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  • Articles  (6,285,074)
  • Elsevier  (5,798,390)
  • Cell Press  (242,138)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (241,929)
  • PANGAEA
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  • 1
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    Elevation and age determination of Sanrobengi (2020)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-04
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 2
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    Elevation and age determination of Tambakulu (2020)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-04
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Distributions of C and O isotopes of calcite and dolomite from core M40/4_76-6 and from sediments of the Urania Basin (Fig. 3) (2008)
    PANGAEA
    In:  PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth Environmental Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-27
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    A long-term (2002 to 2017) record of closed path and open path eddy covariance CO₂ net ecosystem exchange fluxes from the Siberian Arctic (2018)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Geofluids : developments in microthermometry, spectroscopy, thermodynamics, and stable isotopes (2015)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 6
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    Literature synthesis data of surface energy fluxes and environmental drivers from Arctic vegetation and glacier sites (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: Despite the importance of surface energy budgets (SEBs) for land-climate interactions in the Arctic, uncertainties in their prediction persist. In situ observational data of SEB components - useful for research and model validation - are collected at relatively few sites across the terrestrial Arctic, and not all available datasets are readily interoperable. Furthermore, the terrestrial Arctic consists of a diversity of vegetation types, which are generally not well represented in land surface schemes of current Earth system models. This dataset describes the data generated in a literature synthesis, covering 358 study sites on vegetation or glacier (〉=60°N latitude), which contained surface energy budget observations. The literature synthesis comprised 148 publications searched on the ISI Web of Science Core Collection.
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Organic matter characteristics using lipid biomarker analysis of a rapidly eroding permafrost cliff (2021)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2023-01-27
    Description: Organic carbon (OC) stored in Arctic permafrost represents one of Earth's largest and most vulnerable terrestrial carbon pools. Amplified climate warming across the Arctic results in widespread permafrost thaw. Permafrost deposits exposed at river cliffs and coasts are particularly susceptible to thawing processes. Accelerating erosion of terrestrial permafrost along shorelines leads to increased transfer of organic matter (OM) to nearshore waters. However, the amount of terrestrial permafrost carbon and nitrogen as well as the OM quality in these deposits are still poorly quantified. Here, we characterise the sources and the quality of OM supplied to the Lena River at a rapidly eroding permafrost river shoreline cliff in the eastern part of the delta (Sobo-Sise Island). Our multi-proxy approach captures bulk elemental, molecular geochemical and carbon isotopic analyses of late Pleistocene Yedoma permafrost and Holocene cover deposits, discontinuously spanning the last ~52 ka. We show that the ancient permafrost exposed in the Sobo-Sise cliff has a high organic carbon content (mean of about 5 wt%).We found that the OM quality, which we define as the intrinsic potential to further transformation, decomposition, and mineralization, is also high as inferred by the lipid biomarker inventory. The oldest sediments stem from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 interstadial deposits (dated to 52 to 28 cal kyr BP) and is overlaid by Last Glacial MIS 2 (dated to 28 to 15 cal ka BP) and Holocene MIS 1 (dated to 7–0 cal ka BP) deposits. The relatively high average chain length (ACL) index of n-alkanes along the cliff profile indicates a predominant contribution of vascular plants to the OM composition. The elevated ratio of iso and anteiso-branched FAs relative to long chain (C ≥ 20) n-FAs in the interstadial MIS 3 and the interglacial MIS 1 deposits, suggests stronger microbial activity and consequently higher input of bacterial biomass during these climatically warmer periods. The overall high carbon preference index (CPI) and higher plant fatty acid (HPFA) values as well as high C / N ratios point to a good quality of the preserved OM and thus to a high potential of the OM for decomposition upon thaw. A decrease of HPFA values downwards along the profile probably indicates a relatively stronger OM decomposition in the oldest (MIS 3) deposits of the cliff.
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Bulk sediment characteristics and geomicrobiology of sediment core 5022-1J from Laguna Potrok Aike, southern Patagonia. (2013)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Living microorganisms inhabit every environment of the biosphere but only in the last decades their importance governing biochemical cycles in deep sediments has been widely recognized. Most investigations have been accomplished in the marine realm whereas there is a clear paucity of comparable studies in lacustrine sediments. One of the main challenges is to define geomicrobiological proxies that can be used to identify different microbial signals in the sediments. Laguna Potrok Aike, a maar lake located in Southeastern Patagonia, has an annually not stratifying cold water column with temperatures ranging between 4 and 10 °C, and most probably an anoxic water/sediment interface. These unusual features make it a peculiar and interesting site for geomicrobiological studies. Living microbial activity within the sediments was inspected by the first time in a sedimentary core retrieved during an ICDP-sponsored drilling operation. The main goals to study this cold subsaline environment were to characterize the living microbial consortium; to detect early diagenetic signals triggered by active microbes; and to investigate plausible links between climate and microbial populations. Results from a meter long gravity core suggest that microbial activity in lacustrine sediments can be sustained deeper than previously thought due to their adaptation to both changing temperature and oxygen availability. A multi-proxy study of the same core allowed defining past water column conditions and further microbial reworking of the organic fraction within the sediments. Methane content shows a gradual increase with depth as a result of the fermentation of methylated substrates, first methanogenic pathway to take place in the shallow subsurface of freshwater and subsaline environments. Statistical analyses of DGGE microbial diversity profiles indicate four clusters for Bacteria reflecting layered communities linked to the oxidant type whereas three clusters characterize Archaea communities that can be linked to both denitrifiers and methanogens. Independent sedimentary and biological proxies suggest that organic matter production and/or preservation have been lower during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) coinciding with a low microbial colonization of the sediments. Conversely, a reversed trend with higher organic matter content and substantial microbial activity characterizes the sediments deposited during the Little Ice Age (LIA). Thus, the initial sediments deposited during distinctive time intervals under contrasting environmental conditions have to be taken into account to understand their impact on the development of microbial communities throughout the sediments and their further imprint on early diagenetic signals.
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  • 9
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    Geomicrobiology, bulk sediment characteristics and pore water chemistry of sediment cores from Laguna Potrok Aike, southern Patagonia. (2013)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Authigenic minerals can form in the water column and sediments of lakes, either abiotically or mediated by biological activity. Such minerals have been used as paleosalinity and paleoproductivity indicators and reflect trophic state and early diagenetic conditions. They are also considered potential indicators of past and perhaps ongoing microbial activity within sediments. Authigenic concretions, including vivianite, were described in late glacial sediments of Laguna Potrok Aike, a maar lake in southernmost Argentina. Occurrence of iron phosphate implies specific phosphorus sorption behavior and a reducing environment, with methane present. Because organic matter content in these sediments was generally low during glacial times, there must have been alternative sources of phosphorus and biogenic methane. Identifying these sources can help define past trophic state of the lake and diagenetic processes in the sediments. We used scanning electron microscopy, phosphorus speciation in bulk sediment, pore water analyses, in situ ATP measurements, microbial cell counts, and measurements of methane content and its carbon isotope composition (d13C CH4) to identify components of and processes in the sediment. The multiple approaches indicated that volcanic materials in the catchment are important suppliers of iron, sulfur and phosphorus. These elements influence primary productivity and play a role in microbial metabolism during early diagenesis. Authigenic processes led to the formation of pyrite framboids and revealed sulfate reduction. Anaerobic oxidation of methane and shifts in pore water ion concentration indicated microbial influence with depth. This study documents the presence of active microbes within the sediments and their relationship to changing environmental conditions. It also illustrates the substantial role played by microbes in the formation of Laguna Potrok Aike concretions. Thus, authigenic minerals can be used as biosignatures in these late Pleistocene maar sediments.
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  • 10
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    Geochemistry and geomicrobiology profiles of ferruginous sediment, Lake Towuti, Indonesia. (2016)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Lake Towuti is a tectonic basin, surrounded by ultramafic rocks. Lateritic soils form through weathering and deliver abundant iron (oxy)hydroxides but very little sulfate to the lake and its sediment. To characterize the sediment biogeochemistry, we collected cores at three sites with increasing water depth and decreasing bottom water oxygen concentrations. Microbial cell densities were highest at the shallow site - a feature we attribute to the availability of labile organic matter and the higher abundance of electron acceptors due to oxic bottom water conditions. At the two other sites, OM degradation and reduction processes below the oxycline led to partial electron acceptor depletion. Genetic information preserved in the sediment as extracellular DNA provides information on aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophs related to Actinobacteria, Nitrospirae, Chloroflexi and Thermoplasmatales. These taxa apparently played a significant role in the degradation of sinking organic matter. However, extracellular DNA concentrations rapidly decrease with core depth. Despite very low sulfate concentrations, sulfate-reducing bacteria were present and viable in sediments at all three sites, as confirmed by measurement of potential sulfate reduction rates. Microbial community fingerprinting supported the presence of taxa related to Deltaproteobacteria and Firmicutes with demonstrated capacity for iron and sulfate reduction. Concomitantly, sequences of Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiales and Methanomicrobiales indicated potential for fermentative hydrogen and methane production. Such first insights into ferruginous sediments show that microbial populations perform successive metabolisms related to sulfur, iron and methane. In theory, iron reduction could reoxidize reduced sulfur compounds and desorb OM from iron minerals to allow remineralization to methane. Overall, we found that biogeochemical processes in the sediments can be linked to redox differences in the bottom waters of the three sites, like oxidant concentrations and the supply of labile OM. At the scale of the lacustrine record, our geomicrobiological study should provide a means to link the extant subsurface biosphere to past environments.
