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  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (31,708)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • 1985-1989  (37,958)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 3993-4000 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper describes the application of an adaptive learning system comprising an associative memory to the characterization of ultrasonic phenomena. The mapping of source and waveform data and vice versa can be performed by utilizing the off-diagonal cross-correlation portions of the associative memory. It is suggested that a more general description of the ultrasonic phenomena can be obtained if the diagonal, autocorrelation portions of the memory are also utilized. In this case, the memory is applicable for the autoassociative optimal filtering of experimental data. Experiments are described which utilize such an adaptive system, running on a laboratory minicomputer, to process the signals from a transient ultrasonic source in a plate specimen. It is shown how the system learns from the experimental pattern vectors, formed from the ultrasonic waveforms and encoded information about the source. The source characteristics are recovered by the recall procedure from the detected ultrasonic signals and vice versa. Also, the changes in the wave phenomenon corresponding to changes in the boundary conditions of the specimen can be detected from the discrepancy between the presented and the learned signals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new type of solid-state sensor for the detection of minute concentrations of hydrogen gas has been developed. The sensor was made of thin, commercially available polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) pyroelectric film, sputter coated with Pd. An infrared laser beam served to produce alternating temperature gradients on the Pd-PVDF and on reference Al-Ni-PVDF films, which, in turn, generated ac voltages due to the photopyroelectric (P2E) effect. Exposure to hydrogen gas was shown to produce an increased differential signal between the Pd and reference electrodes; this was tentatively attributed to the adsorption and dissociation of hydrogen molecules on the Pd surface, which caused a shift on the Pd-PVDF pyroelectric coefficient, due to interactions at the Pd-PVDF interface. The differential signal was found to be proportional to the square root of the hydrogen partial pressure at very low concentrations (〈1000 ppm). A semiquantitative interpretation of the differential signal has been achieved using simple gas-solid interaction theory and the combination of the Langmuir isotherm with the photopyroelectric theory in the range of 4–200 Pa. For high pressures (〉200 Pa) the paper is limited only to a phenomenological description. The thickness of the palladium layer has been found to play an important role with respect to the signal response. Presently, hydrogen concentrations as small as 40 ppm, in a flowing H2+N2 mixture, have been detected. The influence of gas flow rate has also been studied. Other characteristics such as the response times, the reversibility, and the durability of the Pd-PVDF-P2E hydrogen detector will also be presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 4010-4012 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The quenching cross sections of Ne metastable levels by N2 and CO were measured to be (in A(ring)2 units): 8.3±0.4, 8.7±0.4 for 3s(3/2)2 level and 8.0±0.4, 9.1±0.4 for 3s(1/2)0 level, respectively, at 443 K. The metastables are produced by a pulsed electron beam and their population was monitored by fluorescence induced by a cw dye laser.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 4013-4018 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The generation of quasi-static uniform electric fields by a slotted conducting spherical shell is fully analyzed for an arbitrary number of slots pairs, and optimum surface potential and slots position are determined. Numerical results for spherical shells with up to 14 slots are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 4001-4009 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper discusses a theoretical as well as experimental study of the performance of electro-optic sampling using a noncontact electro-optic probe, i.e., external electro-optic sampling. Sensitivity, temporal resolution, and the capacitive loading effect of this system are calculated by analysis of a static electric field coupled to an electro-optic crystal placed in close proximity to transmission lines such as microstrip lines and coplanar strips. Full-wave analysis is also applied to investigate effect of the electro-optic crystal on the transient property of high-speed electrical signals. Based on these analytical considerations, we have developed an external electro-optic sampling system using precise probe-positioning technology, which improves the measurement reproducibility. A temporal resolution of 0.5 ps and a spatial resolution of 1 μm are confirmed with this system.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 4089-4094 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Experimental and theoretical studies of a fundamental mode large-orbit gyrotron designed to produce high-power rf radiation in the TE11 mode at about 1 GHz are reported. Theoretical calculations performed as part of the experimental design process are presented. Results of initial experiments are reported in which 500–1000 MW of rf radiation was observed at frequencies 700 and 1200 MHz, consistent with theoretical expectations. The estimated eletronic efficiency of the device is about 10%. Gas cell breakdown patterns produced by the rf pulse are consistent with operation in the desired TE11 mode.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 4104-4111 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: As a second in a series of theoretical models for the electrical discharge machining (EDM) process, an erosion model for the anode material is presented. As with our point heat-source model in the previous article, the present model also accepts power rather than temperature as the boundary condition at the plasma/anode interface. A constant fraction of the total power supplied to the gap is transferred to the anode. The power supplied is assumed to produce a Gaussian-distributed heat flux on the surface of the anode material. Furthermore, the area upon which the flux is incident is assumed to grow with time. The model is capable of showing, via the determined migrating melt fronts, the rapid melting of the anodic material as well as the subsequent resolidification of the material foation from plasma dynamics modeling could improve substantially our results.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 4112-4122 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Designs are proposed, based on a series of one-dimensional calculations, for layered, hollow cylindrical targets to be placed on the axis of an imploding, hollow Z-pinch plasma that can create the approximate plasma conditions, as well as radiation spectrum, for a photoionization pumped, Ne-like recombination laser. The lasant must reach the Ne-like state and be at the appropriate density at the same time that the photoionizing pump radiation is present, placing severe constraints on designs for such targets. Target designs are further constrained by the fact that the 3s-2p resonance line, which depopulates the lower lasing state, must not be highly trapped and by the fact that the upper lasing state must not be collisionally depopulated. We find that hollow, cylindrical targets consisting of a few-micron-thick CH strongback, coated on the inside with a thin layer of Ni lasant and on the outside with an Al converter layer, can be optimized to achieve appropriate conditions for lasing and modest levels of gain.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 4163-4175 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The trigatron has been in widespread use as a demand-triggered, high-voltage switch for more than 40 years. In spite of the popularity and maturity of the technology, there persists an uncertainty over the basic physical mechanism(s) responsible for triggering breakdown in the devices. We present the results of an empirical study of trigatrons that directly demonstrates that breakdown is initiated by a streamer launched from the trigger pin, independent of the trigger spark. We compare our results with those of previous workers, and discuss the generality of our conclusions.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 4181-4183 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Reaction kinetics for the direct synthesis process of compound GaSb from Ga and Sb metals was studied by observing viscosity changes of the melt during the reaction process. The mole fraction of Ga (cGa) was obtained during synthesis using the equation; log η=cGa(log ηGa +log ηSb)+(1−2cGa)log ηGaSb, where η is the viscosity of the total system, and ηGa,ηSb, and ηGaSb are the viscosities of molten Ga metal, molten Sb metal, and molten GaSb, respectively. The reaction rate was obtained from the variation of the mole fraction of reactant cGa. Assuming a second-order reaction, the activation energy was estimated to be 15.5 kcal/mol.
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