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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implementation of a lamina-based constitutive relationship for analysing thick compositesWork performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number W-7405-ENG-48 (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 35 (1992), S. 1031-1043 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The finite element implementation of a lamina-based elastic constitutive relation appropriate for describing the three-dimensional (3-D) behaviour of fibre composite laminated media is presented. Unconstrained by the two-dimensional restrictions accompanying plate and shell theories, this approach resolves the macro 3-D deformation fields found in 'thick' laminated or filament wound composites without requiring each lamina to be individually discretized to assign material properties. In rectangular isoparametric solid elements where laminae locally parallel an element 'face', the implementation represents 'exactly' the elastic laminate behaviour by replacing the discrete lamina stiffnesses with continuous polynomial moduli functions. Attributable directly to the lamina constitutive relationship used, appropriate for fibre-dominated material systems, the implementation automatically preserves interlaminar continuity of tractions and displacements within each element for laminates assembled from a single lamina type. The order of the effective moduli functions is determined by the element kinematics and by requiring identical net mid-surface elemental forces and moments. In general, this representation substantially reduces the number of stored variables and through-thickness integrations required, and allows 'exact' integration by higher-order Gaussian quadrature. Additionally a single element may span any portion or number of laminae, thus allowing nearly arbitrary meshing and solution resolution. Several numerical examples using 3-D 8-node isoparametric solid elements demonstrate the approach's convergence and overall behaviour.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620350506
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incomplete factorization for finite element methods (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1101-1109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An incomplete factorization iterative scheme with ORTHOMIN acceleration is evaluated for three-dimensional finite element applications. Both heat conduction and combined heat and fluid flow are investigated. Computational efficiency is investigated for both linear (8 node) and quadratic (27 node) elements as well as for various degrees of LU Decomposition. The factorization schemes worked well with both types of elements, and a variable factorization scheme, which distributes the level of factorization, performed well on difficult heat and fluid flow problems.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230608
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite element methods for geothermal reservoir simulation (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 7 (1983), S. 75-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Two finite element algorithms suitable for long term simulation of geothermal reservoirs are presented. Both methods use a diagonal mass matrix and a Newton iteration scheme. The first scheme solves the 2N unsymmetric algebraic equations resulting from the finite element discretization of the equations governing the flow of heat and mass in porous media by using a banded equation solver. The second method, suitable for problems in which the transmissibility terms are small compared to the accumulation terms, reduces the set of N equations for the Newton corrections to a symmetric system. Comparison with finite difference schemes indicates that the proposed algorithms are competitive with existing methods.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610070108
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite difference techniques for modelling geothermal reservoirs (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 3 (1979), S. 355-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Two finite difference algorithms suitable for long-time simulation of the exploitation of a two-phase geothermal reservoir are presented. One is based on the hopscotch method proposed by Saul'yev1 and analysed further by Gordon2 and Gourlay.3 The other is based on the well-known ADI method. Both methods use a Newton-Raphson iterative technique in order to obtain accurate solutions of the non-linear difference equations involved. Rapid convergence of the iterative schemes occurs both for single-phase and two-phase reservoir problems. One- and two-dimensional model problems are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610030404
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrational dephasing of the ν3 mode of liquid allene (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 17 (1986), S. 477-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The Raman spectrum of the ν3 mode of allene has been studied as a function of temperature throughout the temperature range of the liquid. Analysis of the spectral band shape shows that the vibrational dephasing is a fast-modulation process. Evidence is presented for a vibrational-rotational coupling involving the tumbling reorientation of the molecule. Dilution studies in GeH4 indicated significant resonant vibrational energy transfer.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250170610
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On modelling the unloading-reloading behaviour of soils (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 2 (1978), S. 87-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610020107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN IMPLICIT PROJECTION ALGORITHM FOR SIMULTANEOUS FLOW OF PLASTICITY AND DAMAGE IN STANDARD GENERALIZED MATERIALS (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 3065-3082 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: biomechanics ; damage ; finite element method ; plasticity ; standard generalized material ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Motivated by mechanical analysis of cancellous bone, a 3D constitutive law describing the simultaneous flow of rate-independent plasticity and damage is developed in the framework of thermodynamics of irreversible processes with internal variables. Following the hypothesis of standard generalized materials, a free energy and a dissipation potential are postulated and the associated flow rules derived with the tools of convex analysis. On the computational side, the classical implicit projection (or catching up) algorithm used in plasticity is extended to account for the additional flow of damage. Due to the existence of a dissipation potential, linearization of the incremental algorithm provides a symmetric tangent operator. Numerical resolutions of several boundary value problems and a biomechanical application are presented to illustrate the potential of the constitutive model and demonstrate the quadratic convergence of the algorithm.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of benzene alkyl derivatives in heavily loaded environmental aqueous samples by means of combination of distillation and purge and trap-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 20 (1997), S. 482-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Volatile benzene alkyl derivatives ; Simple distillation ; Purge and trap ; Capillary gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Simple distillation was used to prepare aqueous environmental samples (especially those with high content of accompanying dissolved and suspended organic and inorganic matter) for determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) by means of purge and trap (PT) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The PT step was carried out with a laboratory-built device in which alalytes desorbed from a Primary trap (macrotrap) are focused in a microtrap (also with sorbent) and moisture is removed from purge gases by a Nafion tube (walls selectively permeable to water vapor). Recoveries, if only the first 10 ml distillate was collected, were of the order of 40% at optimum distillation parameters. At a probability level of 95% recoveries were independent of concentration in a studied concentration range of 0.50-30 ppb. Enrichment factors for distillation were of the order off 20. Real samples, i.e., raw and treated waste water were analyzedc for BTEX content by the developed medthod.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240200904
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A family of efficient extrapolation formulae and their application in mechanics (1998)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 43 (1998), S. 733-753 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: extrapolation ; series ; sequences ; binomial power series ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The problem of extrapolation based just on a few initial terms of a sequence or series is discussed. Possible regularity of the extrapolation formula is postulated. Binomial power series is regarded as sufficiently regular and several extrapolation formulae using 3, 4, or 5 initial terms and based on binomial power series are derived. They are called the ‘bs-extrapolation formulae’ and compared to other extrapolation algorithms. Good accuracy in many particular cases is stated. Three examples of applications in mechanics are quoted: they consider consecutive FEM-solutions, postbuckling behaviour of an Euler column and optimal plastic design of a plane T-head. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An energy-resolved study of the fragmentation of ionized 1-Penten-3-ol (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 19 (1984), S. 573-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A detailed energy-resolved study of the fragmentation of CH2=CHCH(OH)CD2CD3 (1-d5) has been carried out using metastable ion studies and charge exchange techniques, combined with collision-induced dissociation studies to establish the structures of fragment ions. At low internal energies (metastable ions) the molecular ion of 1-d5 rearranges to the 3-pentanone structure and fragments by loss of C2H5 or C2D5 leading to the acyl structure, [CH3CH2C≡O]+ or [CD3CD2C≡O]+, for the fragment ion. However, with increasing internal energy of the molecular ion this rearrangement process decreases rapidly in importance and loss of C2D5 by direct cleavage, leading to [CH2=CHCH=OH]+, becomes the dominant fragmentation reaction. As a result the [C3H5O]+ ion seen in the electron impact mass spectrum of 1-penten-3-ol has predominantly the protonated acrolein structure.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210191109
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Negative ion field desorption mass spectrometry by clustering with anions (1981)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 8 (1981), S. 312-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is shown that under field desorption conditions some less volatile or non-volatile compounds such as oligosaccharides, sulphonic acids and fatty acids can be ionized below the threshold of field electron emission by clustering with anions. In all cases the sample, together with polyethylene oxide 4000, is dissolved in water. The source of the clustering anion is provided either by a small amount of a salt added to this solution (sugars) or by the compounds themselves (sulphonic and fatty acids). The solution is applied to unactivated and/or slightly activated 10 μm tungsten wire cathodes. Suitable clustering ions for the sugars appear to be [Cl]-, [NO3]- and to a lesser extent [Br]- and [I]-. Most of the sulphonic acids studied give rise to the formation of [Mn - H]- ions (n≤5), but their potassium salts yield only unclustered sulphonate anions. However, the addition of a small amount of LiCl to the mixture of benzene sulphonic acid and polyethylene oxide 4000 promotes the formation of clustered anions, [(M - H)2Li]- being by far the most abundant if activated cathodes are used. This addition of some LiCl is essential in the case of fatty acids: without LiCl no anions may be desorbed at all from activated wires, but with the presence of LiCl both [M - H]- and the most abundant [(M - H)2Li]- anions are easily generated.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200080706
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 15N labelling, FD and FAB study of ammonia loss from protonated arginine molecules (1983)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1983), S. 525-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The positive ion field desorption (FD) spectrum of arginine taken at the best anode temperature only contains a peak due to [M+H]+ ions. At higher emitter temperatures a considerable amount of fragmentation is induced and the [M+H—NH3]+ ions become most abundant. Specific 15N labelling reveals that the eliminated ammonia molecule, exclusively, contains one of the terminal nitrogen atoms of the guanidyl group. This also applies to the ammonia loss from metastably decomposing [M+H]+ ions. The positive ion fast atom bombardment (FAB) spectrum shows more fragmentation than the FD spectrum. In contrast with the FD results, the [M+H]+ ions generated upon FAB with ion lifetimes 〈10-6 s eliminate both ammonia containing one of the terminal nitrogen atoms of the guanidyl group and ammonia containing the α-amino group in the ratio of 1.35, as found by 15N labelling. The metastably decomposing [M+H]+ ions, however, eliminate only the former ammonia molecule. In the negative ion FD and FAB spectra no other peak than that corresponding to the [M—H]- ion is observed. Some attention has been paid to the thermal degradation of arginine on the basis of a few Curie-point pyrolysis experiments.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210181206
