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  • 1
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    London : Belhaven Pr. [u.a.]
    Signatur: AWI P5-92-0453
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The first book in Belhaven's new Polar Research Series, published in association with the Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, offers a multidisciplinary examination of the historical record and the current developments surrounding Soviet activities and policies in their vast maritime arctic region. The book presents a range of issues in such diverse fields as history, environment, philosophy, law, oceanography, geology, marine transportation and strategic studies. Captain Brigham has brought together a unique group of experts, historians, geographers, polar scientists, legal specialists and environmentalists from North America, Europe and the USSR to provide a broad and up-to-date picture of this vast polar marine region. The book shows how huge resources and vital transport arteries of the polar north will become of increasing importance not only to the new Soviet Union but also to the entire northern hemisphere. The book is the first available in the West to present an integrated and authoritative view of the "last frontier" of the Soviet Union.
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: XV, 336 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. , 24 cm
    ISBN: 1852931698
    Serie: Polar Research Series [1]
    Anmerkung: Contents: List of figures. - List of tables. - Biographies of the Editor and Contributors. - List of acronyms. - Foreword / James M. Broadus. - Acknowledgements. - 1. Introduction / Lawson W. Brigham. - PART I EXPLORATION: PAST AND PRESENT. - 2. The Arctic Ocean in Russian history to 1945 / William Barr. - 3. The 1987 expedition of the icebreaker Sibir to the North Pole / Ivan Frolov. - PART II MAN AND THE NATURAL SETTING. - 4. Sea ice distribution in the Soviet Arctic / Donald Barnett. - 5 Environmental protection in the Soviet Arctic seas / Alexei Y. Roginko. - 6. The Arctic in the Russian identity / Franklyn Griffiths, Canada. - 7. Oil and gas resources in the offshore Soviet Arctic / James W. Clarke. - PART III. CHALLENGES OF MARINE AND RIVER TRANSPORT. - 8. Technical developments and the future of Soviet Arctic marine transportation / Lawson W. Brigham. - 9. Management of the Northern Sea Route: stages and problems of development / Alexander I. Arikaynen. - 10 Northern Sea Route operations in the 1986-7 Season / Terence Armstrong. - 11. Technical aspects of ice navigation and port construction in the Soviet Arctic / Gordon G. Watson. - 12 The Siberian rivers as a transport system / Robert N. North. - PART IV LEGAL AND GEOPOLITICAL PERSPECTIVES. - 13. The geostrategic conditions of deterrence in the Barents Sea / Willy Østreng. - 14. The legal regime of Soviet Arctic marine areas / William E. Butler. - 15. Canada-USSR Arctic Science Exchange Programme: An historical perspective of arctic cooperation / Walter Slipchenko. - 16. International cooperation in the Arctic: Soviet attitudes and actions / Oran R. Young and Gail Osherenko. - 17. A Comparison of Soviet Arctic and Antarctic policies / Christopher C. Joyner. - PART V APPENDICES. - Appendix I Excerpt on international arctic affairs/foreign policy taken from the speech in Murmansk by Mikhail S. Gorbachev, 1 October 1987. - Appendix II Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to improve the protection of nature in the regions of the far north and in the sea areas adjacent to the northern coastline of the USSR. - Appendix III Agreement between the government of Canada and the government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on cooperation in the Arctic and the North. - Appendix IV USSR participation in selected international arrangements. - Index.
