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  • Articles  (2,559)
  • INGV
  • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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  • 1
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    2001 Bhuj-Kachchh earthquake: surface faulting and its relation with neotectonics and regional structures, Gujarat, Western India (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-27
    Description: Primary and secondary surface deformation related to the 2001 Bhuj-Kachchh earthquake suggests that thrusting movement took place along an E-W fault near the western extension of the South Wagad Fault, a synthetic fault of the Kachchh Mainland Fault (KMF). Despite early reconnaissance reports that concluded there was no primary surface faulting, we describe an 830 m long, 15-35 cm high, east-west-trending thrust fault scarp near where the seismogenic fault plane would project to the surface, near Bharodiya village (between 23°34.912'N, 70°23.942'E and 23°34.304'N, 70°24.884'E). Along most of the scarp Jurassic bedrock is thrust over Quaternary deposits, but the fault scarp also displaces Holocene alluvium and an earth dam, with dips of 13° to 36° south. Secondary co-seismic features, mainly liquefaction and lateral spreading, dominate the area south of the thrust. Transverse right-lateral movement along the «Manfara Fault» and a parallel fault near Bharodiya suggests segmentation of the E-W master faults. Primary (thrust) surface rupture had a length of 0.8 km, maximum displacement of about 35 cm, and average displacement of about 15 cm. Secondary (strike-slip) faulting was more extensive, with a total end-to-end length of 15 km, maximum displacement of 35 cm, and average displacement of about 20 cm.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: surface rupture ; Kachchh earthquake ; thrust fault ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Escape Volcano: un nuovo gioco geo-scientifico (2020)
    INGV
    In:  Di Nezza M., Misiti V., Di Laura F., D’Addezio G., (2020). Escape Volcano: un nuovo gioco geoscientifico. Misc. INGV, 55: 134.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-15
    Description: Escape Volcano is a new scientific game that, through a path made of boxes, allows children andteenagers to question themselves and learn about issues related to the Earth Sciences and the risksassociated.The game is the brainchild of the INGV researchers of Rome who designed it, in close collaborationwith students from two third­year classes at the “Primo Levi” Scientific High School in Rome, as partof the Alternanza Scuola Lavoro (hereafter ASL) project “Life as a Researcher”; this educational­ludicsociety game deals, with the basic knowledge of volcanoes and earthquakes, providing ideas for themitigation of the risks associated with them, with purpose of environmental protection. In thefollowing will be illustrate the different phases that led the transformation of the original idea in toa project, as well as the realization of the “Prototype 00” carried out in the laboratories of the INGV.During the planning phase, the game was designed for boys of secondary school.The results obtained during this test phase, that was carried out for a year in various scientific events,allowed gathering excellent hints, in the terms of scientific content and rules. These advices permittedto improve the game fluidity and made it accessible for players of all ages, as well as for childrenwith different types of disabilities that necessitate special attention.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-34
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: dissemination ; geosciences ; game ; gamification ; volcanic hazards ; SLD ; Specific Learning Disabilities or Disorder
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Gas geochemistry for the Los Azufres (Michoacán) geothermal reservoir, México (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-23
    Description: Gas data of the Los Azufres geothermal field were analyzed using a method based on equilibrium of the Fischer- Tropsch (FT) reaction: CH4 + 2H2O = 4H2 +CO2 and on the combined pyrite-hematite-magnetite (HSH2) reactions: 5/4 H2 +3/2 FeS2 +3/4 Fe2O3 + 7/4 H2O = 3 H2S +Fe3O4 in order to estimate reservoir temperature and excess steam. The solution of equilibrium equations produces a grid (FT-HSH2). This method is suitable for reservoirs with relatively high H2S but low H2 and NH3 concentrations in the fluid as is the case of the Los Azufres well discharges. Reservoir temperature and reservoir excess steam values were estimated for initial and present conditions in representative wells of the field to study the evolution of fluids, because of exploitation and waste fluids reinjection. This method was very useful in estimating reservoir temperatures in vapor wells, while in two-phase wells it was found that as the well produces a smaller fraction of water, the reservoir temperature estimation agrees qualitatively with results from cationic or silica geothermometers. For liquid-dominated wells the reservoir temperature estimations agree with temperatures obtained from the well simulator WELFLO. This indicates that FT-HSH2 results provide the temperature of the fluid entering the well where the last equilibrium occurs. Results show a decrease in reservoir temperatures in the southern zone of the field where intensive reinjection takes place. With exploitation, it was also noted that the deep liquid phase in the reservoir is changing to two-phase increasing the reservoir steam fraction and the non-condensable gases in well discharges.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Los Azufres geothermal field ; gas geochemistry ; geothermal gas equilibria ; reservoir exploitation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Continuous monitoring of CO2 and H2S air concentration and soil CO2 flux survey for gas hazard assessment at Tor Caldara nature reserve (Anzio, Italy). (2020)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-10
    Description: Tor Caldara natural reserve hosts the southernmost discharge of endogenous gas of Colli Albani volcano (mostly CO2 with a relevant H2S content up to 6.3 vol.%). Gas discharges in zones where past sulfur mining removed the impervious surficial cover (e.g. Miniera Grande and Miniera Piccola) and along tectonic fissures. A structural study of the reserve has shown the presence of two zones with different characteristics: prevailing directions NS and N30° in the northern zone; EW and N60° in the southern one. In MarchJuly 2012 a geochemical study was carried out, including a soil CO2 flux survey and continuous monitoring (from 2 to 11 days) of air concentration of CO2 and H2S in 12 sites of the reserve. Environmental parameters were also monitored. Total diffuse soil flux of endogenous CO2 was estimated to 17.48 ton*day1 from 1,259 measurements over a 0.47 km2 surface, with 6.56 ton*day1 only from Miniera Grande. This is the second highest value of soil CO2 flux at Miniera Grande, after that of 2005 (9.25 ton*day1) and is significantly higher than in 2009 (1.20 ton*day1). As both the 2005 and 2012 surveys were made shortly after earthquakes with epicentres near to Tor Caldara (max ML= 4.7 in 2005 and 3.5 in 2012), data confirm that soil CO2 flux increases during earthquakes because of seismic rock microfracturing and soil shaking. Hazardous air concentrations have been found only for H2S, up to immediately lethal values (5651,124 ppm) and with potentially lethal values (≥ 250 ppm) long persisting (up to 12h27’) in several no wind nights. Instead, the CO2 air concentration remained always well below dangerous levels (maximum recorded value = 2.1 vol.%). The most hazardous gas releasing sites were found in Miniera Grande and in a small pond NE of Miniera Piccola, where the carcasses of mammals and other small animals are frequently found. The killer gas is H2S, and the dangerous sites should be appropriately fenced to prevent access to people and animals.
    Description: Regione Lazio Civil Protection Department
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-48
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Tor Caldara gas hazard assessment; Soil CO2 flux; CO2 and H2S air concentration monitoring ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    La sismicità storica dell'isola senza terremoti (2020)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-18
    Description: probably confirm this opinion, with qualifica ons. Historical earthquake catalogues, up to CPTI11 [Rovida et al., 2011], report only one Mw 5.1 event on 13 November 1948: it was located in the Sardinian Sea, and had very modest effects on land. In later decades, the seismic networks did record very few earthquakes of moderate energy (Mw 〈5), mostly located off-shore, either south-east of Cagliari or west of Olbia or in the Sea of Sardinia. The most recent ones (occurred in 2000, 2004 and 2006) had very slight effects on the island. Given the low level of instrumental seismicity and the weak macroseismic effects of known historical earthquakes, Sardinia's seismic risk is perceived as very low. The low seismicity of the region certainly has a geological explana on, given that the Corsica-Sardinia block is among the most stable areas of the Mediterranean basin. “Low”, however, does not mean “non- existent”: recent historical research has improved knowledge on the major known historical earthquake of Sardinia (it occurred on June 4, 1616 and was responsible for minor but widespread damage to the system of coastal watchtowers, south-west of Cagliari) and rediscovered several minor earthquakes, part of which were known to the seismological tradi on but had been almost completely forgo en. This paper collects all the documenta on available at present on the seismic history of Sardinia.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-160
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Sardinia ; Seismicity ; Seismic history ; Historical Earthquakes ; Historical seismology ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Imaging the Salinelle Mud Volcanoes (Sicily, Italy) using integrated geophysical and geochemical surveys (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-07
    Description: Geochemical and geophysical prospecting methods (including measurements of soil heat flux and soil CO2 flux, gravimetry, self-potential and geomagnetism) are used to produce an integrated data set aimed at imaging the migration of fluids in the sub-surface at the Salinelle mud volcanoes, located on the lower southwestern flank of Mt Etna (Sicily, Italy). This area was affected by magmatic eruptions from local volcanic centers between about 48 and 27 ka. Today, only pseudo-volcanic phenomena due to over-pressured multiphase pore fluids there occur. Carbon dioxide of magmatic origin, mixed with biogenic hydrocarbons, warm hypersaline waters and mud, are constantly released at the surface through the main conduits of mud volcanoes, whose activity is characterized by alternation of mild gas bubbling periods and strong paroxysmal phases. The latter produce violent gas eruptions that eject warm water (T ≈ 50° C) to a height up to about 1 m. Surface distribution of the geophysical and geochemical parameters have been investigated to detect the main pathways through which fluids move toward the shallow crust. Integration of geochemical, geophysical and geological maps allowed for the tracing of the fluid flow in the shallowest (a few tens of meters below the surface) part of the local hydrothermal system. Our results showed that the rising of fluids from a deep reservoir is controlled by the main structural and geological features of the area and their temporal and spatial evolution depends on pressure conditions inside the hydrothermal system.
    Description: Published
    Description: PE442
    Description: 7A. Geofisica per il monitoraggio ambientale
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 7
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    L’eruzione immaginaria. Un’indagine sulla rappresentazione del rischio vulcanico nella fantasia dei bambini (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: All’esperimento “eruzione immaginaria” negli anni scolastici 20172018 e 20182019 hanno contribuito gli Istituti: 2° Circolo Didattico F. Giampaglia di Ercolano; IC 3 De Curtis Ungaretti di Ercolano; IC San Rocco di Marano di Napoli; IC Raffaele Viviani di Napoli; IC 1 Don Bosco Melloni di Portici; IC 3 RodariAnnecchino di Pozzuoli; IC 6 Quasimodo Dicearchia di Pozzuoli; IC 3 CD S. GaetanoGadda di Quarto; DD Scafati 1 di Scafati; ICS De Nicola Sasso di Torre del Greco; IC 5 di Bologna; IC Bonati di Bondeno (FE).
    Description: Da molto tempo il rischio vulcanico è al centro di progetti di divulgazione scientifica, particolarmente in area napoletana, dove l’Osservatorio Vesuviano ha sempre promosso numerose iniziative dedicate all’informazione su pericolosità e rischio vulcanico. In particolare sono state realizzate iniziative formative nelle scuole, sviluppate in collaborazione con il Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, e attività mirate a raggiungere la popolazione più in generale attraverso le visite guidate al Museo della sede storica, oppure con incontri pubblici, mostre, workshops, ecc. organizzati in collaborazione con la Città della Scienza e altri Enti locali. Dal 2005 questa attività formativa si è arricchita attraverso il progetto EDURISK, un’iniziativa più propriamente dedicata all’educazione al rischio sismico e vulcanico nelle scuole, con la realizzazione di corsi di formazione per gli insegnanti. Una delle esperienze più interessanti sviluppate dal progetto EDURISK, è stata la realizzazione nell’anno scolastico 20172018 di un’indagine sull’immaginario di bambini e ragazzi sul rischio vulcanico, con l’obiettivo di individuare, attraverso un’attività creativa l’invenzione di una storia in ambiente vulcanico come percepiscono il contesto vulcanico in cui vivono, come immaginano che possa verificarsi un’eruzione e quale potrebbe essere la loro capacità di risposta. L’indagine è stata realizzata in 23 classi di scuola primaria e secondaria di I grado di Istituti Comprensivi di area vesuviana (Ercolano, Scafati, Torre del Greco) e flegrea (Marano di Napoli, Pozzuoli, Quarto), coinvolgendo complessivamente circa 500 bambini fra gli 8 e i 12 anni. Fra i tanti temi emersi, tre sono fondamentali. In area flegrea la percezione di vivere ‘dentro’ un vulcano è praticamente assente: è pertanto indispensabile attivare percorsi di conoscenza del territorio in cui si vive; per i bambini il passaggio dalla comparsa dei precursori e l’eruzione vera e propria è istantaneo: mancano quindi conoscenze scientifiche specifiche, compresa l’incertezza sulla possibile evoluzione dei fenomeni; infine in caso di eruzione i bambini pensano di doversi salvare da soli: nelle loro storie non esistono istituzioni, un sistema organizzato di protezione civile e di gestione dell’emergenza: è quindi indispensabile e urgente un lavoro educativo sul riconoscimento delle risorse della comunità e di ricostruzione della fiducia fra cittadini e istituzioni.
    Description: Convenzione fra INGV e Dipartimento nazionale della Protezione Civile, Allegato A, tematica “M”
    Description: Published
    Description: 3-42
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Rischio vulcanico ; Edurisk ; Campi Flegrei ; Vesuvio ; scuola ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Comparison of ionospheric scintillation models with experimental data for satellite navigation applications (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-17
    Description: A comparison between two of the most used scintillation models and experimental data is presented. The experimental data have been derived from a GPS scintillation monitor developed at Cornell University and placed in Tucuman (Argentina), under the peak of the anomaly. The models used (GISM and WBMOD) have been run for the geophysical conditions corresponding to the measurements. The comparison is done by subdividing the information on the basis of an ionospheric grid of 5°×5° surface square boxes. The comparison has been performed for several local times, from 18 LT until 04 LT. Here, only a few cases of particular interest are shown. The goal is to understand if the models are able to forecast actual scintillation morphology (from the satellite navigation systems point of view) and if they could be used to yield an estimate of scintillation effects on satellite navigation systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ionospheric scintillations ; scintillation models ; GPS ; SBAS ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Caratteristiche del Rumore Sismico nei pressi del Rilevatore di Onde Gravitazionali VIRGO (Cascina, Pisa) (2012)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: In questo lavoro si presentano i risultati di uno studio sulle caratteristiche del rumore sismico in prossimità del rilevatore di onde gravitazionali VIRGO (Cascina, Pisa), con particolare riferimento alle vibrazioni associate all’azione di un vicino parco eolico. La valutazione delle componenti spettrali del rumore verosimilmente indotte dagli aerogeneratori è stata effettuata mediante (i) Misure dirette alla base di una turbina, (ii) Correlazione fra le ampiezze spettrali del rumore e la velocità del vento; (iii) Determinazione delle proprietà direzionali da misure multicanale, (iv) Misura dell’attenuazione del segnale con la distanza dal parco eolico. Il disturbo provocato dagli aerogeneratori è particolarmente energetico alla frequenza di 1.7 Hz e, in particolari condizioni, è stato osservato fino a distanze di 11 km dal Parco Eolico. Il decadimento spaziale delle ampiezze ha un andamento complesso, che può essere interpretato in termini di una combinazione fra onde superficiali e onde di volume rifratte ad un’interfaccia profonda (~800 m) fra i sedimenti plio-pleistocenici ed i calcari Miocenici. La risposta locale nei dintorni dell’interferometro è stata investigata utilizzando la tecnica dei rapporti spettrali H/V. Si sono così evidenziate due bande di amplificazione imputabili ad effetti di risonanza legati alla geologia a scala locale: il primo intorno alla frequenza di 0.35 Hz, il secondo fra 0.7 e 2.0 Hz. Entrambi i picchi risultano essere essenzialmente omogenei in tutta l’area di studio, a conferma della sostanziale uniformità della struttura geologica.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-30
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic Noise ; Array Seismology ; Gravity Waves ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    The new Italian seismic hazard model (MPS19) (2021)
    INGV
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    Publication Date: 2021-04-13
    Description: We describe the main structure and outcomes of the new probabilistic seismic hazard model for Italy, MPS19 [Modello di Pericolosità Sismica, 2019]. Besides to outline the probabilistic framework adopted, the multitude of new data that have been made available after the preparation of the previous MPS04, and the set of earthquake rate and ground motion models used, we give particular emphasis to the main novelties of the modeling and the MPS19 outcomes. Specifically, we (i) introduce a novel approach to estimate and to visualize the epistemic uncertainty over the whole country; (ii) assign weights to each model components (earthquake rate and ground motion models) according to a quantitative testing phase and structured experts’ elicitation sessions; (iii) test (retrospectively) the MPS19 outcomes with the horizontal peak ground acceleration observed in the last decades, and the macroseismic intensities of the last centuries; (iv) introduce a pioneering approach to build MPS19_cluster, which accounts for the effect of earthquakes that have been removed by declustering. Finally, to make the interpretation of MPS19 outcomes easier for a wide range of possible stakeholders, we represent the final result also in terms of probability to exceed 0.15 g in 50 years.
    Description: Published
    Description: SE112
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 11
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    Paleoseismology of the Yangsan Fault, southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: The NNE-trending Yangsan Fault (YSF) is the most prominent fault in the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula and has a continuous trace about 200 km long. Activity on this fault was recently investigated using aerial photographs, topographic analysis, and trenching. The geomorphologic evidence of Late Quaternary faulting is clearly recognized on both the northern (Yugyeri and Tosung-ri areas) and southern parts (Eonyang to Tongdosa area) of the fault. The main YSF is marked by a zone of shattered rock that is tens of meters wide and zone of fault gouge. During the Late Quaternary, right-lateral movement occurred mainly on the southern part, as shown by lowangle striations on the fault plane, elongation of deformation features in the fault gouge. The estimated vertical slip rate is about 0.02-0.07 mm/yr, and the lateral slip rate may be several times larger than the vertical rate. The most recent event occurred prior to deposition of Holocene alluvium. In the northern part, the fault locally changes trend to almost N-S, dips to the east and has reverse movement. The average vertical slip rate is estimated less than 0.1 mm/yr. The most recent event probably occurred after 1314 cal. years BP (A.D. 536).