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  • 11
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    Pore water geochemistry and bulk sediment measurements of downcore profiles from site TDP-1A of the ICDP Towuti Drilling Project, Lake Towuti, Indonesia. (2019)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Pore water geochemistry and bulk sediment measurements of downcore profiles covering the upper 100 m-long sequence from site 1A, Lake Towuti, Indonesia
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  • 12
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    Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) Point Clouds of Trail Valley Creek, NWT, Canada (2016) (2018)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The airborne laser scanning (ALS) datasets were acquired at the Arctic tundra site of Trail Valley Creek (TVC), Northwest Territories, Canada, which is underlain by continuous permafrost. Basic processing and filtering steps were applied to the ALS point cloud. Based on a classification into ground and vegetation points, a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and rasters of mean and maximum vegetation heights are derived. Detailed metadata are included.
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models (2020)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-04
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Elevation and age determination of Suranti (2020)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-04
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Elevation and age determination of Kodingareng Keke (2020)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-04
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Age determination of fossil microatolls from the Spermonde Archipelago (2020)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-04
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Water level logger measurements of Tambakulu (2020)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-02
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    X-ray diffraction results of fossil microatolls from the Spermonde Archipelago (2020)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-02
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Water level logger measurements of Panambungan (2020)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-03
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  • 20
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    Water level logger measurements of Sanrobengi (2020)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-03
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    Water level logger measurements of Suranti (2020)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-03
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    Elevation and age determination of Bone Batang (2020)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2020-11-24
    Language: English
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  • 23
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    Fossil Microatoll radiocarbon and elevation records from the Spermonde Archipelago in SW Sulawesi, Indonesia, 2017 (2020)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-02
    Description: The sample set includes 25 newly sampled sea-level index points based on fossil microatoll measurements from 5 islands in the Spermonde Archipelago, 21 fossl microatoll samples previously published by Mann et al., 2016 from two Islands in the same study region and 20 marine and terrestrial limiting points (e.g. corals, shells and loamy clay) and one further sea-level index point from a Mangrove swamp published by De Klerk, 1982 and Tjia et al., 1972
    Language: English
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  • 24
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    Water level logger measurements of Bone Batang (2020)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-03
    Language: English
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  • 25
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    Water level logger measurements of Kodingareng Keke (2020)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-03
    Language: English
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  • 26
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    Living microatolls average (2020)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-04
    Language: English
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  • 27
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    Water level logger measurements of Barrang Lompo (2020)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-04
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  • 28
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    Geochemistry of sediment core M40/4_76-6 (2007)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-27
    Language: English
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  • 29
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    Geochemical analysis of sediments from three coring sites in the Mediterranean (2007)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-27
    Description: In a gravity core from the eastern Mediterranean Sea, a chemically and mineralogically distinct, 5.5-cm-thick layer is present above sapropel S-1 and overlain by hemipelagic marls. Calcite is completely absent in this exotic layer, dolomite is present only in small amounts, and the Cr concentrations are significantly enhanced. The layer was deposited primarily under reducing conditions, but the distributions of redox-sensitive elements show that a large part of the exotic layer is now oxidised by a downward-progressing oxidation front. Sediments from within the nearby anoxic, hypersaline Urania Basin are similar to those from the exotic layer, in particular in S-, C-, and O-isotope distributions of pyrite and dolomite, as well as increased Cr concentrations. Mud expulsion due to expansion of gas-rich mud is proposed to explain the presence of the exotic layer outside the Urania Basin. The deposition of an anoxic layer above S-1 shielded the sapropel from oxidation which resulted in the rare occurrence of a complete preservation of S-1 and provides the first minimum age for the start of anoxic mud accumulation in the Urania Basin.
    Language: English
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  • 30
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    Altimetry, gravimetry, GPS and viscoelastic modelling data for the joint inversion for glacial isostatic adjustment in Antarctica (ESA STSE Project REGINA), links to data files (2017)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: A major uncertainty in determining the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet from measurements of satellite gravimetry, and to a lesser extent satellite altimetry, is the poorly known correction for the ongoing deformation of the solid Earth caused by glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). In the past decade, much progress has been made in consistently modelling the ice sheet and solid Earth interactions; however, forward-modelling solutions of GIA in Antarctica remain uncertain due to the sparsity of constraints on the ice sheet evolution, as well as the Earth's rheological properties. An alternative approach towards estimating GIA is the joint inversion of multiple satellite data - namely, satellite gravimetry, satellite altimetry and GPS, which reflect, with different sensitivities, trends of recent glacial changes and GIA. Crucial to the success of this approach is the accuracy of the space-geodetic data sets. Here, we present reprocessed rates of surface-ice elevation change (Envisat/ICESat; 2003-2009), gravity field change (GRACE; 2003-2009) and bedrock uplift (GPS; 1995-2013). The data analysis is complemented by the forward-modelling of viscoelastic response functions to disc load forcing, allowing us to relate GIA-induced surface displacements with gravity changes for different rheological parameters of the solid Earth. The data and modelling results presented here form the basis for the joint inversion estimate of present-day ice-mass change and GIA in Antarctica. This paper presents the first of two contributions summarizing the work carried out within a European Space Agency funded study, REGINA.
    Language: English
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  • 31
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    Surface air temperature measured at the Argentinean–German Geodetic Observatory (AGGO), 2018-2021. (2023)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2023-08-25
    Description: Surface air temperature measurements obtained from different sensors are used to construct a unique time series with one minute time-interval. Apart from differences in design and environmental exposition, periods of missing data also exist in the data series of each sensor. A primary data set was selected in terms of quality and temporal extension. A combination of two different techniques is applied to complete this data set: one is based on the autocorrelation of the series and the other on measurements taken from other sensors. The resulting values constitute a complete series of surface air temperature at AGGO.
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  • 32
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    Effects of a brackish water inflow on peat pore water variables and methane-cycling microbial community abundances in a freshwater rewetted coastal fen. (2022)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-09
    Description: The rewetting of peatlands is a promising measure to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by preventing the further mineralization of the peat soil through aeration. In coastal peatland, the rewetting with brackish water can increase the GHG mitigation potential by the introduction of sulfate, a terminal electron acceptor (TEA). Sulfate is known to lower the CH4 production and thus, its emission by favoring the growth of sulfate-reducers, which outcompete methanogens for substrate. The data contain porewater variables such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and sulfate, chloride, dissolved CO2 and CH4 concentrations, as well as absolute abundances of methane- and sulfate-cycling microbial communities. The data were collected in spring and autumn 2019 after a storm surge with brackish water inflow in January 2019. Field sampling was conducted in the nature reserve Heiligensee and Hütelmoor in North-East Germany, close to the Southern Baltic Sea coast. We took peat cores using a Russian peat corer in addition to pore water diffusion samplers and plastic liners (length: 60cm; inner diameter 10 cm) at four locations along a transect from further inland towards the Baltic Sea. We wanted to compare the soil and pore water geochemistry as well as the microbial communities after the brackish water inflow to the common freshwater rewetting state. Pore water was extracted using pore water suction samplers in the lab and environmental variables were quantified with an ICP. Microbial samples were sampled from the peat core using sterile equipment. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to characterize pools of DNA and cDNA targeting total and putatively active bacteria and archaea. qPCR was performed on key functional genes of methane production (mcrA), aerobic methane oxidation (pmoA) and sulfate reduction (dsrB) in addition to the 16S rRNA gene for the absolute abundance of total prokaryotes. Furthermore, we retrieved soil plugs to determine the concentrations and isotopic signatures of dissolved trace gases (CO2/DIC and CH4) in the pore water.
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  • 33
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    Varve thickness of lateglacial ICDP core 5017-1-A-44 (2022)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: This dataset provides annually resolved microfacies data from ICDP core 5017-1-A, retrieved from the deep northern Dead Sea basin in 2010/11, for the last glacial-interglacial transition (ca. 14-13 ka BP). Sediments of the Lisan Formation were investigated between ~94.7 and 91.8 m sediment depth below lake floor (lithozone C2) by continuous thin section microscopy. Thin sections were prepared following the standard procedure by Brauer and Casanova (2001) that was adjusted for salty sediments. Thin section analyses were performed on overlapping large-scale thin sections using a Zeiss Axiolab pol microscope at magnifications of 50-400x. Microfacies analyses included varve counting and measurements of varve and sublayer thickness. The amount of varves in erosional gaps was interpolated and the position of mass flow deposits (MFD) is marked.