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Biodegradation of Pharmaceutical Residues Investigated by SPE-GC/ITD-MS and On-Line Derivatization (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 474-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---Solid-phase extraction, on-line derivatization, and measurement by ion trap mass spectrometry (ITD-MS) were used to investigate the biological degradation of pharmaceutical residues (clofibric acid, ibuprofen, diclofenac). The results of the single steps of sample pretreatment and analytical determination are reported. MS/MS measurements were performed on an ITD-MS by selecting collision induced dissociation of the molecular ions (M+) as parent ions to defined daughter ions. A pilot sewage plant and biofilm reactors operating under oxic and anoxic conditions were run as model systems with synthetic sewage water containing 10 to 50 mg/L dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pharmaceuticals in concentrations of 10 μg/L. Clofibric acid displayed its persistent character in all cases. The pilot sewage plant and the oxic biofilm reactor showed comparable results for diclofenac and ibuprofen, which both were partly degraded. These results can explain the occurrence of these substances in sewage effluents and in the aquatic environment. A high degree of degradation was found especially for ibuprofen in the oxic biofilm reactor, which was attributed to adaptation of the biofilm to the residue. Two metabolites of ibuprofen could be identified on the basis of their mass spectra and comparison with literature data, viz. hydroxyibuprofen and carboxyibuprofen.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low wavenumber Raman scattering in viscous liquids (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 25 (1994), S. 849-854 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Low-wavenumber depolarized Raman spectra (-400 to 400 cm-1) for dioxane, water and glycerol are presented. Stokes and anti-Stokes spectra (-400 to 400 cm-1), are used to define a reduced spectrum, in which the effects of temperature and also flat backgrounds and symmetric central components are removed, without knowledge of these parameters. Comparison with the usual reductions shows that (i) all inelastically scattered photons must be considered as ‘true’ Raman signals, due to processes involving Boson-like excitations, (ii) if central scattering exists, then its intensity also depends on the population factor, (iii) the low-wavenumber Stokes signal is more intense than expected for a factor of n + 1 only, owing to non-linear effects, and (iv) the systematic use of reduced spectra is not essential, and can be hazardous in some cases.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250251102
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  • 15
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    Gas chromatographic analysis of estrogens from pregnant mares' urine using glass capillary columns (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 169-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary columns ; Trimethylsilyl derivatives ; Pregnant mares' urine estrogens ; Estrone-equilin separation ; OV-225, Silar 10C stationary phases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Glass capillary columns coated with OV-225 and Silar 10C were used to analyze estrogens (as their trimethylsilyl derivatives) present in pregnant mares' urine. Such columns provide better resolution in a shorter time than the corresponding packed columns, as exemplified by the separation of estrone from equilin.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240030404
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  • 16
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    Electron paramagnetic resonance and Mössbauer studies of metal chelation by adriamycin (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 33 (1995), S. S114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: electron paramagnetic resonance ; adriamycin ; metal chelation ; coordination structure ; iron ; free radical ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: EPR and Mössbauer studies demonstrate that iron chelation by adriamycin is complex, with several different chelation structures. At physiological pH in aqueous solution, three different EPR spectra are observed: a spectrum at g = 4.2 of Fe3+ in a rhombic crystal field (type 1); a spectrum at g = 2.01 with symmetric Gaussian lineshape linewidth 225 G (1 G = 10-4 T), suggestive of Fe3+ bound in an octahedral crystal field (type 2); and a broad spectrum centered at g = 2.0 suggestive of ferromagnetically coupled Fe3+ (type 3). The type 1 and 2 spectra are observed at adriamycin/Fe3+ ratios 〉4, the type 3 spectrum is observed at ratios 〈4 and at ratios 〈2 an increasing amount of Fe3+ gives rise to EPR silent iron(III) hydroxide polymers. At 4 K the type 1 and 2 complexes exhibit a broad doublet Mössbauer signal with an isomer shift δ = 0.56 (1) mm s-1 and quadrupole splitting δEQ = 0.74 (1) mm s-1. The type 3 complex gives rise to a sextet signal with isomer shift ΔEq = 0.47 (1) mm s-1 and hyperfine splitting HF = 476 (1) kG with exhibits superparamagnetic relaxation behavior with a blocking temperature of 23 K, consistent with a microcrystal size of 25 Å. Cu2+ binds to adriamycin at adriamycin/Cu2+ ratios 〉4:1 giving rise to an EPR spectrum with axial symmetry g∥ = 2.26, g⊥ = 2.066, A∥ = 188 G, while 2:1 complexes exhibit a single Gaussian line at g = 2.09 indicative of exchange-coupled Cu2+. The exchange-coupled Cu2+ and ferromagnetically coupled Fe3+ complexes can be explained by the formation of stacked 2:1 adriamycin-metal polymers. On titration of adriamycin with Fe3+-nitrilotriacetate a different spectrum is observed at g = 4.3 and its intensity plateaus at an adriamycin/iron ratio of 2. The iron adriamycin complexes cycle to reduce molecular oxygen and this cycle has been hypothesized to be a mechanism mediating the therapeutic and toxic effects of the drug. Both EPR and Mössbauer experiments demonstrate that the type 1 and 2 chelates reduce their Fe3+ to Fe2+ while the type 3 chelate does not. Therefore, the stoichiometry and method of complex preparation can profoundly effect the properties of these complexes.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1260331318
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  • 17
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    The use of a reformulation of the hydrostatic approximation Navier-Stokes equations for geophysical fluid problems (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 21 (1995), S. 549-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: incompressible Navier-Stokes equations ; hydrostatic approximation ; variational formulation ; numerical method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In order to simulate geophysical general circulation processes, to simplify the governing equations of motion, often the vertical momentum equation of the Navier-Stokes equations is replaced by the hydrostatic approximation equation. The resulting equations are reformulated and a variational formulation of the linearized problem is derived. Iteration schemes are presented to solve this problem. A finite element method is discussed, as well as a finite difference method which is based on a grid that is often used in geophysical general circulation models. The schemes are extended to the non-linear case. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance of the derived iteration schemes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650210703
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  • 18
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    The PROSPER General Circulation Model, an adapted form of the Sandia Ocean Modelling method: A numerical description (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 251-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Incompressible flow ; Hydrostatic approximation ; Pressure Poisson Equation ; Staggered grid ; Numerical diffusion ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The PROSPER General Circulation Model (PGCM) is a three-dimensional model based on the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, an equation of state and the heat equation. The hydrostatic approximation and the rigid lid approximation are used. The system of equations is converted into an equivalent form in which the surface pressure is more directly expressed in terms of a two-dimensional Poisson equation. The finite difference method is described and analysed. In particular, the iteration method within every time step to determine the new surface pressure and velocity components, and numerical diffusion aspects due to the use of the staggered Arakawa-C grid are looked at. Since part of the development of the PGCM code is a result of studying the Sandia Ocean Modelling System (SOMS), a comparison is made with respect to the concepts used in both models.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650130208
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  • 19
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    Combined Cl and El mass spectra in the analysis of essential oils (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 15 (1992), S. 510-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: GC-MS ; Cl ; El ; Flavors ; Cola beverages ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As part of a study directed at introducing GMP recommendations to the production of non-alcoholic beverages, combined Cl and El mass spectra have been used for the identification of compounds present in extracts of “Cockta” beverage following GC-MS analysis. The amount of useful information present both in the separate Cl and El spectra, and in two of the possible combinations of the spectra, is described.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150805
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  • 20
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    A complete boundary integral formulation for steady compressible inviscid flows governed by non-linear equations (1993)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 16 (1993), S. 231-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Compressible flows ; Boundary integral equation method ; Fundamental-solution method ; Non-linear potential equation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A complete boundary integral formulation for steady compressible inviscid flows governed by non-linear equations is established by using the specific mass flux as a dependent variable. Thus, the dimensionality of the problem to be solved is reduced by one and the computational mesh to be generated is needed only on the boundary of the domain. It is shown that the boundary integral formulation developed in this paper is equivalent of the results of distributions of the fundamental solutions of the Laplacian operator equation with a different order along the boundaries of the domain. Hence, we have succeeded in establishing the fundamental-solution method for compressible inviscid flows governed by non-linear equations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650160306
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  • 21
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    The fundamental solution method for incompressible Navier-Stokes equations (1998)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 28 (1998), S. 565-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: fundamental solution method ; integral equation method ; Navier-Stokes equations ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A complete boundary integral formulation for incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with time discretization by operator splitting is developed using the fundamental solutions of the Helmholtz operator equation with different order. The numerical results for the lift and the drag hysteresis associated with a NACA0012 aerofoil oscillating in pitch show good agreement with available experimental data. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Optimization of Focused Microwave-Assisted Extraction of DDT and Derivatives from Soil Samples (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 681-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Focused microwave assisted extraction ; close microwave-assisted extraction ; DDT ; soil samples ; experimental design ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---Optimization of focused microwave (FMW)-assisted extraction of 4,4′-DDE, 4,4′-DDD, and 4,4′-DDT from soil samples was carried out using central composite designs. All the extracts were analyzed with GC/MS and some of them also with GC/AED using columns of different polarities for each of the techniques. The extraction of the analytes was carried out in two ways: with acetic acid as microwave radiation absorbent solvent and n-decane to concentrate the analytes and with reagent water and iso-octane as solvents. In the first case, the influence of the extraction temperature, the extraction time, and the addition of sodium chloride were studied and the optimum conditions for the extraction of 1 g of soil with 5 mL of acetic acid and 2 mL of n-decane were 1.30 mol L-1 sodium chloride at 98°C for 9.3 min. In the second case, the temperature was kept constant (94°C) and the influence of the concentration of sodium chloride and the extraction time were studied. The optimum conditions were 5 mL of a 2.0 mol L-1 sodium chloride together with 2 mL of iso-octane for 15 min. The recoveries obtained by water-FMW extraction were significantly lower than those obtained by the acetic acid-FMW procedure. These last recoveries were in good agreement with those obtained by closed microwave assisted-extraction with acetone-n-hexane as solvent.