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Yangsan Fault (YSF) ; Korean Peninsula ; averge slip rate ; most recent event ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    The Santa Ninfa Cave (Belice Valley): hydrogeochemical features and relationships with neotectonics (2020)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-09-01
    Description: The Santa Ninfa Cave (SNC) develops in an outcrop of Messinian gypsum, located in the heart of the zone struck by the 1968 seismic sequence of the Belice valley. It is composed of different levels of sub-horizontal galleries, the lowest of which is characterized by perennial flowing water, running along the water table. From the hydrogeological point of view, it configures as an open circuit, both inflowing and outflowing from/to neighboring aquifers. The geochemical facies of groundwater collected in the SNC is compatible with a meteoric recharge chemically interacting with evaporitic deposits. The most relevant geochemical feature is the mixing between a small tributary of sulfur water with the main stream flowing in the lowest passage. The mixing between groundwater of different origin, flowing in aquifers with different permeability, can give rise to geochemical transients linked to seismogenic processes. Under this light, SNC could be of potential interest in the framework of a monitoring system of neo-tectonic activity in southwestern Sicily
    Description: Published
    Description: SE103
    Description: 7T. Variazioni delle caratteristiche crostali e precursori sismici
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 13
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    Source parameters of the M 6.5 Skyros Island (North Aegean Sea) earthquake of July 26, 2001 (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: Teleseismic body wave modelling, time domain moment tensor inversion of regional waveforms and spectral analysis of the far-field P-wave pulses are used to derive the source parameters of the July 26, 2001 Skyros earthquake (M 6.5). Its epicentre is located south of the Sporades Islands in the North Aegean Sea (Greece). Previous focal mechanism solutions indicate motion on strike-slip faults. The time domain moment tensor inversion is applied for the first time to the regional waveforms of the recently established broadband network in Greece. Its application gave results which are highly consistent with teleseismic waveform modelling. The results of this study, in combination with the distribution of aftershocks, indicate left-lateral strike slip motion on a NW-SE striking fault with parameters: fault plane (strike = 151°, dip = 83°, rake = 7°) and auxiliary plane (strike = 60°, dip = 84°, rake = 173°), depth 12 km and M 0 = 5.98e18 N m. Moreover, the time domain moment tensor inversion technique yielded a pure double couple source with negligible CLVD. The spectral analysis of the far-field P-wave pulses resulted in a fault length L ~ 32 km, stress drop ~ 9 bars and average displacement u ~ 30 cm.These values are in very good agreement with those estimated from empirical scaling relations applicable to the Aegean area.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: source parameters ; Skyros earthquake ; Aegean ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    INGV at the “Isola di Einstein”: playing with science (2020)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-16
    Description: The “L’Isola di Einstein” is a unique festival in Europe, of scientific games and shows. The protagonists are experiments, natural phenomena and scientific histories enjoying, intriguing and thrilling a wide range of people. International artists, disseminators, scientists and storytellers are able to fascinate the audience sharing the passion of the discovery. The INGV contributes to this Event presenting volcanological and seismological laboratories and games for all aged people.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-54
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: N/A or not JCR
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  • 15
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    Paleomagnetic dating of non-sulfide Zn-Pb ores in SW Sardinia (Italy): a first attempt (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-30
    Description: A first paleomagnetic investigation aimed at constraining the age of the non-sulfide Zn-Pb ore deposits in the Iglesiente district (SW Sardinia, Italy) was carried out. In these ores, the oxidation of primary sulfides, hosted in Cambrian carbonate rocks, was related to several paleoweathering episodes spanning from the Mesozoic onward. Paleomagnetic analyses were performed on 43 cores from 4 different localities, containing: a) non-oxidized primary sulfides and host rock, b) oxidized Fe-rich hydrothermal dolomites and (c) supergene oxidation ore («Calamine»). Reliable data were obtained from 18 samples; the others show uninterpretable results due to low magnetic intensity or to scattered demagnetization trajectories. Three of them show a scattered Characteristic Remanent Magnetization (ChRM), likely carried by the original (i.e. Paleozoic) magnetic iron sulfides. The remaining 15 samples show a well defined and coherent ChRM, carried by high-coercivity minerals, acquired after the last phase of counterclockwise rotation of Sardinia (that is after 16 Myr), in a time interval long enough to span at least one reversal of the geomagnetic field. Hematite is the main magnetic carrier in the limestone, whereas weathered hydrothermal dolomite contains goethite or a mixture of both. The results suggest that paleomagnetism can be used to constrain the timing of oxidation in supergene-enriched ores.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: paleomagnetism ; non-sulfideores ; calamine ; Sardinia ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 16
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    Variability of Atlantic Ocean heat transport and its effects on the atmosphere (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-21
    Description: The variability of the Atlantic meridional Ocean Heat Transport (OHT) has been diagnosed from a simulation of a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model, and the mechanisms responsible for this variability have been elucidated. It has been demonstrated that the interannual variability in Atlantic OHT is dominated by windstress-driven Ekman fluctuations. In contrast, the decadal and multidecadal variability is associated with the fluctuations of the Thermohaline Circulation (THC), driven by the fluctuations in deep convection over the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian (GIN) Sea. The fluctuations of OHT induce Ocean Heat Content (OHC), and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies over the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic. The SST anomalies, in turn, have an impact on the atmosphere. The lead-lag relationships between the fluctuations of THC-related OHT and those of OHC and SST raise the possibility that a knowledge of OHT fluctuations could be used to predict variations in Atlantic Sea surface temperatures, and perhaps aspects of climate, several years in advance. A comparison of results from a second, independent, coupled model simulation is also presented, and similar conclusions reached.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: climate variability ; North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) ; Ocean Heat Transport (OHT) ; Sea Surface Temperature (SST) ; ThermohalineCirculation (THC) ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.02. General circulation
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  • 17
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    An interhemispheric comparison of GPS phase scintillation with auroral emission observed at the South Pole and from the DMSP satellite (2013)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-03
    Description: The global positioning system (GPS) phase scintillation caused by highlatitude ionospheric irregularities during an intense high-speed stream (HSS) of the solar wind from April 29 to May 5, 2011, was observed using arrays of GPS ionospheric scintillation and total electron content monitors in the Arctic and Antarctica. The one-minute phase-scintillation index derived from the data sampled at 50 Hz was complemented by a proxy index (delta phase rate) obtained from 1-Hz GPS data. The scintillation occurrence coincided with the aurora borealis and aurora australis observed by an all-sky imager at the South Pole, and by special sensor ultraviolet scanning imagers on board satellites of the Defense Meteorological Satellites Program. The South Pole (SP) station is approximately conjugate with two Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network stations on Baffin Island, Canada, which provided the opportunity to study magnetic conjugacy of scintillation with support of riometers and magnetometers. The GPS ionospheric pierce points were mapped at their actual or conjugate locations, along with the auroral emission over the South Pole, assuming an altitude of 120 km. As the aurora brightened and/or drifted across the field of view of the all-sky imager, sequences of scintillation events were observed that indicated conjugate auroras as a locator of simultaneous or delayed bipolar scintillation events. In spite of the greater scintillation intensity in the auroral oval, where phase scintillation sometimes exceeded 1 radian during the auroral break-up and substorms, the percentage occurrence of moderate scintillation was highest in the cusp. Interhemispheric comparisons of bipolar scintillation maps show that the scintillation occurrence is significantly higher in the southern cusp and polar cap.
    Description: Published
    Description: R0216
    Description: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Description: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Scintillations ; Solar-terrestrial interaction ; Space weather ; Solar variability and solar wind ; Magnetic storms ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.07. Scintillations ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.02. Space weather
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  • 18
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    Paleoseismology of the Xorxol Segment of the Central Altyn Tagh Fault, Xinjiang, China (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-11
    Description: Although the Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) is thought to play a key role in accommodating India-Eurasian convergence, little is known about its earthquake history. Studies of this strike-slip fault are important for interpretation of the role of faulting versus distributed deformation in the accommodation of the India- Eurasia collision. In addition, the 〉 1200 km long fault represents one of the most important and exemplary intracontinental strike-slip faults in the world. We mapped fault trace geometry and interpreted paleoseismic trench exposures to characterize the seismogenic behavior of the ATF. We identified 2 geometric segment boundaries in a 270 km long reach of the central ATF. These boundaries define the westernmost Wuzhunxiao, the Central Pingding, and the easternmost Xorxol (also written as Suekuli or Suo erkuli) segments. In this paper, we present the results from the Camel paleoseismic site along the Xorxol Segment at 91.759°E, 38.919°N. There evidence for the last two earthquakes is clear and 14C dates from layers exposed in the excavation bracket their ages. The most recent earthquake occurred between 1456 and 1775 cal A.D. and the penultimate event was between 60 and 980 cal A.D. Combining the Camel interpretations with our published results for the central ATF, we conclude that multiple earthquakes with shorter rupture lengths (?? 50 km) rather than complete rupture of the Xorxol Segment better explain the paleoseismic data. We found 2-3 earthquakes in the last 2-3 kyr. When coupled with typical amounts of slip per event (5-10 m), the recurrence times are tentatively consistent with 1-2 cm/yr slip rates. This result favors models that consider the broader distribution of collisional deformation, rather than those with northward motion of India into Asia absorbed along a few faults bounding rigid blocks.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: paleoseismology ; Altyn Tagh Fault ; strike-slip faults ; India-Eurasia collision ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
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  • 19
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    The French macroseismic database SISFRANCE: objectives, resultsand perspectives (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-05
    Description: To comply with nuclear safety requirements, an in-depth research program for the revision of existing catalogues was initiated back in 1974. The priority of the partners involved in the SISFRANCE project was to establish the most exhaustive documentary databank in order to construct an intensity macroseismic database, concerning both epicentral and punctual observations. The architecture of the SISFRANCE database is presented. The strength of this parametric database is the attribution of reliability coefficients at all levels of interpretations going from the documentary sources to the final intensity estimate. To ensure homogeneity of the database, a general guideline was defined. The resulting macroseismic relational database SISFRANCE contains 65000 intensity observations attesting to the existence of 5283 earthquakes (575 with Io = VI) that have been felt on the French metropolitan territory over the past one thousand years. Thanks to the homogeneous methodology and to the continuous collaboration between BRGM, EDF and IRSN for the past 30 years, SISFRANCE is today a reference database and a key tool for seismic hazard assessment.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: SISFRANCE database ; macroseismic historical seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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    Type: article
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  • 20
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    L'emergenza sismica in Molise (Agosto 2018). Implementazione della rete sismica di emergenza SISMIKO e condivisione dei dati (2020)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-19
    Description: Questo rapporto tecnico descrive le attività svolte da SISMIKO [Moretti et al., 2012; 2016a; 2016b; Pondrelli et al., 2016] in occasione della sequenza sismica che ha interessato l’area in provincia di Campobasso tra i comuni di Montecilfone, Guardialfiera e Larino a partire dal 14 agosto 2018 e che ha visto nel terremoto di magnitudo ML 5.2 (MW 5.1) del 16 agosto 2018 (18:19 UTC), ben risentito in un’ampia area che comprende molte regioni dell’Italia centro meridionale, l’evento più significativo della sequenza. SISMIKO è uno dei gruppi operativi dell’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) per la gestione delle emergenze sismiche [Pondrelli et al., 2016], e come per ogni terremoto con magnitudo superiore a 5.0, ovvero alla soglia prevista nella vigente Convenzione tra l’INGV e il Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC), a seguito del terremoto del 16 agosto 2018 (ML 5.2) ha predisposto un intervento volto al miglioramento del monitoraggio sismico dell’area interessata. L’integrazione di stazioni sismiche temporanee nella geometria della Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN [Michelini et al., 2016; INGV Seismological Data Centre]), consente infatti un miglioramento nella individuazione dei terremoti e un perfezionamento del calcolo dei parametri ipocentrali, soprattutto della profondità che è strettamente connessa alla distanza media tra le stazioni sismiche. L’intervento principale è stato svolto nella giornata del 17 agosto [SISMIKO working group, 2018], ma nelle due settimane successive i siti allestiti sono stati più volte visitati e il giorno 30 si è proceduto con l’integrazione di ulteriori 2 stazioni, portando a 5 i punti di acquisizione della rete temporanea. La rete sismica è stata operativa per circa 2 mesi. I dati sono stati trasmessi in tempo reale al centro di acquisizione dati della rete mobile presso la sede di Roma di SISMIKO e al contempo integrati nel sistema di sorveglianza sismica INGV [Michelini et al., 2016] per essere utilizzati nelle localizzazioni e nei prodotti scientifici forniti in tempo reale. On 16 August 2018 at 18:19:04 UTC an earthquake with magnitude ML 5.2 (MW 5.1) occurred in the Molise region. The earthquake was felt in a large area including many regions of Central and Southern Italy. The seismologists on duty in the 24H seismic monitoring room of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) located the event in the province of Campobasso, 4 km south­east of Montecilfone and at a preliminary depth of 9 km. The same area was affected two days before by a MW 4.6 event (August 14 at 23.48 Italian time1). Following the MW 5.1 event and the associated aftershock sequence, the SISMIKO Operational Group was activated [Moretti et al., 2012; 2016a; 2016b; Pondrelli et al., 2016] for the installation of temporary seismic stations to integrate the permanent stations of the National Seismic Network (RSN [Michelini et al., 2016; INGV Seismological Data Centre]) deployed in the region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-32
    Description: 2SR TERREMOTI - Gestione delle emergenze sismiche e da maremoto
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: SISMIKO ; Seismic networks temporary ; Seismic emergency ; Molise ; 04.06. Seismology
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  • 21
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    MACROMAP: Una Utility per MAPINFO™ per la georeferenziazione di dati macrosismici e la loro rappresentazione cartografica (2008)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: Questo lavoro presenta una utility per il GIS MapInfo™ sviluppata per l'archiviazione ed elaborazione dei dati macrosismici dalla fase di georeferenziazione fino al plottaggio finale su mappa. L'identificazione della località associata con un'osservazione macrosismica è un'operazione che talvolta può causare errori ed in seguito problemi nell'analisi ed interpretazione dei dati. La routine MacroMap fornisce uno strumento che in modo semplice e veloce aiuti nell'identificazione della corretta località a cui attribuire l'informazione macrosismica durante lo studio di un terremoto. L'utility è strutturata per utilizzare il formato della directory geografica DIR04 e le procedure adottate nella compilazione del DataBase Macrosismico Italiano DBMI04. MacroMap è stata sperimentata "sul campo" durante alcune indagini macrosismiche e tiene conto dell'esperienza e dei suggerimenti degli operatori del Gruppo QUEST (QUick Earthquake Survey Team). I campi di utilizzo di MacroMap vanno dalla realizzazione speditiva di mappe e tabelle per la produzione di report macrosismici per la Protezione Civile, alla revisione di terremoti storici, grazie all'avanzato sistema di query disponibile per la selezione dei toponimi del database geografico.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-21
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Osservazioni macrosismiche ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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  • 22
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    Telemetria a basso costo per liquidi criogenici (tappo attivo per dewars) (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: Descrizione della soluzione tecnica relativa al brevetto INGV "IT201800003588 (A1) ­2019­09­15".