    Standort: AWI Lesesaal
    Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Signatur: IASS 18.91780
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Part I - The Polar code and Beyond -- Part II - Arctic Ship Monitoring/Tracking -- Part III - Arctic Governance -- Part IV - Protection and Response in the Arctic Marine Environment -- Part V - Training and Capacity Building -- Part VI - Sustainable Arctic Business Development -- Part VII - Conclusion
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This volume brings together multiple perspectives on both the changing Arctic environment and the challenges and opportunities it presents for the shipping sector. It argues for the adoption of a forward-looking agenda that respects the fragile and changing Arctic frontier. With the accelerated interest in and potential for new maritime trade routes, commercial transportation and natural resource development, the pressures on the changing Arctic marine environment will only increase. The International Maritime Organization Polar Code is an important step toward Arctic stewardship. This new volume serves as an important guide to this rapidly developing agenda. Addressing a range of aspects, it offers a valuable resource for academics, practitioners, environmentalists and affected authorities in the shipping industry alike
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: ix, 486 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 9783319784243 , 9783319784250 (eBook)
    Serie: WMU Studies in Maritime Affairs 7
    Sprache: Englisch
    Zweigbibliothek: RIFS Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: This report is a summary of an international workshop on the Soviet Maritime Arctic held May 10-13, 1987 by the Marine Policy Center of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Twenty-eight scholars from Canada, Great Britain, Norway and the United States participated. The workshop provided a forum for Western scholars to examine and discuss Soviet domestic and international policies regarding the Arctic Ocean. Interdisciplinary workshop sessions addressed the following concerns: strategic, geographic, historical, legal, scientific, technological, transportation, geopolitical and resource development. This report includes an overview of the workshop, 15 abstracts of contributed papers (8 with figures or tables), and an edited transcript of the concluding discussion session. Appendices include the final program, a list of participants and a list of discussion questions contributed by the participants prior to the workshop. Several key findings of the workshop include: more than 500 years of Russian involvement in the Arctic Ocean; USSR operation of the world's largest polar fleet primarily for transportation and resource development; Russian nationalism as a possible driving force in Soviet activity in the Arctic; Soviet concerns for the Arctic representing an amalgamation of interests (economic, security, environmental, resource, others), none of which alone is predominant; probable Soviet participation in international Arctic regimes based on past actions; and, Soviet legislative enactments which indicate that the balance of interests embodied in the Law of the Sea Convention are largely acceptable to the Soviet Union and that extreme doctrinal views on the legal status of polar seas do not enjoy support in law or State practice.
    Beschreibung: Funding was provided by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
    Schlagwort(e): Congresses and conventions ; Russia, Northern ; Arctic regions
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 4393-4398 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Amplification studies of a two-cavity second harmonic gyroklystron with a coaxial input cavity and drift tube are reported. The inner conductor is supported by tungsten pins which intercept the beam, and it utilizes lossy dielectric rings to enhance mode suppression. A double-anode magnetron injection gun produces a 440 kV, 200–268 A, 1 μs beam with an average perpendicular-to-parallel velocity ratio near one. The TE011 input cavity is driven near 9.886 GHz and the TE021 output cavity resonates near 19.772 GHz. Peak powers near 30 MW have been achieved, although more easily reproducible peak powers hover closer to 20 MW. While stability is improved over previous devices, beam interception reduces the accessible range in parameter space and thus degrades amplifier performance. Pin erosion is also evident and qualitatively agrees well with theoretical predictions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 4721-4730 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The performance of a two-cavity second harmonic gyroklystron employing a short, mixed-mode output cavity with stepped radial transitions is described. The short cavity was employed to prevent low frequency spurious oscillations that can compete with the harmonic signal. The radial rf field profile in the cavity and the output radiation consisted of both the TE01 and TE02 circular waveguide modes. This device produced a peak output power of 20 MW at 19.782 GHz, with an efficiency of 23% and a gain of 26 dB. The nominal mode mixture of the radiated power during optimal operation was found to be about 60% TE02 and 40% TE01. Variations from this ratio are observed at lower powers and are attributed to shifts in the cavity rf field profiles. Systematic studies of amplifier performance as a function of beam parameters and magnetic field profile are described. The sensitivities of output power production to changes