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    Enantiomeric resolution of α-pinene by HPLC with a chiral mobile phase additive (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 14 (1991), S. 361-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Enantioseparation of α-Pinene ; Chiral mobile phase additive ; Cyclodextrins ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240140516
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    Separation of monoterpene hydrocarbon enantiomers via complexation with α-cyclodextrin in RP-HPLC (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 16 (1993), S. 505-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Enantioseparation of monoterpenes ; Cyclodextrins ; Chiral mobile phase additive ; UV-indirect detection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240160814
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    Vectorial and parallel processing in stress analysis with the boundary element method (1991)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 31 (1991), S. 307-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620310207
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    Electron avalanche desorption: A new soft-ionization technique for non-volatile and/or thermally labile molecules (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 32-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new ionization technique based on a modification of the conventional plasma-desorption mass spectrometric apparatus is described. An electron avalanche produced by the microchannel plates of a secondary electron multiplier is found to desorb a sufficient amount of (quasi-)molecular ions of non-volatile thermally labile molecules. Spectra of several substances with molecular masses up to 1250 u are presented. The mechanism of electron avalanche desorption is now under investigation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290050109
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    An A priori relationship between the average and monoisotopic masses of peptides and oligonucleotides (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 276-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A straightforward relationship between the average and the monoisotopic masses of peptides (proteins) and oligonucleotides is proposed which allows one to calculate the monoisotopic mass from aknown average mass with a 0.1 u order of precision. The approach offered here can be applied to any type of biopolymer.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290050606
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    Comparison of mass spectra obtained using 252Cf plasma-desorption and electron-avalanche-desorption mass spectrometry (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 278-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Direct comparision of two ionization techniques, 252Cf plasma-desorption and electron-avalanche-desorption, is given in various aspect. signification differences were observed in the low-mass region, and in the spectra of volatile compounds and CsI samples, as well as in the fragmentation pattern of alanilnorleucine. On the other hand, a rather high degree of similarity was obtained in spectra of nitrocellulose and some cyclic depsipeptides, both in typical values of peak width and of the high-mass background character. The conclusion is made, that electron-avalanche desorption is a rather complex process involving various factors.
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  • 29
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    Peptide sequencing by partial acid hydrolysis and high resolution plasma desorption mass spectrometry (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 8 (1994), S. 906-912 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A method of deriving peptide sequence information using partial acid hydrolysis in combination with accurate mass measurements and immonium ion analysis provided by high-resolution plasma desorption mass spectrometry has been developed. The technique is very simple in terms of the chemistry and involves a short-time (3-30 min) incubation of the peptide in 1N-6N HCl at 100-110°C with subsequent mass spectrometric analysis. Partial acid hydrolysis is found to produce sequence-specific segments, often ladder-like, although not always a complete set. Two application examples of the method are given: the linear peptide bradykinin and desmopressin, a peptide with an internal S—S bond and a non-amino-acid constituent. The technique has proved to be particularly useful in cases where some a priori information on the peptide structure was already known or where the automated Edman degradation technique might yield erratic results or not work at all.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290081109
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    The preparation of glass SCOT columns by the organic glue method (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 429-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Surface roughening by diatomaceous support (5 micron particles deposition) ; Organic glue (polar polymethacrylate acetate) used as intermediate material ; Reproducibility and durability of capillaries discussed ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A technique for adhesion of fine particles (ca. 5 μ) of the 405 white diatomaceous support on the inner wall of glass tube with organic glue [poly (diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) acetate] is described. The coated tube was drawn to capillary column by using a machine designed according to Desty's. The capillary column was then coated with stationary phase (such as squaiane, QF-1, Dexsil 300, PEG 20 M, OV-1, SE 30 and etc.) by the conventional dynamic or static method. This preparation method has proved easy to duplicate and is simple. The coating efficiency (UTE %) is within 60-90. The theoretical plate number per meter of an SE 30 column is about 4000, and per meter of a PEG 20 M column is about 2500. The columns thus prepared have been successfully used to analyze petroleum hydrocarbons, essential oils, petrochemicals, pheromone, steroid metabolites and others.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240020711
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    Simplified interface for electron ionization supercritical fluid chromatography/mass spectrometry (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 100-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography, SFC ; Mass spectrometry ; Interfacing SFC/EI MS ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100212
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    Konformationsanalyse und Diastereomerenzuordnung an 1,3-Aza- und 1,3-Oxaphospholanen mittels paramagnetischer Verschiebung (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 6 (1974), S. 568-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The geometric factor G [G = (3 cos2 θ -1) r-3] of selected protons relative to a centre of co-ordination [Eu(dpm)3] is determined using Dreiding models of different conformers of 1,3-aza- and 1,3-oxaphospholanes. The centre of co-ordination is supposed to be joined to the oxygen of the carbonyl group or to the nitrogen and oxygen in the hetero-ring, respectively. The graphs of the geometric factors against the paramagnetic shifts of the relevant protons are straight lines only for the preferred conformers on the basis of a correct centre of co-ordination.As a measure for the paramagnetic shift of a proton the slope of the graph of chemical shift against the concentration of Eu(dpm)3 (in mol %) is chosen. By variation of the relative configuration at C-5 in the models and calculation of the geometric factor, it is possible to determine the different diastereomers, which are distinguished by the relative position of the substituent at phosphorus and C-5.
    Notes: An Dreiding-Modellen der verschiedenen Konformere von 1,3-Aza- und 1,3-Oxaphospholanen werden die Geometriefaktoren G [G = (cos2θ - 1)r-3] einzelner Protonen bezüglich eines Koordinationszentrums [Eu(dpm)3] bestimmt. Das Koordinationszentrum wird entweder an dem Sauerstoff der Carbonylgruppe oder an dem Stickstoff oder Sauerstoff im Heteroring gebunden angenommen. Die graphische Darstellung der Geometriefaktoren gegen die paramagnetischen Verschiebungen der betreffenden Protonen ergibt nur für die bevorzugten Konformere bei Zugrundelegung der richtigen Koordinationszentren Geraden. Als Maßzahl für die paramagnetische Verschiebung eines Protons wird die Steigung der Geraden gewählt, die sich beim graphischen Auftragen der chemischen Verschiebung gegen den Gehalt an Eu(dpm)3 (in Mol-%) ergibt. Durch Variation der relativen Konfiguration am C-Atom 5 an den Modellen und Berechnung der Geometriefaktoren ist es möglich, die unterschiedlichen Diastereomere zuzuordnen, die sich bezüglich der Substituentenstellung am Phosphor und am C-Atom 5 unterscheiden.
