall landscape function. We use the magnitude of exchanges among component wetlands in a watershed or larger landscape as the basis for defining the geographic boundaries of the assessment. The time scales of recovery for processes controlling particular wetland functions determine temporal boundaries. Landscape-level measures are proposed for each function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867536
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of power-line construction on wetland vegetation in Massachusetts, USA (1989)
    Springer
    Environmental management 13 (1989), S. 477-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Utility rights-of-way ; Vegetation-Environmental impact assessment ; Eastern Massachusetts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Utility rights-of-way corridors through wetland areas generate long-term impacts from construction activities to these valuable ecosystems. Changes to and recovery of the vegetation communities of a cattail marsh, wooded swamp, and shrub/bog wetland were documented through measurements made each growing season for two years prior, five years following, and again on the tenth year after construction of a 345-kV transmission line. While both the cattail marsh and wooded swamp recovered within a few years, measures of plant community composition in the shrub/bog wetland were still lower, compared to controls, after ten years. Long-term investigations such as the one reported here help decrease uncertainty and provide valuable information for future decision making regarding construction of power utility lines through valuable and dwindling wetland resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867681
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential coastal impacts of contemporary changing climate on South Asian seas states (1990)
    Springer
    Environmental management 14 (1990), S. 33-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Regional climate change ; Sea levels ; Coastal zone management ; Erosion/subsidence ; Tourism ; Beaches ; Wetlands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The threat of man-induced global change on the nations of the South Asian seas region varies from place to place because of differences in exposure to monsoons and stoms, differences in local tectonics and subsidence, and variations in air and sea climates. Because several nations are involved, some having subsistence budgets, and given the cost of deriving independently a comprehensive response to global change, the similarities and differences between national settings must be identified soon. These comparisons will form the basis for local response strategies: the similarities provide a basis for responses similar to that of other nations and the differences provide for local adaptation. That climate change on the South Asian coastal region will have an impact is certain: its economics, environment, and coastal land uses are dominated to a certain extent by this marine influence. The extent of these impacts, however, is uncertain. Accompanying global change will be changes in sea level, differences in storm climate, and altered precipitation patterns; science cannot define today what pattern these changes will take. Because global change is inevitable—although its magnitude, timing, and geographic distribution are unknown—the South Asian seas region should begin the appropriate research and planning studies to set forth a reasoned response to global change, for implementation when scientific evidence for global change is more quantitative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02394017
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-quality effectiveness of a detention/wetland treatment system and its effect on an urban lake (1991)
    Springer
    Environmental management 15 (1991), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Lake management ; Phosphorus ; Water quality ; Watershed treatment systems ; Wetlands ; Ponds ; Minnesota ; Urban runoff
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A newly installed combined detention/wetland stormwater treatment facility upstream from Lake McCarrons, Roseville, Minnesota, was monitored for 21 months to evaluate its effectiveness and the response of the lake to decreased phosphorus loads. The treatment facility consists of a 1.0-ha detention pond that discharges into a series of six constructed wetland “chambers.” Data from snowmelt and rainfall events are presented for several pollutants. Results show good reductions for most pollutants. Discussion on the facets of the system's operation are presented. Data from the lake show very little change in its water quality from three years prior to restoration (1984–1986) to three years following restoration (1987–1989): the lake's phosphorus and chlorophyll has actually increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02393844
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of wetlands for water quality improvement under the USEPA Region V Clean Lakes Program (1991)
    Springer
    Environmental management 15 (1991), S. 151-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Water quality ; Lake restoration ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; Wetland protection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Region V Clean Lakes Program employs artificial and modified natural wetlands in an effort to improve the water quality of selected lakes. We examined use of wetlands at seven lake sites and evaluated the physical and institutional means by which wetland projects are implemented and managed, relative to USEPA program goals and expert recommendations on the use of wetlands for water quality improvement. Management practices recommended by wetlands experts addressed water level and retention, sheet flow, nutrient removal, chemical treatment, ecological and effectiveness monitoring, and resource enhancement. Institutional characteristics recommended included local monitoring, regulation, and enforcement and shared responsibilities among jurisdictions. Institutional and ecological objectives of the National Clean Lakes Program were met to some degree at every site. Social objectives were achieved to a lesser extent. Wetland protection mechanisms and appropriate institutional decentralization were present at all sites. Optimal management techniques were employed to varying degrees at each site, but most projects lack adequate monitoring to determine adverse ecological impacts and effectiveness of pollutant removal and do not extensively address needs for recreation and wildlife habitat. There is evidence that the wetland projects are contributing to improved lake water quality; however, more emphasis needs to be placed on wetland protection and long-term project evaluation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02393847
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional characteristics of land use in Northeast and Southern Blue Ridge Province: Associations with acid rain effects on surface-water chemistry (1991)
    Springer
    Environmental management 15 (1991), S. 269-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Land use ; Acid rain ; Water chemistry ; Wetlands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The Direct/Delayed Response Project (DDRP) is one of several studies being conducted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency to assess risk to surface waters from acidic deposition in the eastern United States. In one phase of DDRP, land use, wetland, and forest cover data were collected for statistical samples of 145 Northeast lake and 35 Southern Blue Ridge Province stream watersheds in the United States. Land-use and other data then were extrapolated from individual to target watershed populations. Project statistical design allows summarization of results for various subsets of the target population. This article discusses results and implications of the land-use and land-cover characterization for both regions. Forest cover was the primary land use in both regions. In the Northeast, developed (agriculture and urban) land was positively associated with surface-water chemistry values for acid neutralizing capacity, Ca plus Mg, pH, and sulfate in the Pocono/Catskill subregion. Extensive wetlands and beaver activity occur in parts of the Northeast region, whereas topography limits wetland and riparian development in the Southern Blue Ridge Province. Northeast soils have low sulfate adsorption capacity, most watersheds are near sulfur steady state, and lake sulfate concentrations are controlled principally by levels of sulfur deposition. Net annual sulfur retention in Northeast watersheds is positively correlated with occurrence of wetlands and beaver impoundments. In contrast, most Southern Blue Ridge Province soils have high sulfate adsorption capacities, resulting in high net watershed sulfur retention. At the present time, stream sulfate concentrations and percent sulfur retention are controlled principally by soil chemical properties related to adsorption rather than atmospheric deposition and land use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02393859
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trends and patterns in section 404 permitting requiring compensatory mitigation in Oregon and Washington, USA (1992)
    Springer
