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  • Articles  (378)
  • 42.60  (356)
  • Chemistry
  • Springer  (378)
  • Physics  (378)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel achromatic distributed feedback dye laser for subpicosecond operation (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 43 (1987), S. 173-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55M
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The optical pump arrangement of distributed feedback dye lasers (DFDLs) having a grating beam splitter is analyzed in detail. The upper limit of the pump spectral bandwidth and beam divergence are given as a function of the length of the excited volume. A novel achromatic pump arrangement is reported which is capable of producing a short, high visibility interference pattern even if a divergent pump source of several nm bandwidth is used. The DFDL pulse duration has an estimated lower limit of 200 fs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695619
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coherent spectroscopy with a distributed feedback dye laser (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 44 (1987), S. 221-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.65 ; 78.30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simple and flexible distributed feedback dye laser source pumped by the harmonic of a mode-locked YAG laser is described. Measurements of dephasing times of isotopic and hot bands in CS2 liquid exploiting both the frequency and time-resolution of this source are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692125
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CO2 laser ablative etching of polyethylene terephthalate (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 48 (1989), S. 489-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Films of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) can be successfully etched with 9 μm radiation from a pulsed TEA CO2 laser. The relationship between etch depth and fluence is broadly similar to that observed for excimer laser etching but with a less well-defined threshold. Time-resolved photoacoustic measurements of stress waves generated in the interaction show that at a fluence of 1.8 J cm−2 ablation occurs 100–200 ns after the start of the laser pulse, a time which is consistent with the rate of thermal decomposition of PET. The volatile products of ablation are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, ethyne, ethene, benzene, ethanal, and small quantities of other products. For fluences close to and appreciably above the threshold the ablated material consists predominantly of involatile species of relatively high molecular weight, whereas at higher fluences substantial fragmentation of the polymer to small molecules occurs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694685
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multimode coupling and nonlinear-gain effects in distributed and helical feedback gas lasers (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 49 (1989), S. 1-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55E ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present a detailed experimental and theoretical study on the waveguide modes of distributed feedback (DFB) and helical feedback (HFB) gas lasers including for the first time the experimental verification of multimode-coupling and nonlinear-gain phenomena. For this purpose we used oversized hollow metal waveguides with periodic or helical corrugations. The latter exhibit the symmetry of either the single helix or the double helix. For the interpretation of our observations we developed a coupled-wave theory extended to multi-mode coupling and adapted the nonlinear-gain approach for strong coupling by Haus. The experiments with DFB and HFB gas lasers give new relevant information on these phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332121
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation of laser-induced fluorescence for measuring velocity distributions of neutral atoms using a CW dye laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 83-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 32.80 ; 42.60 ; 6.30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The velocity distribution of evaporated Zr atoms has been measured by means of laser-induced fluorescence using a cw dye laser by scanning the laser line across the Doppler-broadened absorption line profile of the atoms. It is shown that the experimental data can be explained on the basis of an excitation theory for a three-level system developed from basic principles. It was calculated that the probability for an atom to be in the excited state mainly depends on the radiation-power density of the laser and on the residence time of the atom in the exciting laser light. It was found that the laser frequency must be well stabilized in order to meet the assumptions in the excitation calculation. Otherwise deviations to the theoretical predictions appear in the experimental results due to the jitter of the dye laser.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697427
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Independently controllable multiline emission from a TEA CO2 laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 123-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.50 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Spatial separation of wavelengths in a CO2-laser resonator helps to avoid competitions. We have achieved this by means of a nearly concentric resonator with a grating or prism in its center. Thus, we demonstrated independent multiline emission with a variety of output spectra. The temporal sequence of the lines was conveniently controlled by varying their losses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697699
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amplified spontaneous emission in short-pulse excimer amplifiers (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 71-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have found a simple analytical expression which describes the relation between amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and small-signal gain in short-pulse amplifiers. It is also shown that the contrast of the short pulse to the ASE is weakly dependent on the saturation of the ASE, and influenced mainly by the saturation of the short pulse. The theoretical considerations were verified by measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332330
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Injection locking of ArF excimer lasers (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 159-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55H ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Injection-locking characteristics of an ArF excimer oscillator-amplifier laser are described including the use of stable-unstable optical cavities. Output intensities of 1 MW cm−2 have been produced with 3 mJ output energy, a spectral linewidth better than 5×10−3 nm and an injection locking efficiency of 0.9.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692079
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental study of laser-induced thermal ignition in O2/O3 mixtures (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 189-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract O2/O3 mixtures are ignited by absorption of laser pulses of a TEA CO2 laser along the axis of a cylindrical cell. The dependence of the radial propagation of the O3 decomposition, detected by uv absorption of the ozone, on laser fluence and on O3 concentration is investigated. Oscillations of the signals are identified to be the first radial acoustic mode of the cell. For mixtures of 0.35 bar and 0.70 bar total pressure and O3 percentages within 20–50%, the ignition limit is in the order of 0.1–0.2 J/cm3 (absorbed energy density). These values are in reasonable agreement with the results of the corresponding numerical simulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692940
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wideband tuning of the blue-green XeF (C→A) laser (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 205-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Efficient wavelength tuning from 446 to 524 nm with a minimum spectral linewidth of 1 nm was demonstrated for an electron beam pumped XeF(C→A) laser. Energy densities of 0.1 J/l were obtained for an optimized Ar/Kr/Xe/F2/NF3 mixture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692942
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subnanosecond pulse measurements of 10.6 μm radiation with tellurium (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 46 (1988), S. 103-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Subnanosecond infrared pulses have been measured by noncollinear secondharmonic generation in tellurium. The method is very practical because due to the high refractive index the fine tuning of the phase matching is easily obtained by rotating the crystal around the optic axis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00698659
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intense tunable picosecond pulses generated by parametric amplification in β-BaB2O4 (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 50 (1990), S. 541-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 06.607 ; 42.60 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Amplified spontaneous emission of a dye cell is parametrically amplified in barium betaborate (BBO) crystals. Pumping the system by the third harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser a tuning range from 3500 to 25080 cm−1 is accessible with energy conversion efficiencies of several percent. Properties of ultrashort light pulses in the visible and UV spectral range are presented. A spectral width of 10 cm−1 and a pulse duration of approximately 20 ps are measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408781
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of a self-injected unstable cavity Nd: YAG Laser (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 39 (1986), S. 131-134 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A detailed analysis of a self-injected Nd: YAG laser with an unstable cavity is presented. With respect to the normal Q-switched laser-mode operation the pulse peak power is increased by a factor of eight with a pulse length of about 1 ns. Moreover single transverse mode operation is achieved, with divergence near the diffraction limit. An evaluation of the most significant parameters useful for the design of an unstable resonator for self-injection applications is also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694808
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quasi double-grating grazing incidence pulsed dye laser (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 75-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Continuous scanning of a 1 GHz pulsed laser line using only one 5-cm grating as an intracavity selective element is obtained from a pulsed dye laser pumped by a Nd: YAG (8 ns-532 nm) laser. Such a single-grating dye laser operates in the same way as a real double-grating grazing incidence laser and provides an appreciable improvement of the resolution (enhancement factor ≈2), compared with previous grazing incidence ones. The superiority of this laser cavity has been proved for single-longitudinal-mode operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332331
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detailed analysis of active mode-locking (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 40 (1986), S. 141-146 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We extend earlier work on the theory of active mode-locking in a laser with a very long gain recovery time and obtain approximate closed-form solutions. We show how the results can be reduced to the well-known Kuizenga and Siegman formulae in the limit of small modulation depth and large laser bandwidth. We also discuss the physical relevance of the cavity “supermodes” in determining the stability properties of the mode-locked laser. We show that when the modulation depth is too small or the bandwidth too large, different supermodes have similar energies and we argue that under these circumstances, the laser will not be able to sustain mode-locked operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697243