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    31P-NMR-Daten heterocyclischer phosphine. Diastereomerenzuordnung an 1,3-Oxa-, 1,3-Aza- und 1,3-thiaphospholanen (1975)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 7 (1975), S. 470-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The diastereomers of 16 1,3-oxa-, 1,3-aza- and 1,3- thiaphospholanes were assigned by means of the coupling constants 2J(P—C—H) and 3J(P—C—CH3) and the linewidths of the 31P signals and 1H chemical shifts of CH3 groups. It is shown that the change in the 31P chemical shifts allows the estimation of the relative configuration in these compounds.
    Notes: Die Diastereomeren von 16 1,3 Oxa-, 1,3-Aza-und 1,3-Thiophospholanen wurden mit Hilfe der Kopplungs-konstanten 2J(P—C—H) und 3J(P—C—CH3), der Signalbreite der 31P-Signale und der 1H-chemischen Verschiebungen der CH3-Gruppen zugeordnet. Es wird gezeigt, daß auch die 31P-chemischen Verschiebungen eine Bestimmung der relativen Konfiguration dieser Verbindungen gestatten.
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    1H NMR study of 2,8-dithia-1,5-dielementbicyclo[3.3.0]octanes (1983)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 21 (1983), S. 315-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The analysis of the 1H NMR spectra of 2,8-dithia-1,5-diphosphabicyclo[3.3.0]octane, 2,8-dithia-1-phospha-5-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane and 2,8-dithia-1-arsa-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.0]octane is supported by means of 2D- J-resolved NMR measurements. The spectra suggest a preferred conformer with strong puckering of the fused five membered rings.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/omr.1270210506
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    Absorption and fluorescence corrections of characteristic x-rays from thin spheresFinancial support for this work was provided by an award, No. DMR-8451933, from the National Science Foundation. (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 17 (1988), S. 229-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Models of absorption and fluorescence corrections for characteristic x-rays emitted from electron-transparent spheres are presented for a stationary point probe and for a rastered or flooding beam. In both models, the primary inonzation event and subsequent x-ray emission are assumed to occur anywhere along the electron-beam axis within the sphere. Multiple scattering effects are not taken into account but absorption of the fluorescence radiation is taken into account. The integrals involved in both correction models are solved numerically and the results are compared with previous models of thin-foil, plane-parallel specimens. An analytical solution for the fluorescence correction is obtained when the primary x-ray generation is assumed to originate at the center of the sphere. Both corrections are found to be less severe for submicron spheres than the corresponding corrections for plane-parallel specimens.
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    X-ray depth distribution function, φ(ρz), for thin spheres (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 19 (1990), S. 275-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sub-micron spheres of pure materials prepared by electrohydrodynamic atomization were used to determine experimentally the x-ray distribution function, φ(ρz), for spheres using a dedicated HB501 scanning transmission electron microscope at 100 keV. The materials chosen were W, Pd, Ni, V and Al thin spheres. φ(ρz) was measured experimentally using a tracer technique. The thin film tracers used were Ir, Ag, Cr, Cu and SiO2, respectively. φ(ρz) for the above materials was also calculated using a Monte Carlo trajectory simulation modeled for the tracer technique. The experimental tracer φ(ρz) results show a pronounced scatter, especially for large-diameter spheres. Local variations in the tracer film thicknesses appear to be the reason for such scatter. The trends in the experimental and Monte Carlo results, however, are simple and show a strong dependence on the atomic number of the target material. A general expression for φ(ρz) for thin spheres is presented which fits the experimental tracer results. The Monte Carlo results agree well with the fitted data for elements of low atomic number and/or small-size spheres. For elements of higher atomic number (Pd and W), however, the Monte Carlo φ(ρz) curves peak too early with mass thickness. This problem may be due to inadequacies of the scattering cross-section models used in the analysis.
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    Plate spectral elements based upon Reissner-Mindlin theory (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 1341-1360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: spectral elements ; plate finite elements ; Reissner-Mindlin plate theory ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Plate bending spectral elements based upon the Reissner-Mindlin theory is developed for a rectangular plate. Numerical comparison studies for static and eigenvalue problems, demonstrate the excellent performance and robustness of the present method. The improvement in accuracy and computational efficiency in comparison with low order plate bending elements is remarkable and suggests that the proposed approach is an alternative to existing schemes.
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    Stainless steel capillary columns for high temperature gas chromatography (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 16 (1993), S. 188-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Thermostable WCOT columns ; PLOT columns ; Stainless steel ; Silicon layer for deactivation ; Simulated distillation ; PNA analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A layer of elemental silicon has been deposited on the surface of stainless steel tubing by means of chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Two kinds of capillary column were prepared from the deactivated tubing: cross-linked, silanol-terminated polydime-thylsiloxane wall coated open tubular (WCOT) columns and molecular sieve 13X porous layer open tubular (PLOT) columns. Unlike fused silica capillary columns, stainless steel WCOT and PLOT columns can be operated at temperatures in excess of 400°C. High temperature simulated distillation has been performed successfully with a macro bore WCOT column and rapid PNA (paraffin, naphthene, and aromatic) analysis with a multidimensional gas solid chromatographic (GSC) system using PLOT columns.
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    Ambisonics (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This open access book provides a concise explanation of the fundamentals and background of the surround sound recording and playback technology Ambisonics. It equips readers with the psychoacoustical, signal processing, acoustical, and mathematical knowledge needed to understand the inner workings of modern processing utilities, special equipment for recording, manipulation, and reproduction in the higher-order Ambisonic format. The book comes with various practical examples based on free software tools and open scientific data for reproducible research. The book’s introductory section offers a perspective on Ambisonics spanning from the origins of coincident recordings in the 1930s to the Ambisonic concepts of the 1970s, as well as classical ways of applying Ambisonics in first-order coincident sound scene recording and reproduction that have been practiced since the 1980s. As, from time to time, the underlying mathematics become quite involved, but should be comprehensive without sacrificing readability, the book includes an extensive mathematical appendix. The book offers readers a deeper understanding of Ambisonic technologies, and will especially benefit scientists, audio-system and audio-recording engineers. In the advanced sections of the book, fundamentals and modern techniques as higher-order Ambisonic decoding, 3D audio effects, and higher-order recording are explained. Those techniques are shown to be suitable to supply audience areas ranging from studio-sized to hundreds of listeners, or headphone-based playback, regardless whether it is live, interactive, or studio-produced 3D audio material.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Signal processing ; Image processing ; Speech processing systems ; Acoustical engineering ; Acoustics ; Music ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDS Wave mechanics (vibration and acoustics) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTA Acoustic and sound engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTB Applied optics::TTBM Imaging systems and technology
    Language: English
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    GC behaviour of symmetrical n-dialkyl sulphides under isothermal and temperature programming conditions (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 6-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Retention index calculation by correlation techniques ; Use of n-dialkyl sulphides as standards ; Use of selective detectors ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Retention indices were determined for a homologous series of n-dialkyl sulphides on three stationary phases (SE-30, OV-17 and XE-60) under isothermal and linear temperature programming conditions. Under these two different GC conditions, equations were derived for each of the three stationary phases which showed the dependence of retention index on the number of carbon atoms and the boiling points for a homologous series of n-dialkyl sulphides. The equation for the correlation isothermal retention index was shown to be applicable to the identification of n-dialkyl sulphides using linear temperature programming. It was found that the GC behaviour of n-dialkyl sulphides makes these compounds suitable for use as a standard series instead of n-alkanes for the calculation of retention indices in GC analysis in which detectors insensitive to n-alkanes are employed. The use of the homologous series of n-dialkyl sulphides for the calculation of sulphide retention indices can be great practical importance in the microanalysis of natural compounds. We have used this method successfully in the analysis of pesticides containing S-atoms.
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    Quantitative determination of low concentrations of DHETX m. s. in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 306-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described for separation of low amounts of DHETX m. s. from human plasma, based on extraction and determination by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    The application of mass spectrometry to a quantitative characterisation of the electronic and steric effects in organic compounds - I: The transmission of substituent influence through the chain of conjugated double bondsSee Refs. 1 and 2. (1971)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 1043-1048 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of polyenic compounds of the type RC6H4(CH=CH)nCOPh, n=1, R=H,p-NMe2,p-OH,p-OMe,p-Cl,p-Br,p-NO2,m-NO2; n=2, R=H, p-NMe2, p-OMe,p-Cl,p-Br, p-NO2; n = 3, R = H, p-OMe,p-Cl, p-Br,p-No2 have been measured. The ratio of the intensities of the common ion PhCO (m/e 105) to the intensities of the molecular ions for these series is correlated with the Hammett-Brown equation with reaction constants p = 0.73 (when n = 1), 0.25 (when n =2), 0.11 (when n = 3). The transmission coefficients were calculated as π'=0.72,0.25 and 0.11 respectively [assuming p=1.01 for benzophenone series-see M. M. Bursey and F. W. McLafferty, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89, 1 (1967)]. The contributions of the inductive mesomeric direct polar conjugation and non-additive interaction were calculated in accordance with the equation log Z/Z0= ρIσI + ρc+σc+ + ρI, cσIσc+. It was found that the inductive influence as well as the mesomeric influence of substituents decreases rapidly with the increase in the number of double bonds in the chain. The direct polar effect has a very small value in all series for all substituents with the exeption of NMe2. Non-additive interaction effects are large. They probably express the general influence of RC6H4(CH=CH)n on COPh.