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  • 34
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    Physical properties of sea ice cores from L sites measured on leg 1 of the MOSAiC expedition (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: We present sea ice temperature and salinity data from first-year ice (FYI) and second-year ice (SYI) relevant to the temporal development of sea ice permeability and brine drainage efficiency from the early growth phase in October 2019 to the onset of spring warming in May 2020. Our dataset was collected in the central Arctic Ocean during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Expedition in 2019 to 2020. MOSAiC was an international transpolar drift expedition in which the German icebreaker RV Polarstern anchored into an ice floe to gain new insights into Arctic climate over a full annual cycle. In October 2019, RV Polarstern moored to an ice floe in the Siberian sector of the Arctic at 85 degrees north and 137 degrees east to begin the drift towards the North Pole and the Fram Strait via the Transpolar Drift Stream. The data presented here were collected during the first three legs of the expedition, so all the coring activities took place on the same floe. The end dates of legs 1, 2, and 3 were 13 December, 24 February, and 4 June, respectively. The dataset contributed to a baseline study entitled, Deciphering the properties of different Arctic ice types during the growth phase of the MOSAiC floes: Implications for future studies. The study highlights downward directed gas pathways in FYI and SYI by inferring sea ice permeability and potential brine release from several time series of temperature and salinity measurements. The physical properties presented in this paper lay the foundation for subsequent analyses on actual gas contents measured in the ice cores, as well as air-ice and ice-ocean gas fluxes. Sea ice cores were collected with a Kovacs Mark II 9 cm diameter corer. To measure ice temperatures, about 4.5 cm deep holes were drilled into the core (intervals varied by site and leg) . The temperatures were measured by a digital thermometer within minutes after the cores were retrieved. The ice cores were placed into pre-labelled plastic sleeves sealed at the bottom end. The ice cores were transported to RV Polarstern and stored in a -20 degrees Celsius freezer. Each of the cores was sub-sampled, melted at room temperature, and processed for salinity within one or two days. The practical salinity was estimated by measuring the electrical conductivity and temperature of the melted samples using a WTW Cond 3151 salinometer equipped with a Tetra-Con 325 four-electrode conductivity cell. The practical salinity represents the the salinity estimated from the electrical conductivity of the solution. The dataset also contains derived variables, including sea ice density, brine volume fraction, and the Rayleigh number.
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  • 35
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    Unknown
    n-Fatty acid composition per sediment mass in a rapidly eroding permafrost cliff (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: Organic carbon (OC) stored in Arctic permafrost represents one of Earth’s largest and most vulnerable terrestrial carbon pools. Amplified climate warming across the Arctic results in widespread permafrost thaw. Permafrost deposits exposed at river cliffs and coasts are particularly susceptible to thawing processes. Accelerating erosion of terrestrial permafrost along shorelines leads to increased transfer of organic matter (OM) to nearshore waters. However, the amount of terrestrial permafrost carbon and nitrogen as well as the OM quality in these deposits are still poorly quantified. Here, we characterise the sources and the quality of OM supplied to the Lena River at a rapidly eroding permafrost river shoreline cliff in the eastern part of the delta (Sobo-Sise Island). Our multi-proxy approach captures bulk elemental, molecular geochemical and carbon isotopic analyses of late Pleistocene Yedoma permafrost and Holocene cover deposits, discontinuously spanning the last ~52 ka. We show that the ancient permafrost exposed in the Sobo-Sise cliff has a high organic carbon content (mean of about 5 wt%).We found that the OM quality, which we define as the intrinsic potential to further transformation, decomposition, and mineralization, is also high as inferred by the lipid biomarker inventory. The oldest sediments stem from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 interstadial deposits (dated to 52 to 28 cal kyr BP) and is overlaid by Last Glacial MIS 2 (dated to 28 to 15 cal ka BP) and Holocene MIS 1 (dated to 7–0 cal ka BP) deposits. The relatively high average chain length (ACL) index of n-alkanes along the cliff profile indicates a predominant contribution of vascular plants to the OM composition. The elevated ratio of iso and anteiso-branched FAs relative to long chain (C ≥ 20) n-FAs in the interstadial MIS 3 and the interglacial MIS 1 deposits, suggests stronger microbial activity and consequently higher input of bacterial biomass during these climatically warmer periods. The overall high carbon preference index (CPI) and higher plant fatty acid (HPFA) values as well as high C / N ratios point to a good quality of the preserved OM and thus to a high potential of the OM for decomposition upon thaw. A decrease of HPFA values downwards along the profile probably indicates a relatively stronger OM decomposition in the oldest (MIS 3) deposits of the cliff.
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  • 36
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    Physical properties of sea ice cores from site MCS_FYI measured on legs 1 to 3 of the MOSAiC expedition (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: We present sea ice temperature and salinity data from first-year ice (FYI) and second-year ice (SYI) relevant to the temporal development of sea ice permeability and brine drainage efficiency from the early growth phase in October 2019 to the onset of spring warming in May 2020. Our dataset was collected in the central Arctic Ocean during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Expedition in 2019 to 2020. MOSAiC was an international transpolar drift expedition in which the German icebreaker RV Polarstern anchored into an ice floe to gain new insights into Arctic climate over a full annual cycle. In October 2019, RV Polarstern moored to an ice floe in the Siberian sector of the Arctic at 85 degrees north and 137 degrees east to begin the drift towards the North Pole and the Fram Strait via the Transpolar Drift Stream. The data presented here were collected during the first three legs of the expedition, so all the coring activities took place on the same floe. The end dates of legs 1, 2, and 3 were 13 December, 24 February, and 4 June, respectively. The dataset contributed to a baseline study entitled, Deciphering the properties of different Arctic ice types during the growth phase of the MOSAiC floes: Implications for future studies. The study highlights downward directed gas pathways in FYI and SYI by inferring sea ice permeability and potential brine release from several time series of temperature and salinity measurements. The physical properties presented in this paper lay the foundation for subsequent analyses on actual gas contents measured in the ice cores, as well as air-ice and ice-ocean gas fluxes. Sea ice cores were collected with a Kovacs Mark II 9 cm diameter corer. To measure ice temperatures, about 4.5 cm deep holes were drilled into the core (intervals varied by site and leg) . The temperatures were measured by a digital thermometer within minutes after the cores were retrieved. The ice cores were placed into pre-labelled plastic sleeves sealed at the bottom end. The ice cores were transported to RV Polarstern and stored in a -20 degrees Celsius freezer. Each of the cores was sub-sampled, melted at room temperature, and processed for salinity within one or two days. The practical salinity was estimated by measuring the electrical conductivity and temperature of the melted samples using a WTW Cond 3151 salinometer equipped with a Tetra-Con 325 four-electrode conductivity cell. The practical salinity represents the the salinity estimated from the electrical conductivity of the solution. The dataset also contains derived variables, including sea ice density, brine volume fraction, and the Rayleigh number.
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  • 37
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    Unknown
    Alkane, fatty acid, total (organic) carbon and nitrogen distribution in ancient permafrost deposits at the Batagay Megaslump, East Siberia (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: These datasets describe sediment samples taken from the Batagay megaslump, located in Yana Uplands in northeastern Siberia. Most sediment samples were taken from the slump headwall (B19-P1) by rapelling down on a rope from the slump surface and taking samples with a hole saw (diameter 55 mm, 40 mm deep) mounted on a handheld power drill. A second profile (B19-02) of the lowest part of the slump headwall was sampled (~100 m south) using a hammer and axe from the slump floor. Two permafrost sediment blocks (B19-03 and B19-04) at the slump bottom that had fallen from the headwall were sampled using a chainsaw. Finally, a baidzherakh (thermokarst mound; B19-05) in the north of the slump was sampled using a hammer and axe. The samples cover 5 stratigraphical units: 1. lower ice complex, 2. lower sand unit, 3. woody layer, 4. upper ice complex, 5. Holocene cover.
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  • 38
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    n-Fatty acid composition per total organic carbon in a rapidly eroding permafrost cliff (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: Organic carbon (OC) stored in Arctic permafrost represents one of Earth’s largest and most vulnerable terrestrial carbon pools. Amplified climate warming across the Arctic results in widespread permafrost thaw. Permafrost deposits exposed at river cliffs and coasts are particularly susceptible to thawing processes. Accelerating erosion of terrestrial permafrost along shorelines leads to increased transfer of organic matter (OM) to nearshore waters. However, the amount of terrestrial permafrost carbon and nitrogen as well as the OM quality in these deposits are still poorly quantified. Here, we characterise the sources and the quality of OM supplied to the Lena River at a rapidly eroding permafrost river shoreline cliff in the eastern part of the delta (Sobo-Sise Island). Our multi-proxy approach captures bulk elemental, molecular geochemical and carbon isotopic analyses of late Pleistocene Yedoma permafrost and Holocene cover deposits, discontinuously spanning the last ~52 ka. We show that the ancient permafrost exposed in the Sobo-Sise cliff has a high organic carbon content (mean of about 5 wt%).We found that the OM quality, which we define as the intrinsic potential to further transformation, decomposition, and mineralization, is also high as inferred by the lipid biomarker inventory. The oldest sediments stem from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 interstadial deposits (dated to 52 to 28 cal kyr BP) and is overlaid by Last Glacial MIS 2 (dated to 28 to 15 cal ka BP) and Holocene MIS 1 (dated to 7–0 cal ka BP) deposits. The relatively high average chain length (ACL) index of n-alkanes along the cliff profile indicates a predominant contribution of vascular plants to the OM composition. The elevated ratio of iso and anteiso-branched FAs relative to long chain (C ≥ 20) n-FAs in the interstadial MIS 3 and the interglacial MIS 1 deposits, suggests stronger microbial activity and consequently higher input of bacterial biomass during these climatically warmer periods. The overall high carbon preference index (CPI) and higher plant fatty acid (HPFA) values as well as high C / N ratios point to a good quality of the preserved OM and thus to a high potential of the OM for decomposition upon thaw. A decrease of HPFA values downwards along the profile probably indicates a relatively stronger OM decomposition in the oldest (MIS 3) deposits of the cliff.