    Environmental management 16 (1992), S. 109-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Clean Water Act ; Mitigation ; Wetland creation ; Pacific Northwest ; Washington ; Oregon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The effects of permitting decisions made under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act for which compensatory mitigation was required were examined. Information was compiled on permits issued in Oregon (January 1977–January 1987) and Washington (1980–1986). Data on the type of project permitted, wetland impacted, and mitigation project were collected and analyzed. The records of the Portland and Seattle District Offices of the US Army Corps of Engineers and of Environmental Protection Agency Region X were the primary sources of information. The 58 permits issued during the years of concern in Oregon document impacts to 82 wetlands and the creation of 80. The total area of wetland impacted was 74 ha while 42 ha were created, resulting in a net loss of 32 ha or 43%. The 35 permits issued in Washington document impacts to 72 wetlands and the creation of 52. The total area of wetland impacted was 61 ha while 45 ha were created, resulting in a net loss of 16 ha or 26%. In both states, the number of permits requiring compensation increased with time. The area of the impacted and created wetlands tended to be ≤0.40 ha. Permitted activity occurred primarily west of the Cascade Mountains and in the vicinity of urban centers. Estuarine and palustrine wetlands were impacted and created most frequently. The wetland types created most often were not always the same as those impacted; therefore, local gains and losses of certain types occurred. In both states the greatest net loss in area was in freshwater marshes. This study illustrates how Section 404 permit data might be used in managing a regional wetland resource. However, because the data readily available were either incomplete or of poor quality, the process of gathering information was very labor intensive. Since similar analyses would be useful to resource managers and scientists from other areas, development of an up-to-date standardized data base is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02393913
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Management plan for an alkali sink and its endangered plantCordylanthus palmatus (1993)
    Springer
    Environmental management 17 (1993), S. 115-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Endangered species ; Wetlands ; Vernal pools ; Alkali sink ; Plant ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Cordylanthus palmatus is a hemiparasitic annual of the family Scrophulareacae. It is on both the federal and state lists of endangered species. Only four widely separated populations remain, all of them in alkali sinks, where the plant thrives in saline-sodic soils. The largest population is at Springtown, Alameda County, California. This article reports on efforts to develop a management plan for both the plant and the alkali sink ecosystem. The plan is based on: (1) characterization of hydrology, soils and geomorphology of the site; (2) characterization of the land use impacts to the site; (3) analysis of plant distribution in relation to gradients of elevation and soil chemistry; (4) studies on water potential and water stress inCordylanthus palmatus and associated species. On the basis of this plan, both the State of California and private groups are cooperating to create, restore, and manage a preserve in the Springtown Alkali Sink.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02393800
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring wetland changes with remote sensing: An East African example (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental management 20 (1996), S. 411-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Africa ; Ethiopia ; Kenya ; Omo ; Turkana ; Wetlands ; Remote sensing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Environmental managers need current, accurate information upon which to base decisions. Viable information, especially in developing countries, is often unavailable. Satellite remote sensing is an appropriate and effective data source for mapping the surface of the earth, including a variety of environmental features. Remote-sensing-derived information is enhanced by being one component within a geographic information system (GIS). These techniques were employed to study an expanding delta in East Africa. The Omo River flows from the Ethiopian Highlands into the northern end of Lake Turkana, creating a large delta extending between Ethiopia and Kenya. This isolated and unique wetland feature has expanded by over 500 sq km in the last 15 years as measured by space-borne remote sensing techniques and corroborated by low-altitude aircraft reconnaissance flights. The growth of the delta appears to be a function of both increased sedimentation and decreased lake levels and river flows. Within the delta there has been a selective decline in wildlife and an increase in human activity, both pastoral and agricultural. The uniqueness of this isolated delta suggests that consideration be given to its possible protection and management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01203848
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vegetative delineation of coastal salt marsh boundaries (1983)
    Springer
    Environmental management 7 (1983), S. 443-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Salt marshes ; Wetlands ; Wetland management ; Wetland boundaries ; Coastal vegetation ; Coastal ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Legislation mandating the protection of wetlands, combined with current pressures to convert them to other uses, emphasize the need to determine accurately a wetland-upland boundary We investigated six methods designed to establish such a boundary based on vegetation Each method was applied to a common data set obtained from 295 quadrats along 22 transects between marsh and upland areas in 13 intertidal saline wetlands in Oregon and Washington. The multiple occurrence, joint occurrence, and five percent methods required plant species to be classified as salt marsh, upland, and non-indicator, cluster and similarity methods required no initial classification Close agreement on wetland-upland boundaries determined by the six methods suggests that preclassification of plants and collection of plant cover data may not be necessary to determine the boundary
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867124
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial and temporal changes in Louisiana's Barataria Basin marshes, 1945–1980 (1986)
    Springer
    Environmental management 10 (1986), S. 671-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Marsh loss ; Louisiana ; Wetlands ; Coastal zone management ; Saltwater intrusion ; Canal impacts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A computerized geographic information system with site-specific change-detection capabilities was developed to document amounts, rates, locations, and sequences of loss of coastal marsh to open water in Barataria Basin, Louisiana, USA. Land-water interpretations based on 1945, 1956, 1969, and 1980 aerial photographs were used as input, and a modified version of the Earth Resources Laboratory Applications Software developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration was used as a spatial data base management system. Analysis of these data sets indicates that rates of marsh loss have increased from 0.36% per year in the 1945–56 period, to 1.03% per year in 1956–69, and to 1.96% per year in 1969–80. The patterns of marsh loss indicate that the combination of processes causing degradation of the marsh surface does not affect all areas uniformly. Marsh loss rates have been highest where freshwater marshes have been subject to saltwater intrusion. The increase in the wetland loss rates corresponds to accelerated rates of subsidence and canal dredging and to a cumulative increase in the area of canals and spoil deposits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01866771
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reversible process concept applied to the environmental management of large river systems (1987)
    Springer
    Environmental management 11 (1987), S. 607-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Landscape ecology ; Wetlands ; Ecological succession ; Spatiotemporal scales ; Stability, recovery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The wetland ecosystems occurring within alluvial floodplains change rapidly. Within the ecological successions, the life span of pioneer and transient stages may be measured in several years or decades depending on the respective influences of allogenic (water dynamics, erosion, and deposition) and autogenic developmental processes (population dynamics, eutrophication, and terrestrialization). This article emphasizes the mechanisms that are responsible for the ecosystem changes and their importance to environmental management. Two case studies exemplify reversible and irreversible successional processes in reference to different spatial and temporal scales. On the scale of the former channels, the standing-water ecosystems with low homeostasis may recover their previous status after human action on the allogenic processes. On the scale of a whole reach of the floodplain, erosion and deposition appear as reversible processes that regenerate the ecological successions. The concepts of stability and reversibility are discussed in relation to different spatiotemporal referential frameworks and different levels of integration. The reversible process concept is also considered with reference to the energy inputs into the involved subsystems. To estimate the probability of ecosystem regeneration or the cost of restoration, a concept of “degrees of reversibility” is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01880159
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Backfilling canals to mitigate Wetland dredging in Louisiana coastal marshes (1987)
    Springer