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple single-frequency He-Ne laser (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 40 (1986), S. 153-155 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract For a (0.5–0.6)m long He−Ne laser tube, single longitudinal mode 632.8 nm generation is obtained, using a higher gas-mixture pressure and application of an axial magnetic field. An efficient and very simple mode selection is obtained by gas-mixture pressure increase only. A multimode power to single-mode power conversion coefficientk=0.75 is obtained by increasing the tube pressure. A further increase tok=0.85 is possible with optimum magnetic field and gas pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697245
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 3% efficiency N2 laser (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 41 (1986), S. 241-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A 3% efficiency, crossed-field type, N2 laser (337.1 nm) has been developed, based on very low inductance circuits (coaxial configuration) and a careful selection of their resonance frequencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697405
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Picosecond pulses and applications (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 172-179 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 07.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697843
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of synchronously pumped dye lasers (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 135-142 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An analysis of cw synchronously pumped dye lasers is presented. Under the assumption that the cavity (tuning element) bandwidth is much wider than the bandwidth of the transform limited pulses generated, the pulse forming dynamics is rigorously treated. It is shown that for a finite mismatch between the lengths of the dye and the pump lasers, a steady-state pulse develops in the dye laser cavity with a conserved pulseshape. The characteristics (energy, shape, peak power, duration) of these pulses of ultimate width are quantitatively determined as a function of cavity mismatch. An analytical solution for the pulse envelope is determined, which yieldsI(t)∝Sech2(t/t p ) to a good approximation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695468
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser atomic photoionization spectral analysis of element traces (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 161-176 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 32 ; 42.50 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new method for determining trace amounts of elements in a substance has been developed. It is based on thermal evaporation and atomization of a substance in vacuum and detection of the released trace atoms by the laser stepwise photoionization technique. A rather effective way of detecting atoms is their multistep excitation to Rydberg states by the radiation of tunable dye lasers with their subsequent ionization by electric field pulses. The analytical laser spectrometer consisting of several tunable, pulsed dye lasers, a vacuum chamber with an atomizer and a recording system is described. The microimpurities of elements have been detected in pure materials: the contents of Na impurities in CdS crystals (2×10−6%) and Al impurities in germanium (2×10−7%). The detection limit of about 10−9% was determined. A technique for direct determination of the content of elements in natural water and human blood is described. A high sensitivity, universality and other merits of the method enable it to be used in determining traces of many important elements at a level of 10−8 to 10−11% almost in any matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688402
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amplification and measurement of single 1.6–3.5 ps Pulses generated by a distributed feedback dye laser (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have shown that distributed feedback dye lasers are capable of generating single transform-limited pulses of 1.6–3.5 ps duration when pumped by a mode-locked Nd: YAG laser. A short-pulse amplifier has been constructed in which the level of amplified spontaneous emission could be kept below 10−3 by properly taking into account the polarization anisotropy of the gain and by precise timing of the pump pulses. A sensitive autocorrelator is described which allows to measure pulse duration in a single shot.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693898
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  • 22
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    A discussion of the problem of determining multiple lifetimes from picosecond absorption recovery data as encountered in two carbocyanine dyes (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 235-247 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.65 ; 61.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Absorption recovery kinetics data on the picosecond time-scale of a high signalto-noise ratio can be obtained by using continuously operating synchronously modelocked dye lasers. We show that such data make it possible to determine multiple exponential decays with small differences in rate constants. We also show that an absolute prerequisite to accomplish this is that the measurements are performed at a number of different wavelengths, and that the decays are monitored in a time interval corresponding to several lifetimes. These considerations are demonstrated by measurements on two carbocyanine dyes, DQOCI and pinacyanol, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690794
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cw uv copper hollow cathode laser in the 260 nm region (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 127-135 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A cw uv copper hollow cathode laser is described, which could be operated for a longer time duration with an output power of 7 mW in the 260 nm region. A double-cathode configuration with a protection for the mirrors from metal-vapour deposition is presented. Characteristics of the laser output power, the spontaneous emission, and the ion densities in the negative glow were measured as depending on the discharge current, the neon gas pressure, and the size of the cathode slit. The observed saturation of the laser output power at high discharge current (1 A/cm2) and the optimum slot size are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688818
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CW and pulsed FIR-CO2 hybrid laser with improved efficiency and amplitude stability at short FIR wavelengths (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 23-27 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract For the first time stable cw output of a FIR-CO2 hybrid laser has been achieved at wavelengths shorter than 300 μm. Due to the saturable absorber characteristic of the FIR laser gas, cw or pulsed emission is observed on both, the CO2 and the FIR laser output, depending on the operating conditions. Results are reported on different resonant lines in CH3OH and the 67 μm Raman line in NH3. The good efficiency of this laser is also demonstrated by the excitation of two new emission lines in CH3OH, namely 49 and 56 μm, pumped by 9R(22) and 9R(24), respectively.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690022
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  • 25
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    Laser photoion projector (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 57-61 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.60 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A laser photodesorption microscope has been applied to obtain 4×103-fold images of rhodamine crystals on a tip with a diameter of 66μm. Peculiarities of the formation of these images have been studied with different values of electric field strength on the tip and laser pulse intensities.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690026
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  • 26
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    Dye-laser frequency stabilization using optical resonators (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 179-185 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 06 ; 07.60 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We describe a study, performed using heterodyne techniques, of the frequency fluctuations of two completely independent ring dye lasers locked to independent reference cavities. Single laser linewidths of less than 750 Hz were achieved, the principal limitation being residual vibrations from the noisy laboratory environment. With future design and environmental improvements, ultranarrow linewidths are expected thus providing a useful tool for a great variety of high precision experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688526
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  • 27
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    Detection of free NH2(X 2 B 1) radicals by CARS spectroscopy (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 213-218 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 35 ; 82.40 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract CARS spectra of NH3 and the free NH2-radical in the NH stretch region at 3334 and 3220 cm−1 have been obtained, respectively. The NH2 radicals were generated by laser photolysis of 0.5 mbar NH3 at 193 nm with an ArF-exciplex laser and detected by time resolved CARS spectroscopy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697330
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  • 28
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    Frequency measurement chain to 30 THz using FIR schottky diodes and a submillimeter backward wave oscillator (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 63-67 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 06 ; 07.60 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An infrared frequency measurement chain is reported, the simplicity of which allows phase-coherent frequency measurements up to 30 THz. Frequency measurement is demonstrated on the 10P(28) line of the Lamb-dip stabilized13CO2-laser.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697949
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  • 29
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    Transient orientational grating technique for investigations of fast molecular relaxation processes (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 129-137 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33.50 ; 42.10 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A theoretical description of a three-pulse transient grating technique is given where the pump pulses form orientational gratings. Including energy relaxation and angular reorientation the temporal behavior of the diffraction efficiency and energy transmission is discussed with respect to the dependence on the corresponding rate constants and the results are compared with experimental data for Rh6G and RhB. The polarization plane of the pulse diffracted by the grating is found to be rotated in dependence on its initial polarization.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697505
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  • 30
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    Small-signal gain of Free Electron Laser in a resonator Gaussian mode (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 163-166 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.50 ; 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present an analytical expression for the small-signal gain of a Free Electron Laser (FEL) in the presence of a Gaussian mode. To describe the electron beam evolution we use the one-dimensional (1-d) Vlasov equation. Our perturbation result, valid for small values of the parameterq (length of the undulatorL divided by the Rayleigh rangeZ R), can be extrapolated to values ofq≈4÷5.