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    Utility of nicotinoyl derivatives in structural studies of mono- and diacylglycerols by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Part 2 (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 30 (1995), S. 432-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1076-5174
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The positional isomers of mono[(Z)-9-octadecenoyl] glycerol, di[(Z)-12-octadecadienoyl] glycerol were derivatized with nicotinic acid chloride hydrochloride. The resulting nicotinoyl derivatives were examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In their electron impact mass spectra, each methylene group and double bond of the alkyl chain is reflected by a fragmentation pattern in the high mass region. This is caused by radical-induced cleavage of the alkyl chains following random hydrogen abstraction by the pyridine nucleus. An accurate determination of double bond positions in mono- and diacylglycerols is possible by characteristic spacings between abundant diagnostic ions in this fragmentation pattern.
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    Utility of nicotinoyl derivatives in structural studies of mono- and diacylglycerols by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Part 1 (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 29 (1994), S. 253-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 1- and 2-monoacylglycerols and 1,2- and 1,3-diacylglycerols of saturated and unbranched fatty acids with 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 carbon atoms were synthesized and subsequently derivatized with nicotinic acid chloride hydrochloride. The resulting nicotinoyl derivatives were examined by mass spectrometry in the case of pure substances and as mixtures by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). From the electron impact mass spectra, differentiation between mono- and diacylglycerols and between the two positional isomers of mono-acylglycerols and diacylglycerols is possible. The molecular masses of the partial acylglycerols and the identities of the bonded fatty acid were also determined. Similarly to the nicotinoyl derivatives of saturated fatty alcohols, the nicotinoyl derivatives of partial acylglycerols produce a fragmentation pattern that reflects every methylene group of the alkyl chains. These results offer rules for the structure elucidation of partially acylated acylglycerols and probably for mixed diacylglycerols by means of GC/MS, which includes the detection of double bonds and methyl branch positions at the fatty acid alkyl chains. The molecular formulae of all the important fragments in the mass spectra of the nicotinoyl derivatives were confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Their structures and fragmentation pathways are proposed.
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    McLafferty reactions in even-electron ions?Dedicated to Professor Dr H. Bretschneider on the occasion of his 80th birthday. (1985)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 20 (1985), S. 649-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Within the scope of a comparative study of the reactivities of odd- versus even-electron ions, the possible significance of the well-known McLafferty reaction for structural analysis in even-electron ions is investigated. In order not to compare reactions of different types with one another, a selective set of experimentally verifiable features is specified which must be met by a degradation reaction to justify its classification as a true McLafferty process. The literature is critically reviewed in the light of this restrictive specification and some ambiguous examples have been reinvestigated, applying modern techniques of selective metastable ion scrutiny together with specific 2H labelling. Only in a few specific cases are even-electron ions found to decay in a McLafferty fashion according to the postulated criteria, indicating a rather limited effectiveness of the reaction as a source of structural information in this field. Fundamental problems in unequivocally pinning down a very specific mechanistic course of a reaction are encountered in spite of using sensitive new techniques of measurement.
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    A description of macroscopic damage through microstructural relaxation (1998)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 43 (1998), S. 493-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: damage ; composites ; unilateral constraints ; finite elements ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper a flexible model for the description of damage in heterogeneous structural materials is presented. The approach involves solving the equations of equilibrium, with unilateral constraints on the maximum attainable values of selected internal variables. Due to the unilateral constraints, the problem is non-linear. Accordingly, a simple iterative algorithm is developed to solve this problem by (1) computing the internal fields with the initial undamaged microstructure and (2) reducing the material stiffness at locations where the constraints are violated. This process is repeated until a solution, with a corresponding microstructure, that satisfies the equations of equilibrium and the constraints, is found. The corresponding microstructure is the final ‘damaged’ material. As an application, the method is used in an incremental fashion to generate response curves describing the progressive macroscopic damage for a sample of commonly used fibre-reinforced Aluminum/Boron composite. The results are compared to laboratory experiments published by Kyono et al. and computational results using standard numerical methods, published by Brockenbrough et al. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    A THREE-DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION FOR THERMOVISCOELASTIC ORTHOTROPIC MEDIA (1997)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 40 (1997), S. 2267-2288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: finite element method ; viscoelasticity ; incremental constitutive law ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper is concerned with the development of a numerical algorithm for the solution of the uncoupled, quasistatic initial/boundary value problem involving orthotropic linear viscoelastic media undergoing thermal and/or mechanical deformation. The constitutive equations, expressed in integral form involving the relaxation moduli, are transformed into an incremental algebraic form prior to development of the finite element formulation. This incrementalization is accomplished in closed form and results in a recursive relationship which leads to the need of solving a simple set of linear algebraic equations only for the extraction of the finite element solution. Use is made of a Dirichlet-Prony series representation of the relaxation moduli in order to derive the recursive relationship and thereby eliminate the storage problem that arises when dealing with materials possessing memory. Three illustrative example problems are included to demonstrate the method. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    In memoriam Victor Pretorius (1928-1989) (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 13 (1990), S. 148-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240130216
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    Direct gas chromatographic analysis of halogenated hydrocarbons at the part-per-trillion level (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 370-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Trace analysis ; On-column injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Large sample volume on-column injection (up to 250 μL) of n-pentane solutions of halogenated hydrocarbons has been employed for the direct measurement of both low-boiling and high-boiling compounds in what is essentially a single run. Two-bonded phase, fused-silica capillary columns are joined in series, through which the low-boiling compounds are first chromatographed and detected with an electron capture detector. High-boiling compounds are then trapped in a section joining the two columns, and subsequently chromatographed in the second column, using the same detector. This procedure permits analysis at the ppt level.
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    Profiles of volatile metabolites in biological fluids using capillary columns (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 423-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, nickel ; „Transevaporator“ into packed pre-column as sampling technique prior capillary described ; Application to volatile metabolite body fluid analysis for early detection of disease ; Serum and human breast milk as examples ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nickel capillary columns coated with moderately polarstationary phases such as Witconol can be used for the separation of the organic volatile fraction from biological fluids. A “transevaporator” sampling technique for the collection of the organic volatiles on glass beads from as little as 5 to 500 μl of biological fluids (e.g. urine, serum, amniotic fluid, breast milk, saliva, etc.) is described. The organic volatiles are thermally desorbed from the glass beads into a short precolumn cooled in liquid nitrogen, which overcomes the problems associated with sample introduction onto narrow-bore capillary columns. The application of the full analytical technique to problems associated with the early detection of disease is illustrated.
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    Application of backward differentiation methods to the finite element solution of time-dependent problems (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1051-1061 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The application of finite element methods to parabolic partial differential equations leads to large linear systems of first-order ordinary differential equations. Very often these systems are stiff and difficulties arise in their numerical solution. We attempt to analyse the problem of how to select numerical methods for the solution of such linear systems.
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    The finite element method in domains with curved boundaries (1973)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 5 (1973), S. 367-373 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: For boundary value problems of the second order in two variables, there are proposed elements suitable for use along the curved part of the boundary. Numerical results show a considerable improvement of accuracy.
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    A remark on the ‘Serendipity family’This paper was prepared during a visit to the Istituto di Elaborazione della Informazione - C.N.R in Pisa, Italy. (1973)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 7 (1973), S. 98-100 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    Considerations of core storage arising from the finite element analysis of radiation diffusion-transport benchmark problems (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1745-1764 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Problems involving the diffusion and transport (angular dependence considered) of neutron radiation are frequently encountered in radiation physics and nuclear engineering. Neutron diffusion problems require substantial computer storage arising from the energy and spatial dependence, while in the case of transport problems the angular dependence of the neutron flux and of the neutron scattering process gives rise to a further considerable increase in storage. In the present work, a method has been developed which greatly eases the bandwidth problem in the solution of large systems of linear equations and algorithms have been developed to assemble and solve such systems of equations in one and two dimensions. The formalism used is the variational method and, for simplicity, linear interpolating functions have been used to derive a symmetric banded system of equations. Finite element algorithms have been implemented in the codes FEED1 and FEED2, which treat one and two space dimensions, respectively. Three benchmark problems are analysed in this paper and results are compared with finite difference discrete ordinate method solutions. It is shown that the finite element method provides fast and accurate solutions to neutron diffusion and transport problems.