    Environmental management 11 (1987), S. 823-836 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Backfilling ; Mitigation ; Wetlands ; Louisiana ; Dredging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Returning canal spoil banks into canals, or backfilling, is used in Louisiana marshes to mitigate damage caused by dredging for oil and gas extraction. We evaluated 33 canals backfilled through July 1984 to assess the success of habitat restoration. We determined restoration success by examining canal depth, vegetation recolonization, and regraded spoil bank soils after backfilling. Restoration success depended on: marsh type, canal location, canal age, marsh soil characteristics, the presence or absence of a plug at the canal mouth, whether mitigation was on- or off-site, and dredge operator performance. Backfilling reduced median canal depth from 2.4 to 1.1 m, restored marsh vegetation on the backfilled spoil bank, but did not restore emergent marsh vegetation in the canal because of the lack of sufficient spoil material to fill the canal and time. Median percentage of cover of marsh vegetation on the canal spoil banks was 51.6%. Median percentage of cover in the canal was 0.7%. The organic matter and water content of spoil bank soils were restored to values intermediate between spoil bank levels and predredging marsh conditions. The average percentage of cover of marsh vegetation on backfilled spoil banks was highest in intermediate marshes (68.6%) and lowest in fresh (34.7%) and salt marshes (33.9%). Average canal depth was greatest in intermediate marshes (1.50 m) and least in fresh marshes (0.85 m). Canals backfilled in the Chenier Plain of western Louisiana were shallower (average depth = 0.61 m) than in the eastern Deltaic Plain (mean depth range = 1.08 to 1.30 m), probably because of differences in sediment type, lower subsidence rate, and lower tidal exchange in the Chenier Plain. Canals backfilled in marshes with more organic soils were deeper, probably as a result of greater loss of spoil volume caused by oxidation of soil organic matter. Canals ten or more years old at the time of backfilling had shallower depths after backfilling. Depths varied widely among canals backfilled within ten years of dredging. Canal size showed no relationship to canal depth or amount of vegetation reestablished. Plugged canals contained more marsh reestablished in the canal and much greater chance of colonization by submerged aquatic vegetation compared with unplugged canals. Dredge operator skill was important in leveling spoil banks to allow vegetation reestablishment. Wide variation in dredge performance led to differing success of vegetation restoration. Complete reestablishment of the vegetation was not a necessary condition for successful restoration. In addition to providing vegetation reestablishment, backfilling canals resulted in shallow water areas with higher habitat value for benthos, fish, and waterfowl than unfilled canals. Spoil bank removal also may help restore water flow patterns over the marsh surface. Increased backfilling for wetland mitigation and restoration is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867248
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cumulative impacts on wetlands: Linking scientific assessments and regulatory alternatives (1988)
    Springer
    Environmental management 12 (1988), S. 591-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Bottomland hardwood forests ; Cumulative impacts ; Goal-setting ; Regulation ; Wetlands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This article is an extension and application of Preston and Bedford (1988), especially as relevant to bottomland hardwood (BLH) forests of the southeastern United States. The most important cumulative effects in BLH forests result from incremental forest loss (nibbling) and from synergisms resulting from this nibbling. Present regulatory procedures are ineffective in preventing incremental forest loss because of the focus on permit site evaluation, rather than on large landscapes. Three examples are given to illustrate the need for a landscape focus. This perspective requires preplanning or goal-setting to establish the desired conditions to be maintained in the regulated landscape unit. Spatial and temporal scales are of particular concern for landscape impact assessment. Natural drainage basins of about 106 ha, as identified in U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic units, appear to appropriate spatial units: they have fairly natural boundaries, are of sufficient size to support populations of large, wide-ranging mammals, and are compatible with existing maps and databases. Time scales should be sufficiently long to include recovery of wetland ecosystems from human perturbations. In practice, available data sets limit analysis to no longer than 50 yr. Eight indicators of landscape integrity are identified, based on generally available long-term data sets. Linking technical information concerning cumulativeeffects on landscapes to the evaluation of cumulativeimpacts in regulatory programs (i.e., goal-setting) is a serious issue that can benefit from precedents found in the field of epidemiology, and in the establishment of clean air and clean water standards. We suggest that reference data sets must be developed, relating BLH function to structure (forest area). These can be used to set goals for individual watersheds, based on their present conditions and the magnitude and type of perceived development pressures. Thus the crucial steps in establishing a successful program appear to be (1) establish study unit boundaries, (2) assess the condition of study unit landscape integrity, (3) set goals, and (4) consider the impacts of permit proposals with both goals and the existing condition of the study unit landscape in mind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867538
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simplified method for wetland habitat assessment (1989)
    Springer
    Environmental management 13 (1989), S. 207-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Assessment technique ; Environmental impact ; Habitat evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This article presents a wetland habitat assessment technique (HAT) using birds as indicators of habitat quality. The technique is quick, simple, inexpensive, and lends itself to screening large numbers of wetlands. HAT can provide input to more extensive evaluation techniques. Measures of species diversity and rarity are used to assess the quality of the wetland. By applying the notion of ecologically optimum size, the technique addresses the issue of economic efficiency. Results of field testing HAT on 11 tidally influenced wetlands are presented to illustrate HAT's utility. Application of HAT in a variety of situations is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01868367
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An inventory of wetland impoundments in the coastal zone of Louisiana, USA: Historical trends (1990)
    Springer
    Environmental management 14 (1990), S. 229-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Impoundments ; Wetlands ; Louisiana ; Coastal zone management ; Wetland loss ; Remote sensing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract We inventoried wetland impoundments in the Louisiana, USA, coastal zone from the late 1900s to 1985. Historically, impoundment of wetlands for reclamation resulted in direct wetland loss after levees (dikes) failed and the impounded area was permanently flooded, reverting not to wetland, but to open-water habitat. A current management approach is to surround wetlands by levees and water control structures, a practice termed semi-impoundment marsh management. The purpose of this semi-impoundment is to retard saltwater intrusion and reduce water level fluctuations in an attempt to reduce wetland loss, which is a serious problem in coastal Louisiana. In order to quantify the total impounded area, we used historic data and high-altitude infrared photography to map coastal impoundments. Our goal was to produce a documented inventory of wetlands intentionally impounded by levees in the coastal zone of Louisiana in order to provide a benchmark for further research. We inventoried 370,658 ha within the coastal zone that had been intentionally impounded before 1985. This area is equal to about 30% of the total wetland area in the coastal zone. Of that total area, approximately 12% (43,000 ha) is no longer impounded (i.e., failed impoundments; levees no longer exist or only remnants remain). Of the 328,000 ha still impounded, about 65% (214,000 ha) is developed (agriculture, aquaculture, urban and industrial development, and contained spoil). The remaining 35% (114,000 ha) of impoundments are in an undeveloped state (wetland or openwater habitat). In December 1985, approximately 50% (78,000 ha) of the undeveloped and failed impoundments were open-water habitat. This inventory will allow researchers to monitor future change in land-water ratios that occur within impounded wetlands and thus to assess the utility of coastal wetland management using impoundments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02394040
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diversity of hydric soils in North Carolina, USA (1990)
    Springer
    Environmental management 14 (1990), S. 241-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Soil survey ; Soil taxonomy ; Wetlands ; Food Security Act ; Clean Water Act
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Hydric soils are used as supportive evidence for wetland delineations by federal and state agencies and by the private sector in North Carolina, USA. An analysis of hydric soil distribution and hydric soil characteristics was conducted with county soil surveys and soil taxonomy of the USA. Approximately 100 hydric soils have been used for soil mapping in North Carolina, and they represent seven of the ten soil orders in soil taxonomy. An estimated 23% (2.9 million ha) of the land surface area in North Carolina supports hydric soils. Approximately 96% of the known hydric soil acreage was found in the coastal plain of North Carolina. Over one-third of the soils were hydric Ultisols, which represented close to 10% of the land surface area. The other soil orders with extensive hydric soil acreage included Histosols, Inceptisols, and Entisols. The soil orders were separated into great groups of soil taxonomy to discuss soil profile characteristics. Landscape positions and associated wetland communities were also presented. In North Carolina, a statewide inventory of wetlands does not exist and soil surveys offer a resource for a first approximation of wetland boundaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02394041
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wetland protection as land-use planning: The impact of section 404 in Wisconsin, USA (1992)
    Springer