    Description: Those scientific and industrial equipment that require a very low temperature cooling system to operate often require continuous maintenance and constant control of the cryogenic liquid level. For this reason, some plants are equipped with remote surveillance systems based on “ad hoc” developed technologies for very low temperatures. We present a patented technical solution to be able to use, in cryogenic conditions, a common ultrasound sensor that costs 4 euros. This cap for dewar tanks, due to its particular shape, allows to obtain this result. Consequently, it also offers the possibility of being able to use other low­cost technologies, such as the microcontrollers of the Arduino series. This allows an unlimited range of developments ranging from remote monitoring to the total automation of the ordinary maintenance of the cooling system. With this idea an “active cap” for Dewar was created at very low cost. It monitors the level of liquid nitrogen and provides online measurements updated in real time, the forecast of intervention for topping up and any alarm messages. A simple upgrade can allow automatic refilling of the liquid in the dewar. This solution, for inexpensiveness, can also represent an alternative to closed­circuit cooling and recycling systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-22
    Description: 7A. Geofisica per il monitoraggio ambientale
    Description: 7TM.Sviluppo e Trasferimento Tecnologico
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: low cost ; criogenic ; telemetry ; telemetria ; criogenica ; basso costo ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 23
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    Analisi quali-quantitativa delle precipitazioni atmosferiche a Palermo nello scenario attuale della qualità ambientale urbana e del cambiamento del clima (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: No abstract
    Description: Published
    Description: 115-118
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: N/A or not JCR
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  • 24
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    Scientific overview and historical context of the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquake sequence (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-21
    Description: The central and eastern United States has experienced only 5 historic earthquakes with Mw 7.0, four during the New Madrid sequence of 1811-1812: three principal mainshocks and the so-called «dawn aftershock» following the first mainshock. Much of the historic earthquake research done in the United States has focused on the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ), because the largest New Madrid earthquakes may represent the archetype for the most damaging earthquakes to be expected in intraplate regions. Published magnitude values ranging from 7.0 to 8.75 have generally been based on macroseismic effects, which provide the most direct constraint on source size for the events. Critical to the interpretation of these accounts is an understanding of their historic context. Early settlments clustered along waterways, where substantial amplification of seismic waves is expected. Analyzing the New Madrid intensity values with a consideration of these effects yields preferred values of Mw 7.2-7.3, 7.0, and 7.4-7.5 for the December, January, and February mainshocks, respectively, and of 7.0 for the «dawn aftershock». These values are consistent with other lines of evidence, including scaling relationships. Finally, I show that accounts from the New Madrid sequence reveal evidence for remotely triggered earthquakes well outside the NMSZ. Remotely triggered earthquakes represent a potentially important new wrinkle in historic earthquake research, as their ground motions can sometimes be confused with mainshock ground motions.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: New Madrid earthquakes ; intraplate ; historic ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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  • 25
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    Influence of Atlantic SST anomalies on the atmospheric circulation in the Atlantic-European sector (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-01
    Description: Recent studies of observational data suggest that Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies in the Atlantic Ocean have a significant influence on the atmospheric circulation in the Atlantic-European sector in early winter and in spring. After reviewing this work and showing that the spring signal is part of a global air-sea interaction, we analyze for comparison an ensemble of simulations with the ECHAM4 atmospheric general circulation model in T42 resolution forced by the observed distribution of SST and sea ice, and a simulation with the ECHAM4/OPA8 coupled model in T30 resolution. In the two cases, a significant influence of the Atlantic on the atmosphere is detected in the Atlantic-European sector. In the forced mode, ECHAM4 responds to SST anomalies from early spring to late summer, and also in early winter. The forcing involves SST anomalies not only in the tropical Atlantic, but also in the whole tropical band, suggesting a strong ENSO influence. The modeled signal resembles that seen in the observations in spring, but not in early winter. In the coupled mode, the Atlantic SST only has a significant influence on the atmosphere in summer. Although the SST anomaly is confined to the Atlantic, the summer signal shows some similarity with that seen in the forced simulations. However, there is no counterpart in the observations.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: air-sea interaction ; climate variability ; Atlantic SST anomalies ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 26
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    Monitoring of fumarole discharge and CO2 soil degassing in the Azores: contribution to volcanic surveillance and public health risk assessment (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-12
    Description: Fluid geochemistry monitoring in the Azores involves the regular sampling and analysis of gas discharges from fumaroles and measurements of CO2 diffuse soil gas emissions. Main degassing areas under monitoring are associated with hydrothermal systems of active central volcanoes in S. Miguel, Terceira and Graciosa islands. Fumarole discharge analysis since 1991 show that apart from steam these gas emissions are CO2 dominated with H2S, H2, CH4 and N2 in minor amounts. Mapping of CO2 diffuse soil emissions in S. Miguel Island lead to the conclusion that some inhabited areas are located within hazard-zones. At Furnas village, inside Furnas volcano caldera, about 62% of the 896 houses are within the CO2 anomaly, 5% being in areas of moderate to high risk. At Ribeira Seca, on the north flank of Fogo volcano, few family houses were evacuated when CO2 concentrations in the air reached 8 mol%. To assess and analyse the CO2 soil flux emissions, continuous monitoring stations were installed in S. Miguel (2), Terceira and Graciosa islands. The statistical analysis of the data showed that some meteorological parameters influence the CO2 flux. The average of CO2 flux in S. Miguel stations ranges from 250 g/m2/d at Furnas volcano to 530 g/m2/d at Fogo volcano. At Terceira Island it is about 330 g/m2/d and at Graciosa 4400 g/m2/d.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: volcanology ; geochemistry ; soil degassing ; monitoring ; risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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  • 27
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    PLINIO: an interactive web interface for seismic monitoring of Neapolitan volcanoes (2008)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-30
    Description: Seismic monitoring of active volcanoes has different and sometimes contrasting requirements. The peculiar features of volcanic seismicity makes an interactive system more complex than required for typical seismic monitoring. Intense seismic swarms of small magnitude earthquakes need a rapid but consistent processing for tracking in real time the evolution of an ongoing volcanic unrest. At the same time a comparison with the past record for detecting patterns still observed or anomalous behaviours is needed. Furthermore a correlation between different parameters as event magnitude and depth, event occurrence rate and volcanic tremor amplitude may be required. Finally, a rapid exchange of information among scientists located worldwide can be important for drawing conclusions about the evolution of a crisis. The first task can be fullfilled by an automatic seismic processing system, followed by a manual revision from expert seismologists. The second and the third can be simply accomplished storing the results of the processing in relational databases, that very well suited for such applications. The last task can be simply achieved by making the dataset accessible on-line thour a web server, in a friendly and interactive way. On the basis of the experience matured on the automatic seismic monitoring system of Stromboli ([2]) the research team of Monitoring Centre of I.N.G.V. “Osservatorio Vesuviano” started developing a similar software infrastructure for the monitoring of Neapolitan volcanoes. The existing databases: GeoVes, with supervised analysis, and Web Based Seismological Monitoring (WBSM) system, with automatic location, have been joined into a single friendly graphical interface aimed at improving the data accesibility and efficiency of the monitoring system.
    Description: Published
    Description: 363-374
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 5.9. TTC - Sistema web
    Description: open
    Keywords: plinio ; Neapolitan volcanoes ; web interface ; seismic monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 28
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    Bollettino Sismico Italiano 2014 (2020)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-26
    Description: Questo lavoro delinea le principali caratteristiche della sismicità registrata in Italia nel corso del 2014 e descrive lo stato della Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN). Sono 427 le stazioni sismiche che vengono acquisite per la RSN durante il 2014; la maggior parte di esse sono di proprietà dell’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) mentre le restanti appartengono a reti locali, regionali o a reti di monitoraggio estere. Il Bollettino Sismico Italiano (BSI) del 2014 contiene 27433 terremoti localizzati, di cui la maggior parte raggruppati nelle 32 sequenze sismiche individuate. Tra queste le principali sono: quella avvenuta ad aprile al confine tra Italia e Francia (Alpi Cozie) e quella registrata nel mese di dicembre in Toscana, tra le provincie di Firenze e Siena. La magnitudo minima di completezza del BSI 2014 su tutto il territorio nazionale è pari a MC 1.2, come nell’anno precedente. In un capitolo viene illustrata la sismicità di origine antropica presente nel BSI (circa 240 eventi, poco meno dell’1% sul totale) e i segnali registrati dalle stazioni sismiche di due eventi franosi avvenuti nelle Dolomiti bellunesi, area in cui avvengono molto frequentemente fenomeni di questo tipo.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-48
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Bollettino Sismico Italiano 2014 ; Italian Seismic Bulletin 2014 ; sequences and seismic swarms ; explosion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology
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    The 14 August 1708 Manosque, France earthquake: new constraintson the damage area from in-depth historical studies (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-05
    Description: In this paper, we re-evaluate the damage area of the 14 August 1708 Manosque earthquake, Southeast France. It is the strongest event (Io = VIII MSK) of a seismic sequence that lasted from March to October 1708. We show that the spatial repartition of the damage that can be proposed based on the existing sources, is clearly biased by the abundant narrative information concerning Manosque. This sparseness in the information can be attributed to differences in communication routes or strategies between the different localities, and affects the global perception of the event, especially in the rural area. To tackle this bias, we propose to inventory the building repairs reported in non-narrative sources in order to capture the effects of the Manosque earthquake in the surrounding region. The debates and accounts (between mid-1708 and 1710) show that moderate to heavy repairs consistently affect localities in the epicentral area, covering a region of at least 12 km radius around Manosque. These building repairs, indirectly attesting to earthquake damage, provide valuable and complementary information, which resulted in a better knowledge of this event. In particular, we propose new intensity estimates (I 〉VI) at six localities.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; non-narrativesources ; damage area ; building repairs ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Rupture history of the 1997 Umbria-Marche (Central Italy) main shocks from the inversion of GPS, DInSAR and near field strong motion data (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-05
    Description: We investigate the rupture history of the three largest magnitude earthquakes of the 1997 Umbria-Marche sequence by inverting GPS, DInSAR and near-source strong motion waveforms. We use the frequency domain inversion procedure proposed by Cotton and Campillo (1995) and calculate the Green s functions for a layered halfspace using the discrete wavenumber and reflectivity methods. We first invert GPS measurements and DInSAR interferograms to image the coseismic slip distribution on the fault planes in a layered half space for the two earthquakes that occurred on September 26, 1997 at 00:33 UTC (Mw = 5.7) and 09:40 UTC (Mw = 6.0) near Colfiorito. We also invert DInSAR interferograms to infer the slip distribution during the subsequent earthquake that occurred on October 14, 1997 at 15:23 UTC (Mw = 5.6) in the SE section of the seismogenic zone near Sellano. We also explore the set of acceptable solutions using a genetic algorithm to have information on the available resolution of geodetic data. The slip models obtained by geodetic data inversion are used to perform a forward modeling of strong motion waveforms for all three events. We adopt a constant rupture velocity of 2.6 km/s and a constant rise time of 1 s. Our results show that these rupture models provide an acceptable fit to recorded waveforms. Finally, we invert the recorded ground displacements, collected during the September 26th 09:40 main shock and the October 14th Sellano earthquake, to constrain the rupture history. We use the geodetic slip distribution as starting model for the iterative inversion procedure. The retrieved rupture models are consistent with those inferred from geodetic data and yield a good fit to recorded seismograms. These rupture models are characterized by a heterogeneous slip distribution and an evident rupture directivity in agreement with previous observations.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: slip history ; waveform inversion ; geodetic data modeling ; Colfiorito earthquakes ; kinematic source models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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    The exploding-reflector concept for ground-penetrating-radar modeling (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Description: The simulation of a stacked radargram requires the calculation of a set of common-source experiments and application of the standard processing sequence. To reduce computing time, a zero-offset stacked section can be obtained with a single simulation, by using the exploding-reflector concept and the so-called non-reflecting wave equation. This non-physical modification of the wave equation implies a constant impedance model to avoid multiple reflections, which are, in principle, absent from stacked sections and constitute unwanted artifacts in migration processes. Magnetic permeability is used as a free parameter to obtain a constant impedance model and avoid multiple reflections. The reflection strength is then implicit in the source strength. Moreover, the method generates normal-incidence reflections, i.e. those having identical downgoing and upgoing wave paths.Exploding reflector experiments provide correct travel times of diffraction and reflection events, in contrast to the plane-wave method.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: exploding reflector ; zero-offset section ; GPR modeling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods
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    Application of an ensemble earthquake rate model in Italy, considering seismic catalogs and fault moment release (2020)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: We develop an ensemble earthquake rate model that provides spatially variable time-independent (Poisson) long-term annual occurrence rates of seismic events throughout Italy, for magnitude bin of 0.1 units from Mw ≥4.5 in spatial cells of 0.1° x 0.1°. We weighed seismic activity rates of smoothed seismicity and fault-based inputs to build our earthquake rupture forecast model, merging it into a single ensemble model. Both inputs adopt a tapered Gutenberg-Richter relation with a single b-value and a single corner magnitude estimated by earthquakes catalog. The spatial smoothed seismicity was obtained using the classical kernel smoothing method with the inclusion of magnitude dependent completeness periods applied to the Historical (CPTI15) and Instrumental seismic catalogs. For each seismogenic source provided by the Database of the Individual Seismogenic Sources (DISS), we computed the annual rate of the events above Mw4.5, assuming that the seismic moments of the earthquakes generated by each fault are distributed according to the tapered Gutenberg-Richter relation with the same parameters of the smoothed seismicity models. Comparing seismic annual rates of the catalogs with those of the seismogenic sources, we realized that there is a good agreement between these rates in Central Apennines zones, whereas the seismogenic rates are higher than those of the catalogs in the north east and south of Italy. We also tested our model against the strong Italian earthquakes (Mw5.5+), in order to check if the total number (N-test) and the spatial distribution (S-test) of these events was compatible with our model, obtaining good results, i.e. high p-values in the test. The final model will be a branch of the new Italian seismic hazard map.
    Description: Published
    Description: SE674
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Multidisciplinary study of the “Salinelle" of Paternò mud volcanoes: characteristics of the fluids and possible correlations with Mt. Etna activity (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-07
    Description: Monitoring of hydrothermal fluid emissions can provide detailed information about convective upwelling of geothermal fluids and their geochemical characteristics, as a function of tectonic stress or deeper gas input. In particular, at the Salinelle of Mt. Etna Geosite (Paternò and Belpasso, Eastern Sicily) natural emissions mainly consist of a fluid phase made of salty water, mud, gas and liquid hydrocarbons from an admixture of magmatic and hydrothermal gases. In this framework, our study mainly focused on the thermal and geochemical monitoring of hydrothermal fluids of the most active site, Salinelle dei Cappuccini. Nearby hydrothermal vents (Salinelle del Fiume; Salinelle di San Biagio), were also investigated. Analysis of the magnitude and frequency of seismic events all around Mt. Etna were conducted as well. Analysis of daily temperatures showed a constant trend: higher values (〉 35° C) within the first monitoring period, followed by a strong decrease (down to 9° C), and a new gradual increase over the following months. This trend seems to be linked to magmatic processes occurring at depth below Mt. Etna, and could lead to a modification of the geochemical and thermal characteristics of the fluids issuing at the mud-pools and gas vents of Salinelle. The higher the frequency of seismic events corresponding to higher daily energy released, the higher fluid temperatures observed. Understanding how these fluids blend and what is their relationship with Mt. Etna volcanism can be of great importance in forecasting new eruptive cycles in the case they precede changes in volcanic activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: GD670
    Description: 7A. Geofisica per il monitoraggio ambientale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Salinelle ; Mud volcanoes ; Mt. Etna ; Geothermal fluids ; Hydrothermal fluid emissions ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
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    La geoelettrica capacitiva. Una tecnica speditiva per l’esplorazione geofisica del sottosuolo (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-04
    Description: In recent years, the remarkable technological growth in the field of applied geophysics has undoubtedly been favored by the marked instrumental innovation that allowed the use of fast and easydeployable techniques as well as to improve the quality of the measured data. Capacitivecoupled resistivity tomography (CCR) is a geophysical prospecting technique that rapidly provides the electrical resistivity distribution of the subsoil along 2D acquisition profiles, as no galvanic contact is needed and sensors can be dragged over the surface. In this work, we present a series of results required by applying this technique in various contexts ranging from archaeological studies and geological and environmental applications also in urban contexts. We also show that recovered resistivity models are comparable with those obtained with the more laborious galvanic electrical measurements. We will explore not only the advantages of the technique in providing useful subsurface information but also the disadvantages and its main limitations.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-36
    Description: 7A. Geofisica per il monitoraggio ambientale
    Description: 7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: 7TM.Sviluppo e Trasferimento Tecnologico
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Capacitive resistivity; OhmMapper; electrical resistivity tomography; ; applied geophysics for environmental, archaeological and geological applications
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    Utilizzo preliminare del failure forecast method sui dati GPS di spostamento orizzontale registrati nella caldera dei Campi Flegrei dal 2011 al 2020 (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-20
    Description: In questo studio, usando il failure forecast method si fornisce una stima preliminare del failure time dei segnali di unrest della caldera dei Campi Flegrei, concentrandoci sul dato di deformazione orizzontale registrato in 11 stazioni GPS nel periodo [2011, 2020]. In particolare, si applica un approccio probabilistico che modifica il metodo classico incorporando un rumore stocastico nelle equazioni linearizzate e una proprietà di mean reversion per modularne gli effetti. La formulazione stocastica permette di analizzare i dati registrati in ca. 10 anni di monitoraggio, includendo, tramite il rumore, gli effetti della dinamica variabile che caratterizza l’unrest della caldera. Si forniscono previsioni temporali con quantificazione dell’incertezza, cioè informazioni su un intervallo di possibili failure times.
    Description: Published
    Description: 135-139
    Description: 6SR VULCANI – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: N/A or not JCR
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    BodiesGenerator - A new GaMField integrated tool to improve potential field data generation (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-22
    Description: GaMField is a freely available integrated system tool, released in 2011 and upgraded in 2018, able to construct and visualize subsurface 3-D sources and to compute their gravimetric and magnetic effects. Since its first release, scientists and users worldwide have provided feedback and requested to implement new features. In this paper I describe a new tool named “BodiesGenerator”. This tool is an add-on to GaMField package which provides the possibility to quickly generate more articulate geometry bodies.
    Description: Published
    Description: GM668
    Description: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Misure sismometriche di noise ambientale e di una esplosione sotterranea alla miniera di Sos Enattos (Nuoro): analisi preliminari. (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-19
    Description: This paper describes the preliminary results of seismic survey performed in the area of Sos­Enattos mine (Lula, NU), by installing a linear array consisting of five short­term mobile stations. The aim was to acquire both environmental seismic noise signals and signals from an active seismic source generated by the blast of explosive charges placed inside the mine. The spectral analyses of seismic noise highlight the presence of a dominant low­frequency peak due to the marine microsism. A propagation velocity of P waves equal to 4500 m/s was estimated by analyzing the first arrivals of the seismic signal deriving from the explosion. Finally, using techniques of analysis of the local seismic response it was possible to obtain preliminary indications on the structure of the subsoil.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-18
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: N/A or not JCR
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    Indoor height determination of the new absolute gravimetric station of L'Aquila (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-16
    Description: In this paper we describe all the field operations and the robust post-processing procedures to determine the height of the new absolute gravimetric station purposely selected to belong to a new absolute gravimetric network and located in the Science Faculty of the L’Aquila University (Italy). This site has been realized indoor in the Geomagnetism laboratory, so that the height cannot be measured directly, but linking it to the GNSS antenna of AQUI benchmark located on the roof of the same building, by a classical topographic survey. After the topographic survey, the estimated height difference between AQUI and the absolute gravimetric site AQUIg is 14.970 ± 0.003 m. At the epoch of the 2018 gravimetric measurements, the height of AQUI GNSS station was 712.974 ± 0.003 m, therefore the estimated ellipsoidal height of the gravimetric site at the epoch of gravity measurements is 698.004 ± 0.005 m. Absolute gravity measurements are referred to the equipotential surface of gravity field, so that the knowledge of the geoidal undulation at AQUIg allows us to infer the orthometric height as 649.32 m.