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    The chemical ionization mass spectrometry of RDX (1982)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 17 (1982), S. 74-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fragmentation pathways of RDX in chemical ionization mass spectrometry have been rationalized, using data from different reagent gases, including CD4 and iso-C4D10. The dependence of spectra taken with different gases on the acid strength of the reactant ions in the gases is accounted for.
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    Chemical ionization mass spectra of 2, 4, 6-trinitroaromatic compounds (1976)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976), S. 388-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The methane and isobutane chemical ionization mass spectra of ten 2,4,6-trinitroaromatic compounds have been recorded. The mass spectra contain intense [M + 1]+ ions and usually little fragmentation. However, in some cases major fragmentation processes have been observed. Some unusual adduct ions have been found with isobutane as the reagent and their temperature dependence has been studied.
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    QUASI-STATIC MoL-BASED APPROACH FOR THE ANALYSIS OF MULTILAYER TRANSMISSION LINE STRUCTURES (1997)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 209-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this paper, a generalized approach for the analysis of multistrip multidielectric layer transmission line structures based on the Method of Lines (MoL) is presented. The proposed algorithm is not limited either by the number of dielectric layers or by the number of metallic strips that can be positioned at different interfaces. The program we have written has been successfully tested on various structures and the obtained results are compared with those published by other authors. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mass spectrometry of 3-methoxy fatty acid methyl esters (1976)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976), S. 1114-1119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fatty acids with a hydroxyl moiety at the C-3 position are found widely in bacterial lipids, but only rarely in mammalian lipids. The mass spectra of the methyl ether derivative of these hydroxy acids exhibit an intense ion at m/e 75, rather than the rearrangement ion at m/e 74 more typical of fatty acid methyl esters. The mass spectrometric behavior of several 3-methoxy fatty acid methyl esters were studied, and the origin of the unique ion at m/e 75 was established using 18O and 2H labeled analogs and metastable ion transitions. this ion was shown to arise from the loss of ketene from the 3,4 cleavage ion at m/e 117.
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    A modification of the Monte Carlo method for steady heat conduction problems (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1057-1064 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The unique capability of calculating single points by Monte Carlo Methods is used in an attempt to develop an efficient Monte Carlo method for whole field calculations of heat conduction problems. Rather than calculate the whole field by Monte Carlo, only select points around the boundaries of inscribed figures of standard shapes are are so calculated. Interior points of the inscribed figures are then calculated by analytical (non-numerical) techniques. The procedure is described and shown to be more efficient than previously published Monte Carlo modifications but not as efficient as the Gauss-Seidel method. This new procedure will most likely be competitive for subregion calculations rather than for whole field calculations (for which standard numerical procedures are most efficient) or for single point calculations (for which other Monte Carlo methods are most efficient).
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    A three-dimensional layer-wise constant shear element for general anisotropic shell-type structures (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 2445-2470 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper deals with the development of a new three-dimensional element with two-dimensional kinematic constraints capable of analysing the mechanical behaviour of the laminated anisotropic shell-type structures. This element, originally developed for the linear analysis of plates, is extended for the linear analysis of laminated composite shells. The element can represent arbitrarily curved shells with variable number of layers and thicknesses, including ply drop-off problems. The element was validated in a previous work by the patch test. All the analytical details necessary to make possible the shell analysis are presented here. Examples are reported to show the capability of the element to predict the behaviour of complex structures and a refined computation of the stresses is carried out by integrating the equilibrium equations.
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    Mass spectra of heterocyclic compounds VI.For Part V, see Ref. 1. 3,4-dihydro-1H-2,3-benzothiazine 2,2-dioxides (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 25 (1990), S. 517-521 
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    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass fragmentation behaviour of 3,4-dihydro-1H-2,3-benzothiazine 2,2-dioxides was studied. The rationalizations suggested are supported by accurate mass measurements, metastable evidence and deuterium labelling.
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    An efficient method for determining eigenvalues in vibratory systems (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Applied Numerical Methods 4 (1988), S. 33-41 
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    ISSN: 0748-8025
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper the method of eigenvalues computation of mechanical linear systems is presented. The method has a general character and applies to conservative as well as non-conservative systems. It is especially useful for complex structures with a large number of degrees-of-freedom.
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    On fast determining eigenvalues in vibration (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Applied Numerical Methods 6 (1990), S. 185-189 
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    ISSN: 0748-8025
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A method for fast determining eigenvalues in real vibratory systems is demonstrated. The method applies to systems with distinct eigenvalues. Examples to illustrate the solution procedure are presented.
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    On the construction of physical systems from spectral data (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Applied Numerical Methods 6 (1990), S. 269-277 
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    ISSN: 0748-8025
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an algorithm for the solution of the inverse problem for a matrix differential equation of the form Aẍ + Bẋ + Cx = 0. In the method use is made of the Taylor formula for a matrix function of many variables. It is shown that the algorithm is always convergent. The paper includes a description of the appropriate algorithms and numerical examples.
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    Hyphenation of gas chromatography and resonance-enhanced laser mass spectrometry (REMPI-TOFMS): A multidimensional analytical technique (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 20 (1997), S. 461-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Time-of-flight mass spectrometry ; Hyphenated analytical techniques ; REMPI laser ionization ; Selective ionization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Analysis of environmental samples usually requires time consuming sample preparation and clean-up procedures prior to instrumental detection. Faster analysis requires an enhanced instrumental selectivity in order to reduce the necessary clean-up effort. In this context we present a novel concept for coupling gas chromartography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with high resolution UV spectoscopy to increase selectivity. We use UV-laser induced, resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI)as a compound specifie ion source for time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS). The REMPI ionization involves the UV absorption spectroscopy into the ionization process as an aditional analytical dimension. The heart of the GC-REMPI-TOFMS coupling is a specially designed valve, which repetitively (20 Hz) expands the chromatographic eluent as short supersonic jet gas pulses (≈ 150 μs duration) into the vacuum of the mass specrtrometer. The sample molecules are cooled down to temperatures of 10-40 K within the jet expansion. Under these conditions, UV absorption spectriscopy (i.e. REMPi spectroscopy) becomes highly compound selective, even able to distinguish isomeric compounds. The ions formed by REMPI ionization are mass analyzed in the TOFMS. Thus the GC-REMPI-TOFMS coupling presented here is actually a three-dimensional analytical instrument, providing gas chromatographic (retention time) as well as mass spectrometric (molecular mass) and UV -spectroscopic (excitation laser wavelength) selectivity. In combination with gas phase sampling and concentration techniques for semi-volatile organic air pollutants based, e.g., on silicone rubber traps the GC-LAMS technique can be a powerful tool for fast environmental target analysis, e.g. for industrial emission control purposes.
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    Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering study of the groove binding dye hoechst 33258 (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 26 (1995), S. 435-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The groove binding dye Hoechst 33258 was investigated both in aqueous solution and in the adsorbed form on silver colloids and island films. Fourier transform Raman, resonance Raman and surface enhanced resonance Raman spectra were used together with the results of a normal coordinate analysis for a comprehensive assignment of the rich vibrational spectrum. Relative band intensities in the SERRS spectra indicate that the molecule is adsorbed with its long axis oriented along the silver surface and with the planes of the benzimidazole rings approximately parallel to the surface. The molecule is bound to the surface as a cation protonated at a piperazine nitrogen atom and is desorbed on complete deprotonation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250260607
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    Etude par RMN 13C de quelques époxydes exo et endo dans la série du bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 6 (1974), S. 492-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The 13C NMR spectral study of epoxy bicyclo [2.2.1]-heptanes reveals a strong influence on the chemical shift of the bridging 13C, due to the endo or exo orientation of the heterocyclic ring. The difference between the 13C and 1H Δδ shows that the observed results cannot be explained by the ring current alone.
    Notes: L'étude RMN 13C de composés époxybicyclo[2.2.1]-heptaniques fait ressortir une forte influence de l'orientation endo ou exo de l'hétérocycle sur le glissement chimique du 13C pontal. La différence entre les variations de glissements chimiques en 13C et 1H montre que l'effet de courant de cycle ne peut seul rendre compte des résultats observés.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1270060908
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    Carbon-13 magnetic resonance study of spiro compounds (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 6 (1974), S. 346-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A large series of cyclohexane and cyclopentane spiro compounds has been studied by carbon-13 NMR. Increments have been derived in terms of α, β, γ spiro substituent effects, one ring being considered as the substituent of the other. As usual α and β effects are paramagnetic and γ effects are diamagnetic. They are compared with the corresponding effects associated with the introduction of a gem dimethyl group into a cyclohexane or cyclopentane ring. The size of the two rings involved in the spirane structure has a marked influence especially on the chemical shift of the spirane carbon atom. Comparison between monospiro and dispiro derivatives gives information about the so-called 1,5 or δ effect which is paramagnetic. From an analytical point of view, carbon-13 NMR appears to be a powerful method of detecting the spirane structure, apparently including the relative size of the rings.