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  • 39
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Alkane distribution in ancient permafrost deposits at the Batagay Megaslump, East Siberia (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Language: English
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  • 40
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    Physical properties of sea ice cores from site MCS-SYI measured on legs 1 to 3 of the MOSAiC expedition (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: We present sea ice temperature and salinity data from first-year ice (FYI) and second-year ice (SYI) relevant to the temporal development of sea ice permeability and brine drainage efficiency from the early growth phase in October 2019 to the onset of spring warming in May 2020. Our dataset was collected in the central Arctic Ocean during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Expedition in 2019 to 2020. MOSAiC was an international transpolar drift expedition in which the German icebreaker RV Polarstern anchored into an ice floe to gain new insights into Arctic climate over a full annual cycle. In October 2019, RV Polarstern moored to an ice floe in the Siberian sector of the Arctic at 85 degrees north and 137 degrees east to begin the drift towards the North Pole and the Fram Strait via the Transpolar Drift Stream. The data presented here were collected during the first three legs of the expedition, so all the coring activities took place on the same floe. The end dates of legs 1, 2, and 3 were 13 December, 24 February, and 4 June, respectively. The dataset contributed to a baseline study entitled, Deciphering the properties of different Arctic ice types during the growth phase of the MOSAiC floes: Implications for future studies. The study highlights downward directed gas pathways in FYI and SYI by inferring sea ice permeability and potential brine release from several time series of temperature and salinity measurements. The physical properties presented in this paper lay the foundation for subsequent analyses on actual gas contents measured in the ice cores, as well as air-ice and ice-ocean gas fluxes. Sea ice cores were collected with a Kovacs Mark II 9 cm diameter corer. To measure ice temperatures, about 4.5 cm deep holes were drilled into the core (intervals varied by site and leg) . The temperatures were measured by a digital thermometer within minutes after the cores were retrieved. The ice cores were placed into pre-labelled plastic sleeves sealed at the bottom end. The ice cores were transported to RV Polarstern and stored in a -20 degrees Celsius freezer. Each of the cores was sub-sampled, melted at room temperature, and processed for salinity within one or two days. The practical salinity was estimated by measuring the electrical conductivity and temperature of the melted samples using a WTW Cond 3151 salinometer equipped with a Tetra-Con 325 four-electrode conductivity cell. The practical salinity represents the the salinity estimated from the electrical conductivity of the solution. The dataset also contains derived variables, including sea ice density, brine volume fraction, and the Rayleigh number.
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  • 41
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    Rock and paleomagnetic data from two sediment cores from the Black Sea for the past 30 ka (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: Rock magnetic and paleomagnetic results covering the past 30 ka were constructed from two sediment cores MSM33_856-1 (MSM33-55-1) and MSM33_855-1 (54-3) from the Black Sea. After the Mediterranean Sea water ingression, finely laminated organic-rich sapropelic sediments and coccolith oozes were deposited in the Black Sea since about 8.3 ka. Relict magnetic minerals in the Black Sea sarpoples are ferrous hemoilmenite, Fe-Mn and Fe-Cr spinels, and magnetite inclusions. In sediments deposited between about 14 and 8 ka, greigite and pyrite were formed in sediments because of the seawater penetration from overlying sediments after the seawater ingression. Before ~14 ka, the Black Sea sediments are dominated by detrital (titano-)magnetite minerals and the sporadically formed greigite which has SIRM/kLF ratios 〉 10 kAm-2. By comparison with detrital (titano-)magnetite samples between 20-30 ka, we found that relict magnetic mineral samples between 0-8.3 ka have similar behavior in recording the geomagnetic field. Moreover, the geomagnetic field variations reconstructed from the Black Sea sapropels are comparable with other validated regional datasets for the past 8.3 ka. The natural remanent magnetization (NRM) and the anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) were measured with a 2G Enterprises 755 SRM (cryogenic) long-core magnetometer equipped with a sample holder for eight discrete samples at a separation of 20 cm. The magnetometer's in-line tri-axial alternating field (AF) demagnetizer was used to demagnetize the NRM and ARM of the samples. The NRM was measured after application of AF peak amplitudes of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 65, 80, and 100 mT. Directions of the characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) were determined by principle component analysis (PCA) according to Kirschvink (1980). The error range of the ChRM is given as the maximum angular deviation (MAD). The ARM was imparted along the samples' z-axis with a static field of 0.05 mT and an AF field of 100 mT. Demagnetization then was performed in steps of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 65, and 80 mT. The median destructive field of the ARM (MDFARM) was determined to estimate the coercivity of the sediments. The slope of NRM versus ARM of common demagnetization steps was used to determine the relative paleointensity (RPI). In most cases, demagnetization steps from 20 to 65 mT were used to determine the RPI.
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  • 42
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    TICON-td: Third-degree tidal constants based on GESLA sea-level records from globally distributed tide gauges (data) (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: This dataset provides data for four third-degree tidal constituents used in the publication of Sulzbach et al (2022). The tidal constituents provided are the 3M1, 3M3, 3N2 and 3L2 for 134 globally distributed stations. The tide information, such as the nodal modulations of these tides, are taken from Table 1 and Table S2 of Ray (2020). These tidal constants are estimated using the GESLA dataset (Woodworth et al 2014) following the approach presented in Piccioni et al (2019). This record is an add-on to the full TICON dataset (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.896587), using exactly the same data format and pre-processing. These steps include using tide gauge data that contains at least ten years of continuous data. Further, the dataset is restricted to only contain open ocean tide gauges by limiting it to a mean surrounding depth of tide gauges to be deeper than 500 meters in a 2-degree radius and excluding stations not native to the ocean domain of the employed tidal model TiME. Duplicate and closely neighbouring tide gauges, found within a 0.2-degree radius, are also removed from the dataset. This resulted in the availability of the four tidal constants for 134 tide gauges. The results are stored in one tab-separated text/ASCII file with 13 columns: 1. Latitude of the tide gauge station 2. Longitude of the tide gauge station 3. Constituent name 4. Amplitude (in cm) 5. Phase (in degrees) 6. Standard deviation of the amplitude (in cm) 7. Standard deviation of the phase (in degrees) 8. Percentage of missing observations 9. Total number of observations analyzed 10. Length of the maximum temporal gap found in the time series in days 11. Date of the first observation 12. Date of the last observation 13. Code that corresponds to the original source of the record TICON is a useful and easy-to-handle data set for tide model validation and allows the users to select the records according to the different criteria most suitable for their purposes. The options span from the choice of a geographical region to the use of single constituents or time periods.
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  • 43
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    Total (organic) carbon and nitrogen content in ancient permafrost deposits at the Batagay Megaslump, East Siberia (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Language: English
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  • 44
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    Rock and paleomagnetic results of sediment core MSM33\_856-1 over the past 30 ka (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Language: English
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  • 45
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    Microfacies data and age model from the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) Dead Sea core and the Masada outcrop (southwestern shore of the Dead Sea) (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: These datasets provide sedimentological data partly at annual resolution and an age model for the lateglacial part of (1) the ICDP sediment core 5017-1-A retrieved from the deep northern Dead Sea basin in 2010/11, and (2) for the Masada outcrop located at the southwestern shore of the Dead Sea sampled in 2018. The here investigated two sediment sections cover the last glacial-interglacial transition (ca. 17-11.5 ka BP) in the hydroclimatically sensitive Levant, when the water level of Lake Lisan – the precursor of the Dead Sea – dropped dramatically from its glacial high-stand to the Holocene low levels. Here, we analyze the interval between the last two gypsum units – the Upper Gypsum Unit (UGU) and the Additional Gypsum Unit (AGU) – which were also used to correlate the two sites. In the ICDP core this section is located between ~101 and 88.5 m sediment depth below lake floor and at Masada it encompasses the uppermost ~3.8 m sediments of the Lisan Formation, which form the terminal deposit at this site. Due to the lake level decline, the complete transition into the Holocene is only recorded in the ICDP core, while sedimentation at Masada terminates earlier. The microfacies was investigated by continuous thin section microscopy, while additional macroscopic information is provided from over- and underlying sediment sections. A revised chronology using age modelling in OxCal (Ramsey 2008; Ramsey 2009; Ramsey and Lee 2013) was developed for the ICDP core and a floating varve chronology was constructed at Masada. Using these new microfacies data from marginal (Masada) and deep-water (ICDP core) sediments, the hydroclimatic variability during the final stage of Lake Lisan can be reconstructed, which could provide important insights into the development of human sedentism in the region at this time.