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    Comparison of frequency stabilities of the Rb standard and of the He−Ne/CH4 laser stabilized to theE line in methane (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 36 (1985), S. 59-61 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.80
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    Notes: Abstract The paper reports on the production of an optical time standard on the basis of the He−Ne laser stabilized to theE line in methane and on a comparison of its frequency stability with that of the rubidium standard. It is shown that the stability of the optical standard is better than that of the rubidium one. Frequency measurements of theE line gavev E=88373149031.2±1.2 kHz. We have also made new measurements on the frequency of the He−Ne laser stabilized to theF 2 (2) methane line: $$v_F = 88376181602.9 \pm 1.2kHz.$$
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  • 32
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    On the opto-voltaic measurements in CO and CO2 lasers (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 36 (1985), S. 149-153 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
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    Notes: Abstract We observed and compared the opto-voltaic signals in CO and CO2 lasers. The signals are obtained capacitively from the water cooling jacket as a low voltage source not influencing the current circuit. We observed from measurement that the output power and the so-called optovoltaic input power have a distinct relationship depending on laser current and cavity parameters. It will be shown that opto-voltaic detection is a very sensitive method especially for CO lasers.
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  • 33
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    Synchronously pumped double mode-locking of a rhodamine 6G-Cresyl violet mixture (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 7-9 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract Rhodamine 6G-Cresyl violet dye mixtures are synchronously pumped to obtain double mode-locking. Subpicosecond pulses are obtained at two wavelengths in an experimental setup that is easy to implement into existing conventional synchronously pumped systems. In addition, the excitation mechanisms of the secondary dye are discussed and evidence for resonant energy transfer is presented.
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    Inhomogeneous broadening effects in Optical Klystrons operating with accelerating devices without radiative damping (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 229-232 
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    Notes: Abstract In this letter paper we analyse the effect of electron-beam qualities (namely, energy spread and emittances) on both spontaneous emission and gain of an Optical Klystron (OK). We use the relationship between average current and normalized emittances, typical of the accelerating machines without radiative damping, to evaluate the optimum operating parameters.
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  • 35
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    Selective T/H separation by NH3 laser multiple-photon dissociation of CTCL3 (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 38 (1985), S. 99-105 
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    Keywords: 28.60 ; 33.80 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract The multiple-photon dissociation (MPD) of CTCL3 and the selectivity of T/H separation were investigated using a pulsed NH3 laser, whose radiation contained a few lines depending on operating conditions. When Xe was added to chloroform, the dissociation rate of CTCL3 increased at chloroform pressures below 2 Torr as a consequence of the removal of multiple-photon absorption bottleneck by collisions with Xe. The dissociation rate of CTCl3 decreased monotonically with increasing chloroform pressure from 0.2 to 7 Torr. The depletion of CHCl3 was not observed within experimental errors. The lower limit of the tritium enrichment factor in photo-products produced by one pulse irradiation was 570 at chloroform pressure of 2 Torr.
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  • 36
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    Photoquenching parameters for commonly used laser dyes (1985)
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    Applied physics 38 (1985), S. 191-197 
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    Keywords: 35 ; 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract Laser dyes which are commonly used in pulsed laser pumped dye laser (PLPDL) systems have been investigated. It is shown that photoquenching plays an important role in the pumping process of all laser dyes, determining the efficiency of the PLPDL. Molecular parameters, such as absorption cross sections at various pumping wavelengths and fluorescence lifetimes of theS n (n〉1) excited electronic states of laser dyes, have been determined utilizing the photoquenching technique.
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  • 37
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    Molecular enhanced four-wave parametric generation in sodium atom (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 39 (1986), S. 65-72 
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    Notes: Abstract A number of resonances have been observed in the excitation spectrum of the uv resonance lines of sodium. The mechanism proposed includes absorption by molecular states, energy transfer to excited atomic levels and four-wave parametric generation enhanced by radiative decay of the excited states.
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  • 38
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    Optical bistability polarization dependences with an interference modulator (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 39 (1986), S. 111-115 
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    Keywords: 42.10 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
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    Notes: Abstract Polarization-dependent hysteresis of a bistable device on the base of an electrooptical modulator at oblique incidence of light is observed. The device switching is performed by variation of the incident light polarization. The multistable character of the transmitted light polarization is discussed.
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  • 39
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    Comparison of FM dye lasers in standing-wave and ring configuration (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 40 (1986), S. 147-151 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 06
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    Notes: Abstract We have compared the operation of a frequency-modulated dye laser (FML) in a standing-wave and ring configuration. As expected, for a given frequency detuning (difference between the drive frequency for the phase modulator and the cavity mode spacing) the enhanced modulation index is twice as large for the standing-wave configuration as for the ring configuration. In addition, we have demonstrated that application of small amounts of phase modulation in the ring configuration leads to improved mode stability. The fine structure of the rf beats for both FM lasers, have been studied and the results suggest that spatial hole burning complicates the detailed structure.
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  • 40
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    Passive mode locking of the continuous wave DCM dye laser (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 41 (1986), S. 53-55 
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    Notes: Abstract The first passive mode locking of the continuous wave (cw) DCM dye laser is reported. Subpicosecond pulses as short as 0.68 ps were obtained over the spectral region from 655 to 673 nm from a simple linear cavity with no dispersion optimisation. The dye 1,3′ Diethyl 4,2′ quinolythiacarbocyanine iodide (DQTCI) was used as the saturable absorber.
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  • 41
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    Theoretical and experimental analysis of infrared dye-laser action in a traveling-wave pumping geometry (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 41 (1986), S. 139-145 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55.M ; 42.55.H
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A rate-equation model for the laser action of infrared dyes is introduced. An extended four-level scheme is used to describe the photophysical processes in the dye molecules. The dye is excited by a single picosecond pulse in the traveling-wave geometry. The spectral and temporal properties of the picosecond dye-laser emission and the gain curve of the system are calculated. The numerical results are compared to experimental data. The theoretical model is in good quantitative agreement with the experiment.