    Description: Published
    Description: GD662
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Damage scenario of the earthquake on 23 July 1930 in Melfi: the contribution of technical documentation (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-18
    Description: As regards the 1930 Irpinia earthquake a detailed research both on the institutional response to the seismic event in Vulture area and reconstruction of the damage scenario for the town of Melfi has been performed. This study was carried out by an analysis of coeval dossiers drawn up by the Special Office of Civil Engineers, which was set up after the earthquake. The research brought to light the typologies and the modalities of the institutional actions taken during the post-seismic period. In general, these territorial interventions had a notable effect on urban systems, especially those involving both the partial shifting of urban areas and the construction of earthquake-proof buildings. The research also identified the damage pattern in Melfi by a deeper study on about 2400 archive files. A preliminary analysis of the damage pattern indicates probable seismic amplification phenomena due to the lithological and geomorphological features of the site. Moreover, the analysis of time-dependent activities of reconstruction has shown that almost all the buildings of the town (90%) were repaired or reconstructed within five years after the seismic disaster.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismology ; damage scenario ; 1930 Irpinia earthquake ; seismic amplification ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Terremoti con effetti macrosismici in Sicilia orientale nel periodo Gennaio 2006 - Dicembre 2008 (2010)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: The macroseismic surveys of earthquakes occurred in Sicily during the time-span 2006-2008, are hereinafter presented. Analysed data mainly concern events located in the volcanic region of Mt. Etna, together with other regional shocks which have produced relevant macroseismic effects in northern and southern Sicily. Data have been collected following the guidelines of the QUEST working group (QUick Earthquake Survey Team, and then processed according to the procedures used for compiling the catalogue and macroseismic database issued in the framework of the TTC (Transversely Coordinated Theme) 5.1 “Banche dati e metodi macrosismici” of INGV.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-37
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: macroseismic data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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    DBMI04, il database delle osservazioni macrosismiche dei terremoti italiani utilizzate per la compilazione del catalogo parametrico CPTI04 (2007)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: This paper describes the main features of the Macroseismic Database of Italy 2004, which for the first time put together in a critical way the macroseismic data used for the compilation of the CPTI04 (2004) parametric earthquake catalogue. Data come from varied main datasets: i) DOM4.1 (Monachesi e Stucchi, 1997); ii) CFTI version 2 (Boschi et al., 1997) and, for the time-window 1980-2002, CFTI version 3 (Boschi et al., 2000); iii) Bollettino Macrosismico ING (BMING); iv) Catalogo Macrosismico dei Terremoti Etnei, Azzaro et al. (2000; 2002). In addition, data from recent historical and field investigation were also used. DBMI04 contains 58146 macroseismic observations related to 1041 earthquakes and 14161 localities, 12943 of which in Italy. The input data used for the compilation of DBMI04 were not homogeneous with respect to the use of the intensity scale and, mainly, to geographical reference. One of the main task was the organisation of a reliable geographical reference, based on the previous ENEL-ISTAT catalogue of the Italian localities (ENEL, 1978), which was updated by means of new data. Another task consisted in correcting some mistakes performed when associating the placenames quoted by the historical sources and the geographical reference. Some problems were solved using ad hoc conventions for dealing with observations not expressed in terms of macroseismic intensity. This paper presents the adopted solutions and the results, together with the web-interface through which the database is made available to the public (http://emidius.mi.ingv.it/DBMI04/).
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-39
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: database ; macrosismico ; terremoti ; storici ; intensità ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Scintillations effects on satellite to Earth links for telecommunication and navigation purposes (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-17
    Description: Radio wave scintillations are rapid fluctuations in both amplitude and phase of signals propagating through the atmosphere. GPS signals can be affected by these disturbances which can lead to a complete loss of lock when the electron density strongly fluctuates around the background ionization level at small spatial scales. This paper will present recent improvements to the theoretical Global Ionospheric Scintillation Model (GISM), particularly tailored for satellite based navigation systems such GPS coupled with Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS). This model has been improved in order to take into account GPS constellation, signals, and receiver response to ionospheric scintillation environments. A new modelling technique, able to describe the scintillation derived modifications of transionospheric propagating fields is shown. Results from GPS derived experimental measurements performed at high and low magnetic latitudes will show preliminary assessments of the scintillation impact on real receivers and system operations. Nevertheless, comparisons between theoretical scintillation models, such as WBMOD and GISM, with GPS derived experimental data will be shown.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques
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    A different approach to the analysis of GPS scintillation data (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-17
    Description: Amplitude scintillation data from GPS were analyzed. The objective is to estimate the impact of ionospheric scintillations at Satellite Based Augmentation Systems Ranging and Integrity Monitoring Station (SBAS RIMS) level and at GPS user level. For this purpose, a new approach to the problem was considered. Data were studied from the point of view of the impact of scintillations on the calculation of VTEC at pierce points and ionospheric grid points. An ionospheric grid of 5° 5° surface squares was assumed. From geometrical considerations and taking into account the basic principle to compute VTEC at grid points, with the data analyzed it is shown that scintillations very seldom affect the calculation of a grid point VTEC. Data from all the RIMS and for the entire GPS satellites network must be analyzed simultaneously to describe a realistic scenario for the impact of scintillations on SBAS. Finally, GPS scintillation data were analyzed at user level: service availability problems were encountered.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ionospheric scintillations ; GPS scintillation monitor ; SBAS ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques
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    Una stazione multiparametrica per il monitoraggio delle aree vulcaniche (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-28
    Description: I vulcani sono sistemi estremamente complessi e la loro investigazione è resa ancora più difficile dal fatto che i principali processi si verificano al loro interno e che poi portano ad eruzioni vulcaniche, non sono direttamente accessibili all’osservazione. Nondimeno i vulcani meritano una grande attenzione non solo per gli aspetti strettamente legati alla fisica dei processi eruttivi ma anche, e soprattutto, per la grande preoccupazione legata al loro potenziale enorme potere distruttivo. Questo è particolarmente vero nella regione Campania dove due dei vulcani più pericolosi al mondo, Vesuvio e Campi Flegrei, rappresentano una minaccia per milioni di abitanti. La sorveglianza dei vulcani campani è portata avanti dall’Osservatorio Vesuviano, sede INGV di Napoli, attraverso reti sismiche, e non solo, che si sono sviluppate nel corso degli anni. Questi vulcani sono quindi già sorvegliati multiparametrici; su di essi infatti sono presenti, giusto per dare qualche esempio, reti sismiche/accelerometriche [Orazi et al., 2013, 2018, Galluzzo et al., 2018, La Rocca and Galluzzo, 2015], reti tiltmetriche [Ricco et al., 2013] e reti geodetiche [De Martino et al., 2014a e b; Iannaccone et al., 2018]. Lo sviluppo nel tempo delle reti di monitoraggio però è avvenuto in modo quasi indipendente per motivi di natura tecnologica e/o di natura logistica. Avere siti multiparametrici sui vulcani è di fondamentale importanza perché ci permette di osservare in uno stesso punto l’evoluzione nel tempo di tipi diversi di segnali, e di conseguenza di comprendere meglio la dinamica del vulcano. Mentre non è sempre semplice trovare un sito che soddisfi le esigenze di ciascuna rete (trasmissione, accesso ai satelliti, esposizione, e così via), è più immaginabile trovare soluzioni tecnologiche comuni che permettano di utilizzare strumentazioni e protocolli unici per acquisire più tipi di segnali in un unico punto. Una soluzione tecnologica di questo tipo è stata trovata nel corso delle attività previste all’interno del progetto FISR “Sale operative integrate e reti di monitoraggio del futuro: l'INGV 2.0”, obiettivo WP2, che prevedeva l’irrobustimento e lo sviluppo della rete di rilevamento multiparametrico a scala nazionale anche aumentando il monitoraggio geochimico, attraverso le installazioni di radonometri. Per l’Osservatorio Vesuviano, dunque, una stazione multiparametrica è rappresentata dalla coesistenza di una stazione sismo-tiltmetrica, una stazione GNSS ed una stazione di misurazione del Radon, installate in logica di alta affidabilità.
    Description: Published
    Description: 81-85
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Stazione sismica multiparametrica ; Rete di monitoraggio
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    SR ISOTOPIC MICROANALYSIS AT THE RADIOGENIC ISOTOPE LABORATORY OF THE ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA E VULCANOLOGIA, SEZIONE DI NAPOLI - OSSERVATORIO VESUVIANO (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: Mechanical sampling, conventional dissolution and chemical separation, followed by analysis using the TIMS (Thermal Ionisation Mass Spectrometry), is one of the best methods for highly accurate and precise determinations of Sr isotopic compositions in most geological materials over a wide range of Sr concentrations. Recent technological improvements have provided the opportunity to analyze Sr isotopic compositions at the scale of individual crystals and along core to rim transects of single minerals. Sr isotopic ratio variations, recorded from core to rim of a mineral grain, reflect the progressive changes, if any, in the composition of the magma from which the mineral has crystallized [e.g. Davidson et al., 2001, 2007; Francalanci et al., 2005]. Therefore, the relationship between isotopic variations and petrographic features can be used to constrain magma evolution pathways involving open system processes, such as magma mixing, contamination and recharge. Here we present the methodology that we have set up at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione di Napoli - Osservatorio Vesuviano (OV) for the precise analysis of ng-levels of Sr, purified either from single crystals or from microgram-sized solid samples, extracted from minerals in thin sections. Physical sampling has been performed by using a computer numerical control milling machine: the MicroMill™ manufactured by the New Wave™. The chemical procedures routinely adopted at the INGV-OV Radiogenic Isotope Laboratory for extracting Sr and Nd from natural samples, and the analytical methods for measuring their isotopic composition [Arienzo et al., 2013 and references therein], allowed us to develop and perform high precision analyses of single crystals and microgram-sized solid samples collected through this innovative microsampling methodologies. We also report the results of the analyses performed on a certified international standard in order to evaluate the quality of data produced by the INGV-OV Radiogenic Isotope Laboratory. In particular, we used the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SRM 987 standard, with Sr concentration of 3, 6, 12 ng/µl. Results obtained on single feldspar crystals from the Campanian Ignimbrite (39 ka) [Fisher et al., 1993; Civetta et al, 1997; De Vivo et al., 2001; Arienzo et al., 2009 and references therein] and the Agnano Monte Spina tephra (4690-4300 a cal BP) [de Vita et al., 1999; Blockley et al., 2008; Arienzo et al., 2010], are reported to test the quality of the whole analytical procedure.
    Description: INGV
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-20
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: SR ISOTOPIC MICROANALYSIS ; RADIOGENIC ISOTOPE LABORATORY
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    SR ISOTOPE ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES AT THE RADIOGENIC ISOTOPE LABORATORY OF THE ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA E VULCANOLOGIA, SEZIONE DI NAPOLI - OSSERVATORIO VESUVIANO (INGV-OV) (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: Since 2000, a Thermal Ionisation Mass Spectrometer (Thermo ScientificTM Triton TI® Mass Spectrometer) and a clean laboratory are operating at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione di Napoli, Osservatorio Vesuviano (OV) to measure strontium (Sr) and neodymium (Nd) isotope compositions of volcanic products for scientific purposes. In 2014 particular attention has been dedicated to set up the analytical procedure for extracting Sr and Nd and measuring their isotope compositions from groundwater and mineral water, due to its growing interest on environmental topics. Strontium is considered a trace element and Sr2+ preferentially substitutes for Ca2+ in most rock types since it geochemically behaves like calcium. Groundwater is enriched in Sr during water-rock interaction processes occurring within the saturated and/or unsaturated zones. Conversely, Sr is removed from water as a result of mineral precipitation and ion exchange reactions. The most common removal process is the coprecipitation of Sr2+ ions with calcium carbonate. However, this latter process does not fractionate Sr2+ [Faure and Powell, 1972]. Therefore, the Sr isotopic composition of groundwater records an integrated signal of water-rock interaction along flow path and dissolution/precipitation events, and can be used as a dynamic tracer to constrain subsurface flow in volcanic, non volcanic and geothermal areas. Water is a natural resource, which is renewed by different processes. The aforementioned geochemical processes and reactions with dissolving/precipitating minerals have a profound effect on water quality. Since the 1990s, Sr isotopes have been extensively used as a natural tracer of groundwater flow [Peterman and Stuckless, 1992; Bullen et al., 1996; Johnson and De Paolo, 1994; McNutt et al., 1990; McNutt, 2000; Frost et al., 2002; Gosselin et al., 2004; Klaus et al., 2007] because groundwater progressively acquires the 87Sr /86Sr isotopic ratio from the rocks with which it has interacted [Prasanna et al. 2009]. Furthermore, variable Sr isotope ratios and concentrations characterize different groundwater sources and are tracers of groundwater mixing [eg. Carucci et al., 2012]. In this work we present the first results obtained by analyzing the Sr isotope composition of two mineral waters, selected groundwater samples from Mt. Etna and a certified water sample from North America (National Research Council Canada - NRC, Certified Reference Materials - CRM TM-25.4). On the contrary, the Nd isotope ratios of such water samples have been not measured due to the low Nd content of the investigated samples. A statistically representative data set on certified international standards (NIST SRM 987, La Jolla and JNdi-1) was used to evaluate the quality of the analytical data produced at the INGVOV Radiogenic Isotope Laboratory since 2014. This methodological approach will allow us to isotopically characterize different water systems with the aim to trace back the water-rock interaction and mixing processes in different environments. This analytical procedure could be exported to other geological contests and applied to other types of waters (e.g. surface and thermal water).
    Description: INGV
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-20
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Sr isotope analysis of water ; Radiogenic Isotope Laboratory
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 47
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    Paleoearthquakes and slip rates of the North Tabriz Fault, NW Iran: preliminary results (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-16
    Description: The North Tabriz Fault is a major seismogenic fault in NW Iran. The last damaging earthquakes on this fault occurred in 1721, rupturing the southeastern fault segment, and in 1780, rupturing the northwestern one. The understanding of the seismic behavior of this fault is critical for assessing the hazard in Tabriz, one of the major cities of Iran; the city suffered major damage in both the 1721 and 1780 events. Our study area is located on the northwestern fault segment, west of the city of Tabriz. We performed geomorphic and trenching investigations, which allowed us to recognize evidence for repeated faulting events since the Late Pleistocene. From the trenches, we found evidence for at least four events during the past 3.6 ka, the most recent one being the 1780 earthquake. On the basis of different approaches, horizontal slip per event and slip rates are found in the ranges of 4 ± 0.5 m and 3.1-6.4 mm/yr, respectively. We also attempted an estimate of the average recurrence intervals which appears to be in the range 350-1430 years, with a mean recurrence interval of 821 ± 176 years. On the basis of these results, the northwestern segment of the North Tabriz Fault does not appear to present a major seismic potential for the near future, however, not enough is known about the southeastern segment of the fault to make a comparable conclusion.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: active tectonics ; paleoseismology ; Iran Tabriz ; earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
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    Evidence of historical seismicity and volcanism in the Armenian Highland (from Armenian and other sources) (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: This work presents a summary on the development of studies of historical earthquakes in Armenia and adjacent parts of Turkey and Iran. Since ancient times, this region has been an arena where active geodynamic and seismic history intermingled with no less active and dynamic evolution of human cultures and societies. A long-term historical record in this region beginning as early as the 8th century B.C. provides abundant evidence that can make an inestimable contribution to studies of historical seismicity and volcanism in the area. We discuss the main research methodology and sources used, and dwell on the principal catalogues of historical earthquakes compiled to date.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismicity ; volcanism ; catalogue ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Type: article
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  • 49
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    Rilievi geologici nell’area epicentrale della sequenza sismica dell’Aquilano del 6 aprile 2009 (2010)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-03
    Description: Il 6 Aprile 2009 un terremoto di Ml=5.8 (Mw=6.2) ha colpito L’Aquila e la media valle dell’Aterno in Abruzzo. In questo lavoro presentiamo in maniera sintetica i rilievi geologici effettuati in campagna dal gruppo di lavoro EmerGeo a seguito della sequenza sismica aquilana. Le attività di rilevamento condotte sono consistite principalmente nella verifica, definizione e caratterizzazione delle deformazioni cosismiche superficiali osservate lungo le strutture tettoniche note in letteratura; sono stati inoltre rilevati e riportati altri effetti cosismici locali (fratture su asfalto, frane e scivolamenti) non direttamente collegati alla presenza di strutture tettoniche. In totale sono stati rilevati oltre 300 punti di osservazione su una porzione di territorio estesa circa 900 km2. L’analisi preliminare dei rilievi effettuati indica che le rotture osservate lungo la faglia di Paganica, per la continuità e le caratteristiche, rappresentano l’espressione superficiale della faglia responsabile dell’evento del 6 aprile 2009, e che le rotture lungo le faglie di Bazzano e di Monticchio-Fossa possono rappresentare l’espressione in superficie di una struttura antitetica riattivata durante l’evento.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-79
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: coseismic ruptures ; Central Apennines ; April, 6 2009 earthquake ; Aterno valley ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
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  • 50
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    Terremoti in relazione a fenomeni elettrici e magnetici (Milne, 1890). Traduzione commentata. (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-18
    Description: Questa è una traduzione commentata del raro documento citato da oltre un secolo di bibliografia come “Milne, 1890”. Si è studiato il testo per verificare la realisticità di alcune recenti affermazioni sul fatto che questo rapporto (oggi difficilmente reperibile) avesse trattato per la prima volta di precursori elettromagnetici. Si è cercato di indagare su ogni episodio e personaggio, identificando i criptici (e a volte inesistenti) riferimenti bibliografici, rintracciando quasi tutti i testi, ampliando e commentando spesso le relative citazioni. La mia opinione è che nessuno all’epoca di Milne avesse consapevolmente, ma forse nemmeno accidentalmente, osservato un precursore di origine elettromagnetica. I fenomeni descritti sono studiati da un punto di vista puramente elettrico o magnetico. I segnali elettrici riguardano tensioni e correnti troppo alte. I fenomeni magnetici già all’epoca furono contestati come prodotti di effetti inerziali ma comunque è difficile pensare che la componente campo magnetico di un segnale EM possa deviare stabilmente l’ago di una bussola. Questa stessa ricerca ha tuttavia portato alla luce qualche altro caso sospetto che sarebbe opportuno indagare in modo più approfondito, in quanto potrebbe risultare realmente il primo caso documentabile dell’osservazione di un precursore elettromagnetico del terremoto.