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    Natural convection in an enclosure with a vertical baffle (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Applied Numerical Methods 4 (1988), S. 631-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 0748-8025
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical study is made of natural convection in an enclosure with a vertical, finitely conducting baffle. The end-wall is assumed to be either perfectly conducting or adiabatic. Predicted flow and isotherm patterns indicate the existence of strong thermal stratification in the baffle/cold wall region and are in qualitative agreement with reported experimental results. The baffle strongly influences the hot-wall Nusselt number distribution, but has a weaker effect on the cold-wall Nusselt number distribution. The predicted Nusselt numbers show satisfactory agreement with the high Rayleigh number based experimental correlation of Lin and Bejan in a partially divided enclosure of aspect ratio 0.3.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1630040506
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    Study of protein association and micelle formation in surfactants by microcolumn exclusion chromatography (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 111-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, LC ; Exclusion chromatography ; Glass microcolumns ; Protein association ; Surfactants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The application of microcolumn exclusion chromatography to the determination of equilibrium and kinetic association constants for proteins is described. Taking phospholipase A2 as an example, the relationship between association and enzymatic activity was investigated. A procedure for determination of the critical concentration of micelle formation (CCM) in surfactants was developed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240090211
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    Finite volume computation of incompressible turbulent flows in general co-ordinates on staggered grids (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 20 (1995), S. 621-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: finite volume ; curvilinear co-ordinates ; staggered grid ; turbulent recirculating flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A brief review of the computation of incompressible turbulent flow in complex geometries is given. A 2D finite volume method for the calculation of turbulent flow in general curvilinear co-ordinates is described. This method is based on a staggered grid arrangement and the contravariant flux componets are chosen as primitive variables. Turbulence is modelled either by the standard k-ε model or by a k-ε model based on RNG theory. Convection is approximated with central differences for the mean flow quantities and a TVD-type MUSCL scheme for the turbulence equations. The sensitivity of the method to the grid properties is investigated. An application of this method to a complex turbulent flow is presented. The results of computations are compared with experimental data and other numerical solutions and are found to be satisfactory.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650200703
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    ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF A THIRD-ORDER ACCURATE MONOTONE CONVECTION SCHEME WITH APPLICATION TO TURBULENT FLOWS IN GENERAL DOMAINS (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 619-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: convective transport ; monotonicity ; finite volume ; boundary-fitted co-ordinates ; turbulence modelling ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A formally third-order accurate finite volume upwind scheme which preserves monotonicity is constructed. It is based on a third-order polynomial interpolant in Leonard's normalized variable space. A flux limiter is derived using the fact that there exists a one-to-one map between normalized variable and TVD spaces. This scheme, which is relatively simple and quite compact, is implemented in a staggered general co-ordinates finite volume algorithm including the standard k-ε model and applied to the turbulence transport equations. A number of test problems demonstrate the utility of the proposed scheme. It is shown that in cases where turbulence convection is dominant, the application of a higher-order monotone convection scheme to the turbulence equations leads to results which are more accurate than those obtained using the first-order upwind scheme.
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    Generalized potential flow theory and direct calculation of velocities applied to the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes and the Boussinesq equations (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 599-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Navier-Stokes ; Boussinesq ; Bernoulli ; Vorticity ; Potentials ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A formulation based on three scalar functions or potentials is applied to analyse the Navier-Stokes and Boussinesq equations in three dimensions. In this formulation an explicit expression for the pressure exists, the so-called generalized Bernoulli equation. Therefore the scalar functions formulation may be considered as a generalization of the well-known potential flow and Bernoulli theory for irrotational fluid motion. The many advantages of this formulation applied to three-dimensional Navier-Stokes and Boussinesq flow will be discussed, and a numerical example is given as an illustration.
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    Location of functional groups in antipyrine metabolites by mass spectrometry (1977)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1977), S. 155-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of antipyrine metabolites show characteristic fragmentation patterns which depend on the presence and position of functional groups. A substituent at position 4 is indicated by an intense key fragment at m/e 56 and a substituent at the methyl group in position 3 causes a significant increase in the intensity of the peak at m/e 82. The fragment at m/e 96, which is characteristic for antipyrine itself, is suppressed if there is a substituent in either position 3 or 4. Mass spectra of the glucuronides of 4-hydroxyantipyrine and 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine are also discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200040307
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    In memoriam to a great engineering scientist and educator (1997)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 40 (1997), S. 4471-4475 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: No Abstract
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    In memoriam to a great engineering scientist and educator. Professor Richard Hugo Gallagher. 17 November 1927-30 September 1997 (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1997), S. 903-907 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: No Abstract
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    Linked interpolation for Reissner-Mindlin plate elements: Part I - A simple quadrilateral (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 36 (1993), S. 3043-3056 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In most plate elements using the Reissner-Mindlin assumptions, the interpolations used for the lateral displacements (w) and the rotation (θ) involve the independent representation of each variable by its nodal values, usually with identical interpolations. To ensure a higher order of expansion for displacement w its representation is linked in the present paper with both sets of nodal variables.Conditions necessary for the use of such expansions are established here and the paper shows the development of a linear quadrilateral element (Q4BL) whose performance and robustness are good (although it possesses one singularity if only three degrees of freedom are prescribed).In Part II we apply the identical formulation to develop a triangular element (T3BL) which performs equally well and is fully robust.
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    Superconvergent patch recovery techniques - some further tests (1993)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993), S. 251-258 
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    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A modification has been introduced to the new superconvergent patch derivative recovery technique recently developed (Zienkiewicz and Zhu, 1991). By use of a locally normalized co-ordinate system, the application of this technique can now be applied to higher-order finite-element shape functions. Numerical studies are carried out for up to 6th-order elements in one dimension and for up to quartic elements in two dimensions, and superconvergent results are obtained for all examples tested.
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    Error estimates and convergence rates for various incompressible elements (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2191-2202 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This note reports numerical experiments on the efficiency of simple error estimates derived earlier1 applied to incompressible mixed or related penalty type formulations. The rate of convergence and performance of various mixed elements is compared. Numerical results from a driven cavity and an incompressible elastic problem demonstrate that the T6B1/3D and T6/3C elements give a faster rate of convergence than the T6/1D element. However, in the case of a plane extrusion analysis (stronger singularity), the rate of convergence for the T6B1/3D element drops and is inferior to that of the T6/1D, while the T6/3C element still proves superior to the other two elements.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280914
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    Error estimates and adaptive refinement for plate bending problems (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2839-2853 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The Zienkiewicz-Zhu error estimator is shown to be effective in problems of plate flexure. When used in conjunction with triangular elements and an adaptive mesh generator allowing a prescribed size of elements to be developed, very fast adaptive convergence for results of specified accuracy is achieved.
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    Incompressibility without tears - HOW to avoid restrictions of mixed formulation (1991)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 32 (1991), S. 1189-1203 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The severe restrictions of the Babuška-Brezzi stability criteria permit only a limited number of interpolations for velocities (displacements) and pressure to be used for incompressible behaviour. These restrictions preclude the use of many useful elements. We show in this paper how such difficulties can be side-stepped by seeking the steady state solution through the use of various time marching schemes. This permits a simple iterative approach to incompressible (or nearly incompressible) problems of fluid mechanics or solid mechanics and provides a stimulus for the use of such procedures in metal forming flow, etc.
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    A general explicit or semi-explicit algorithm for compressible and incompressible flows (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 35 (1992), S. 457-479 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This note presents a rational basis for a unified finite element algorithm capable of dealing with a wide range of fluid flow in both steady and transient cases. It is hoped that empiricism inherent in many previous approaches can be avoided and a sound basis provided. The algorithm permits the use of equal interpolation for all variables by avoiding the need for the Babuska-Brezzi constraints in regions where the flow is nearly incompressible.The success of the algorithm, which here is written for the non-conservative equation form, is demonstrated on several examples ranging from (nearly) incompressible through transonic regions to supersonic flows. Up to mild shocks such as those occurring in the examples presented in this paper, no 'artificial' viscosity is added at any stage.The algorithm extends some concepts introduced in an earlier paper.
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    Computational structural mechanics and fluid dynamics CASV 30/1-2H, edited by A. K. Noor, ISBN 008 0371973, Pergamon Press, Oxford OX3 OBW, U.K., 1988. Price: £70.00 $125.00 (hardback). No. of pages: 465 (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2711-2711 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620281117
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    Adaptive FEM computation of forming processes - Application to porous and non-porous materials (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 1527-1553 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the ‘flow formulation’ approach applicable to both compressible and incompressible forming analysis. Appropriate error estimates and adaptive remeshing schemes are described for updated co-ordinate analysis. Several numerical examples are given. These are backward-forward extrusion and thermally coupled extrusion of pore-free materials, followed by cylinder upsetting, and tapered die extrusion of porous materials. The simulation of the deformation is shown as well as the distribution of effective strain and density at different time stages. The procedures are automatic and are incorporated in a general purpose code FEMMETA.