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  • 42
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    Optimization criteria for optical klystrons (1986)
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    Applied physics 41 (1986), S. 231-234 
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    Notes: Abstract We discuss simple criteria which allow the determination of both an optimum drift strength and total length, for the optical klystron operation. The analysis of the gain reduction factors also includes the finite microbunch length. We extend the discussion to harmonic generation, where we also find an optimum for the input power.
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  • 43
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    Direct writing of metal conductors with near-uv light (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 42 (1987), S. 55-66 
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    Keywords: 81.10 ; 85.40 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract Deposition of micrometer-scale tungsten, molybdenum and platinum lines with the aid of the uv light from an argon-ion laser was investigated. Tungsten and molybdenum were deposited from their corresponding carbonyls and platinum from an acetylacetonate compound. High-quality metal conductors could be achieved for tungsten and platinum using a combined photolytic and pyrolytic, or “hybrid”, deposition scheme. The resistivity for these two deposited metals was approximately twice the bulk value. For molybdenum the deposition process was fast and dominated by the pyrolysis; the corresponding line resistivity was slightly higher than for the two other metals.
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  • 44
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    Intense spontaneous amplified emission of Li2 diffuse violet bands in the 4400 Å region (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 43 (1987), S. 225-230 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.65 ; 33.80K
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    Notes: Abstract We report observation of intense spontaneous amplified radiation of Li2 diffuse violet band in the 4100–4900 Å region. The radiation is strongly enhanced when the lithium vapor in a heat pipe is optically pumped with a pulsed dye laser with the output wavelength tuned to near the Li 2s–4s two-photon resonance transition. The diffuse violet band can probably be assigned to a recently reported triplet bound-free (23 Π g →a 3 Σ u + ) transition. It is found that the productions of the molecular diffuse band are contributed from Li atoms as well as Li2 molecules. The excitation functions and their dependence on laser power density are presented and the mechanisms for producing the diffuse bands are discussed.
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  • 45
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    CW injection phase locking in homogeneously broadened media II. Phase locking and tunability of CO2 waveguide lasers (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 43 (1987), S. 273-279 
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    Notes: Abstract Injection phase locking of a powerful CO2 waveguide laser with a stable singlefrequency master oscillator is described. The locking range is experimentally investigated versus both injected signal frequency and slave cavity length. A locking tunability up to ±180 MHz from CO2 10P(20) line center has been achieved. Experimental results are in excellent agreement with the theoretical development exposed in the preceeding paper.
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    Polarization bistability with a mirrorless hybrid device (1987)
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    Applied physics 44 (1987), S. 181-184 
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    Keywords: 42.10 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
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    Notes: Abstract A bistable device driven by the incident light polarization is created on the basis of a phase electro-optical modulator from LiNbO3. The light transmitted through the device does not vary its intensity. The switching takes place between states with different polarization. The device action at different parameters is experimentally investigated.
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  • 47
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    Femtosecond uv excimer laser ablation (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 44 (1987), S. 199-204 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 82.65
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    Notes: Abstract Experiments on the ablation of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with 300 fs uv excimer laser pulses at 248 nm are reported for the first time. With these ultrashort pulses, ablation can be done at fluences up to five times lower than the threshold fluence for 16 ns ablation of PMMA, and the surface morphology is improved, also for several other materials. A model for ablation is proposed, assuming a non-constant absorption coefficient αeff depending on the degree of incubation of the irradiated material and the intensity of the incoming excimer laser pulse. The agreement between our model and our experimental observations is excellent for 16 ns excimer laser pulses, also predicting perfectly the shape of a pulse transmitted through a thin PMMA sample under high fluence irradiation. Qualitative agreement for 300 fs excimer laser pulses is obtained so far.
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    Raman and parametric emission from excited states induced by collisions (1987)
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    Applied physics 44 (1987), S. 235-240 
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    Notes: Abstract A collisional energy transfer in the wings of Na 3p and between Na2 A 1Σ u + and na 3p states has been used to excite a number of stimulated emissions in the near-ir region of 800–850 nm. The detailed study reveals Raman and parametric emission involving 3p, 3d, 4p, and 4d levels of Na. Two tunable dye lasers in the visible provide the pump waves.
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    Correction of imaging errors in spatially resolved laser scattering experiments in flames (1988)
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    Applied physics 45 (1988), S. 33-36 
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    Keywords: 82.40 ; 42.30 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract Imaging errors in spatially resolved measurements using laser scattering techniques in flames are discussed. An experimental method based on Fourier deconvolution to correct the measurements for the imaging errors is presented. The method is especially important when large gradients are recorded with lowf-number lenses in order to obtain a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. The technique is demonstrated experimentally on OH profiles measured by laser-induced fluorescence in an atmospheric acetylen-oxygen flame.
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    Spatially-hole-burned distributed feedback dye laser produced tunable single picosecond pulses (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 47 (1988), S. 91-96 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55M
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    Notes: Abstract A new type of distributed feedback dye laser is described in which the Bragg grating is formed by spatial hole-burning. With a simple excimer laser pumped arrangement, single high stability 6 ps pulses were generated. The pulses were nearly transformlimited and were 33 times shorter than the rise time of the pulse which created the Bragg grating.
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    Automatic impedance matching and opto-Hertzian effect in RF excited CO2 waveguide lasers (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 47 (1988), S. 149-157 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
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    Notes: Abstract We report the successful operation of a novel automatic impedance matching technique (AIMing) and observations of the opto-Hertzian effect. The AIMing system is capable of maintaining efficient RF power delivery to a CO2 waveguide laser over a wide range of operating conditions. The opto-Hertzian signal, produced by circulating laser power fluctuations and detected in the RF reflected power, has some interesting properties and may be used for laser frequency stabilisation.
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    Gain dynamics of XeF and subpicosecond pulse generation at 351 nm (1988)
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    Applied physics 47 (1988), S. 325-332 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55 M
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    Notes: Abstract Subpicosecond pulse amplification at the 351 nm line of XeF is reported. The study of the gain dynamics of XeF with subpicosecond (subnanosecond) pulses resulted in 0.2 mJ/cm2 (0.8 mJ/cm2) for the saturation energy density and 0.18 cm−1 (0.21 cm−1) for the small-signal-gain coefficient. In XeF a gain recovery of 78±4% with a 79±18 ps time constant is found.
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    KrF laser system with corrected pulse front and compressed pulse duration (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 49 (1989), S. 239-244 
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    Notes: Abstract A high-power KrF laser system is presented providing 45 mJ, 150 fs pulses at the position of a target. Pulse front distortion is avoided by specially designed refractive optics. Pulse compression is done after final amplification using a simplified compressor.
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    Experimental investigation of the MIR optically pumped ammonia bidirectional ring laser (1989)
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    Applied physics 49 (1989), S. 377-381 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract We have studied the Doppler-broadened 11.76 μm 15NH3 emission line optically pumped in a ring resonator by a cw CO2 laser operating on the 10R(42) line. In the pure ammonia, even if the pumping occurs inside the Doppler width, the two-photon Raman process seems to be responsible for the laser emission. Both in the pure 15NH3 and in the 15NH3, N2, and He mixture we demonstrate the possibility of obtaining a unidirectional laser amplifier.