    Description: This is a commented translation of the rare document cited by more than a century of bibliography as "Milne, 1890". The text was studied to verify the veracity of some recent claims that this report (presently difficult to find) had dealt with electromagnetic precursors for the first time. An attempt was made to investigate each episode and character, identifying the cryptic (and sometimes non-existent) bibliographic references, tracing almost all the texts, often expanding and commenting on the relative citations. My opinion is that no one, at the time of Milne, had consciously, but maybe not even accidentally, observed a precursor of electromagnetic origin. The phenomena described are studied from either a purely electrical or magnetic point of view. Electrical signals concern too high voltages and currents. Magnetic phenomena, already at the time, were contested as products of inertial effects, but in any case it is difficult to think that the magnetic field component of an EM signal can permanently deflect the needle of a compass. However this same research has brought to light some other potentially interesting cases that should be investigated further. One of them, could actually be the first documentable case of the observation of an electromagnetic seismic precursor.
    Description: Progetto INGV “Pianeta Dinamico” (codice progetto INGV 1020.010) finanziato dal MIUR ("Fondo finalizzato al rilancio degli investimenti delle amministrazioni centrali dello Stato e allo sviluppo del Paese", legge 145/2018).
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-48
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Earthquake ; electric precursors ; magnetic precursors ; precursorori ; terremoto ; electromagnetic precursors ; precursori elettromagnetici ; John Milne ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues
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    STIMA DEL TASSO DI DEFORMAZIONE ATTRAVERSO LO STRETTO DI MESSINA DALLA COMBINAZIONE DI RETI DI STAZIONI GPS PERMANENTI E NON-PERMANENTI (2008)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-27
    Description: In this paper we show results from the combinantion of GPS and CGPS data to estimate the velocity and strain fields across the Messina Straits. Data from CGPS networks of ASI, RING and ITALPOS together with GPS data collected since 1980 during repeated campaigns and recently in the frame of the "Progetto Messina" funded by DPC, are discussed and interpreted to improve the current kinematics of this seismic area.
    Description: Published
    Description: Reggio Calabria
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: open
    Keywords: GPS, Stretto di Messina ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 52
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    Servizio DynDNS@INGV per le stazioni sismiche (2020)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-16
    Description: This paper describe the implementation of a Dynamic DNS Service, realized inside INGV, used by seismic stations using an internet connection with variable IP address, to definitively solve the problem of using a private provider, not fully compliant to INGV working needed or too expensive, in their business solution. The realized system solves different issues verified, primarily about unavailability of request domain name, limits on account management and the service’s purchase, offering an easy control system for end users.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-18
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: dyndns ; webapp ; bind9
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  • 53
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    Recent changes in rainfalland air temperature at Agnone(Molise - Central Italy) (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-20
    Description: An exhaustive daily rainfall and extreme air temperature series (1883-2000) was reconstructed for Agnone, a small town in Molise (Central Italy). Long-term analysis identified an increasing trend of 1.3 ± 0.4°C per 100 years, statistically confident at the 95% level, only for minimum air temperature, and of a seasonal march, reasonably stationary along the entire investigated interval, explaining more than 50% of the corresponding monthly variance, with maxima in November and July for rainfall and air temperature, respectively. Daily clustering analysis evidenced scale-invariant properties, largely dependent on the threshold value, for all the investigated parameters.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Molise Region ; climatic change ; longterm instrumental series ; fractal analysis ; the Cantor dust method ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Chemical and isotopic signature of groundwater in the Santa Ninfa karst system and possible inferences on neotectonics (2020)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-17
    Description: The Santa Ninfa karst system is an area strongly controlled by tectonics, whose intense fracturing gave rise to the formation of a large number of cavities that foster the drainage of water. The hydrogeochemical characters of groundwater circulating in this aquifer, together with its isotopic signature, were investigated in detail. The chemistry of groundwater reflects the nature of the rocks hosting the aquifers, constituted by primary and diagenetic selenitic gypsum, salts, and gypsum-arenite, whose dissolution is responsible of the geochemical fingerprint of the quasi-totality of the samples. A single site (CAM) is characterised by a different chemical composition, indicating a mixing between Ca-sulphate, Ca-bicarbonate and a NaCl-rich water. From the chemical point of view, no evidence of interaction between shallow groundwater and deep fluids has been detected. Conversely, isotopic fluctuations highlight mixing processes between surficial (evaporated) runoff and groundwater. Different mixing proportion among these endmembers can be reflected in variations of the chemical character of the sampled springs. Changes in mixing proportions can be the effect of differential permeability variations, in turn produced by local stress field changes during seismogenic processes. In this scenario the geochemical monitoring of the Santa Ninfa karst aquifer could be of relevant interest in the study of seismogenic processes in this area, with particular reference to the relationship between seismic and geochemical transients.
    Description: Published
    Description: SE102
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Hydrogeochemistry ; Gypsum karst system ; Neotectonics, ; Groundwater. ; 03.02. Hydrology
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    An analysis of the first-arrival times picked on the DSS and wide-angle seismic section recorded in Italy since 1968 (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: We performed an analysis of refraction data recorded in Italy since 1968 in the frame of the numerous deep seismic sounding and wide-angle reflection/refraction projects. The aims of this study are to construct a parametric database including the recording geometric information relative to each profile, the phase pickings and the results of some kinematic analyses performed on the data, and to define a reference 1D velocity model for the Italian territory from all the available refraction data. As concerns the first goal, for each seismic section we picked the P-wave first-arrival-times, evaluated the uncertainties of the arrival-times pickings and determined from each travel time-offset curve the 1D velocity model. The study was performed on 419 seismic sections. Picking was carried out manually by an algorithm which includes the computation of three picking functions and the picking- error estimation. For each of the travel time-offset curves a 1D velocity model has been calculated. Actually, the 1D velocity-depth functions were estimated in three different ways which assume: a constant velocitygradient model, a varying velocity-gradient model and a layered model. As regards the second objective of this work, a mean 1D velocity model for the Italian crust was defined and compared with those used for earthquake hypocentre locations and seismic tomographic studies by different institutions operating in the Italian area, to assess the significance of the model obtained. This model can be used in future works as input for a next joint tomographic inversion of active and passive seismic data.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: DSS and WARR profiles ; P-wave firstarrivals ; 1D velocity models ; database
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  • 56
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    Giorgio Fiocco: a jolly good fellow and his research (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-18
    Description: In celebrating the 70th birthday of Giorgio Fiocco we recall that his scientific production includes some pioneering work in a number of fi elds where he set important milestones. In particular, several of his papers represent the first published evidence in certain fi elds and triggered such a large fl ow of research, new developments and new paper production that the original source is almost forgotten. Here the topics where his contribution was of pioneering importance are briefly recalled and his original works cited.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: atmosphere ; lidar ; aerosol ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    GPS scintillations and total electron content climatology in the southern low, middle and high latitude regions (2013)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: In recent years, several groups have installed high-frequency sampling receivers in the southern middle and high latitude regions, to monitor ionospheric scintillations and the total electron content (TEC) changes. Taking advantage of the archive of continuous and systematic observations of the ionosphere on L-band by means of signals from the Global Positioning System (GPS), we present the first attempt at ionospheric scintillation and TEC mapping from Latin America to Antarctica. The climatology of the area considered is derived through Ground-Based Scintillation Climatology, a method that can identify ionospheric sectors in which scintillations are more likely to occur. This study also introduces the novel ionospheric scintillation 'hot-spot' analysis. This analysis first identifies the crucial areas of the ionosphere in terms of enhanced probability of scintillation occurrence, and then it studies the seasonal variation of the main scintillation and TEC-related parameters. The results produced by this sophisticated analysis give significant indications of the spatial/ temporal recurrences of plasma irregularities, which contributes to the extending of current knowledge of the mechanisms that cause scintillations, and consequently to the development of efficient tools to forecast space-weather-related ionospheric events.
    Description: Published
    Description: R0220
    Description: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Description: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Scintillations ; Dynamics ; Solar-terrestrial interaction ; Space weather ; Statistical analysis ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.07. Scintillations ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.02. Space weather
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    The Earth Lab 5s (ETL3D/5s) seismic sensor. Design and test (2020)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-26
    Description: This work presents a new low cost and low power consumption wide-band (5s) three-component seismic sensor, named ETL3D/5s. The sensor is suitable for seismic regional monitoring (local and regional earthquakes), HVSR measurements, seismic microzonation studies and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of civil structures. ETL3D/5s includes a set of three 4.5 Hz geophones and an electronic circuit that in-creases thegeophone’s natural period. The sensor exhibits a period of 5 s and a power consumption as low as 75 mW. Changes in ambient temperature have little effect on the frequency response because a temperature compensation system is also implemented. A small and sturdy cylindrical housing contains the electronic boards and geophones. The housing design was supported by a modal FEM analysis, in order not to affect the frequency response. The chosen materials and parts guarantee protection against atmospheric agents and watertightness (IP67 degree). The sensor noise model, partially confirmed by a field test, predicts a powerspectral density of 10 (nm/s)/√Hz at 1Hz.
    Description: Published
    Description: DM215
    Description: 7TM.Sviluppo e Trasferimento Tecnologico
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismic sensors ; Lippman method ; Low cost seismology ; Induced seismicity ; Building monitoring ; Urban Seismic Observatory ; FEM modal analysis
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    Brevi studi di Sismologia Storica (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-04
    Description: This work illustrates the research on three “moderate” seismic events occurred between the seventeenth and the nineteenth century. The first one had most of its effects at the foot of the Euganean Hills, a zone of low-intensity rate. The second one was felt in a large zone, from Veneto to Marche with slight damage in some hamlets of Romagna. Both can be considered as “new entries” in the seismic Italian history. Also, the last earthquake was felt in a wide area and struck particularly Romagna’s hills and Imola. This event is also reported in the CPTI15 catalogue but the new documents allowed us to improve its macroseismic scenario.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-34
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Studio e rivalutazione del terremoto di Sulmona del 25 agosto 1905 (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-04
    Description: Questo lavoro si focalizza sul processo di revisione dei dati macrosismici del terremoto del 25 agosto 1905 che colpì Sulmona e più in generale la Valle Peligna. Il terremoto è attualmente descritto nel Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti Italiani [CPTI15, Rovida et al., 2019] con una magnitudo momento Mw 4.8 e intensità epicentrale Io pari a 6. Lo studio di riferimento citato nel CPTI15 è uno studio preliminare dell’Archivio Macrosismico GNDT [Monachesi e Castelli, 1995] e come tale si presta utilmente a essere oggetto di revisione in quanto datato e inevitabilmente carente di informazioni dato il suo carattere di studio iniziale. Partendo dallo stato dell’arte e dalla rivisitazione delle fonti note, verranno esposti i risultati che le nuove ricerche hanno evidenziato. Il prodotto ottenuto è un deciso e significativo incremento della conoscenza del terremoto del 1905 che ben si evidenzia nel nuovo piano quotato dell’evento che si comporrà di 67 località (contro le 29 del precedente), a 41 delle quali è stato possibile assegnare un grado d’intensità (contro le 22 precedenti).
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-38
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: N/A or not JCR
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    L’INGV a “L’Isola di Einstein” (Lago Trasimeno): giocando con la scienza (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-07
    Description: The “L’Isola di Einstein” is a unique festival in Europe, of scientific games and shows. The protagonists are experiments, natural phenomena and scientific histories enjoying, intriguing and thrilling a wide range of people. International artists, disseminators, scientists and storytellers are able to fascinate the audience sharing the passion of the discovery. The INGV contributes to this Event presenting volcanological and seismological laboratories and games for all aged people.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-22
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: N/A or not JCR
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    Cambiamenti tecnologici e fattore umano: specifiche necessità degli Operatori di Sala (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-14
    Description: Nell’ambito del Progetto “S.O.I.R. monitoraggio futuro”, si è ritenuto indispensabile identificare eventuali criticità connesse all’utilizzo in Sala dei nuovi software attraverso un questionario costruito ad hoc, privilegiando l’aspetto umano degli Operatori di Sala (turnisti e reperibili). Un tale approccio consente di realizzare un sistema che, oltre a basarsi sulle tecnologie in progress (quali sviluppo di sistemi in cloud per il backup ed il disaster recovery delle tre Sale Operative dell’ONT, dell’OV e dell’OE), possa soddisfare a pieno le esigenze di chi lavora in Sala. In letteratura esistono alcuni lavori su “osservatori vulcanologici”; un’ottima sintesi dell’analisi è quella fornita da Pallister [Pallister et al., 2019; e referenze incluse] che racchiude le best practices da adottare nell’ambito degli osservatori vulcanologici. Esse sono state definite grazie a seminari a cui hanno contribuito rappresentanti di molti osservatori vulcanologici del mondo per condividere informazioni sul funzionamento dei loro istituti. Non esistono invece lavori in cui si chiede agli operatori delle Sale Operative quali siano i loro bisogni e le loro esigenze riguardo gli strumenti che gli vengono forniti. Pertanto, in questo lavoro, ci si è concentrati proprio sull’aspetto umano degli operatori di Sala, concordando sul fatto che le strutture più efficienti sono quelle che riescono a mantenere un clima interno sereno, partecipativo e soddisfacente [Spagnoli et al., 2019; e referenze incluse]. Lo strumento d’indagine usato è stato un questionario somministrato on­line con un modulo Google. I destinatari sono stati gli operatori della Sala di Monitoraggio dell’OV di cui: 51 turnisti tra tecnici e ricercatori, oltre a 3 reperibili vulcanologi e 1 reperibile sismologo che non svolgono turni, per un totale di 55 operatori le cui generalità sono rimaste anonime. Tale questionario è composto da 24 domande di cui: una parte di quelle chiuse sono state costruite secondo una scala Likert [Likert,1932] di accordo/disaccordo a 5 punti, altre domande sono a scelta multipla e solo una è a risposta aperta. Pertanto, alla fine si è optato per un metodo di analisi sia quantitativo che qualitativo [Avvisati et al., comunicazione personale; Ritchie et al., 2013]. Per la costruzione del questionario sono stati individuati i principali items atti a comprendere qualunque criticità che possa emergere dalle attuali operazioni quotidiane che si compiono durante un turno in Sala indagando sulla: 1) semplicità e fruibilità dei software e strumentazione; 2) qualità della documentazione/manualistica e comprensione delle linee guida; 3) conoscenza di alcune nozioni e azioni da compiere; 4) autovalutazione relativa alla formazione ed informazione ricevuta per le attività in Sala.
    Description: Published
    Description: 166-170
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: cambiamenti tecnologici ; fattore umano
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    The SEISMOFAULTS project: First surveys and preliminary results for the Ionian Sea area, Southern Italy (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Description: The SEISMOFAULTS project (www.seismofaults.it) was set up in 2016 with the general plan of exploring the seismicity of marine areas using deep seafloor observatories. The activity of the first two years (Seismofaults 2017 and 2018) consisted of the installation of a geophysical-geochemical temporary monitoring network over the Ionian Sea floor. Eleven ocean-bottom seismometers with hydrophones (OBS/H) and two seafloor geochemical-geophysical multiparametric observatories were deployed to: (1) identify seismically active faults; (2) identify potential geochemical precursors of earthquakes; and (3) understand possible cause–effect relationships between earthquakes and submarine slides. Furthermore, five gravity cores were collected from the Ionian Sea bottom and ~4082 km of geophysical acquisition, including multibeam and single channel seismic reflection data, were acquired for a total of 4970 km2 high-resolution multibeam bathymetry. Using Niskin bottles, four water column samples were collected: two corresponding at the location of the two multiparametric observatories (i.e., along presumably-active fault zones), one corresponding at a recently discovered mud volcano, and one located above a presumably-active fault zone away from the other three sites. Preliminary results show: (1) a significant improvement in the quality and quantity of seismological records; (2) endogenous venting from presumably active faults; (3) active geofluid venting from a recently-discovered mud volcano; and (4) the correct use of most submarine devices. Preliminary results from the SEISMOFAULTS project show and confirm the potential of multidisciplinary marine studies, particularly in geologically active areas like southern Italy and the Mediterranean Sea.
    Description: Published
    Description: SE326
    Description: 3A. Geofisica marina e osservazioni multiparametriche a fondo mare
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Earthquake; Ionian Sea; OBS.