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  • 46
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    Physical properties of sea ice cores from site BGC3 measured on legs 1 to 3 of the MOSAiC expedition (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: We present sea ice temperature and salinity data from first-year ice (FYI) and second-year ice (SYI) relevant to the temporal development of sea ice permeability and brine drainage efficiency from the early growth phase in October 2019 to the onset of spring warming in May 2020. Our dataset was collected in the central Arctic Ocean during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Expedition in 2019 to 2020. MOSAiC was an international transpolar drift expedition in which the German icebreaker RV Polarstern anchored into an ice floe to gain new insights into Arctic climate over a full annual cycle. In October 2019, RV Polarstern moored to an ice floe in the Siberian sector of the Arctic at 85 degrees north and 137 degrees east to begin the drift towards the North Pole and the Fram Strait via the Transpolar Drift Stream. The data presented here were collected during the first three legs of the expedition, so all the coring activities took place on the same floe. The end dates of legs 1, 2, and 3 were 13 December, 24 February, and 4 June, respectively. The dataset contributed to a baseline study entitled, Deciphering the properties of different Arctic ice types during the growth phase of the MOSAiC floes: Implications for future studies. The study highlights downward directed gas pathways in FYI and SYI by inferring sea ice permeability and potential brine release from several time series of temperature and salinity measurements. The physical properties presented in this paper lay the foundation for subsequent analyses on actual gas contents measured in the ice cores, as well as air-ice and ice-ocean gas fluxes. Sea ice cores were collected with a Kovacs Mark II 9 cm diameter corer. To measure ice temperatures, about 4.5 cm deep holes were drilled into the core (intervals varied by site and leg) . The temperatures were measured by a digital thermometer within minutes after the cores were retrieved. The ice cores were placed into pre-labelled plastic sleeves sealed at the bottom end. The ice cores were transported to RV Polarstern and stored in a -20 degrees Celsius freezer. Each of the cores was sub-sampled, melted at room temperature, and processed for salinity within one or two days. The practical salinity was estimated by measuring the electrical conductivity and temperature of the melted samples using a WTW Cond 3151 salinometer equipped with a Tetra-Con 325 four-electrode conductivity cell. The practical salinity represents the the salinity estimated from the electrical conductivity of the solution. The dataset also contains derived variables, including sea ice density, brine volume fraction, and the Rayleigh number.
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  • 47
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    Fatty acid distribution in ancient permafrost deposits at the Batagay Megaslump, East Siberia (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Language: English
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  • 48
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    Varve thickness of lateglacial ICDP core 5017-1-A (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: This dataset provides annually resolved microfacies data from ICDP core 5017-1-A, retrieved from the deep northern Dead Sea basin in 2010/11, for the last glacial-interglacial transition (ca. 17-11.5 ka BP). Sediments of the Lisan Formation were investigated between ~101 and 88.5 m sediment depth below lake floor by continuous thin section microscopy, while additional macroscopic information is provided from core catchers, as well as from over- and underlying sediment sections. Thin sections were prepared following the standard procedure by Brauer and Casanova (2001) that was adjusted for salty sediments. Thin section analyses were performed on overlapping large-scale thin sections using a Zeiss Axiolab pol microscope at magnifications of 50-400x. Microfacies analyses included varve counting and measurements of varve and sublayer thickness.
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  • 49
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    Harmonized in-situ observations of surface energy fluxes and environmental drivers at 64 Arctic vegetation and glacier sites - Metadata (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: Despite the importance of surface energy budgets (SEBs) for land-climate interactions in the Arctic, uncertainties in their prediction persist. In situ observational data of SEB components - useful for research and model validation - are collected at relatively few sites across the terrestrial Arctic, and not all available datasets are readily interoperable. Furthermore, the terrestrial Arctic consists of a diversity of vegetation types, which are generally not well represented in land surface schemes of current Earth system models. This dataset contains metadata information about surface energy budget components measured at 64 tundra and glacier sites 〉60° N across the Arctic. This information was taken from the open-access repositories FLUXNET, Ameriflux, AON, GC-Net and PROMICE. The contained datasets are associated with the publication vegetation type as an important predictor of the Arctic Summer Land Surface Energy Budget by Oehri et al. 2022, and intended to support research of surface energy budgets and their relationship with environmental conditions, in particular vegetation characteristics across the terrestrial Arctic.
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  • 50
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    Age model of lateglacial ICDP core 5017-1-A (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: This dataset provides the results from Bayesian age depth modelling in OxCal for ICDP core 5017-1-A, retrieved from the deep northern Dead Sea basin in 2010/11, for the last glacial-interglacial transition between ~101 and 88.5 m sediment depth below lake floor (ca. 17-11.5 ka BP). The model was performed in OxCal v.4.4 using a P_Sequence (1,1,C(-2,2)) (Ramsey 2008; Ramsey 2009; Ramsey and Lee 2013) and includes three tephrochronological ages from Neugebauer et al. (2021) and three radiocarbon ages from Kitagawa et al. (2017).
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  • 51
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    Harmonized in-situ observations of surface energy fluxes and environmental drivers at 64 Arctic vegetation and glacier sites - Surface energy budget componenent data (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: Despite the importance of surface energy budgets (SEBs) for land-climate interactions in the Arctic, uncertainties in their prediction persist. In situ observational data of SEB components - useful for research and model validation - are collected at relatively few sites across the terrestrial Arctic, and not all available datasets are readily interoperable. Furthermore, the terrestrial Arctic consists of a diversity of vegetation types, which are generally not well represented in land surface schemes of current Earth system models. This dataset comprises harmonized, standardized and aggregated in-situ observations of surface energy budget components measured at 64 sites on vegetated and glaciated sites north of 60° latitude, in the time period from 1994 till 2021. The surface energy budget components include net radiation, sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, ground heat flux, net shortwave radiation, net longwave radiation, surface temperature and albedo, which were aggregated to daily mean, minimum and maximum values from hourly and half-hourly measurements. Data were retrieved from the monitoring networks FLUXNET, AmeriFlux, AON, GC-Net and PROMICE.
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  • 52
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    Physical properties of sea ice cores from site BGC2 measured on legs 1 to 3 of the MOSAiC expedition (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: We present sea ice temperature and salinity data from first-year ice (FYI) and second-year ice (SYI) relevant to the temporal development of sea ice permeability and brine drainage efficiency from the early growth phase in October 2019 to the onset of spring warming in May 2020. Our dataset was collected in the central Arctic Ocean during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Expedition in 2019 to 2020. MOSAiC was an international transpolar drift expedition in which the German icebreaker RV Polarstern anchored into an ice floe to gain new insights into Arctic climate over a full annual cycle. In October 2019, RV Polarstern moored to an ice floe in the Siberian sector of the Arctic at 85 degrees north and 137 degrees east to begin the drift towards the North Pole and the Fram Strait via the Transpolar Drift Stream. The data presented here were collected during the first three legs of the expedition, so all the coring activities took place on the same floe. The end dates of legs 1, 2, and 3 were 13 December, 24 February, and 4 June, respectively. The dataset contributed to a baseline study entitled, Deciphering the properties of different Arctic ice types during the growth phase of the MOSAiC floes: Implications for future studies. The study highlights downward directed gas pathways in FYI and SYI by inferring sea ice permeability and potential brine release from several time series of temperature and salinity measurements. The physical properties presented in this paper lay the foundation for subsequent analyses on actual gas contents measured in the ice cores, as well as air-ice and ice-ocean gas fluxes. Sea ice cores were collected with a Kovacs Mark II 9 cm diameter corer. To measure ice temperatures, about 4.5 cm deep holes were drilled into the core (intervals varied by site and leg) . The temperatures were measured by a digital thermometer within minutes after the cores were retrieved. The ice cores were placed into pre-labelled plastic sleeves sealed at the bottom end. The ice cores were transported to RV Polarstern and stored in a -20 degrees Celsius freezer. Each of the cores was sub-sampled, melted at room temperature, and processed for salinity within one or two days. The practical salinity was estimated by measuring the electrical conductivity and temperature of the melted samples using a WTW Cond 3151 salinometer equipped with a Tetra-Con 325 four-electrode conductivity cell. The practical salinity represents the the salinity estimated from the electrical conductivity of the solution. The dataset also contains derived variables, including sea ice density, brine volume fraction, and the Rayleigh number.