in operating parameters are compared to results from earlier harmonic and fundamental gyroklystrons. The present device is found to be more stable to parasitic oscillations and less sensitive to variations in beam current and output cavity magnetic field than previous harmonic gyroklystrons that employed longer, smoothly transitioned cavities. However, both the peak power and efficiency in the present device are lower than the 30 MW at 28% efficiency obtained with the final smooth-cavity tube. The tradeoffs between the two output cavity concepts will be discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 550-559 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We report the first experimental operation of overmoded first and second harmonic gyrotwystron amplifier configurations. Both devices utilize a single cavity which is driven near 9.87 GHz in the TE011 mode, heavily attenuated drift tubes, and long tapered output waveguide sections. A magnetron injection gun produces a 460 kV, 245 A beam with a maximum average perpendicular-to-parallel velocity ratio approximately equal to one. The axial magnetic field profile is sharply tapered in the output section. Peak powers above 21 MW are achieved in 1 μs pulses with an efficiency exceeding 22% and a large signal gain near 24 dB in the first harmonic tube. The second harmonic tube achieves nearly 12 MW of the peak power with an efficiency of 11% and a gain above 21 dB. First harmonic amplifier performance is limited principally by competition from a fundamental mode output waveguide interaction; the second harmonic tube is limited by both travelling wave output modes and by a down-taper oscillation. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 4089-4094 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Experimental and theoretical studies of a fundamental mode large-orbit gyrotron designed to produce high-power rf radiation in the TE11 mode at about 1 GHz are reported. Theoretical calculations performed as part of the experimental design process are presented. Results of initial experiments are reported in which 500–1000 MW of rf radiation was observed at frequencies 700 and 1200 MHz, consistent with theoretical expectations. The estimated eletronic efficiency of the device is about 10%. Gas cell breakdown patterns produced by the rf pulse are consistent with operation in the desired TE11 mode.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 1268-1275 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The generation of microwave radiation at high harmonics of the cyclotron frequency by a low-energy annular rotating electron beam (27 kV, 1 A, 3 μs) via interaction with the modes of a magnetron-type conducting boundary has been studied experimentally. Details of producing the axis-encircling E layer by magnetic cusp injection are presented. Narrow-band microwave radiation has been obtained from the device at power levels of 9.1 kW at 6.78 GHz (eighth cyclotron harmonic) and 2.2 kW at 8.85 GHz (tenth cyclotron harmonic). Measurements of the radiated power spectra and confining magnetic field have allowed identification of operating waveguide modes and instability mechanisms. An experimental comparison with respect to threshold beam power is presented between waveguide structures operating in the π mode and the 2π mode.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 519-528 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Detailed here are the characteristics of the designs of a 500-kV, 45-A electron gun and two 10-GHz gyroklystron circuits. The electron gun produces a rotating beam by passing an annular, linearly streaming beam through a nonadiabatic magnetic transition followed by an adiabatic-compression region. It is demonstrated that the same gun can produce either a small-orbit beam suitable for interaction with a TEo01 cavity mode or a large-orbit beam suitable for interaction with a TEo31 cavity mode. A detailed comparison of the relevant circuit characteristics, including peak gain and efficiency, performance degradation with increasing velocity spread, and AM and PM sensitivities to voltage and current fluctuations, is made.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The performance of four overmoded (TE011 circular), two-cavity gyroklystron amplifier tubes operating in X band is reported. A summary of the theoretical design procedure is presented, followed by a description of the experimental setup. The stability and amplification properties of the four gyroklystron tubes are subsequently described, each being modified in sequence to improve performance. The fourth tube produced 2.0–2.7 MW pulses at 9.87 GHz for 0.5–1.0 μs, and exhibited gains of 17–19 dB and efficiencies of 5%. The results were obtained using electron beams with voltages, currents, and computed beam alphas (v⊥/vz) of 407–425 kV, 115–135 A, and 0.8–1.0, respectively. The presence of instabilities in the gun downtaper and drift tube prevented operation at the design point (500 kV, 160 A, and alpha 1.5). The effects of varying input frequency, input power, and beam parameters (voltage, current, magnetic compression) on the amplifier operation are reported. Detailed descriptions of the instabilities observed in the gyroklystrons are presented, and the use of lossy dielectrics to suppress the instabilities is discussed. The amplifier experimental performance is compared with simulations. Improvement schemes are summarized and follow-up experiments are outlined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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