    Environmental management 16 (1992), S. 345-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Regulation ; Land use ; Planning ; Evaluation ; Wisconsin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The ability of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act to act as an effective, efficient, and equitable land-use planning tool was assessed through a survey of Section 404 permits in Wisconsin. In a six-month period of permitting, the 404 program reduced wetland losses in the state by 15%. Several factors were examined that may affect permit decisions; these factors are water dependency, alternatives, project type, wetland type, and public or agency comments. Only the water dependency of the project had a statistically significant effect on permit decisions, although development projects that were perceived to provide public good were more likely to be permitted. Environmental impacts of a proposed fill project were not adequately assessed in any of the permit decisions. Because of the way Section 404 is interpreted and administered by the US Army Corps of Engineers, increasing net benefits and achieving an equitable distribution of those benefits is difficult. The corps does not perform any functional evaluations of wetlands nor do they attempt to measure economic value and environmental impacts. In addition, the 404 review process is, in effect, inaccessible to the public. The de facto interpretations of the Section 404 regulations and a lack of program funding and trained personnel all contribute to the program's ineffectiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02400073
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    State wetlands and riparian area protection programs (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental management 18 (1994), S. 183-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Riparian areas ; Environmental policy ; Clean water legislation and programs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The protection of wetlands and riparian areas has emerged as an important environmental planning issue. In the United States, several federal and state laws have been enacted to protect wetlands and riparian areas. Specifically, the federal Clean Water Act includes protection requirements in Sections 301 and 303 for state water quality standards, Section 401 for state certification of federal actions (projects, permits, and licenses), and Section 404 for dredge and fill permits. The Section 401 water quality state certification element has been called the “sleeping giant” of wetlands protection because it empowers state officials to veto or condition federally permitted or licensed activities that do not comply with state water quality standards. State officials have used this power infrequently. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effectiveness of state wetland and riparian programs. Contacts were established with officials in each state and in the national and regional offices of key federal agencies. Based on interviews and on a review of federal and state laws, state program effectiveness was analyzed. From this analysis, several problems and opportunities facing state wetland protection efforts are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02393761
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wetlands mitigation: Partnership between an electric power company and a federal wildlife refuge (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental management 20 (1996), S. 933-939 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Mitigation ; Wildlife ; Partnership ; Biodiversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Nine hectares (23 acres) of a degraded section of Patuxent Research Refuge in Laurel, Maryland, USA, were converted to wetland habitat by the Baltimore Gas and Electric Company in 1994. The wetlands were created as mitigation for 5.7 ha (14 acres) of wetlands that were impacted as part of the construction of an 8.5-km (5.3-mile) 500-kV overhead transmission line on the refuge. The area consists of a created forested wetland of 5.5 ha (13.5 acres), a seasonally inundated green-tree reservoir of 7.6 ha (6.5 acres), and an impounded pond wetland of 1.2 ha (3 acres). Construction included the planting of 6131 trees, 4276 shrubs, and 15,102 emergent plants. Part of the site has been studied intensively since completion and survival of trees and shrubs after two years was 88%. Measurements of these transplants have shown growth greater than on other created sites in Maryland. Grasses and other herbaceous vegetation were dominant plants in the meter-square plots in the first two years of sampling of the created forested wetland. Wildlife surveys for birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles have revealed diverse communities. Although these communities represent species consistent with open habitat, more typical forest species should colonize the area as it undergoes succession into a more mature forested wetland. The creation, management, and research of this mitigation site represents an excellent example of a partnership between a private electric power company and a federal wildlife refuge. This partnership has increased local biodiversity and improved regional water quality of the Patuxent River and the Chesapeake Bay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01205974
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative technique for estimating the boundaries of wetlands from vegetation data (1986)
    Springer
    Environmental management 10 (1986), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Boundaries ; Conservation ; Hydrophytes ; Marsh ; Shoreline ; Wetlands ; Zonation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract There is an increasing need for the accurate delineation of wetlands for planning and conservation purposes. We propose a method based on vegetation zonation which requires three steps. The first step is to examine transects crossing the transition zone from marsh to upland. In each transect the uppermost occurrence of each plant species is located relative to a fixed survey point. The second step is to determine which of these species are hydrophytes (wetland plants). This is assessed using the presence or absence of morphological and physiological adaptations for growing in wet environments. Alternatively, a literature search using botanical manuals may suffice. The third step determines the upper limit of the wetland by finding the upper limit of the uppermost hydrophyte in each transect, and taking the mean value of these over all transects. This mean defines the boundary of the wetland. The method is illustrated using two marshes along the north shore of the St. Lawrence River in Ontario.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01866422
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of flood control reservoirs and pollution influx on the Sandy Creek Watershed, Mercer County, Pennsylvania, USA (1986)
    Springer
    Environmental management 10 (1986), S. 241-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Reservoirs ; Pollution ; Watershed ; Aquatic communities ; Riparian vegetation ; Wetlands ; Productivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A study of the impact of two flood control reservoirs and pollution influx was conducted on two streams within the Sandy Creek Watershed, Mercer County, Pennsylvania, USA. Fecal coliforms were significantly reduced in the outflows without affecting water chemistry, thereby improving the overall water quality. The size and composition of the aquatic communities as well as stream metabolism varied seasonably among the different sampling stations. Pollution influx primarily from communities and agricultural drainage had a greater impact on the stream ecosystem than did impounding of the streams. Natural wetlands and riparian vegetation were important factors in reducing the pollution load in these streams. The reestablishment and maintenance of riparian vegetation should therefore be an integral part of the land-use plan for watersheds in order to improve water quality and wildlife habitats. In the future, the maintenance of riparian vegetation should be given prime consideration in the development of watershed projects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867362
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Federal and state management of inland wetlands: Are states ready to assume control? (1986)
    Springer
    Environmental management 10 (1986), S. 145-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wetland management ; Wetlands ; Dredge and fill permit ; State wetland laws ; Wetland protection ; US Corps of Engineers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract As inland wetlands face increasing pressure for development, both the federal government and individual states have begun reevaluating their respective wetland regulatory schemes. This article focuses first on the effectiveness of the past, present, and proposed federal regulations, most notably the Section 404, Dredge and Fill Permit Program, in dealing with shrinking wetland resources. The article then addresses the status of state involvement in this largely federal area, as well as state preparedness to assume primacy should federal priorities change. Finally, the subject of comprehensive legislation for wetland protection is investigated, and the article concludes with some procedural suggestions for developing a model law.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867354
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Status and trends of freshwater wetlands in the coal-mining region of Pennsylvania, USA (1987)
    Springer
    Environmental management 11 (1987), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Coal mining ; Surface mining ; Pennsylvania
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The impact of surface mining for coal on the nature and extent of freshwater wetlands was assessed on 73,200 ha in western Pennsylvania. The influence of mining on wetlands was not uniform across physiographic regions, varying with regional differences in hydrology and soils. Overall, mined lands supported 18% more palustrine wetlands than unmined lands, primarily because of a 270% gain in permanent, open-water wetlands on mined lands in the glaciated region. Open-water wetlands declined on mined lands in unglaciated regions owing to unfavorable hydrologic conditions. The number and size of emergent wetlands declined as a result of mining. Mined lands supported 81% fewer riverine wetlands than unmined lands. This was caused primarily by avoidance of lands containing streams, and secondarily by a 10% reduction in replacement of riverine wetlands during reclamation. Land managers need to develop land use policies that maximize the ecological and social benefits that can be derived from developing diverse wetland communities on mined lands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867176