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    Physical properties of sea ice cores for biogeochemistry studies measured on legs 1 to 3 of the MOSAiC expedition (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: We present sea ice temperature and salinity data from first-year ice (FYI) and second-year ice (SYI) relevant to the temporal development of sea ice permeability and brine drainage efficiency from the early growth phase in October 2019 to the onset of spring warming in May 2020. Our dataset was collected in the central Arctic Ocean during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Expedition in 2019 to 2020. MOSAiC was an international transpolar drift expedition in which the German icebreaker RV Polarstern anchored into an ice floe to gain new insights into Arctic climate over a full annual cycle. In October 2019, RV Polarstern moored to an ice floe in the Siberian sector of the Arctic at 85 degrees north and 137 degrees east to begin the drift towards the North Pole and the Fram Strait via the Transpolar Drift Stream. The data presented here were collected during the first three legs of the expedition, so all the coring activities took place on the same floe. The end dates of legs 1, 2, and 3 were 13 December, 24 February, and 4 June, respectively. The dataset contributed to a baseline study entitled, Deciphering the properties of different Arctic ice types during the growth phase of the MOSAiC floes: Implications for future studies. The study highlights downward directed gas pathways in FYI and SYI by inferring sea ice permeability and potential brine release from several time series of temperature and salinity measurements. The physical properties presented in this paper lay the foundation for subsequent analyses on actual gas contents measured in the ice cores, as well as air-ice and ice-ocean gas fluxes. Sea ice cores were collected with a Kovacs Mark II 9 cm diameter corer. To measure ice temperatures, about 4.5 cm deep holes were drilled into the core (intervals varied by site and leg) . The temperatures were measured by a digital thermometer within minutes after the cores were retrieved. The ice cores were placed into pre-labelled plastic sleeves sealed at the bottom end. The ice cores were transported to RV Polarstern and stored in a -20 degrees Celsius freezer. Each of the cores was sub-sampled, melted at room temperature, and processed for salinity within one or two days. The practical salinity was estimated by measuring the electrical conductivity and temperature of the melted samples using a WTW Cond 3151 salinometer equipped with a Tetra-Con 325 four-electrode conductivity cell. The practical salinity represents the the salinity estimated from the electrical conductivity of the solution. The dataset also contains derived variables, including sea ice density, brine volume fraction, and the Rayleigh number.
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    Biogeochemical parameters of thawed sediments underneath a Yedoma and Alas thermokarst lake in Eastern Siberia, version 2 (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: This dataset describes two 17 m long sediment cores taken from beneath two thermokarst lakes in the Yukechi Alas, Central Yakutia, Russia. The first core was taken from below an Alas thermokarst lake (YU-L7; 61.76397°N, 130.46442°E) and the second core below and Yedoma lake (YU-L15; 61.76086°N, 130.47466°E). The dataset presents biogeochemical and biomarker parameters of sediment cores YU-L7 and YU-L15. Biogeochemical analyses include total carbon (TC) content, total organic carbon (TOC) content, total nitrogen (TN) content. Biomarker parameters include the n-alkane concentration, average chain length (ACL), carbon preference index (CPI), brGDGT concentration, archaeol concentration and the isoGDGT-0 concentration. The n-alkanes were measured in the aliphatic fraction by gas chromatography-mass spectromety using a Trace GC Ultra coupled to a DSQ MS. The branched and isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers, as well as the dialkyl glycerol diether lipid (archaeol) were measured in the NSO fraction using a Shimadzu LC-10AD high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a Finnigan TSQ 7000 mass spectrometer via an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface. The pH soil is the sediment pH which was assessed by adding 6.12 mL of 0.01 M CaCl~2~ to ~2.5 g dried sediment and measuring with a Multilab 540 (WTW) at 20°C.
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  • 55
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    Physical properties of sea ice cores from site BGC1 measured on legs 1 to 3 of the MOSAiC expedition (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: We present sea ice temperature and salinity data from first-year ice (FYI) and second-year ice (SYI) relevant to the temporal development of sea ice permeability and brine drainage efficiency from the early growth phase in October 2019 to the onset of spring warming in May 2020. Our dataset was collected in the central Arctic Ocean during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Expedition in 2019 to 2020. MOSAiC was an international transpolar drift expedition in which the German icebreaker RV Polarstern anchored into an ice floe to gain new insights into Arctic climate over a full annual cycle. In October 2019, RV Polarstern moored to an ice floe in the Siberian sector of the Arctic at 85 degrees north and 137 degrees east to begin the drift towards the North Pole and the Fram Strait via the Transpolar Drift Stream. The data presented here were collected during the first three legs of the expedition, so all the coring activities took place on the same floe. The end dates of legs 1, 2, and 3 were 13 December, 24 February, and 4 June, respectively. The dataset contributed to a baseline study entitled, Deciphering the properties of different Arctic ice types during the growth phase of the MOSAiC floes: Implications for future studies. The study highlights downward directed gas pathways in FYI and SYI by inferring sea ice permeability and potential brine release from several time series of temperature and salinity measurements. The physical properties presented in this paper lay the foundation for subsequent analyses on actual gas contents measured in the ice cores, as well as air-ice and ice-ocean gas fluxes. Sea ice cores were collected with a Kovacs Mark II 9 cm diameter corer. To measure ice temperatures, about 4.5 cm deep holes were drilled into the core (intervals varied by site and leg) . The temperatures were measured by a digital thermometer within minutes after the cores were retrieved. The ice cores were placed into pre-labelled plastic sleeves sealed at the bottom end. The ice cores were transported to RV Polarstern and stored in a -20 degrees Celsius freezer. Each of the cores was sub-sampled, melted at room temperature, and processed for salinity within one or two days. The practical salinity was estimated by measuring the electrical conductivity and temperature of the melted samples using a WTW Cond 3151 salinometer equipped with a Tetra-Con 325 four-electrode conductivity cell. The practical salinity represents the the salinity estimated from the electrical conductivity of the solution. The dataset also contains derived variables, including sea ice density, brine volume fraction, and the Rayleigh number.
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    Harmonized in-situ observations of surface energy fluxes and environmental drivers at 64 Arctic vegetation and glacier sites (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: Despite the importance of surface energy budgets (SEBs) for land-climate interactions in the Arctic, uncertainties in their prediction persist. In-situ observational data of SEB components - useful for research and model validation - are collected at relatively few sites across the terrestrial Arctic, and not all available datasets are readily interoperable. Furthermore, the terrestrial Arctic consists of a diversity of vegetation types, which are generally not well represented in land surface schemes of current Earth system models. Therefore, we here provide four datasets comprising: 1. Harmonized, standardized and aggregated in situ observations of SEB components at 64 vegetated and glaciated sites north of 60° latitude, in the time period 1994-2021 2. A description of all study sites and associated environmental conditions, including the vegetation types, which correspond to the classification of the Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map (CAVM, Raynolds et al. 2019). 3. Data generated in a literature synthesis from 358 study sites on vegetation or glacier (〉=60°N latitude) covered by 148 publications. 4. Metadata, including data contributor information and measurement heights of variables associated with Oehri et al. 2022.
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    Lithology of lateglacial ICDP core 5017-1-A (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: This dataset provides lithological data from ICDP core 5017-1-A, retrieved from the deep northern Dead Sea basin in 2010/11, for the last glacial-interglacial transition (ca. 17-11.5 ka BP). The microfacies of the Lisan Formation was investigated between ~101 and 88.5 m sediment depth below lake floor by continuous thin section microscopy, while additional macroscopic information is provided from core catchers, as well as from over- and underlying sediment sections. Thin sections were prepared following the standard procedure by Brauer and Casanova (2001) that was adjusted for salty sediments. Thin section analyses were performed on overlapping large-scale thin sections using a Zeiss Axiolab pol microscope at magnifications of 50-400x.
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    Rock and paleomagnetic results of sediment core MSM33\_855-1 over the past 30 ka (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Language: English
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    Lateral and vertical carbon fluxes from the polygonal tundra in the Lena River Delta, Siberia (summer 2014) (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: This dataset contains observations of water discharge rates and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from a polygonal tundra site in the Lena River Delta, Russia. This dataset also contains lateral carbon fluxes of DOC and DIC that were estimated from these observations. Additionally, this dataset contains vertical fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane from the same study site. All observations were recorded on Samoylov Island (N 72.377188, E 126.495144) in the summer of 2014. The abbreviations A1, A2 and B refer to three outflows on the island where the hydrological parameters were observed (A1: N 72.379991, E 126.480886; A2: N 72.380134, E 126.481433; B: N 72.381348, E 126.483482). All outflows were approximately 10 meters. More information can be found in https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3863-2022.