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    Transverse laser-mode structure determination from spatial coherence measurements: Experimental results (1989)
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    Applied physics 49 (1989), S. 409-414 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.10 ; 42.50
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    Notes: Abstract We demonstrate experimentally the feasibility of a certain coherence-theoretic algorithm for determining the relative modal weights of a laser beam that consists of multiple Hermite-Gaussian transverse modes. A computer-controlled Young's two-pinhole interferometer with a linear CCD array is used for the coherence measurements. The required scaling parameter (beam width) is obtained iteratively by library routines. Numerical simulations on the stability of the algorithm in the presence of experimental noise are also presented.
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    611.8 nm single-mode He-Ne laser (1990)
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    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 292-294 
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    Notes: Abstract The conditions for optimum 611.8 nm laser operation are obtained and a convenient method for indicating 3.39 µm suppression is proposed. Single longitudinal mode 611.8 nm generation is obtained using higher gas-mixture pressure and application of an axial magnetic field. Several milliwatt monomode output power and 0.75 multimode-to-monomode power conversion coefficients are obtained without an internal iodine cell. A comparison of the experimental results with a single-mode laser theory is given.
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    XeCl laser ablation of polyetheretherketone (1990)
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    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 314-316 
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    Keywords: 82.50 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract Ablation of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a high temperature thermoplastic, by XeCl laser radiation occurs at fluences in excess of 0.07±0.01 J cm−2. The volatile products of ablation are CO and C2H2 with smaller quantities of CH4, C4H2, C6H6 and other C3 and C4 hydrocarbons. At fluences close to the threshold ablation produces involatile material of relatively high molecular weight but at high fluences extensive disruption of the PEEK structure occurs with conversion of all of the oxygen in the polymer to carbon monoxide.
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    Coherent interactions in two-beam excite-probe absorption measurements: Phase gratings in flowing samples (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 350-357 
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    Keywords: 42.65J ; 42.60 ; 32.80
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract As a rule, phase gratings yield no power transfer in two-beam excite-probe experiments. We show that an exception to this rule is that of ultrashort-pulse excite-probe experiments involving slow phase effects, such as thermal gratings, occurring in a moving sample medium under high-repetition-rate excitation. A symmetric coherent artifact results, and depending on the direction of the sample motion, its amplitude can be positive, negative, or zero. This artifact occurs only in multiple-pulse experiments, involving accumulated gratings, while, on the other hand, the antisymmetric artifact (described by Palfrey and Heinz) results only from single-pulse effects. We discuss these two complementary effects and present both theory and experiments.
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    A rich spectrum from potassium vapor on the 42 S 1/2−32 D 5/2 two-photon resonance (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 386-394 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.65
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    Notes: Abstract A rich emission spectrum in the wavelength range 300–600 nm, including 50 spectral lines, has been observed as a pulsed dye laser is tuned to the 42 S 1/2–32 D 5/2 two-photon resonance in potassium vapor. It is found that many kinds of mechanisms, including energy pooling, harmonic generation, quadrupole radiation, excitation transfer, and multiwave mixing etc., are involved in producing these lines. The process for each spectral line has been identified and is presented in tabular form.
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    Ultraviolet and blue NaHg and NaCd excimer bands (1990)
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    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 427-430 
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    Keywords: 33.80.K ; 42.55.Hq ; 42.60 ; 52.80.Dy
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present the current-reversal spectra of the high pressure Na-Hg-Xe and Na-Cd-Xe lamps, from which the specific NaHg and NaCd structured continua have been observed. Detailed analysis revealed the existence of additional structure in the case of NaCd and NaHg blue diffuse bands. In the NaHg case the neighbourhood of the 330 nm sodium line revealed two satellite bands of NaHg origin, but almost no structure around the 330 nm sodium atomic line was found in the case of Na-Cd-Xe discharge lamp.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329106
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    Performance of internal-mirror frequency-stabilized He-Ne lasers emitting green, yellow or orange light (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 421-426 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.50 ; 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A comprehensive control system has been developed for the stabilization of internalmirror He-Ne lasers to their power envelopes. It is designed particularly for use with lasers emitting at 552, 505, or 490 THz (543, 594, 612 nm). The aim has been to combine convenience in routine operation with good day-to-day resettability and minimal frequency drift during a day. The lasers are observed to emit in up to four modes simultaneously and their tuning behaviour is highly alignment-sensitive. They also tend to flip between modes having orthogonal linear planes of polarization. Reliable control of polarization and mode frequency are possible using permanent magnets and active length control through thermal expansion. The stabilized single-frequency outputs have frequency drifts of about 2×10−8 per year, and powers of between 150 μW and 850 μW.
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    Output and picosecond amplification characteristics of an efficient and high-power discharge excimer laser (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 52 (1991), S. 1-7 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Improvements in output pulse energy and efficiency of a conventional capacitor-transfer-type discharge excimer laser with automatic preionization have been achieved by extending the discharge volume and resulting moderate pumping of the active medium. The discharge laser produces a pulse energy of more than 1 J for XeCl, KrF, and ArF lasers in square beams of about 2×2 cm2, and the maximum overall efficiency observed is 2.9% for XeCl, 3.2% for KrF and 1.8% for ArF. The laser device has been involved in a picosecond (∼ 32 ps) XeCl laser amplification system, and was operated as an amplifier at a repetitive frequency of 10 Hz. Saturation fluence for XeCl laser was measured to be 1.4 mJ/cm2, and the picosecond pulse energy of ∼40 mJ was extracted from the amplifier.
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    Performance studies of a novel design atmospheric pressure pulsed HF/DF laser (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 52 (1991), S. 46-54 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55K ; 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Intense multi and single line laser operation is reported from TEA semiconductively preionised HF/DF lasers employing various discrete components or flat plate excitation circuits. The performance, the spectral and the beam characteristics of these lasers are given and are compared to the characteristics of previously described HF/DF lasers. Their improved performance parameters are explained in terms of the preionizing action of the semiconductors, the low inductance of the circuits employed and the good matching of the voltage and current waveforms of the excitation circuitry to their excitation. Finally, their potential in specific applications, like infrared vitreous surgery (HF) or atmospheric laser beam propagation (DF), is stressed.
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    Direct observation of the anomalous zeeman effect at the X → B transition of molecular iodine by the method of nonlinear laser spectroscopy (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 52 (1991), S. 311-314 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.60 ; 07.65 ; 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Direct observation of the magnetic structure of transitions in molecular iodine is first reported. Using the method of saturated absorption spectroscopy in an external cell with I2 vapour located in a longitudinal magnetic field we resolved the magnetic structure of the components of the hyperfine structure of the transition $${}^1\sum _g^ + (v^ = 0,{\text{j}}^ = 13,15) \to {}^3\prod _{ou}^ + (v^\prime = 43,{\text{j}}^\prime = 12,16).$$ The gyromagnetic constants of the upper and lower levels of the transition have been found. An estimation of the frequency shift of saturation resonances in the magnetic field has been made.
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    Ultrafast beam-deflection method and its application for measuring the transient refractive index of materials (1993)
    Springer
    Applied physics 57 (1993), S. 193-197 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.65
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We represent an ultrafast beam-deflection method as a simple and powerful tool for the time-resolved measurement of induced changes of the refractive index in the order of Δn=10−5. The method is applied for measuring the changes of components of the refractive index parallel and perpendicular to the pump-pulse polarization on a femtosecond time scale. Fused silica and CS2 are used as samples for demonstrating our method.