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phalaris arundinacea L. (Reed canary grass—Gramineae) as a hydrophyte in Essex, Connecticut, USA (1987)
    Springer
    Environmental management 11 (1987), S. 771-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Soil conservation ; Wetlands ; Pond bottoms ; Phalaris arundinacea L ; Reed Canary Grass ; Connecticut
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract After the June 1982 floods in Essex, Connecticut, USA, reseeding for stabilization of exposed pond bottoms and subsequent rebuilding of a dam on the Mill Pond, Essex, CT resulted in rooted, floating aquatic mats ofPhalaris arundinacea L. This required that the site be weed harvested to restore open water. It is suggested that the species not be used to temporarily stabilize pond bottom soils because of its great and unexpected adaptability to aquatic situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867244
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Marsh management plans in practice: Do they work in coastal Louisiana, USA? (1988)
    Springer
    Environmental management 12 (1988), S. 37-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Marsh management ; Louisiana ; Impoundment ; Water control structures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Louisiana's coastal wetlands represent about 41% of the nation's total and are extensively managed for fish, fur, and waterfowl. Marsh management plans (MMPs) are currently used to avoid potential user conflicts and are believed to be a best management practice for specific management goals. In this article, we define MMPs and examine their variety, history, impacts, and future. A MMP is an organized written plan submitted to state and federal permitting agencies for approval and whose purpose is to regulate wetland habitat quantity and quality (control land loss and enhance productivity). MMPs are usually implemented by making structural modifications in the marsh, primarily by using a variety of water control structures in levees to impound or semi-impound managed areas. It appears that MMPs using impoundments are only marginally successful in achieving and often contradict management goals. Although 20% of coastal Louisiana may be in MMPs by the year 2000, conflict resolution of public and private goals is compromised by a surfeit of opinion and dearth of data and experience. Based on interpretation of these results, we believe the next phase of management should include scientific studies of actual impacts, utilization of post-construction monitoring data, inventory of existing MMPs, development of new techniques, and determination of cumulative impacts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867376
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Management and valuation of an environmentally sensitive area: Norfolk Broadland, England, case study (1988)
    Springer
    Environmental management 12 (1988), S. 193-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Environmentally sensitive area ; Opportunity cost ; Cost-effectiveness ; Flood alleviation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Wetlands, like any other environmentally sensitive resource, require very careful evaluation. While it is accepted that all wetlands may be equally valuable in terms of maintaining global life-support systems, individual areas may be ranked according to their uniqueness or the irreplaceability of the resource should the wetland be developed. The various techniques available for evaluating the wetland resource in the development versus conservation conflict situation are critically assessed. Indirect appraisal via the opportunity cost method can generate valuable data which have contributed to the mitigation of such conflict situations. The Broadland, in Norfolk, England, recently designated an environmentally sensitive area (ESA), provides a case study example of wetland management. The search for an “acceptable” flood alleviation strategy for the ESA is examined in detail. The economic and environmental asset structure of the study area is examined at two levels. A basic “screening” system is applied to each of the identified flood protection planning units to enable the rank ordering of the units. A more detailed appraisal is then made of the value of selected units so that the cost-effectiveness of any planned expenditure on flood protection works can be assessed. Specific management issues and their likely effect on the environment, in terms of land use for example, are also addressed. The 1986 Agriculture Act marks a potential watershed in British conservation policy. The ESA policy encompasses a dual management strategy that attempts to stimulate compatible agricultural and conservation practices and activities. Other countries that still retain significant unspoiled wetland resources may find that preemptive regulatory government intervention in favor of conservation would help to avoid the worst aspects of the British experience.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01873388
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some thoughts on using a landscape framework to address cumulative impacts on wetland food chain support (1988)
    Springer
    Environmental management 12 (1988), S. 703-711 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Landscape ecology ; Food chain and webs ; Spatial scale and location ; Wetlands ; Cumulative impacts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Problems of using food chain support as a functional attribute of a wetland are discussed. It is suggested that primary production may not be the metric that best evaluates food chain support. Environmental constructs of the wetland and resultant habitat variables appear to yield more information on life-support functions. A landscape-oriented approach is derived to separate hierarchically the wet-lands into ecological regions and landscape elements. This classification scheme allows for predetermination of environmental constraints and the possible natural limits of wetland food chain support. It is proposed that models derived from spatial location theory be used to determine the movement of animals from wetland patches experiencing impacts on food chain support. Patch size, distance between patches, habitat diversity, and environmental constraints are incorporated in these models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867547
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil and water characteristics of a young surface mine wetland (1991)
    Springer
    Environmental management 15 (1991), S. 403-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Reclamation ; Soils ; Surface mines ; Wetlands ; Wetland creation ; Water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Coal companies are reluctant to include wetland development in reclamation plans partly due to a lack of information on the resulting characteristics of such sites. It is easier for coal companies to recreate terrestrial habitats than to attempt experimental methods and possibly face significant regulatory disapproval. Therefore, we studied a young (10 years) wetland on a reclaimed surface coal mine in southern Illinois so as to ascertain soil and water characteristics such that the site might serve as a model for wetland development on surface mines. Water pH was not measured because of equipment problems, but evidence (plant life, fish, herpetofauna) suggests suitable pH levels. Other water parameters (conductivity, salinity, alkalinity, chloride, copper, total hardness, iron, manganese, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, and sulfate) were measured, and only copper was seen in potentially high concentrations (but with no obvious toxic effects). Soil variables measured included pH, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, aluminum, iron, sulfate, chloride, and percent organic matter. Soils were slightly alkaline and most parameters fell within levels reported for other studies on both natural and manmade wetlands. Aluminum was high, but this might be indicative more of large amounts complexed with soils and therefore unavailable, than amounts actually accessible to plants. Organic matter was moderate, somewhat surprising given the age of the system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02393887
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential of the Conservation Reserve Program to control agricultural surface water pollution (1991)
    Springer
    Environmental management 15 (1991), S. 507-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Filter strips ; Greenbelts ; Wetlands ; Contingent valuation ; Agricultural policy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), initiated by the Conservation Title of the Food Security Act of 1985, is the primary federal program to control nonpointsource pollution in agricultural watersheds of the United States. However, the program is designed primarily to reduce soil erosion rather than to retire croplands in a manner optimal for controlling runoff of sediment and associated pollutants. This study estimates potential enrollment of streamside and floodplain croplands in this ten-year retirement program in order to gauge the potential of the CRP as a water-quality improvement policy. A contingent choice survey design was employed in Fayette County, Illinois, to demonstrate that there is substantial potential for retirement of streamside and floodplain croplands in the CRP. Enrollments in each program climb from less than 6% to over 83% of eligible croplands as the annual rental rate is increased from $20 to $200/acre. Potential retirement of streamside and floodplain croplands declines, however, if tree planting, drainage removal, or a 20-year contract are required. The potential of a CRP-based water-quality program to improve water quality and aquatic ecosystems in agricultural watersheds is thus substantial but constrained by the economic trade-offs that farmers make between crop production and conservation incentives in determining the use of their riparian lands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02394741