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  • 60
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    Harmonized in-situ observations of surface energy fluxes and environmental drivers at 64 Arctic vegetation and glacier sites - Environmental conditions (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: Despite the importance of surface energy budgets (SEBs) for land-climate interactions in the Arctic, uncertainties in their prediction persist. In situ observational data of SEB components - useful for research and model validation - are collected at relatively few sites across the terrestrial Arctic, and not all available datasets are readily interoperable. Furthermore, the terrestrial Arctic consists of a diversity of vegetation types, which are generally not well represented in land surface schemes of current Earth system models. This dataset describes the environmental conditions for 64 tundra and glacier sites (〉=60°N latitude) across the Arctic, for which in situ measurements of surface energy budget components were harmonized (see Oehri et al. 2022). These environmental conditions are (proxies of) potential drivers of SEB-components and could therefore be called SEB-drivers. The associated environmental conditions, include the vegetation types graminoid tundra, prostrate dwarf-shrub tundra, erect-shrub tundra, wetland complexes, barren complexes (≤ 40% horizontal plant cover), boreal peat bogs and glacier. These land surface types (apart from boreal peat bogs) correspond to the main classification units of the Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map (CAVM, Raynolds et al. 2019). For each site, additional climatic and biophysical variables are available, including cloud cover, snow cover duration, permafrost characteristics, climatic conditions and topographic conditions.
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    Marine ERT surveys acquired in the region of Tuktoyaktuk Island, Northwest Territories, Canada (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: This dataset contains over 30 marine Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) profiles taken in September 2021 around Tuktoyaktuk Island (NWT / Beaufort Sea, Canada). The measurements were part of the “Mackenzie Delta Permafrost Field Campaign” (mCan2021) within the “Modular Observation solutions for Earth Systems” (MOSES) program. The collected profiles consist of numerous adjacent vertical soundings in a (quasi-symmetric) reciprocal Wenner-Schlumberger array, using a floating cable towed behind a boat. GPS records along the electrode streamer were taken, enabling the improvement of pre- processing by excluding measurements for which the cable was curved and electrode positions deviated too widely. The aim of the study was to determine the depth of the submarine permafrost. Cleaned data is provided in csv format.
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    Permafrost related measurements in the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, Canada, from the MOSES field campaign in September 2021 (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: This collection contains permafrost related measurements in the Mackenzie Delta, NWT, Canada from the MOSES (Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems) field campaign in September 2021. The field campaign was focused on three subaquatic sites: a small thermokarst lake along the ITH just south of Trail Valley Creek, "Lake 3", an elongated lake with known methane occurence in the outer Mackenzie Delta, "Swiss Cheese Lake", and north and south of Tuktoyaktuk Island. At "Swiss Cheese Lake", we measured methane and CO2 concentrations in surface water and in the air above the lake, lake bed temperatures and detailed bathymetry. At "Lake 3" we measured active layer thickness on the lake banks, lake bed temperatures, and detailed bathymetry, as well as an ERT survey to estimate the talik depth below the lake. North and south of Tuktoyaktuk Island, we measured active layer thickness and sea bed temperatures and did an extensive ERT survey to obtain the depth of the subsea permafrost table. An additional passive seismic survey was carried out and the data is available at https://doi.org/10.5880/GIPP.202199.1.
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    Lacustrine and amphibian ERT surveys acquired in the region of Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: This dataset contains seven Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) profiles taken in September 2021 at “Lake 3”, a thermokarst lake near the Inuvik-Tuktoyaktuk-Highway (ITH), about 50 km north of Inuvik (NWT, Canada). The measurements were part of the “Mackenzie Delta Permafrost Field Campaign” (mCan2021) within the “Modular Observation solutions for Earth Systems” (MOSES) program. The collected profiles consist of numerous adjacent vertical soundings in a (quasi-symmetric) reciprocal Wenner-Schlumberger array. In addition to surveys on the lake, using a floating cable towed behind a boat, two “amphibian” profiles were taken. Starting as purely terrestrial surveys using metal spike electrodes, the cable was then moved towards the lake with some of the electrodes floating on the water surface, and some still on land. The aim of the study was to determine permafrost properties on the land, to detect a possible talik beneath the lake and to especially be able to infer the transition between the two below the shoreline.
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    Bulk stable isotopes of composite sediment core NC_08/01 (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: Presented are analytical data from lacustrine sediment cores, retrieved from Lake Nam Co (Tibetan Plateau). The sediment core is a composite of one gravity core, taken with a Rumohr-Meischner gravity corer (63 mm diameter) and a piston core, retrieved using an uwitec piston coring system (http://www.uwitec.at; 90 mm diameter). The composite core labelled 〈NC 08/01〉 comprises a total length of 10.378 m. The cores were obtained at N 30.737417, E 090.790333 at a water depth of 93 m on 2008-09-15. The purpose of obtaining this sediment core was to establish a high-resolution record of climate (monsoonal) and environmental change using multiple proxy data. The dataset comprises analytical data based on sedimentological, inorganic geochemical, mineralogical and isotope-geochemical methods. Specifically: sediment water content & density; magnetic susceptibility; particel size data; quantitative inorganic geochemical data (ICP-OES aqua regia and HCL digestions); semi-quantitative XRF elemental data; carbon, nitrogen, sulfur contents; qualitative mineralogical data; bulk sediment stable carbon and oxygen isotope data.
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    Standardized element data of sediment core EN18208 from Lake Sysy-Kyuele (Yakutia, Russia) (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: This data set is part of a larger data harmonization effort to make lake sediment core data machine readable and comparable. Here we standardized X-ray fluorescence line scanning (XRF)-based element data of sediment core EN18208, retrieved in 2018 from Lake Ilirney (Chukotka, Russia) at 10.76 m water depth. The glacial lake Ilirney is situated in the forest tundra mountain area and has one outflow, one main inflow and several smaller inflows. It lies at an elevation of ca. 428 m a.s.l. with a surface area of ca. 30 km2 and a maximum lake water depth of estimated 44 m. The 10.76 m sediment core was retrieved by a UWITEC piston corer during the RU-Land_2018_Chukotka expedition of the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI, Germany, Potsdam) in cooperation with the North Eastern Federal State University (NEFU, Russia, Yakutsk). The downcore elemental composition was measured using an AVAATECH x-ray fluorescence core scanner at Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) in Berlin, Spandau.
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    Standardized radiocarbon data of sediment core EN18208 from Lake Ilirney (Chukotka, Russia) (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: This data set is part of a larger data harmonization effort to make lake sediment core data machine readable and comparable. Here we standardized radiocarbon and OSL age data of sediment core EN18208, retrieved in 2018 from Lake Ilirney (Chukotka, Russia) at 10.76 m water depth. The glacial lake Ilirney is situated in the forest tundra mountain area and has one outflow, one main inflow and several smaller inflows. It lies at an elevation of ca. 428 m a.s.l. with a surface area of ca. 30 km2 and a maximum lake water depth of estimated 44 m. The 10.76 m sediment core was retrieved by a UWITEC piston corer during the RU-Land_2018_Chukotka expedition of the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI, Germany, Potsdam) in cooperation with the North Eastern Federal State University (NEFU, Russia, Yakutsk). Radiocarbon data have been analysed from bulk sediment samples in Bremerhaven at the MICADAS laboratory. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating was performed at the Royal Holloway Luminescence Laboratory using a Risø TL/OSL-DA-15 automated dating system.
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    Dharamjali speleothem trace elements and stable isotopes (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: A 25-cm long predominantly aragonite stalagmite was collected November 2, 2005 from Dharamjali Cave (29.5°N, 80.2°E) in the central Himalayas. This dataset contains stable isotope, trace element, XRF, U/Th dating, and dripwater data. The age model spans 4.2 to 2.3 ka BP, and the dataset records seasonal shifts in hydroclimate from 4.2 to 3.1 ka BP. Using the DHAR-1A half of the speleothem, 750 samples were milled at 100–300 µm resolution for stable isotope analysis (δ18O and δ13C) and analyzed at GFZ Potsdam. Further high-resolution stable isotope analysis at the University of Cambridge included 876 samples from the bottom 4 cm of the mirroring slab DHAR-1B, covering c. 4.2–3.6 ka BP. The δ44/40Ca measurements were made on 60 aragonite samples of aragonite and 1 calcite sample milled between 4.2 and 2.8 ka BP. The elemental composition of DHAR-1B was determined first with an Avaatech XRF scanner at the University of Cambridge, and later using laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) at the University of Waikato. U-series dating was performed at Caltech on 22 samples. Twelve U-series ages (between 2.55 and 4.14 ka BP) were used to construct the age models, using ensembles of 2000 Monte Carlo simulations for each proxy using the MATLAB-based COPRA script (Breitenbach et al., 2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1765-2012).
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    Standardized grain size data of sediment core EN18208 from Lake Sysy-Kyuele (Yakutia, Russia) (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: This data set is part of a larger data harmonization effort to make lake sediment core data machine readable and comparable. Here we standardized grain size element data of sediment core EN18208, retrieved in 2018 from Lake Ilirney (Chukotka, Russia) at 10.76 m water depth. The glacial lake Ilirney is situated in the forest tundra mountain area and has one outflow, one main inflow and several smaller inflows. It lies at an elevation of ca. 428 m a.s.l. with a surface area of ca. 30 km2 and a maximum lake water depth of estimated 44 m. The 10.76 m sediment core was retrieved by a UWITEC piston corer during the RU-Land_2018_Chukotka expedition of the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI, Germany, Potsdam) in cooperation with the North Eastern Federal State University (NEFU, Russia, Yakutsk). Grain-size was measured using a Malvern Mastersizer 3000 laser diffraction particle analyser.