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    The spectral narrowing of a high-power flashlamp-pumped dye laser by injection of external narrow-band radiation (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 58 (1994), S. 83-84 
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    Keywords: 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method of increasing the injection-locking efficiency by external narrow-band radiation relying on a space-frequency separation in a nonlinear absorber (spectral contraster) placed into the high-power dye-laser cavity is proposed. It is shown that this method permits an increase of the energy conversion efficiency into a narrow-band line (∼ 10−3 nm) up to 90% with a laser output energy of about 1 J and a pulse duration of more than 1 µs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081719
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    Frequency measurements on optically narrowed Rb-stabilised laser diodes at 780 nm and 795 nm (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 53 (1991), S. 142-147 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 32.30 ; 42.60 ; 35.20
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Laser diodes, optically narrowed using the technique of resonant optical feedback, have been frequency stabilised to hyperfine transitions of the two Rb D lines at 780 nm and 795 nm. The best frequency stability of the beat between two similar lasers was 1.5 kHz (4 parts in 1012 of the optical frequency) observed for an averaging time of 10 s. A frequency reproducibility of 44 kHz (one standard deviation) was observed on strong isolated hyperfine components, and possible causes of frequency shift were investigated. Values for the Rb hyperfine intervals were obtained, leading to an improved determination of the excited state hyperfine constants of 85Rb and 87Rb, and the isotope shift. The absolute frequencies of the hyperfine transitions of the two D lines were determined interferometrically by comparison with an 127I2-stabilised He-Ne laser at 633 nm. Measurements were made on component c′ at 795 nm and the d/f level crossing at 780 nm. The frequencies were found to be 377106271.6 MHz and 384227981.9 MHz respectively under the chosen conditions, with an uncertainty of ±0.4 MHz, limited by knowledge of the reference frequency. These results represent the most accurate and complete characterisation to date of laser diodes stabilised to Doppler-free Rb spectra.
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    Stochastic analysis of synchroscan operations of a streak camera (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 53 (1991), S. 148-152 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 02.50 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with a theoretical and experimental study of the picosecond synchronization of a streak camera used in conjunction with a cw actively mode-locked laser system. The temporal resolution of two synchronization set-ups, a passive device (sweep obtained directly from the mode-locker oscillator) and an active arrangement (deflection derived from the recurrent laser pulses through a photodiode and a tunnel diode) has been examined. On the basis of the stochastic analysis it has been possible to interpret the experimental results for both configurations: in particular, it has been demonstrated that even in the presence of phase noise in the laser signal, perfect synchronization can be achieved.
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    LIDAR multiple scattering from clouds (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 355-362 
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    Keywords: 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Multiple-scattering LIDAR return calculations obtained by seven different models for the same specified numerical experiment are compared. This work results from an international joint effort stimulated by the workshop group called MUSCLE for MUltiple SCattering Lidar Experiments. The models include approximations to the radiative-transfer theory, Monte-Carlo calculations, a stochastic model of the process of multiple scattering, and an extension of Mie theory for particles illuminated by direct and scattered light. The model solutions are similar in form but differ by up to a factor of 5 in the strength of the multiple-scattering contributions. Various reasons for the observed differences are explored and their practical significance is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01082271
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    Analytical multiple-scattering extension of the Mie theory: The LIDAR equation (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 331-334 
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    Keywords: 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Multiple scattering of light in aerosol media is described in a simple picture within the framework of Mie theory. Our approach leads to an analytical expression of then-fold scattered electromagnetic field and then to an analytical derivation of multiple-scattering LIDAR equation form transport theory. This approach differs from both the descriptions of multiple scattering based on the approximation of radiative-tranfer theory and from statistical approaches mainly based on Monte-Carlo calculations. The physical quantities of interest are expressed by straightforward generalization of the corresponding single-scattering quantities. Therefore, the multiple-scattering contributions are calculated without losing the advantage of working with analytical expression in the frame of Mie theory.
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    Influence of spatial mode matching in end-pumped solid state lasers (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 54 (1992), S. 83-88 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.60.F ; 42.60.K
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present investigations on the influence of mode matching on the efficiency of longitudinally pumped solid state lasers. In a theoretical part we enhance an existing model for four level lasers from idealized cylindrical modes to arbitary pump and laser modes in a random relative position thereby neglecting beam deformation due to thermal effects. The theoretical predictions were confirmed experimentally with an end-pumped Nd:YAG rod operated at 1064 nm. To investigate the effect of misalignment on the efficiency we used a Ti-Sapphire pump laser which was displaced relative to the laser beam. To establish the influence of arbitary pump modes on laser performance a diode laser equipped with coupling optics served as pump source for the same resonator. The resulting decrease in slope efficiency compared to the Ti-Sapphire pumped system could be explained in terms of limited mode overlap due to the characteristic pump field distribution produced by the diode coupling optics.
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    LCVD of tungsten microstructures on quartz (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 54 (1992), S. 189-192 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 81.15 ; 82.00
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The pyrolytic laser-induced chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) of tungsten microstructures in the form of spots has been investigated. Fused quartz substrates and a mixture of WF6 and H2 have been employed in the experiments. Different shapes of spots related to different partial pressures of WF6 and H2 have been revealed. The results can qualitatively be described by a combination of surface reactions and gas-phase reactions resulting in tungsten deposition and surface etching.
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    Spectral investigation of cw rf-pumped atomic Xe laser with a slab geometry (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 11-14 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 52.90
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A radiofrequency excited atomic Xe slab laser with an active volume of 2 × 10 × 300 mm3 using a quartz envelope containing the laser-gas mixture shows a stable cw performance with an output power of almost 1 W. The free-running system oscillates, depending on gas composition and density, on several lines between 1.73 and 3.51 μm. Line competition phenomena are observed. Single-line oscillation yields more than 500 mW.
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    Effect of the unexcited vapour region inside a heatpipe on the observation of UV diffuse bands in 337.1 nm excitation of Na2 (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 319-322 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.90
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report on some interesting aspects of the strong influence of the unexcited vapour zone inside a heatpipe on the observation of 366.6 and 380.0 nm UV diffuse bands of sodium. For a smaller unexcited sodium vapor zone, only the 366.6 nm band is observed, while for larger unexcited volumes, both 366.6 and 380.0 nm bands can be identified. Partial reabsorption of the 366.6 nm band leading to Stokes emission as 380.0 nm band appears most likely. Reduced power dependences observed for the 366.6 nm band, an indication of the Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) nature of the emission, support this analysis. A simple kinetic for the system is discussed. The results are quite general and suggest some caution in the interpretation of the data from a number of Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) experiments currently being reported.
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    On the pulse width of synchronously pumped lasers (1996)
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    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 375-379 
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    Keywords: 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The pulse width of a synchronously pumped laser chiefly depends on the available cavity bandwidth and the pump-pulse duration. A functional form of this dependence was suggested in the literature. We present an alternate relation which is supported by analytical and numerical results, as well as by experimental results, obtained by us and by others.