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in wetlands on nonfederal rural land of the conterminous United States from 1982 to 1987 (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental management 18 (1994), S. 693-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Wetland trends ; Wetland losses ; Land use impacts ; National
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Recent wetland area trends were estimated from the National Resources Inventory (NRI) for nonfederal rural lands for the period 1982–1987. NRI-based estimates of wetland area for states comprising the conterminous United States were highly correlated with estimates made by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and with estimates of coastal salt marsh wetlands made by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Net wetland area declined by 1.1% (≈363,200 ha) during the five-year study period. Conversion to open water, primarily caused by natural flooding in western inland basins, was responsible for altering extensive wetland areas (≈171,400 ha). Of the human-induced wetland conversions, urban and built-up land was responsible for 48% of the wetland loss, while agricultural development was indicated in 37% of the converted wetland area. A decrease in rural land, and increases in both population, and urban and built-up land were associated with wetland loss among states. Potential reasons for wetland loss were different in 20 coastal states than in 28 inland states. Proportionately, wetland loss due to development was three times greater in coastal states than inland states, while agriculturally induced wetland losses were similar in both groups. The proportionate declines of forested vs nonforested wetlands were not significantly different among states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02394634
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Remote sensing of coastal food resources (1978)
    Springer
    Environmental management 2 (1978), S. 119-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Remote sensing ; Coastal productivity ; Natural resources ; LANDSAT ; Skylab ; Wetlands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Since tidal marshes and estuaries cover large areas of the world's coasts and exhibit a very high net primary productivity, they offer a most important food source for an ever increasing world population. The food web of numerous estuaries and coastal waters is based on the primary productivity of coastal marshes that constitute centers of solar energy fixation and an important link in the mineral cycles. The fixed carbon and minerals enterthe water primarily as detritus where a complex food web makes them accessible to commercially important fish and benthic communities. With the launch of LANDSAT, NOAA-2, and Skylab, relatively high resolution spacecraft data became available for mapping and inventorying tidal marshes and their productivity on a global scale. Upwelling regions that attract large fish populations as well as other coastal water properties relating to the presence of finfish, Crustacea, and shellfish could be identified and observed. Using multispectral analysis techniques, classification accuracies greater than 80 percent have been obtained for most marsh plant species, and greater than 90 percent for key types such asSpartina alterniflora, which is the primary producer in large tide marshes of the coastal eastern USA. The capacity of remote sensors on spacecraft such as NOAA-2, LANDSAT, and Skylab to assess coastal food resources on a global scale is discussed from the point of view of resolution, classification accuracy, and cost effectiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01866238
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wetland loss and substitution by the Section 404 permit program in southern California, USA (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental management 20 (1996), S. 263-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Clean Water Act ; Southern California ; Wetland mitigation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract To test the effectiveness of the 404 permit program in preventing a net loss of wetland resources, 75 Section 404 projects permitted in the years 1987–1989 and located in a portion of southern California were evaluated. From this group of projects, 80.47 ha of wetlands were affected by Section 404 permits and the Army Corps of Engineers required 111.62 ha of wetland mitigation. To verify the successful completion of each mitigation project, all 75 project sites were visited and evaluated based on the amount of dead vegetation, growth and coverage, and the number of invasive species. Based on the field verification results, the actual amount of completed mitigation area was 77.33 ha, resulting in a net loss of 3.14 ha of wetland resources in the years 1987–1989. By comparing the types of wetlands lost to the types of wetlands mitigated, it is apparent that, in particular, freshwater wetlands are experiencing a disproportionately greater loss of area and that riparian woodland wetlands are most often used in mitigation efforts. The net result of these accumulated actions is an overall substitution of wetland types throughout the region. Results also indicate that, typically, large-scale mitigation projects are more successful compared to smaller projects and that successful compliance efforts are not evenly distributed throughout the region. We recommend that better monitoring, mitigation in-kind, mitigation banking, and planning on a regional or watershed scale could greatly improve the effectiveness of the Section 404 permitting program.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01204011
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of wetlands in reducing phosphorus loading to surface water in eight watersheds in the Lake Champlain Basin (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental management 20 (1996), S. 731-739 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Phosphorus ; Landscape ; Regression model ; Riparian ; Vermont
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A landscape-level approach was applied to eight rural watersheds to assess the role that wetlands play in reducing phosphorus loading to surface waters in the Lake Champlain Basin. Variables summarizing various characteristics of wetlands within a watershed were calculated using a geographic information system and then compared to measured phosphorus loading through multiple regression analyses. The inclusion of a variable based on the area of riparian wetlands located along low- and medium-order streams in conjunction with the area of agricultural and nonwetland forested lands explained 88% of the variance in phosphorus loading to surface waters. The best fit model coefficients (Pload = 0.86Ag + 0.64For − 30Ripwet + 160) suggest that a hectare of riparian wetland may be many times more important in reducing phosphorus than an agricultural hectare is in producing phosphorus. These results provide additional support for the concept that protection of riparian wetlands is an important management strategy for controlling stream water quality in multiuse landscapes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01204144
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review and comparison of wetland impacts and mitigation requirements between New Jersey, USA, Freshwater Wetlands Protection Act and Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental management 20 (1996), S. 741-752 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Clean Water Act ; Freshwater Wetland Protection Act ; Nationwide permits ; Mitigation ; New Jersey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A review of wetland impacts authorized under the New Jersey Freshwater Wetlands Protection Act (FWPA) was conducted based on permitting data compiled for the period 1 July 1988 to 31 December 1993. Data regarding the acreage of wetlands impacted, location of impacts by drainage basin and watershed, and mitigation were analyzed. Wetland impacts authorized and mitigation under New Jersey's program were evaluated and compared with Section 404 information available for New Jersey and other regions of the United States. Under the FWPA, 3003 permits were issued authorizing impacts to 234.76 ha (602.27 acres) of wetlands and waters. Compensatory mitigation requirements for impacts associated with individual permits required the creation of 69.20 ha. (171.00 acres), and restoration of 16.49 ha (40.75 acres) of wetlands. Cumulative impacts by watershed were directly related to levels of development and population growth. The FWPA has resulted in an estimated 67% reduction [44.32 ha (109.47 acres) vs 136.26 ha (336.56 acres)] in annual wetland and water impacts when compared with Section 404 data for New Jersey. For mitigation, the slight increase in wetland acreage over acreage impacted is largely consistent with Section 404 data. Based on this evaluation, the FWPA has succeeded in reducing the level of wetland impacts in New Jersey. However, despite stringent regulation of activities in and around wetlands, New Jersey continues to experience approximately 32 ha (79 acres) of unmitigated wetland impacts annually. Our results suggest that additional efforts focusing on minimizing wetland impacts and increasing wetlands creation are needed to attain a goal of no net loss of freshwater wetlands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01204145
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coastal Louisiana recent land loss and canal impacts (1983)
    Springer
    Environmental management 7 (1983), S. 433-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Coastal zone management ; Wetlands ; Canals ; Marshes ; Louisiana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Annual coastal land loss in the sedimentary deltaic plain of southern Louisiana is 102 km2, which is correlated with man-made canal surface area. The relationships between land loss and canals are both direct and indirect and are modified by the deltaic substrate, distance to the coast, and availability of new sediments. Loss rates are highest in the youngest of the former deltas nearest the coast; they are lowest in the more consolidated sediments far from the coast. The average estimate for land loss at zero canal density in the six regression equations developed was 0.09%±0.13% annually, the present land loss rates approach 0 8% annually Although additional analyses are needed, we conclude that canals are causally related to a significant portion of the total coastal land loss rates The relation probably involves an interruption of local and regional hydrologic regimes. Reduction of the present acceleration in land loss rates is possible by managing present canals more effectively, by not permitting new ones, and by changing the design of new canals to allow more natural water flow