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Instrumental seismicity of the Amatrice earthquake epicentral area: a review (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-12
    Description: This study presents a preliminary review of the instrumental seismicity of the Norcia-Amatrice area (central Italy) during the years preceding the on-going seismic sequence started on August 24th 2016 with a Mw 6.0 earthquake and occurred close to Accumoli village; a Mw 5.9 happened on October 26th, two months later, 3 km West of Visso and finally a Mw 6.5 on October 30th, 6 km North of Norcia, the largest earthquake recorded in Italy since the Mw 6.9 1980 Irpinia event. The clustering of earthquakes in time and space has been investigated by analysing seismic catalogs for the period 1981-2016, the CMT (Centroid Moment Tensor) catalogue and the TDMT (Time Domain Moment Tensor) solutions. The seismicity of this region is characterized by different types of activity: single events, minor sequences and swarms with hypocenters within the upper 15 km of the crust. A minor sequence on March 2007 (with maximum Mw 3.9 not followed by significant seismicity) affected the area East of Norcia close to the August 24th Mw 5.4 and close to the October 30th Mw 6.5. In the central area, near Accumoli, and in the southern sector close to Amatrice, minor seismic sequences occurred on February 2014 with a Ml 3.5 mainshock and on November 2013 with a Mw3.7 mainshock, respectively. We integrated hypocentral locations and fault plane solutions to give a first look at the main features of the instrumental seismicity compared to the present seismic sequence in order to relate seismicity patterns to the seismogenic structures of the target area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-8
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.07. Tectonophysics
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    Local stresses, dyke arrest and surface deformation in volcanic edificesand rift zones (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-15
    Description: Field studies indicate that nearly all eruptions in volcanic edifices and rift zones are supplied with magma through fractures (dykes) that are opened by magmatic overpressure. While (inferred) dyke injections are frequent during unrest periods, volcanic eruptions are, in comparison, infrequent, suggesting that most dykes become arrested at certain depths in the crust, in agreement with field studies. The frequency of dyke arrest can be partly explained by the numerical models presented here which indicate that volcanic edifices and rift zones consisting of rocks of contrasting mechanical properties, such as soft pyroclastic layers and stiff lava flows, commonly develop local stress fields that encourage dyke arrest. During unrest, surface deformation studies are routinely used to infer the geometries of arrested dykes, and some models (using homogeneous, isotropic half-spaces) infer large grabens to be induced by such dykes. Our results, however, show that the dyke-tip tensile stresses are normally much greater than the induced surface stresses, making it difficult to explain how a dyke can induce surface stresses in excess of the tensile (or shear) strength while the same strength is not exceeded at the (arrested) dyke tip. Also, arrested dyke tips in eroded or active rift zones are normally not associated with dyke-induced grabens or normal faults, and some dykes arrested within a few metres of the surface do not generate faults or grabens. The numerical models show that abrupt changes in Young's moduli(stiffnesses), layers with relatively high dyke-normal compressive stresses (stress barriers), and weak horizontal contacts may make the dyke-induced surface tensile stresses too small for significant fault or graben formation to occur in rift zones or volcanic edifices. Also, these small surface stresses may have no simple relation to the dyke geometry or the depth to its tip. Thus, for a layered crust with weak contacts, straightforward inversion of surface geodetic data may lead to unreliable geometries of arrested dykes in active rift zones and volcanic edifices.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: dyke injection ; dyke arrest ; crustalstresses ; crustal layering ; surface deformation ; volcanic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
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    eSWua: a tool to manage and access GNSS ionospheric data from mid-to-high latitudes (2013)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-16
    Description: The electronic space weather upper atmosphere (eSWua) is a hardware– software system that is based on measurements collected by instruments installed by the Upper Atmosphere Physics Group of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV, Italy). More recently, it has also included the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ionospheric scintillation and total electron content (TEC) monitor (GISTM) stations that are managed and operated by the University of Nottingham (UK). By visiting the eSWua website, it is possible to access the database that has been implemented to organize and manage the large amount of information acquired. The section of the database designed for the TEC and scintillation data has been designed to address the needs of the space weather community as well as of scientific users. Through the web tools, it is possible to visualize, plot, extract and download the data from each station. This interactive website is supported by a structured database, and it provides a powerful tool for the scientific and technological community in the field of telecommunications and space weather. At present, the data transmission procedure, the database population algorithm, the linear plot and polar plot visualization tools, the statistics page, and the user management system are fully operational. Web access to the data and tools has been realized to handle the data from the sites at low, mid and high latitudes. In this report, we present the results of the system for the GNSS data in the Arctic, the Antarctica, and the three GISTM stations operated by the University of Nottingham: Nottingham, Trondheim and Dourbes. Case studies of the efficacy of this system for scientific and application purposes are also presented and discussed.
    Description: Published
    Description: R0223
    Description: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Description: 5.4. Banche dati di geomagnetismo, aeronomia, clima e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Database ; GNSS ; Global positioning system ; Ionosphere ; Total electron content ; Ionospheric scintillation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.07. Scintillations ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.05. Collections
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    Seismological constraints on the intrusive mechanism leading the 2001 Etna eruption (2012)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: The 2001 Etna eruption occurred from July 17th to August 9th, 2001 and was preceded by several days of intense seismicity and ground deformation. We investigated the seismic activity recorded during November 2000 - June 2001 interval time preceding the eruption, to understand the meaning of the seismicity connected to the dike intrusion, that locally modified the stress field acting in the area. The earthquakes were recorded by the permanent local networks operating during that time and run by the Istituto Internazionale di Vulcanologia (IIV-CNR) and the Sistema POSEIDON. During the analyzed period, 683 earthquakes have been firstly localized by means of a 1D velocity model derived from Hirn et al., 1991 using the software HypoEllipse [Lahr, U. S. Geol. Survey, Open-File Report, 89/116, 81 pp., 1989]. In order to further improve the quality of the seismic dataset, we extracted 522 earthquakes with Gap less than 200°, Erh 〈 1.5 km, Erz 〈 2 km, RMS less than 0.5 sec, and a minimum number of S phases equal to 2. This latter seismic dataset was relocated using TomoDD code [Zhang and Thurber, BSSA, 93, 1875-1889. 2003] and a 3D velocity model [Patanè et al., Science, 313, 821- 823, 2006 after modified]. Using first motion polarity data, 3D fault plane solutions were computed by means of the software FPFIT [Reasenberg and Oppenheimer, U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report, 85/739, 109 pp, 1985]. Then, adopting restricted selection criteria (Npol more than 12; focal plane uncertainties less than 20°; number of solutions 〈 2; number of discrepancies less than 15%), we selected 116 FPSs. This dataset represented the input file for the stress and strain tensors computation using the inversion codes developed by Gephart and Forsyth,[ JGR 89: 9305-9320, 1984] and by Kostrov [Izv Acad Sci USSR Phys Solid Earth, 1, 23-40], respectively. On the basis of P and T axes distribution and the orientation of the main seismogenic stress and strain axes, we put some seismological constraints on the recharging phase leading to the 2001 Etna eruption.
    Description: Published
    Description: Salina
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna ; stress ; strain ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
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    Type: Oral presentation
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    Tremor-based real time monitoring and early warning on Etna Volcano (Italy): technical aspects and methods (2013)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-18
    Description: Twenty-five lava fountains occurred on Mt. Etna from January 2011 to April 2012. In summer 2012 volcanic activity resumed in a milder form within the Bocca Nuova crater, before it came to an essential halt in August 2012. All these unrests offer rich material for testing automatic procedures of data processing and alert systems, running 24/7, in the context of volcano surveillance. We focus on the seismic background radiation – volcanic tremor – which plays a key role in the monitoring of Mt. Etna. Since 2006 a multistation alert system has been established in the INGV operative centre of Catania exploiting STA/LTA ratios. Besides, also the spectral characteristics of the signal, which change correspondingly to the type of volcanic activity, can be exploited for warning purposes. Here we apply Self Organizing Maps and Fuzzy Clustering which offer an efficient way to visualize signal characteristics and its development with time. All these techniques allow to identify early stages of eruptive events, and automatically flag a critical status before this becomes evident in conventional monitoring techniques. Changes of tremor characteristics are related to the position of the source of the signal. The location of the sources exploits the distribution of the amplitudes across the seismic network. The locations were extremely useful for warning, throughout both the flank eruption in 2008 as well as the 2011 lava fountains, during which a clear migration of tremor sources towards the eruptive centres could be noticed in advance. The location of the sources completes the picture of an imminent volcanic unrest, and corroborates early warnings flagged by the changes of signal characteristics. Real time data processing requires computational efficiency, robustness of the methods and stability of data acquisition. The amplitude based multi-station approach is not sensitive to the failure of single stations and therefore offers a good stability. The single station approach, exploiting unsupervised classification techniques, limits logistic efforts, as only one or few key stations are necessary. Both strategies have proven to be insensitive to disturbances (undesired transients like earthquakes, noise, short gaps in the continuous data flow). False alarms were not encountered so far. Stable data acquisition and processing come with a properly designed data storage solution. The reliability of data storage and its access is a critical issue. A cluster architecture has been realized for failover protection, including a Storage Area Network system, which allow easy data access following predefined user policies. We present concepts of the software architectures deployed at INGV Osservatorio Etneo in order to implement this tremor-based multi approach system. We envisage the integration of seismic data and those originating from other scientific fields (e. g., volcano imagery, geochemistry, deformation, gravity, magneto-telluric). This will facilitate cross-checking of evidences encountered from the single data streams, in particular allow their immediate verification with respect to ground truth.
    Description: Published
    Description: Nicolosi (Catania, Italy)
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 5.6. TTC - Attività di Sala Operativa
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna, Volcanic tremor ; Volcano monitoring, Pattern recognition ; Self Organizing Map, Fuzzy clustering ; Data acquisition ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis
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    Type: Oral presentation
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    The first period of the 2002 Etna eruption (27 October-5 November): preliminary results (2005)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report on the first period of the 2002 Etna eruption started on 27th October and ended on 5th November, occurring 15 months after the end of the 2001 eruption. Volcanological and geochemical data are presented in order to characterize the complex intrusion mechanism that contemporaneously involved the NE and S flanks of the volcano. Preliminary data outline that two distinct magma intrusions fed the eruptive fissures. Strong fire fountain activity mainly from the S fissure, produced copious ash fall in eastern Sicily, causing prolonged closure of Catania and Reggio Calabria airports. Lava emitted from the NE fissure formed a 6.2 km long lava flow field that destroyed the tourist facilities of Piano Provenzana area and part of Linguaglossa pine forest.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-10
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Volcanic eruption ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
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    Type: article
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    Samuel Warren Carey - Commemorative memoir (2007)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: Emeritus Professor Samuel Warren Carey passed away on 20 March 2002 at age 90. He was born at Campbelltown, New South Wales on 1st November 1911, and attended school at the Canterbury Boys High School. Carey’s father was a printer, who became a public lecturer when he arrived in Australia. His mother’s people were early Australian settlers. The Carey home was a farm near Campbelltown and as a boy, little Samuel walked nearly seven miles to School and back each day, an activity that prepared him for work in harsh climatic and environmental conditions. Sam Carey’s large family included two sisters and four brothers, one of whom died in World War II. At the University of Sydney, in 1929, Carey enrolled in chemistry, physics, and mathematics and only as a fourth subject – geology. However, he was soon reoriented towards geology as his main subject by Sir Edgeworth David, an Antarctic explorer. This preference developed from his liking for fieldwork in geology, combined with lab work. He was strongly inclined towards sports (hockey, sailing, rugby, marksmanship, canoeing) and physical activities (cave exploration, rock climbing, hiking, jungle expeditions, parachuting). He graduated in Geology from the University of Sydney earning a Bachelor of Science with First Class Honours in 1933, Master of Science in 1934, and Doctor of Science in 1939. At university he founded the Student’s Geological Society in 1931 and was its first president. He has been a pioneer in geology all his life. He was fortunate to participate as a protagonist for two and possibly three revolutions in the Earth sciences. He challenged the concept of continents in fixed positions from the outset and from 1946 to 1956 he taught a version of intercontinental movement with subduction in deep ocean trenches. This came to be called ‘plate tectonics’ some twenty years later but at the time when no one believed in any form of intercontinental movement, Carey’s version was also called ‘continental drift’ by default. Carey developed a new way to interpret orogens. He did not ascribe the building of mountain chains to compression – as is commonly accepted by the geological community involved in contraction or pulsation tectonics. Carey ascribed it to isostatic instability where rising mantle beneath deep sediment filled trenches causes diapiric uplift. The observed folding was explained as the consequent downward gravitational sliding of uplifted strata. This mountain building concept is still considered valid today and it constitutes part of a more diversified classification of mountain evolution that has been developed by Cliff Ollier. Carey proposed abandonment of the subduction concept, and put forward step by step the concept of Earth expansion. Carey – using the orocline concept – generalised his views on movement between continents, demonstrating that the continents could fit together better if the Earth was smaller in size.
    Description: Published
    Description: 85-95
    Description: open
    Keywords: History of global tectonic theories ; Expanding Earth ; S.W. Carey ; Hobart ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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    Stazioni sismiche obsolete: il recupero del Sistema Lennartz PCM 5800 (2007)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The modern digital seismic stations are provided with 24 bit A/D converters, high capacity recording systems and broad-band seismometers. Nevertheless, few tens year old seismic stations can be still able to give an useful contribution to seismic monitoring. Some out-of-date seismic stations, such as the Lennartz PCM 5800, are characterized by the data acquisition in trigger mode on magnetic tape, allowing a continuous recording time of about 90 minutes. We have checked the possibility to substitute the Uher tape recorder of the Lennartz PCM 5800 stations with modern digital recorder, in order to give a new life to these stations. Several type of digital recorders have been tried. According to the results of our trials, the Hi-MiniDisc (Hi-MD) recorder is resulted the most useful one. This apparatus records on 1GB magneto-optical disks with a continuous recording time up to about 8 hours. This time allows to record about 500 trigger windows of about 50-60 seconds on one disk, about 5 time the old magnetic tape. According with these results, the Lennartz PCM 5800 digital seismic stations can be useful during seismic experiments or as a support of the Permanent Seismic Networks at local and regional scale.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-17
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic station ; temporary network ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
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    Le prime stazioni GPS permanenti INGV-CNT per il monitoraggio delle deformazioni crostali dell'area italiana (2007)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In questi ultimi anni molti Enti o Università italiane e straniere impegnate in studi geofisici a carattere geodinamico e geodetico, hanno sentito la necessità di realizzare reti GPS in monitoraggio continuo capaci di raggiungere le migliori precisioni possibili ottenibili e al contempo di poter disporre di dati inquadrati in un solo sistema di riferimento. Infatti i dati GPS acquisiti in continuo su reti realizzate con procedure automatizzate di acquisizione, trasmissione e analisi dei dati, rappresentano un potente mezzo per studiare le deformazioni del suolo di origine tettonica e vulcanica, consentendo avanzamenti significativi nella ricerca geofisica e geodetica e per scopi di monitoraggio orientati per applicazioni di Protezione Civile. Con questi obiettivi sono state realizzate le stazioni GPS di Roma (INGR), Villavallelonga (VVLO), Roseto degli Abruzzi (RSTO), Gibilmanna (GBLM), Preturo (INGP) e Monte Argentario (MAOO), distribuite nelle aree italiane di principale interesse geodinamico e sismologico. Queste sono state collocate in particolare dove andava colmato un gap sulla distribuzione di stazioni permanenti già esistenti afferenti alla rete GPS dell’Agenzia Spaziale Italiana. Le stazioni, realizzate secondo criteri che soddisfano la ricerca geofisica, sono costituite da ricevitori GPS geodetici a doppia frequenza le cui antenne sono state collocate su pilastrini in cemento armato prevalentemente fondati su affioramenti rocciosi. In questa pubblicazione viene descritto lo stato attuale della rete, la struttura dei monumenti geodetici, la strumentazione utilizzata, le modalità di acquisizione e trasmissione dei dati, la loro analisi e archiviazione. Viene anche mostrato un confronto sulla qualità dei dati prodotti dalle stazioni INGV rispetto alle stazioni di Matera (MATE) e Cagliari (CAGL), afferenti alla rete internazionale dell’International Godynamic Service.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-50
    Description: 1.9. TTC - Rete GPS nazionale
    Description: open
    Keywords: rete CGPS, Italia, monitoraggio geodetico, deformazioni crostali ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring
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  • 73
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    Seismicity and stress field in the Sannio-Matese area (2008)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this study we discuss the available data on seismicity and focal mechanisms in the Sannio-Matese area in order to obtain information on the stress field acting in the area. Background seismicity of the area is characterized by isolated events, with magnitude generally less than 2.5, on which is superimposed a swarm and seismic sequence activity of low magnitude (max magnitude 4.1). The epicentral distribution of both isolated events and seismic sequences, disclose NE-SW striking active faults that fall in between the fault segments of the large historical earthquakes which occurred in the area. The available information on the stress field deducible from the focal mechanisms of the area agrees that a general extensional stress regime is acting. Locally both NE-SW and NNW-SSE extensions are observed. The large scale stress regime deduced from the focal mechanisms of strong instrumental earthquakes which occurred in the Apennines supports the local NE-SW extension but cannot explain the normal movements related to a NW-SE extension. The local longitudinal extension observed, supported by GPS data, can be explained utilizing large scale geodynamic models.