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    Dynamic study of gated saturable absorbers (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 381-387 
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    Keywords: 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The capability of gated saturable absorbers for single-pulse selection is studied theoretically using the classical space-time-dependent rate-equation model. The dynamics of operation is followed experimentally by the well-known pump—probe technique. Comparing the theoretical and experimental results, it is found that gated saturable absorbers can efficiently be used for pulse forming and pulse selection of pulses longer than picosecond.
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    Second-order Zeeman effect of theX−B transition in molecular iodine (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 427-430 
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    Keywords: 07.60 ; 07.65 ; 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Saturated absorption spectroscopy was applied to study the line shape of the molecular iodineX(ν″ = 0,J″ = 13,15) →B(ν′ = 43,J′ = 12, 16) transition (λ = 514.5 nm) in a transversal magnetic field as high as 0.51 T. The Zeeman structure of several hyperfine structure (hfs) components was completely resolved and a detailed study of the second-order Zeeman shift and splitting was made. The anisotropic Magnetic Susceptibility (MS) of the molecular iodine both in theB(43) (X′ = 7.3 ± 1 × 10−34 J/Oe2) and theX(0) [χ″ = (0.6 ± 1) × 10−34 J/Oe2] states as well as the isotropic MS difference [χ′0 −χ″o = (2 ± 0.2) × 10−34 J/Oe2] was measured.
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    Gain depletion due to amplified spontaneous emission in multi-pass laser amplifiers (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 54 (1992), S. 506-512 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55.Gp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Calculations of the effects of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in laser amplifiers designed to amplify sub-picosecond pulses are presented. A one-dimensional code is used with some simple approximations to account for aspect ratio variation in cases of cylindrical symmetry. Gain depletion due to ASE is compared for various multi-pass geometries. Optimisation for short pulse amplification of a telescopic, beam-expanding, 4-pass amplifier is considered.
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    Achievement of laser fusion of biological cells using UV pulsed dye laser beams (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 54 (1992), S. 531-533 
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    Keywords: 07.60 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports a successful achievement of laser-induced biological cell fusion using an excimer laser excited dye laser. To our knowledge, we examined for the first time the dependence of fusion rate on laser pulse energy, number of laser pulses, and laser wavelength. Maximum fusion rate of approximately 50% was obtained by this laser fusion technology.
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    Multiple breakdown in helium generated by hybrid 10 μm Co2 laser pulses (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 54 (1992), S. 526-530 
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    Keywords: 52.00 ; 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we describe the experimental investigation of the post-breakdown development of a helium plasma generated by a hybrid 10 μm CO2 laser pulse. As a result we found that a long tail and a high energy of the CO2 laser pulse cause multiple successive breakdown in the gas. We have measured the time to the first breakdown and the time between first and second breakdown as functions of gas pressure and laser pulse peak intensity as well as the spatial intensity distribution of the transmitted laser pulse. Among the relevant mechanisms self-focusing is not observed before the second breakdown.
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    Test of an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) as a compact and fast tunable stokes source in coherent anti-stokes raman spectroscopy (CARS) (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 55 (1992), S. 378-380 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An optical parametric oscillator (OPO), as a novel kind of broadband Stokes source, is employed for coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS). Compared to the conventional dye laser configuration OPO-CARS offers practical advantages. The tunable OPO allows a fast and comfortable frequency tuning. The excitation bandwidth of about 35 cm−1 (FWHM) limits the spectral range of effective and stable single pulse CARS generation but can be used to enhance selected spectral structures.
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    Multi-megawatt superradiant emissions from coumarin-doped sol-gel derived silica (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 55 (1992), S. 365-367 
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    Keywords: 42.55.Mv ; 42.55.Rz ; 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fluorescence and lasing properties of coumarindoped silica samples prepared by sol-gel process were investigated. Superradiant emissions at peak power as high as 7MW were measured at around 535 nm when the silica samples were excited by a XeF laser. The energy of the superradiant pulse was 89 mJ, corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 36.6%.
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    Preionization effects of iso-C4H10 in N2 TE UV lasers (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 55 (1992), S. 433-436 
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    Keywords: 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper the ionizing role of isobutane (iso-C4H10) in the operation of a N2TE UV laser is analyzed. Laser pulse width value modifications, different laser wavelengths generated in the 2+ system and voltage pulse period modifications are analysed in order to show that isobutane, in very reduced quantities, generates a preionizing effect that can be higher than that produced by a conventional wire preionization system.
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    Laser and fluorescence properties of dye-doped sol-gel silica from 400 nm to 800 nm (1993)
    Springer
    Applied physics 56 (1993), S. 385-390 
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    Keywords: 42.55.M ; 42.55.R ; 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Lasing and fluorescence properties of ten dyes covering the spectral range from 400 nm to 800 nm were studied in a silica matrix prepared by the sol-gel technique. The dye-doped sol-gel silica samples fluoresced strongly under laser excitation. Many of the samples were also induced to superradiate. In comparison to dyes in alcohol solvents, significant red-shifting was observed in the sol-gel silica fluorescence spectra. Plausible causes of the red-shift are discussed.
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    Continuous-wave mode-locked solid-state lasers with enhanced spatial hole burning (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 429-437 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55 ; 42.65
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We systematically investigate the difference between both actively and passively mode-locked lasers with Gain-at-the-End (GE) and Gain-in-the-Middle (GM) at the example of Nd:YLF lasers. The GE laser generates pulse widths approximately three times shorter than a comparable GM cavity. This is due to enhanced Spatial Hole Burning (SHB) which effectively flattens the saturated gain and allows for a larger lasing bandwidth compared to a GM cavity. We first investigate enhanced SHB by measuring the cw mode spectrum, where we have observed that the mode spacing in GE cavities depends primarily on the crystal length. This was also confirmed for a Nd:LSB crystal, where the pump absorption length was significantly shorter than the crystal length. In mode-locked operation, pulse widths of 4 ps for passive mode locking and 5 ps for active mode locking are demonstrated with GE cavities, compared to 11 ps for passive and 17 ps for active mode locking with GM cavities. Additionally, the time-bandwidth product for the GE cavity is approximately twice the ideal product for a sech2 pulse shape and cannot be improved by dispersion compensation alone, while the GM cavity has nearly ideal time-bandwidth-limited performance. The results for the GM cavity compare well to existing theories taking into account the added effect of pump-power-dependent gain bandwidth which increases the bandwidth of Nd: YLF from 360 to 〉 500 GHz. In a following paper [1] (called Part II) a rigorous theoretical treatment of the effects due to SHB will be presented.