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    The superconvergent patch recovery and a posteriori error estimates. Part 1: The recovery technique (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 33 (1992), S. 1331-1364 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This is the first of two papers concerning superconvergent recovery techniques and a posteriori error estimation. In this paper, a general recovery technique is developed for determining the derivatives (stresses) of the finite element solutions at nodes. The implementation of the recovery technique is simple and cost effective. The technique has been tested for a group of widely used linear, quadratic and cubic elements for both one and two dimensional problems. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the recovered nodal values of the derivatives with linear and cubic elements are superconvergent. One order higher accuracy is achieved by the procedure with linear and cubic elements but two order higher accuracy is achieved for the derivatives with quadratic elements. In particular, an O(h4) convergence of the nodal values of the derivatives for a quadratic triangular element is reported for the first time. The performance of the proposed technique is compared with the widely used smoothing procedure of global L2 projection and other methods. It is found that the derivatives recovered at interelement nodes, by using L2 projection, are also superconvergent for linear elements but not for quadratic elements. Numerical experiments on the convergence of the recovered solutions in the energy norm are also presented. Higher rates of convergence are again observed. The results presented in this part of the paper indicate clearly that a new, powerful and economical process is now available which should supersede the currently used post-processing procedures applied in most codes.
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    The superconvergent patch recovery and a posteriori error estimates. Part 2: Error estimates and adaptivity (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 33 (1992), S. 1365-1382 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this second part of the paper, the issue of a posteriori error estimation is discussed. In particular, we derive a theorem showing the dependence of the effectivity index for the Zienkiewicz-Zhu error estimator on the convergence rate of the recovered solution. This shows that with superconvergent recovery the effectivity index tends asymptotically to unity. The superconvergent recovery technique developed in the first part of the paper1 is the used in the computation of the Zienkiewicz-Zhu error estimator to demonstrate accurate estimation of the exact error attainable. Numerical tests are shown for various element types illustrating the excellent effectivity of the error estimator in the energy norm and pointwise gradient (stress) error estimation. Several examples of the performance of the error estimator in adaptive mesh refinement are also presented.
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    Numerical computation of internal and external flow vol. 1. Fundamentals of numerical discretisation, C. Hirsch, Wiley, Chichester, 1988, ISBN 0471 917621 (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2465-2465 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620281016
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    Preface (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 34 (1992), S. 1-1 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620340102
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    Computational mechanics today (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 34 (1992), S. 9-33 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Computational Mechanics or Computational Applied Science is today the base on which most of the achievements of engineering and physics are built. Its concern is the solution of complex mathematical theories in numerical terms, without which the translation of these into practical artifacts would be impossible. Indeed, by providing such quantitative measures it enhances the understanding of the physical phenomena and stimulates further development of theory and physical experiment.Most of the theory underlying physical phenomena is cast in terms of, often involved, differential equations for which closed forms of solution are seldom possible. Numerical approximation or discretization processes are necessary for quantitative solution. Here the first steps were taken at the start of this century by the pioneering work of Richardson introducing finite difference approximations. The invention of relaxation methods by Southwell during the Second World War allowed many practical solutions to be achieved. However, it was the advent of the electronic digital computer that marked the turning point in Computational Mechanics. The dramatic escalation of the power of these machines, which still continues today, allowed the development of the field of Computational Mechanics as we know it.It is through this computer power that such methods of approximations as finite elements, finite differences, boundary solutions and spectral processes became a practical reality, though each was anticipated in the pre computer area. It is not surprising therefore, that the mathematical foundations and the full development of such methods have been accomplished only relatively recently.Today we see the field of activity subdivided between those specializing in the development of the various computational approximation processes and those seeking optimal numerical solutions for their particular field of application. It is the objective of this Congress and indeed of the International Association of Computational Mechanics to provide a forum at which an interdisciplinary exchange of information can take place between the various sections and disciplines of the whole field. Indeed, this is the way progress can best be achieved. Recent history indicates that substantial advances are as frequently made due to a method seeking a new application as through a problem requiring a solution.In recent history we have seen on occasion a liaison of a particular computational approximation method to a field of application occurring through historical accident. Here the intimate association of the finite method and the field of SOLID MECHANICS (CSM or Computational Solid Mechanics) and that of the finite differences with FLUID DYNAMICS (CDF or Computational Fluid Dynamics) can be observed as classical examples. Today the advent of new application fields and a better understanding of the approximation theory are helping to break down the barriers and ensure a more rational matching of objectives and methods. We shall illustrate the lecture with examples of such recent progress and state some possibilities as yet unexplored. Indeed, we are sure that the Congress will achieve in much more detail the same aims.This presentation stresses the essential unity of the subject and discusses some areas where progress and research are currently active. Two of such, adaptive error controlled analysis and treatment of hyperbolic (fluid) problems, are singled out due to their wide applications.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620340104
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    Elasto-plastic solutions of engineering problems ‘initial stress’, finite element approach (1969)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 75-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper presents first a general formulation of the elasto-plastic matrix for evaluating stress increments from those of stresses for any yield surface with an associated flow rule. A new ‘initial stress’ computational process is proposed which is shown (1) to yield more rapid convergence than alternative approaches (2) to permit large load increments without violating the yield criteria and thus simply to establish lower bound solutions. Several solutions showing stress distribution, strain development and growth of plastic enclaves are given both for the von Mises and for Coulomb (Drucker) type yield surfaces. Load reversal and thermoplastic behaviour are dealt with.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620010107
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  • 91
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    Transient field problems: Two-dimensional and three-dimensional analysis by isoparametric finite elements (1970)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 2 (1970), S. 61-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The transient field problem of the type encountered in heat conduction problems is formulated in terms of the finite element process using the Galerkin approach. Curved two-dimensional and three-dimensional, isoparametric elements are used in a time-stepping solution and their advantages illustrated by means of several examples.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620020107
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    Replies to letters to editor (1970)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 2 (1970), S. 146-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620020114
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    Computational methods in partial differential equations. A. R. Mitchell, Wiley, London, 1969 (1970)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 2 (1970), S. 299-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620020216
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  • 94
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    Reduced integration technique in general analysis of plates and shells (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 275-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The solution of plate and shell problems by an independent specification of slopes and middle surface displacements is attractive due to its simplicity and ability of reproducing shear deformation. Unfortunately elements of this type are much too stiff when thickness is reduced.In an earlier paper a derivation of such an element was presented1 which proved very successful in ‘thick’ situations. Here a very simple extension is made which allows the element to be economically used in all situations.The improved flexibility is achieved simply by reducing the order of numerical integration applied to certain terms without sacrificing convergence properties. The process is of very wide applicability in improvement of element properties.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030211
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  • 95
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    Flow of plastic and visco-plastic solids with special reference to extrusion and forming processes (1974)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 8 (1974), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: When large, progressive, deformation occurs under plastic or visco-plastic conditions, elastic deformations are negligible and the material flows in a viscous manner. The flow is non-Newtonian and the viscosity is a function of the current strain rates. An effective numerical treatment of such non-Newtonian flow by the finite element method is indicated here and is illustrated by examples of an extrusion process for which approximate slip line solutions are known.The methodology is extended to the solution of transient, quasi-static situations and coupling with thermodynamic equations is discussed.A stream function formulation of the problem is used.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620080102
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    Matrices for scientists and engineers, W. W. Bell (University of Aberdeen), Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1974. £3·95 paperback £7·75 cloth (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 605-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110318
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  • 97
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    Finite element methods in flow problems, Second International Symposium, Proceedings Conference held at Santa Margharita Ligure, Italy, June 1976. Published by ICCAD, c/o 1st Scienze delle Costruzioni, Via Montallegro 1, 16145 Genova, Italy. $25 (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1198-1198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110717
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  • 98
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    Advanced matrix theory for scientists and engineers, A. S. Deif, Abacus Press, Tunbridge Wells, 1982. No. of pages: 241. Price: £14.95 (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1423-1423 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180916
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  • 99
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    A novel boundary infinite element (1983)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 393-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new, improved infinite element based on mapping is proposed for modelling unbounded domain problems. Mapping has previously been used in such problems, not only for the entire domain, but also for the infinite element itself. The novelty of the present approach is the simplicity of the mapping, and the retention of standard integration abscissae and weights. The implementation of these elements is very straightforward, and they are ideally suited for the analysis of infinite domain static problems in two and three dimensions.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620190307
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  • 100
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    The patch test for mixed formulations (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1873-1883 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a simple extension of the patch test to mixed formulations to provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for convergence. The general algebraic conditions of Babuska and Brezzi are given a simple form and a conceptual application of the patch tests serves to point out the instability of several well known formulations for incompressible problems. The test is also applied to mixed displacement - strain formulations of elasticity, and limiting formulations are noted.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620231007
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