    Description: Published
    Description: 347-356
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Seismotectonics ; Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 74
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    Guida al Museo dell'Osservatorio Vesuviano (2008)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Il Vesuvio è noto nel mondo soprattutto per la grande eruzione del 79 d.C., che distrusse in soli due giorni Pompei, Ercolano, Oplonti e Stabia. Dopo il 79 d.C., il Vesuvio ha alternato periodi di attività, caratterizzati da frequenti eruzioni di media energia, a periodi di riposo, lunghi anche molti secoli e interrotti da violente eruzioni esplosive come quelle del 472 d.C. e del 1631. L’attività del vulcano negli ultimi tre secoli è stata caratterizzata da eruzioni di moderata energia ma di grande effetto spettacolare, che hanno reso il Vesuvio meta di viaggiatori, scienziati, letterati e artisti da tutto il mondo. Dopo l’eruzione del 1944, il vulcano è entrato in una fase di quiescenza, la cui durata è impossibile da prevedere. Negli ultimi decenni il vulcano è stato caratterizzato da una debole attività fumarolica, prevalentemente nell’area craterica, e da attività sismica con scosse di energia medio-bassa. La storia eruttiva del Vesuvio indica che il vulcano non può essere considerato estinto ed è molto probabile che l’attuale quiescenza venga interrotta da una nuova, violenta eruzione. L’Osservatorio Vesuviano, inaugurato nel 1845 da Ferdinando II re delle Due Sicilie, è il primo osservatorio vulcanologico al mondo. Ha permesso per oltre centocinquanta anni l’osservazione minuziosa delle eruzioni vesuviane e dei loro precursori. Oggi vigila sullo stato di attività dei vulcani campani, pronto a cogliere i primi segni di riattivazione. La mostra Vesuvio: 2000 anni di osservazioni conduce il visitatore attraverso un affascinante percorso nel mondo dei vulcani, e del Vesuvio in particolare: descrive i vari tipi di eruzioni e i pericoli relativi, spiega come si ricostruisce la storia di un vulcano, presenta ricche collezioni di campioni di rocce e minerali vesuviani e di strumenti storici, libri e dipinti. È possibile anche osservare la registrazione in tempo reale di dati sismici della rete dell’INGV - Osservatorio Vesuviano. L’obiettivo principale del Museo è fornire soprattutto agli abitanti dell’area vesuviana, ma anche al vasto pubblico che visita il Vesuvio, informazioni sui principali pericoli vulcanici attesi e sulle metodologie di monitoraggio.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5.8. TTC - Formazione e informazione
    Description: open
    Keywords: museo ; vesuvio ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 75
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    GEOSTAR deep seafloor missions: magnetic data analysis and 1D geoelectric structure underneath the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea (2008)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: From 2000 to 2005 two exploring geophysical missions were undertaken in the Tyrrhenian deep seafloor at depths between around -2000 and -3000 m in the framework of the European-funded GEOSTAR Projects. The considered missions in this work are GEOSTAR-2 and ORIONGEOSTAR-3 with the main scientific objective of investigating the deep-sea by means of an automatic multiparameter benthic observatory station working continuously from around 5 to 12 months each time. During the two GEOSTAR deep seafloor missions, scalar and vector magnetometers acquired useful magnetic data both to improve global and regional geomagnetic reference models and to infer specific geoelectric information about the two sites of magnetic measurements by means of a forward modelling.
    Description: In press
    Description: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: GEOSTAR ; Tyrrhenian Sea ; deep seafloor ; electrical conductivity ; lithosphere ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.02. Geomagnetic field variations and reversals ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques
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  • 76
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    An example of operation for a partly manned Antarctic geomagnetic observatory and the development of a radio link for data transmission (2009)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The experience acquired from more than ten years of operation of an Antarctic geomagnetic observatory is described along with the development of data transmission facilities. The observatory was deployed at the Spanish Antarctic Station in 1996. The main instrument was an Overhauser magnetometer deployed in dual axis Helmholtz coils, a δD/δI configuration. The site is only manned during the summer, with the magnetometer left recording throughout the rest of the year. During the 2007-2008 survey the observatory instrumentation has been upgraded with a DMI suspended triaxial fluxgate magnetometer, new sampling hardware and data logging software. Both sampling and timing are carried out under the control of a PIC based microcontroller and GPS receiver. Data presentation, transmission and archiving are performed under the control of a low power embedded PC. For real time access to the data two options have been provided and rigorously tested during the last 10 years: METEOSAT and GOES Data Collection Systems, and recently, a high frequency (HF) digital radio-link, using ionospheric propagation between Antarctica and Spain, has been developed. This latest transmission system is being continuously upgraded, and it would be possible to extend its application to other remote stations. Measurements have been made during the last four years in order to determine the channel characteristics and its variability, mainly the multipath and Doppler spread and the link availability for a given SNR in the receiver. These measurements are being used to design the physical layer of a radiomodem intended to maximize the link capacity keeping the emitted power low.
    Description: Published
    Description: 45-56
    Description: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: geomagnetic observatories ; geophysical instrumentation ; data transmission ; HF radio ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques
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  • 77
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    "Preface", special issue on "Geomagnetic Measurements in Remote Regions" (2010)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Gli autori sono anche gli Editor di questo numero speciale
    Description: N. A.
    Description: Published
    Description: V-VII
    Description: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: geomagnetic measurements ; geomagnetic field variations ; remote regions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques
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  • 78
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    The earth sciences in the scientific letters of Giovanni Capellini (2010)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Giovanni Capellini (1833-1922) was one of the leading representatives of the Italian and international scientific community from the mid-19th century until 1922, the year of his death. Professor of Geology at the University of Bologna from 1860, geologist, palaeontologist and archaeologist, in 1871 he organised, straight after the unification of Italy, the 5th International Congress in Archaeology and Prehistoric Anthropology, first in Italy, and in 1881 brought to Bologna, for the first time ever in Italy, the 2nd International Geological Congress. His studies and publications strongly influenced the geological thinking of his times. At the Archiginnasio Library in Bologna there are as many as 30,000 documents from his scientific letters (The Capellini Archive), the result of an intense correspondence he had with geologists, seismologists, astronomers and meteorologists, but also with people from the world of culture and politics. The letters relating to the earth sciences, from scientific but also political point of view, are the majority. The archive includes letters from more then 4,300 senders, of which at least 25% foreign ones incuding Charles Lyell (geologist), Emmanuel Friedlaender (volcanologist), Philip Eduard De Verneuil (naturalist), Henry James Johnston Lavis (volcanologist).
    Description: Published
    Description: 667-677
    Description: 5.2. TTC - Banche dati di sismologia strumentale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Giovanni Capellini ; history of earth sciences ; scientific letters ; 2nd International Geological Congress ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 79
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    "Preface" at "COST 296 MIERS Mitigation of Ionospheric Effects on Radio Systems FINAL REPORT (2010)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: N. A.
    Description: Published
    Description: V
    Description: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Description: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Ionosphere ; Radio propagation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.03. Forecasts
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  • 80
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    A new station for monitoring electromagnetic fields in Duronia (Italy): experimental setup and first results (2010)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Since the end of 2007 a new electromagnetic field monitoring station has been in operation in Central Italy in the area of a village called Duronia. The station was created in the framework of the MEM (Magnetic and Electric fields Monitoring) Project composed of a team headed by the Abruzzo region. The main target of the MEM Project is to create in the Adriatic Area a network of observatories to monitor the environmental electromagnetic signals in the frequency band from 0.001Hz to 100kHz (ULF-ELF-VLF). The peculiarity of the Duronia installation is the low electromagnetic background noise of the site and the low noise of the instrumentation. Here we show the experimental setup, with a brief discussion on the installed instrumentation and on the preliminaresults obtained in the first months of operation. The research activity is mainly focused on the analysis of the spectral structure of the Schumann Resonance in the range of frequencies [5.0-35.0]Hz, and the Ionospheric Alfvén Resonator in the range of frequencies [0.1-7.0]Hz and their evolution in time. Another target concerns the long-term monitoring of local magnetic field anomalies possiblelated to the local geodynamical processes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 441-452
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: geomagnetic field ; MEM project ; Schumann resonance ; Ionospheric Alfvén Resonator ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.05. Main geomagnetic field ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.09. Environmental magnetism
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  • 81
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    Twenty years of geomagnetic field observations at Mario Zucchelli Station (Antarctica) (2010)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: During the 1986-87 austral summer a geomagnetic observatory was installed at Terra Nova Bay. During the first years both geomagnetic field time variation monitoring and absolute measurements were carried out only during summer. Since 1991 variometer measurements are automatically performed throughout the year, while absolute measurements are still performed only during summer. In spite of this, interesting observations were obtained during the life (quite long for Antarctica) of the geomagnetic observatory. In particular, this paper briefly presents some of the most important results: studies on secular variation, daily variation (and its dependence from solar cycle and seasons) and geomagnetic higher frequency variations, such as geomagnetic pulsations.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-14
    Description: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Description: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Description: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: geomagnetic observatory ; geomagnetic field variations ; Antarctica ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.02. Geomagnetic field variations and reversals ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques
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  • 82
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    Ott Christoph Hilgenberg in twentieth-century geophysics (2007)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The main points of the life and scientific production of Ott Christoph Hilgenberg (1896-1976) have been reconstructed. The events took place between America and Berlin: in America from 1925 to 1928 the young Hilgenberg, with a diploma in Mechanical Engineering, worked as a Geophysicist in an oil prospecting company. It was there that he probably developed his interdisciplinary ideas, which, influenced in various ways by the European cultural climate, brought him into the field of global tectonics. He conceived a theory about the expansion of the Earth based on the nature of the gravity field. In 1933, the theory was published in his classic work 'Vom wachsenden Erdball'. Upon his return in Germany he performed various types of research at the School of Engineering, then that of Geology and Paleontology at the Technical University of Berlin. He was also briefly involved as editor of the scientific publications at the Technical University of Berlin, where he made a contribution towards saving the book collection as the war ended. During the years spent in Berlin, he continued to refine his elegant version of the theory of Earth’s expansion publishing articles and books on this subject up to the last years in his life. The importance of Hilgenberg lies in the fact that he marks the beginning of the integration of various scientific disciplines from Physics to Paleontology and Paleomagnetism, in support of a universal tectonic theory, and that he made paleogeographic reconstructions on globes with smaller radii than the present one. All those who have worked or are working with one of the versions of expansion tectonics owe him enormous gratitude for his inspiration and for the scientific and moral lesson of fifty years spent in unflagging defence of his ideas. The material gathered and kindly made available by his daughter Helge has been indispensable for this recalling.
    Description: Published
    Description: 25-41
    Description: open
    Keywords: Tectonic theories ; expanding Earth ; O.C. Hilgenberg ; Berlin ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 83
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    Roberto Mantovani an Italian defender of the continental drift and planetary expansion (2007)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Roberto Mantovani, violinist and scientist,born in Parma on March 25, 1854. He was part of an orches-tral team reaching the volcanic Réunion Island in 1878. During his stay on the island, Mantovani had the occasion of observing the huge volcanic fractures on the Indian ocean shore near the town of Saint Denis. He argued that, on a global scale, all the continents might have undergone the same disjunction processes as the volcanic flanks. The global fractures are today the oceans. After several years from his observations, Mantovani published his idea in 1889 in the Bulletin of the Societé des Sciences et des Arts of Saint Denis, where the Italian established his family and became Consul of Italy. After an economic crisis and an epidemic plague in the Réunion Island, Roberto Mantovani left his post as Consul to go and live in San Servan, near the port of Saint Malo, in northern France, where he continued his activity as violinist, managing a school of music. As a scientist, he gave public conferences on the idea of planetary expansion. Mantovani was not a mere precursor of the continental drift idea: instead, Mantovani’s ideas on Earth expansion were more general compared to those of Wegener who was not taking into account the possibility of variation of the Earth’s radius. Roberto Mantovani, violinist and scientist, was part of an orches-tral team reaching the volcanic Réunion Island in 1878. During his stay on the island, Mantovani had the occasion of observing the huge volcanic fractures on the Indian ocean shore near the town of Saint Denis. He argued that, on a global scale, all the continents might have undergone the same disjunction processes as the volcanic flanks. The global fractures are today the oceans. After several years from his observations, Mantovani published his idea in 1889 in the Bulletin of the Societé des Sciences et des Arts of Saint Denis, where the Italian established his family and became Consul of Italy. After an economic crisis and an epidemic plague in the Réunion Island, Roberto Mantovani left his post as Consul to go and live in San Servan, near the port of Saint Malo, in northern France, where he continued his activity as violinist, managing a school of music. As a scientist, he gave public conferences on the idea of planetary expansion. His more famous paper, quoted later by Wegener, was published in 1909, in a popular magazine 'Je m’instruis'. The paper contains the first suggestive mapping of the breakup of the Pangea continent based on geological arguments. The great novelty in the 1909 paper was the mapping of the Pacific view: dotted lines were drown between pairs of geographical points which once were in contact while today are separated by the huge extension of the Pacific basin. The idea was that the corresponding points were in contact before the expansion of the Earth. The enlarging of the huge fractures formed all oceans. We had to wait the sixties to find the same kind of lines in the Indian and Atlantic oceans in plate tectonics. According to plate tectonics this is not true for the Pacific Ocean, because in this case the plate movement is inverse and the ocean tends towards closing. The 1909 Pacific map was forgotten, and only Mantovani’s Pangea representation is reproduced today in some books dealing with the history of science.
    Description: Published
    Description: 71-74
    Description: open
    Keywords: Hystory of global tectonic theories ; Expanding Earth ; R. Mantovani ; Parma ; Réunion ; San Malò, Paris ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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    Application of differential SAR interferometry for studying eruptive event of 22July 1998 at Mt.Etna (2007)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: One of the main objectives of the project “Development and application of remote sensing methods for the monitoring of active Italian volcanoes” is directed to an operational use of differential interferometry as a tool for volcano monitoring. A first step to achieve this goal is to test commercial software in order to evaluate the most suitable for the project purposes. For testing software, SAR images collected by ERS2 from May 98 to August 98, before and after the strong eruptive event occurred on 22 July 98 at Voragine crater of Etna, have been selected. The explosive event was classified sub-plinian producing a 12 km high eruptive column and lapilli fell on land as far as 70 km south-eastward along the dispersal axis. Pre, post and across event image pairs have been processed. In particular the pair 13 May 98-22 July 98, 22 July 98-26 August 98, 13 May 98-26 August 98 are used for testing respectively pre, post and across event. In first analysis, the fringes in the differential products show a positive elevation trend in the summit area of the volcano. In particular, an increased of about 1,5 fringes in the period pre-event, and a decrement of 1 fringe in the period post-event is observed. This result is agreement whit field of deformation expected in such kind of event, confirming that the interferometric processing tool used id suitable for the purpose of the project.
    Description: Published
    Description: 15-20
    Description: open
    Keywords: SAR interferometry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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  • 85
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    Modelling ground deformations in volcanic areas by using SAR interferograms (2007)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The inversion problem dealt with is the identification of the parameters of a magma-filled dike which causes observable changes in ground deformation data. It is supposed that ground deformation data are measured by using the SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) Interferometry technique. The inversion approach, which is carried out by a systematic search technique based on the Simulated Annealing (SA) optimization algorithm, guarantees a high degree of accuracy. The results given in the paper are supported by experiments carried out using an interactive software tool developed ad hoc, which allows both direct and inverse modeling of SAR interferometric data related to the opening of a crack at the beginning and throughout a volcanic activity episode.