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867123
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Land loss in coastal Louisiana (U.S.A.) (1979)
    Springer
    Environmental management 3 (1979), S. 133-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Coastal zone Management ; Fisheries ; Marshes ; Wetlands ; Louisiana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper examines causes and consequences of wetland losses in coastal Louisiana. Land loss is a cumulative impact, the result of many impacts both natural and artificial. Natural losses are caused by subsidence, decay of abandoned river deltas, waves, and storms. Artificial losses result from flood-control practices, impoundments, and dredging and subsequent erosion of artificial channels. Wetland loss also results from spoil disposal upon wetlands and land reclamation projects. Total land loss in Louisiana's coastal zone is at least 4,300 ha/year. Some wetlands are converted to spoil banks and other eco-systems so that wetland losses are probably two to three times higher. Annual wetland losses in the Barataria Bay basin are 2.6% of the wetland area. Human activities are the principal determinants of land loss. The present total wetland area directly lost because of canals may be close to 10% if spoil area is included. The interrelationship between hydrology, land, vegetation, substrate, subsidence, and sediment supply are complicated; however, hydrologic units with high canal density are generally associated with higher rates of land loss and the rate may be accelerating. Some cumulative impacts of land loss are increased saltwater intrusion, loss of capacity to buffer the impact of storms, and large additions of nutrients. One measure of the impact is that roughly $8–17 × 106 (U.S.A.) of fisheries products and services are lost annually in Louisiana. Viewed at the level of the hydrologic unit, land loss transcends differences in local vegetation, substrate, geology, and hydrology. Land management should therefore focus at that level of organization. Proper guideline recommendations require an appreciation of the long-term interrelations of the wetland estuarine system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867025
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tidal wetlands natural and human-made changes from 1973 to 1979 in Delaware: Mapping techniques and results (1983)
    Springer
    Environmental management 7 (1983), S. 339-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Mapping ; Coastal zone management ; Wetlands regulation ; Remote sensing ; Delaware
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Coastal wetlands are dynamic ecosystems subject to the manipulative powers of both humans and sea. Areal changes in the tidal wetlands of Delaware were monitored over a six year period with color and color infrared aerial photography. Wetland changes were interpreted directly from the photography and were classified according to natural and legal categories of change. Human activities in tidal wetlands destroyed an average 8.1 ha of wetlands annually from 1973 to 1979. During the same period 3.9 ha of wetlands were eroded and 2.8 ha of wetlands were formed annually by natural processes. A total net loss of 55.1 ha of wetlands was estimated for the six year period. The enactment of state and federal legislation protecting wetlands in 1972–1973 resulted in a decrease of wetlands loss in Delaware from an average of 179.7 ha yr−1 from 1954 to 1971 to the 8.1 ha yr−1 determined by this study. The dynamic nature of these wetlands exemplifies the need for frequent monitoring and remapping, if an effective and accurate management program is to remain in operation
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01866916
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of right-of-way construction on vegetation in the Red Lake Peatland, northern Minnesota (1985)
    Springer
    Environmental management 9 (1985), S. 449-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Histosols ; Wetlands ; Transmission lines ; Organic soil ; Discriminant analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract During the winters of 1978–79 and 1979–80, a 500-kV electrical transmission right-of-way (r-o-w) was constructed across the Red Lake Peatland in northwestern Minnesota, the largest contiguous peatland in the lower 48 states of the USA. Immediately before, and for two years following construction, vascular vegetation was monitored within the r-o-w and in undisturbed control areas. Monitoring was carried out in five vegetation types: a thicket swamp, a low shrub bog, a graminoid fen, a treed bog, and a treed fen. Evaluation of construction impacts was based on vegetation structure, irrespective of species composition, and on community composition (species data for low shrubs and herbs). Construction eliminated trees from the r-o-w. Vegetation structure, excluding trees, was markedly altered in the two bog types and the treed fen type in the first postconstruction growing season. By the second season, measurable recovery to control levels had begun. The sample plots were placed into a previously developed vegetation classification system for the Red Lake Peatland, on the basis of herbs and low shrubs. There was a shift in composition in the low shrub bog and in the treed vegetation types following construction. Results of both methods of data analysis were consistent. Major vegetation changes following construction occurred in the low shrub bog and treed types. The open, low-stature fen types showed almost no changes related to construction. Even in the affected types, all vegetation strata except trees were returning to their preconstruction status by the second growing season following construction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01866344
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variations of Bed Surface Sediment Size in a Channel Bend (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 99 (1997), S. 81-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: channel ; bend ; sediment ; size ; gradation ; sorting ; bed ; topography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Variations of sediment size and its gradation of the bed surface layer in a channel bend with nonuniform sediment are investigated experimentally. Four groups of sediment with the same initial median diameter (D0) but different initial size gradation (σ0) have been used for experiments which were run until the equilibrium bed topography was achieved. Analyses of experimental data have yielded the following results: (1) The time of equilibrium for bed evolution decreases as σ0 increases; (2) the median size of sediment (D) for a given section in the bend increases with increasing distance from the inner bank towards the outer bank, and it also increases with increasing σ0; (3) the value of D/D0 along the inner bank decreases with increasing σ0, and it also shows a gradual decrease in the upper half of the bend and a slight recovery in the lower half; and (5) the transverse variation of σ value exhibits a general trend increasing from the inner bank towards the outer bank.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018372029704
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors Regulating the Flux of Phosphate at the Sediment - Water Interface of a Subtropical Calcareous Lake: a Simulation Study with Intact Sediment Cores (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 99 (1997), S. 401-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: phosphorus ; P flux ; microbial activity ; redox ; simulation ; Lake Kinneret ; sediment ; accumulative P release
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Different factors which interactively control the flux of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) at the sediment-water interface (SWI) of Lake Kinneret were studied seasonally. The influence of pH, Eh and microbial activity on SRP flux at the SWI was investigated by manipulating the conditions in the overlying water of intact sediment cores. The calculated diffusive SRP flux out of the sediment was lower in cores sampled during winter and spring than during the period of amixis. Potential SRP release, as measured in the absence of microbial activity, was strongly enhanced upon the transition from oxic to anoxic conditions indicating P release from iron(III)-bound phosphorus. In spring and summer cores, an enhanced SRP flux from sediments at pH 7 in comparison to pH 8 indicated P release from carbonate-bound P which sedimented previously as result of high pH values during the algal spring bloom. Microbial uptake at the SWI was the most important sink for SRP and no net-flux occured under oxic conditions. The higher net-flux of P under anoxic conditions was linked to carbon limitation of the bacteria at the SWI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018335305539