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    Performance studies of a pulsed HF laser with a sliding discharge plasma cathode (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 357-365 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The plasma electrode design concept is applied for the first time to an HF laser. The discharge along the surface of a dielectric (sliding discharge) is used as a plasma cathode for the main laser discharge. The laser operates at atmospheric pressure with a gas mixture of He/SF6/C3H8. Details are presented on the efficiency of energy transfer, the dependence of laser performance on circuit parameters, gas mixture, relative energy loading and time delay between the plasma electrode and main discharges. The F atom production rate is estimated from the linear dependence of the output energy on the electric charge passed through the discharge. Output energies of 600 mJ were obtained at 1.6% efficiency from a small active discharge of 108 cm3 volume and 38 cm length, while the maximum specific input and output energies were 370 J/1 and 5.7 J/1, respectively. These values compare favourably with those reported in the literature for non-chain-reaction-type gas mixtures at 1 atm pressure and demonstrate that the plasma electrode design is a powerful scheme for developing gas-discharge lasers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081197
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  • 87
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    Time-dependent thermal lensing and Kerr nonlinearity in CS2 with CO2-laser radiation (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 473-477 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.10 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report on optical limiting and z-scan in CS2 as a function of the pulse duration of 10 µm TEA CO2-laser radiation. We present a comprehensive and simple model for the shape of a laser pulse transmitted through this limiting device. For the first time, we propose the use of an optical limiting device for beam shaping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081046
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  • 88
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    Simultaneous, spatially resolved monitoring of C2 and OH in a C2H2/O2 flame using a diode array detector (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 93-97 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.60 ; 82.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Simultaneous, spatially resolved monitoring of C2 and OH in a flame is reported. Data could be captured in 10 ns employing two pulsed lasers and a diode array detector. Laser-production of C2 was also observed and a kinetic study of such molecules was performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692769
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  • 89
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    Waveform of the amplitude modulated laser light by means of a mechanical chopper (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 119-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The model which reproduces accurately and conveniently the waveform of the amplitude modulated cw laser light in the TEM00 mode by a mechanical chopper is developed. It is found that its predictions are in good agreement with the strict, completely accurate but rather lengthy and inconvenient treatment and with the experiment. The criterion for the efficient amplitude modulation of the laser light by a mechanical chopper is formulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688816
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  • 90
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    Prospects for vapor-phase dye lasers (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 63-74 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 78.30 ; 78.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This review covers the field of vapor-phase dye lasers (VPDL) with special emphasis on prospects of gas lasers with optical pumping. Some peculiarities of the gaseous active medium and a possibility to control its density near the critical point are discussed. High specific laser energies (∼0.3J/cm−3), low thresholds, and high efficiencies (20–40%) made it possible to construct a powerful tunable VPDL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688348
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  • 91
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    A laser optical method for the determination of tropospheric OH concentrations (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 103-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.68 ; 42.80 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A long-path absorption procedure for the determination of tropospheric OH concentrations is described in detail. Initial measurements using this method were carried out in Frankfurt a. M. By including in the evaluation the visible radiation of a frequencydoubled dye laser used in the measurements, it was possible to mathematically reduce the signal fluctuations caused by the scattering and density fluctuations of tropospheric air. The resulting detection limit was 3×106 OH per cm3. SO2 concentrations which had to be simultaneously determined in order to eliminate an interference effect, could be detected in the range of 1–40 ppb on the absorption path.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688355
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  • 92
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    Magnetic field effect measurements by time-selective absorption sampling (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 15-17 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 35 ; 07.65 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An absorption method which permits time-selective measurements at different wavelengths has been developed in order to explore magnetic field effects on photoinduced electron transfer reactions in linked and unlinked donor-acceptor systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693901
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  • 93
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    Bistable operation of a dual-wavelength synchronously mode-locked cw dye laser (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 7-8 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Bistable operation of a dual-wavelength synchronously mode-locked cw dye laser is reported. Wavelength switching is found to depend on the pump power and the dye laser cavity lengths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688767
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  • 94
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    The fast frequency stabilisation of an argon laser to an optical resonator using an extra-cavity electro-optic modulator (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 04.80 ; 07.60 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A frequency stabilisation system for an argon laser is described, incorporating a fast piezoelectrically driven laser mirror and an extracavity electro-optic phase shifter. We show that results obtained with this method are potentially as good as those reported from systems which use fast intra-cavity modulators. This technique avoids the loss associated with an intra-cavity device, thus allowing higher power output, and so making it an attractive alternative to present stabilisation systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691687
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  • 95
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    Experimental study of cw carbon monoxide flame chemical laser of the CS2/O2/CO2 type (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 87-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The performance of a continuous-wave (cw) CO flame chemical laser (FCL) of the CS2/O2/CO2 type is presented. The laser gives up to 0.7 W cw output power on a number ofP v (J) lines corresponding to 11→10, ..., 7→6 vibrational bands of CO molecule. The measured values of chemical efficiency based on the reaction O+CS→CO*(v)+S and the specific power are 0.1% and 0.7J/g, respectively. The spectral composition of the CO FCL of the CS2/O2/CO2 type shows lasing in the region from 5.194 to 5.573 μm. All experimental measurements are conducted with a nondispersive optical cavity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692554
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  • 96
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    Transverse mode dynamics in a free-electron laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 9-16 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.20 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We derive the most general equations of motion for the electrons and the electromagnetic field in a free-electron laser including the effects of diffraction and pulse propagation. The field evolution is expressed in terms of the amplitudes and phases of a complete set of transverse modes. The analytic solution is given in the small-signal regime, where the theory is shown to be in excellent agreement with a recent experiment at Orsay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690020
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  • 97
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    Tritium isotope separation by CO2-laser irradiation at low temperatures (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 83-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 82.40 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Tritium isotope separation by CO2-laser induced multiphoton dissociation of CTF3 is investigated. For the optimization of the performance of this working substance, trifluoromethane, the conditions to yield high-selectivity at high-operating pressure and low-critical fluence for complete dissociation are studied using our deconvolution procedure. The irradiation conditions are varied over the following ranges; wavenumber: 1052–1087 cm−1, gas temperature: 25°C to −78°C, CHF3 pressure: 5–205 Torr. The selectivities exceeding 104 are observed for 85–205 Torr CHF3 at −78°C by the irradiation at 1057 cm−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688351
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  • 98
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    Directional and wavelength sweep of distributed-feedback dye-laser pulses (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 29-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Directional and wavelength sweep of a pulse train from a distributed-feedback dye laser is studied and found not to be a thermal effect, rather a gain-induced one. The directional sweep can be used for single-pulse selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697461
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  • 99
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    High-power, line-tunable14NH3 and15NH3 lasers (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 38 (1985), S. 185-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A high-power, line-tunable NH3 laser pumped by a TEA CO2 laser has been developed for application to laser isotope separation of tritium. Laser lines from15NH3 are newly observed in a range from 11.24 to 13.23 μm. The performance of an15NH3 laser is compared to that of an14NH3 laser.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697482
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  • 100
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    Trace detection of plutonium by three-step photoionization with a laser system pumped by a copper vapor laser (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 38 (1985), S. 249-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 32 ; 42.60 ; 07.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Laser photoionization has been used to detect trace amounts of plutonium. A high sensitivity and selectivity has been achieved by applying three-step excitation and ionization of the plutonium atoms with high pulse-repetition rates and additional mass determination by time-of-flight measurements. A laser system was developed which consists of a copper vapor laser pumping three dye lasers simultaneously. Samples containing between 1010 and 1012 atoms of239Pu on Re filaments were measured yielding strong resonance signals with maximum ion count rates of several kHz at a vanishingly low background. A detection efficiency of 10−7 was determined allowing the detection of about 108 plutonium atoms in a sample.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00818051
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