    Description: Published
    Description: 30-35
    Description: open
    Keywords: ground deformations ; volcanic areas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 86
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    A Gis method for geodetic applications: the central Apennine Geodetic Network (GeoNetGis) (2007)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: To geophysical research and monitor crustal deformation in seismic and volcanic areas, a Geodetic Geographical Information System has been developed (GeoNetGIS). We applied our geodetic oriented GIS to a new GPS network recently set up and surveyed in the Central Apennine region. The Central Apennine Geodetic Network (CA-GeoNet) consists in 130 stations with an average grid of 5 km, covering the main seismogenetic structures of the area. Management and mapping GPS networks with large multi-scaled data set, geographically referenced and with continuous or discrete coverage, required a multidisciplinary approach. GeoNetGIS, allow us, to analyze in three and four dimensions GPS sources, improve crustal deformation analysis and tectonic structure interpretation. Thematic Layers can be set up by many different databases such as Geodesy, Topography, Seismicity, Geology, Geography and Raster Images. GPS site displacements, velocity vectors and strain rate maps, gained by numerical and spatial analysis, can be showed by GeoNetGIS.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-25
    Description: 1.9. TTC - Rete GPS nazionale
    Description: open
    Keywords: GIS GPS geodetic networks ; crustal deformation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.09. Instruments and techniques
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  • 87
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    Fenomeni associati al terremoto della Calabria dell’8 settembre 1905 (2008)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: RIASSUNTO Il terremoto dell’8 settembre 1905 in Calabria è considerato uno degli eventi più forti della storia sismica italiana, ma paradossalmente, pur essendo abbastanza recente, anche uno dei terremoti la cui conoscenza è più lacunosa. Localizzazione, magnitudo e geometria della sorgente sono ancora sostanzialmente parametri poco vincolati. Il terremoto produsse una grande quantità di effetti ambientali, sui terreni e sulle acque, ed effetti “anomali” percepiti dalla gente, come rombi e fenomeni luminosi. Scopo del presente lavoro è di presentare in un unico repertorio la raccolta di tali osservazioni per fornire un quadro degli effetti associati all’evento. La raccolta è avvenuta selezionando le testimonianze contenute nelle fonti, preferibilmente coeve, che trattano del terremoto del 1905, catalogandole per tipologia e descrivendole. Il database finale è relativo ad osservazioni di effetti associati al terremoto in 122 località. Gli effetti geologici e quelli idrologici sono stati usati per calcolare empiricamente dei valori di magnitudo. Per ognuno dei fenomeni osservati abbiamo anche riassunto lo stato delle conoscenze nella letteratura scientifica, antica e contemporanea. ABSTRACT The September 8, 1905 Calabria (Southern Italy) earthquake belongs to a peculiar family of highly destructive seismic events, mostly occurred at the dawning of the instrumental seismology, for which location, geometry and size of the source are still substantially unconstrained. For instance, during the century-long period elapsed since the earthquake, previous Authors calculated magnitudes between M≤6.2 and M=7.9. In this paper we collected a remarkable dataset of environmental effects produced by the earthquake (more than 220 deeply reviewed observations at 122 different localities) retrieved in the coeval sources. Our data include ground effects (landslides, rock falls and lateral spreads), hydrological changes (streamflow variations, liquefaction, rise of water temperature and turbidity), earthquake lights, earthquake sounds. Finally, we define the magnitude of the event using some empirical relation between seismic parameters and distribution of ground effects and hydrological changes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-19
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: calabria 1905 ; effetti ambientali ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 88
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    Strumentazioni in uso nel campo della petrologia sperimentale (2008)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This guide reports the description of the experimental apparata in use in the experimental petrology along with an accurate description of some applications of these instrumentations. After a brief introduction concerning what is the experimental petrology and what is used for, we provide a description of the starting materials used in this field of the Earth Sciences. Moreover, particular attention is focused on these apparata used all around the world. We, finally, introduce some examples of different studies conducted with the different experimental equipments. The aim of this guide is, then, to give information concerning the equipments and their potentiality.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-20
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Piston cylinder ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 89
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    Lo studio delle deformazioni del suolo nell'area di Bojano nel periodo 2004-2006 (2008)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In questa nota sono riportati i risultati ottenuti da indagini geodetiche effettuate nell’area del Sannio-Matese nell’ambito di una Convenzione triennale perfezionata tra l’Assessorato ai Lavori Pubblici della Regione Molise e l’INGV-OV, rivolta all’individuazione di eventuali fenomeni deformativi del suolo in atto nel comune di Bojano (CB). Lo studio, condotto nel periodo 2004-2006, ha visto la progettazione di una rete geodetica nell’area del Comune di Bojano, avente come riferimento il Cs 104 della Linea 80 IGMI corrispondente al Cs LBO/AIGM in Carta, e la materializzazione di vertici GPS, caposaldi di livellazione e l’installazione di Dry Tilt. Le misure di livellazione sull’intera rete, relative al caposaldo di riferimento, hanno evidenziato un generale trend in subsidenza nel bacino di Bojano connesso, con buona probabilità, alle oscillazioni stagionali della falda. I risultati dellemisure sui vertici della rete GPS sono in buon accordo con quelli ottenuti dalle misure di livellazione, evidenziando un trend in subsidenza nella piana di Bojano e nell’area delle sorgenti del Biferno. Le stime dell’inclinazione del suolo ottenute attraverso l’applicazione della tecnica dei dry-tilt hanno delineato un quadro deformativo relativo alla zona cittadina di Bojano consistente in una inclinazione del suolo nel quadrante ENE.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-80
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: BOJANO ; RETE GEODETICA ; LIVELLAZIONE ; GPS ; DRY TILT ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 90
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    Il nuovo portale dell'Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia: verso un sistema più fruibile per lavorare e comunicare con il web (2008)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: New web portal of Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia is the result of a laborious redesign process which started on the occasion of the scientific re-organization of the Institute. In order to provide reliable and up-to-date information, researchers and responsible for research activities and specific services have been called to write web contents by themselves, using a content management system. The paper describes main phases of the redesign process, including the re-organization of portal contents and services, and the features of the adopted system. Effective use and first populating efforts in terms of productivity and accessibility as well as future developments are commented.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4-18
    Description: 5.9. TTC - Sistema web
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Internet ; portale ; web ; sistema fruibile ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 91
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    GEOSTAR deep seafloor missions: magnetic data analysis and 1D geoelectric structure underneath the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea (2009)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: From 2000 to 2005 two geophysical exploration missions were undertaken in the Tyrrhenian deep seafloor at depths between -2000 and -3000 m in the framework of the European-funded GEOSTAR Projects. The considered missions in this work are GEOSTAR-2 and ORION-GEOSTAR-3 with the main scientific objective of investigating the deep-seafloor by means of an automatic multiparameter benthic observatory station working continuously from around 5 to 12 months each time. During the two GEOSTAR deep seafloor missions, scalar and vector magnetometers acquired useful magnetic data both to improve global and regional geomagnetic reference models and to infer specific geoelectric information about the two sites of magnetic measurements by means of a forward modelling.
    Description: Published
    Description: 57-63
    Description: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: GEOSTAR ; Tyrrhenian Sea ; deep seafloor ; electrical conductivity ; lithosphere ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.02. Geomagnetic field variations and reversals ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques
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  • 92
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    Environmental magneto-gradiometric marine survey in a highly anthropic noisy area (2010)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We describe a magneto-gradiometric survey performed in the «Mar Piccolo» of Taranto, Italy in May 2005 for environmental purposes. This region, which is a noisy harbour environment, provides a challenging test for magnetic methods. To reduce spurious noise signals, with both temporal and spatial origins, we used two Geometrics G880 model caesium magnetometers towed in a transverse gradient configuration. We show how, in shallow waters, this gradiometric configuration allows us to distinguish anomalies due to small metallic bodies near the seabed from the induced noise due to the anthropic contribution and geomagnetic field variations. A direct visual inspection confirmed that the peculiarities highlighted in the gradient anomaly map were due to abandoned metallic objects found on the seabed.
    Description: Published
    Description: 459-467
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: environmental reclamation ; anthropic noise ; magneto-gradiometric survey ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.09. Environmental magnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 93
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    La rete GPS CalNet (2008)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: Since 2002, between Catanzaro and Vibo Valentia (Calabria), has been set up a new high resolution GPS network. The aim of this network is to record the interseismic and co-seismic deformations of this active region which experienced destructive earthquakes but it is not yet occupied by a GPS geodetic network.
    Description: Published
    Description: Reggio Calabria
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: open
    Keywords: GPS, Calabria, Stretto di Messina ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 94
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    Monitoraggio geodetico delle deformazioni del suolo in area sismogenetica: la rete GPS dello Stretto di Messina (2007)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Il terremoto del 1908 che ha distrutto le città di Reggio Calabria e Messina costituisce il primo esempio in cui, attraverso l’utilizzo di dati geodetici, è stato possibile ricostruire il campo di deformazione verticale collegato al catastrofico evento. In questo lavoro vengono riassunti i principali risultati della ricerca incentrata sulla caratterizzazione cinematica dell’area dello Stretto di Messina e vengono presentati i primi risultati della rete misurata con modalità GPS nel corso del 2001 e del 2003 nella stessa area. Questi risultati confermano l’importanza dell’approfondimento delle attività di monitoraggio geodetico tra il complesso peloritano calabro e quello siciliano, anche allo scopo di chiarire le numerose ambiguità riscontrate, in questi anni, nella definizione delle strutture che hanno originato il terremoto del 1908.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-18
    Description: open
    Keywords: GPS ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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  • 95
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    Misure di flusso di Geo-gas (CO2, etc…) con il “Sistema SAP” con polle gassose a flusso macroscopico”. I casi della Val Comino e Palidoro (2007)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: L’UR 11 del Progetto DPC 2005-2007 V5 “Diffuse Degassing in Italy” ha configurato e testato un sistema in grado di effettuare misure di flusso di emissioni gassose naturali “ad alta portata” (con particolare riferimento alla CO2, ma anche di altri geo-gas), disponendo dei dati di composizione chimica del gas stesso, denominandolo SAP = “Sistema di misura di flusso geo-gas ad Alta Portata”. Ci si focalizza in questo II anno di progetto su emissioni “eclatanti”, associate a piccoli laghetti o “polle” naturali, in zone dove storicamente si è verificata l’emissione più o meno marcata e continua di flussi gassosi; in particolare iniziando nelle aree della Val Comino (Basso Lazio) e di Palidoro (Alto Lazio). L’applicazione delle metodologie segue il lavoro intrapreso da Rogie et al. (2000), con in più una maggiore versatilità rispetto a quest’ultimo lavoro, dovuta ad una diversa geometria del sistema convogliatore del gas da allocarsi sull’emissione gassosa ed all’utilizzo di materiali più adattabili alle varie condizioni di campagna. Il sistema è stato concepito inoltre con l’intenzione di quantizzare con precisione non solo i flussi di CO2, ma anche degli altri geo-gas, semplicemente diminuendo il diametro del tubo di uscita del gas. Nella presente relazione si discute solamente del flusso di CO2, ma conoscendo la concentrazione degli altri gas delle medesime polle studiate si risale facilmente ai flussi degli altri gas (H2S, CH4, etc…). La CO2 presenta effetti tossici acuti immediati sull’apparato respiratorio: per tempi di esposizione fino a 15 minuti e per concentrazioni in atmosfera che raggiungono il 5% la CO2 provoca vasocostrizione ed incremento della attività respiratoria; per concentrazioni 〉10% provoca paralisi respiratoria e svenimento; mentre per concentrazioni 〉 25% determina il decesso immediato. Tali effetti sono accresciuti dal fatto che la specie non presenta colore ed odore con la conseguente impossibilità di essere notata per tempo dagli organi sensoriali. Inoltre, essendo più pesante dell’aria, tende a formare delle dense nubi tossiche che seguono la topografia del luogo accumulandosi per lo più nelle zone depresse prossime alla zona di emissione. E’ risultato per tanto urgente, in linea con il Progetto DPC 2005-2007 V5, quantificare i flussi giornalieri di gas emesso dalle macro-polle emissive di CO2 come quella di Palidoro e della Val Comino. Visto l’alto grado di tossicità dei gas emessi, manifestato dalla presenza più o meno continua di animali morti nei siti d’indagine, tale ricerca ha come priorità di protezione civile la valutazione dei valori di flusso di CO2 e delle sue implicazioni in termini di “pericolosità” e “valore esposto” nei riguardi di persone ed animali residenti nelle zone in esame; anche considerando il ruolo di carrier dell’anidride carbonica per altri geogas pericolosi per la salute umana come ad esempio il Radon (Pizzino et. al. 2002; Voltaggio, 2003). Già in passato, altri siti degassanti del territorio nazionale, hanno determinato incidenti letali anche ai danni di persone (Chiodini & Frondini, 2001; Pizzino et al., 2000; Voltaggio 2003). La pericolosità di tali fenomeni di degassamento è poi accresciuta dalla presenza di zone geomorfologicamente depresse: le stesse “polle” ed i solchi e i rivoli prossimi alle zone di emissione. Tali elementi morfologici accumulano e veicolano le miscele gassose a CO2 dominante che essendo più pesanti dell’aria tendono a stagnare nei primi strati di atmosfera a contatto con il suolo. In tal senso anche le condizioni di circolazione atmosferica locale giocano un importante ruolo nel favorire o sminuire l’accumulo dei gas. La presente relazione descrive le prime 2 esperienze di misura di flusso tramite quello che definiamo “Sistema di misura di flusso geo-gas ad Alta Portata” (SAP). Il SAP è come si diceva concettualmente analogo al sistema GCD (Inflatable gas Capturing Device) descritto da Rogie et al., (2000).
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-24
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: CO2 flux measurement method ; Palidor and valcomino Diffuse Degassing Structures ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.08. Instruments and techniques
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  • 96
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    Le attività di informazione scientifica: uno studio sull'efficacia divulgativa (2008)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the last years the assessment of the science outreach activity has become a fundamental moment of the planning and realization of the activities of the Laboratorio of Didattica and Divulgazione Scientifica of Rome. On the occasion of the XVIII Edizione della Settimana della Cultura Scientifica e Tecnologica, we have established to experiment a new effectiveness science outreach assessment centred on two observation points: the users of the initiatives and the laboratory staff. From this model two different assessment tools derived: the Satisfaction Questionnaires, filled by users and the Technical Questionnaires, filled by the laboratory staff. This formulation has allowed us to get complex information on the whole science outreach process and has guaranteed a better impartiality in the assessment. The data collected offers some information on the key elements to achieve and to improve the effectiveness of outreach of a scientific initiative.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-24
    Description: 5.8. TTC - Formazione e informazione
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: outreach ; assessment ; educational ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 97
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    La pericolosità sismica in Italia e nell’area dello stretto di Messina (2008)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Le stime probabilistiche della pericolosità sismica sono alla base di qualsiasi politica di prevenzione dei danni da terremoto, sia perché utilizzate per definire le aree prioritarie per interventi di riduzione del rischio sismico, sia perché su di esse si basa la normativa tecnica per le costruzioni. Eppure, nonostante la loro importanza, non esiste una procedura standard universalmente riconosciuta per definire con precisione la pericolosità sismica di un’area.
    Description: Published
    Description: Reggio Calabria, Italy
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 98
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    RELAZIONI TRA FLUIDI CIRCOLANTI E TETTONICA ATTIVA NEL SETTORE MERIDIONALE DELL’ARCO CALABRO: UNO STRUMENTO PER LA VALUTAZIONE DEI PROCESSI SISMOGENETICI (2009)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Le metodologie di indagine geochimica applicate ad un’ampia porzione dell’Appennino meridionale, esteso dalla Calabria settentrionale ai Monti Nebrodi, nell’ambito del progetto INGV-DPC S2, hanno consentito di valutare le caratteristiche dei fluidi emessi in coincidenza di importanti lineamenti strutturali, permettendo di evidenziare le relazioni intercorrenti tra l’assetto tettonico e la genesi, la circolazione ed il comportamento dei fluidi circolanti. L’area di studio rappresenta la porzione più meridionale dell’Arco Calabro, il cui stile deformativo dominante dal Pleistocene medio all’attuale, è caratterizzato da una estensione ESE-WNW. Nella Sicilia nord-orientale, le faglie neotettoniche dislocano i livelli crostali più superficiali e si dispongono secondo direzioni preferenziali orientati circa NW-SE con meccanismi deformativi a componente trascorrente ed estensionale e N-S/NE-SO con meccanismi deformativi trascorrenti, a tratti con componente compressiva. Le strutture crostali radicate sono rappresentate dal sistema “Patti-Eolie”, che si connette a terra con il sistema “Tindari-Letojanni” e dal “sistema di Messina”. Il primo mostra, anche a livello sismologico, caratteri deformativi transtensivi; nel secondo sistema, caratterizzato da faglie a prevalente componente distensiva del rigetto la catena presenta un tasso di sollevamento recente non uniforme, con valori massimi lungo la costa messinese ionica e tassi minori lungo quella tirrenica. L’esistenza di fenomeni attivi di sollevamento regionale è dimostrato da alcune evidenze, come la presenza di argille marine quaternarie affioranti diverse centinaia di metri al di sopra del livello del mare nonché di piattaforme di abrasione tirreniane ben sviluppate ad una altitudine di circa 130 m. nei pressi di Taormina e sul versante calabrese dello stretto di Messina. La struttura tettonica più importante che interseca il sistema Ibleo-Maltese è costituito dal sistema di faglie di Messina, orientato NNE-NNW. Il terremoto di Messina del 1908 è stato attribuito ad una “faglia cieca” nell’area di Messina. Lungo le principali strutture tettoniche, sono presenti attività idrotermali e di degassamento note da tempi storici, che dal punto di vista geochimico mostrano caratteristiche molto diverse in funzione della loro ubicazione.
    Description: Published
    Description: Reggio Calabria
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: open
    Keywords: fluidi ; Tettonica attiva ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Extended abstract
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  • 99
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    Rilievo macrosismico del terremoto emiliano del 23 dicembre 2008 (2009)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Questa nota presenta una sintesi delle attività svolte durante il rilievomacrosismico del terremoto avvenuto tra le province di Parma e Reggio Emilia il 23 dicembre 2008. La scossa di Ml 5.2 è stata localizzata a sud di Parma ed è stata avvertita in tutta l’Italia settentrionale e in gran parte della Liguria e della Toscana. Il presente rapporto illustra lemodalità di intervento del teamQUEST, relative al rilievo degli effetti e alla valutazione in intensità MCS in particolare per le località della zona epicentrale. L’ampia documentazione fotografica illustra alcuni dettagli delle tipologie di danneggiamento rilevate e consente di comprendere meglio le valutazioni dell’intensità macrosismica. This paper presents an overview of the activities performed during the macroseismic field survey of the earthquake that occurred in the Parma and Reggio Emilia region on December 23, 2008. The mainshock (Ml=5.2), was located south of the city of Parma and was resolutely felt through Northern Italy. The report here presented shows the procedures carried out by QUEST (Quick Earthquake Survey Team), concerning the survey. QUEST has been engaged in gathering the damage information and in assessing the macroseismic intensity, in particular about the epicentral area. A copious photo collection shows details of the observed damage nature and allows to better illustrate the intensity
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-41
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: rilievo macrosismico ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
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  • 100
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    A new standard for seismic station installation of the Osservatorio Vesuviano Surveillance Network (INGV, Napoli) (2007)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Seismic networks are worldwide diffuse to monitor both volcanic and tectonic seismogenetic areas. Some differences, such the basement on which the seismometer is located and the environmental conditions, characterize the installation of seismic stations in volcanic and tectonic areas. Nevertheless, some basic principles are common. To obtain good quality seismic data is very important to realize a high grade installation of all the instruments equipping a seismic station. Several procedure must be taken into account to optimize the instrument setting up. Electronic noise may be minimize using proper connecting line and adequate grounding. Effective lightning protections are essential to save instruments from both surges and strikes. Good seismometer ground coupling improves the signal quality and the signal-to-noise ratio. These procedures have been carried out at the Osservatorio Vesuviano to improve the existing seismic network as well as the installation of the new stations. As a result of this action an improvement of both the signal-to-noise ratio and the network reliability has been obtained.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-20
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic network ; siting ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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