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bottom sediments in a humic lake with artificially increased calcium content: sink or source for phosphorus? (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 99 (1997), S. 457-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: sediment ; phosphorus ; fractionation ; release ; humic lake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Lake Flosek (north-eastern part of Poland) is a small shallow and without outflow lake which has been limed in 1970. The concentration of Ca was increased from 3-4 mg L-1 to 17 mg L-1 in the water and from 0.2-0.3% dry weight to 0.9-1.7% dry weight in sediments (5 cm upper layer) due to CaCO3 addition to the lake. In the spring-summer seasons of 1992 and 1993, an experimental study was conducted in Lake Flosek to assess the capacity of bottom sediments to uptake and release mineral phosphorus. The rate of phosphorus exchange between sediments and near-bottom water was experimentally measured under conditions of high (100%), and of reduced (10%) oxygen saturation in near-bottom water. To determine the component of sediments responsible for the uptake of most phosphorus, the proportions of phosphorus forms in sediments were analysed. Sediments of Lake Flosek showed a slight tendency to release phosphates. The rate of this process was similar under high (100%) and low (10%) oxygen saturations ranging from - 0.161 to + 0.200 mg P m-2 d-1. This is much lower (by 1-2 orders of magnitude) than reported from other harmonic, non-humic lakes. In the total phosphorus pool, the highest content of phosphorus was found in the organic and residual phosphorus fractions (over 70% of the total phosphorus in sediments). The largest part of the readily extractable phosphorus was found in the fraction bound to Al and humic substances (41%). Both these fractions determine a weak exchange of phosphorus between sediments and water. No difference in P-release related to P-fraction compound was found in the cores taken from three sites in the lake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018395524195
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sediment Accumulation of Nutrients (N, P) in the Eastern Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 99 (1997), S. 477-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: sediment ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; organic matter ; cluster analysis ; Gulf of Finland ; estuaries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Dry weight (DW), ignition loss (IL) and concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) of the sediment surface layer (0 to 10 cm, 1 cm slices) were analyzed from 20 sites in the eastern Gulf of Finland. The distance of the sampling sites from the mouth of the River Neva explained the nutrient concentrations of the sediments well, while the effect of water depth was negligible. The increase of TN and the decrease of TP along the transect from the river mouth towards the open Gulf were caused by the diminishing share of allochthonous material supplied from the River Neva. The mean TN concentration of the different accumulation areas was about 40 % higher in the sediment surface than in the deeper layer (9 to 10 cm). The corresponding difference for TP varied from 53 to 56 %. The results suggest considerable netflux of nutrients from sediment to water. The net sediment accumulation of nutrients were estimated as 6.0 g m-2 a-1 of N and 1.7 g m-2 a-1 of P corresponding 22 000 t a-1 of N and 6 100 t a-1 of P for the whole eastern Gulf.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018399625103
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of enrichment, and contamination factors together with geoaccumulation indexes to evaluate the content of Cd, Cu, and Ni in the Rybnik water reservoir in Poland (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 93 (1997), S. 347-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: reservoir of heated water ; contamination ; cadmium ; copper ; nickel ; sediment ; water ; enrichment factor ; geoaccumulation index ; contamination factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the contamination degree of the Rybnik Reservoir with cadmium, copper and nickel was analyzed. Quality of the water from the reservoir was determined by drawing comparisons between the metal content in the water and both the officially permitted levels (contamination factor) and levels of metals occurring in the water of non-contaminated areas (enrichment factor). Contamination of bottom sediment with chosen metals was analyzed with reference to the metal content in mudstone (geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, contamination factor). Trends towards changing the metal content in the bottom sediment was analyzed by determining the enrichment factor of the surface layer of the bottom sediments in relation to a deeper layer. Enrichment of the bottom sediments with metals coming from the water was also determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02404766
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of flocculation on the size distributions of bottom sediment in coastal inlets: Implications for contaminant transport (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 99 (1997), S. 33-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; aggregation ; flocculation ; grain size ; sediment ; trace metal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Grain size is the most basic of classification criteria for sediments. The size distribution of a given sediment records the physical transport processes involved in its formation. By using precise grain size analysis and the model of Kranck et al. (1996a,b), it is possible to break down a sediment into the three major components from which it was formed: material deposited as flocs, material deposited as single grains from suspension, and material carried under higher energy conditions. With this method, both the amount of material deposited in a flocculated state and the maximum size, or floc limit, of the particles composing the floc can be determined. Changes in floc limit indicate changes in the aggregation dynamics of the system. As most trace metals and many other contaminants associate closely with the fine particle fraction of sediments, it is important to determine both the areal distribution and reworking history of the floc settled portion of a sediment. This paper discusses the application of the method to coastal inlets in Atlantic Canada and examines the relationship between proportion of floc-settled material and trace metal concentrations. Disaggregated inorganic grain size distributions are also used to illustrate changes in the aggregation dynamics in areas of intense aquaculture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406842
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TOTAL MERCURY AND METHYLMERCURY IN SEDIMENTS AND IN THE POLYCHAETE NEREIS DIVERSICOLOR AT GROOT BUITENSCHOOR (SCHELDT ESTUARY, BELGIUM) (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 94 (1997), S. 109-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: mercury ; methylmercury ; sediment ; polychaete ; Nereis diversicolor ; methylation ; bioaccumulation ; Scheldt estuary
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Total mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations were determined in sediments and in the polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor at 13 stations of a brackish water intertidal mudflat of the Scheldt estuary. Hg and MeHg concentrations in sediments ranged from 144 to 1192 ng g−1 dw and from 0.8 to 6 ng g−1 dw, respectively. Both Hg and MeHg concentrations increased with an increase of organic matter (OM) content and fine grain fraction. In contrast, Hg accumulation by N. diversicolor was significantly (p 〈 0.05) higher at stations with sandy sediments (mean value: 125 ng g−1 dw) than at stations with muddy sediments (mean value, 80 ng g−1), probably because Hg availability for bioaccumulation at muddy stations was reduced by high OM content of the muddy sediments. MeHg accounted for an average of 0.7% of the total Hg in sediments and 18% of the total Hg in N. diversicolor. Seasonal variations significantly affected Hg concentrations in sediments and MeHg in N. diversicolor. Total Hg concentrations in sediments were significantly (p 〈 0.05) higher in autumn and winter than in spring and summer whereas MeHg concentrations were lowest in winter compared to the other seasons. On the other hand, total Hg concentrations in the worms were lowest in spring whereas MeHg concentrations were significantly (p 〈 0.01) higher in spring and summer than in autumn and winter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026434629599
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in lake orta (Northern Italy) sediments (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 99 (1997), S. 245-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: PCB ; organochlorine pesticide ; sediment ; organic carbon content ; toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract PCB congeners and organochlorine pesticides (DDT, lindane and HCB) distribution were studied in Lake Orta sediments. The results indicated a contaminated area in the nor-them part of the sub-basin. The observed high levels of organochlorine compounds (OCs) may he explained by the focusing phenomenon, ie. the preferential transport of lighter and smaller particles from the emission sources to this area. The PCBs and DDT values were correlated with the organic carbon content and the heavy metal contamination. The toxicity of the sediment samples was related also to PCB content. PCBs and OCs pollution of Lake Orta was of the same order of magnitude as in Lake Como, which is the most contamined lake in Northern Italy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406864
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessing benthic impacts of organic enrichment from marine aquaculture (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 99 (1997), S. 641-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: fish farms ; fecal waste ; sediment ; geochemistry ; metabolism ; macrofauna
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Benthic observations were carried out at 22 stations in the Western Isles region of the Bay of Fundy on the east coast of Canada to evaluate impacts at salmon aquaculture sites. Eleven sites were located under salmon net-pens and 11 sites (reference or control locations) were at distances 〉 50 m from net-pens. Total S− and redox potential (Eh) in surface sediment and Benthic O2 uptake and CO2 release were sensitive indicators of benthic organic enrichment. High variability between replicate measurements of sediment gas exchange could reflect spatial patchiness in sedimentation of fecal waste and food pellets under fish pens. Biomass of deposit feeders was significantly increased at cage sites but total macrofauna biomass was similar at cage and reference locations. Surface sediment water content, modal grain size, pore water salinity and sulfate, and total biomass of macrofauna were the least sensitive indicators of enrichment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406903
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...