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    Standardized mineral data of sediment core EN18208 from Lake Ilirney (Chukotka, Russia) (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: This data set is part of a larger data harmonization effort to make lake sediment core data machine readable and comparable. Here we standardized mineral data of sediment core EN18208, retrieved in 2018 from Lake Ilirney (Chukotka, Russia) at 10.76 m water depth. The glacial lake Ilirney is situated in the forest tundra mountain area and has one outflow, one main inflow and several smaller inflows. It lies at an elevation of ca. 428 m a.s.l. with a surface area of ca. 30 km2 and a maximum lake water depth of estimated 44 m. The 10.76 m sediment core was retrieved by a UWITEC piston corer during the RU-Land_2018_Chukotka expedition of the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI, Germany, Potsdam) in cooperation with the North Eastern Federal State University (NEFU, Russia, Yakutsk). Bulk mineralogy was analysed by (x-ray diffractometry (XRD) using a (PHILIPS, Netherlands) PW1820 goniometer.
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    Standardized organic geochemistry data of sediment core EN18208 from Lake Ilirney (Chukotka, Russia) (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: This data set is part of a larger data harmonization effort to make lake sediment core data machine readable and comparable. Here we standardized radiocarbon and OSL age data of sediment core EN18208, retrieved in 2018 from Lake Ilirney (Chukotka, Russia) at 10.76 m water depth. The glacial lake Ilirney is situated in the forest tundra mountain area and has one outflow, one main inflow and several smaller inflows. It lies at an elevation of ca. 428 m a.s.l. with a surface area of ca. 30 km2 and a maximum lake water depth of estimated 44 m. The 10.76 m sediment core was retrieved by a UWITEC piston corer during the RU-Land_2018_Chukotka expedition of the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI, Germany, Potsdam) in cooperation with the North Eastern Federal State University (NEFU, Russia, Yakutsk). Water content and organic matter was analysed at AWI Potsdam. Dried and milled samples were analysed using a Vario EL III carbon-nitrogen-sulphur analyser. Organic carbon content was determined using a Vario MAX C analyser.
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    Relative humidity measured at the Argentinean–German Geodetic Observatory (AGGO), 2018-2021 (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-18
    Description: Surface air temperature measurements obtained from different sensors are used to construct a unique time series with one minute time-interval. Apart from differences in design and environmental exposition, periods of missing data also exist in the data series of each sensor. A primary data set was selected in terms of quality and temporal extension. A combination of two different techniques is applied to complete this data set: one is based on the autocorrelation of the series and the other on measurements taken from other sensors. The resulting values constitute a complete series of surface air temperature at AGGO.
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    Time series of water samples and stable water isotope measurements collected at Puente Lavalle (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-24
    Description: This dataset contain stable isotope values for water samples collected ~weekly from the Rio Bermejo at the Lavalle bridge (-25.6513, -60.1277) from March 2016 to February 2018. Water samples were filtered to 0.2 micron using a custom filtration device. We measured d2H and d18O on a Picarro L-2140i Cavity Ring-Down Spectrometer at the GFZ Potsdam. Measurements were made in duplicate, normalized to the Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW), and analytical uncertainty is reported as one standard deviation from the mean. River discharge was measured at the El Colorado gauging station, which is ~100 km down slope from the sampling location.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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    Lake Uddelermeer: Holocene Geochemistry data (alkanes, GDGt, delta-Deuterium, CNHS) (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-24
    Description: This dataset provides the geochemistry data for the Holocene sediment sequence retrieved from Lake Uddelermeer (The Netherlands) in 2012. Additionally, alkane concentrations for a set of modern leaf samples are provided. Concentrations of fossil alkanes, GDGTs as well as elemental (C, N, S, H) and compound-specific delta Deuterium measurements are presented against both depth (cm) and age (cal yr. BP). A total of 59 samples were analysed. Modern leaf alkane concentrations are presented as concentrations, 10 samples were analysed. The geochemical data provides information about regional vegetation change as well as changes in effective precipitation. It was produced to inform on the age and duration of major environmental transitions during the middle and late Holocene. Cores were retrieved from the lake using a 3-m long handheld piston corer deployed from a floating coring platform during field work in April and May 2012. Samples were obtained from splits of the core and processed in the laboratory of the University of Amsterdam (the Netherlands) using standard protocols (CNHS, alkane concentrations), the laboratory of Utrecht University (the Netherlands; GDGT concentrations) and at GFZ Potsdam (Germany; delta Deuterium). Name of the Campaign: UDD Event Label: UDD-E Method: Uwitec piston corer Latitude: 52.24652778 Longitude: 5.76097222 Elevation: 24m asl Date/Time of event: 2012-05-01T14:00:00 Further information about event: Lake sediment sequence retrieved using a 60 mm piston corer deployed from a floating platform.
    Language: English
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    Dissolved concentrations of major elements and water isotopes for water samples from the Rio Bermejo mainstem, tributaries, spring-fed channels, and groundwater wells (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-24
    Description: Water samples were filtered to 0.2 micron prior to measurement. Samples for cation analysis were acidified in the field to pH 〈 2 using 6N HNO3. Cation concentrations were measured with a Varian 720 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) at the GFZ Helmholtz Laboratory for the Geochemistry of the Earth Surface (HELGES), using SLRS-5 (Saint-Laurent River Surface, National Research Council - Conseil National de Recherches Canada) and USGS M212 and USGS T187 as external standards. We corrected for instrument drift by measuring an internal standard (GFZ-RW1) every 10 samples and we determined measurement uncertainty using calibration curve uncertainty. Anion concentrations were measured with a Dionex ICS1100 Ion Chromatograph, using USGS standards M206 and M212 as external standards for quality control, with uncertainty determined from triplicate analysis. We corrected cation concentrations for cyclic salt inputs following Bickle et al. (2005, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.11.019).
    Language: English
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    Anaerobic respiration in a boreal wetland and surrounding habitats, across a hydrological transect. (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This dataset reports measurements from a laboratory incubation of soils sourced from a boreal peatland and surrounding habitats (Siikaneva Bog, Finland). In August 2021, soil cores were collected from three habitat zones: a well-drained upland forest, an intermediate margin ecotone, and a Sphagnum moss bog. The cores from each habitat were taken from surface to approximately 50cm below surface using an Eijelkamp peat corer and subdivided by soil horizon. The samples were then incubated anaerobically for 140 days in three temperature treatment groups (0, 4, 20°C). Subsamples of the incubations headspace (250 µL) were measured on a gas chromatograph (7890A, Agilent Technologies, USA) with flame ionization detection (FID) for CO2 and CH4 concentrations. The rate of respiration from the samples were calculated per gram carbon and per gram soil as described in the method of Robertson., et al. (1999) and reported here, along with other relevant parameters.
    Language: English
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    Data collection of the sediment core MR16-09_PC03 in the Southeast Pacific (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
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  • 77
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    The Mekong River Basin : Ecohydrological Complexity from Catchment to Coast (2024)
    Elsevier
    In:  Ecohydrological Complexity from Catchment to Coast
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: The Mekong River Basin: Ecohydrological Complexity from Catchment to Coast, Volume Three presents real facts, data and predictions for quantifying human-induced changes throughout the Mekong watershed, including its estuaries and coasts, and proposes solutions to decrease or mitigate the negative effect and enable sustainable development. This is the first work to link socio–ecological interaction study over the whole Mekong River basin through the lens of ecohydrology. Each chapter is written by a leading expert, with coverage on climate change, groundwater, land use, flooding drought, biodiversity and anthropological issues. Human activities are enormous in the whole watershed and are still increasing throughout the catchment, with severe negative impacts on natural resources are emerging. Among these activities, hydropower dams, especially a series of 11 dams in China, are the most critical as they generate massive changes throughout the system, including in the delta and to the livelihoods of millions of people and they threaten sustainability.
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  • 78
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    An expanded non-Arrhenian model for silicate melt viscosity: A treatment for metaluminous, peraluminous and peralkaline liquids (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-29
    Description: We present new viscosity measurements for melts spanning a wide range of anhydrous compositions including: rhyolite, trachyte, moldavite, andesite, latite, pantellerite, basalt and basanite. Micropenetration and concentric cylinder viscometry measurements cover a viscosity range of 10−1 to 1012 Pas and a temperature range from 700 to 1650 °C. These new measurements, combined with other published data, provide a high-quality database comprising ∼800 experimental data on 44 well-characterized melt compositions. This database is used to recalibrate the model proposed by Giordano and Dingwell [Giordano, D., Dingwell, D. B., 2003a. Non-Arrhenian multicomponent melt viscosity: a model. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 208, 337–349] for predicting the viscosity of natural silicate melts. The present contribution clearly shows that: (1) the viscosity (η)–temperature relationship of natural silicate liquids is very well represented by the VFT equation [log η=A+B/ (T−C)] over the full range of viscosity considered here, (2) the use of a constant high-T limiting value of melt viscosity (e.g., A) is fully consistent with the experimental data, (3) there are 3 different compositional suites (peralkaline, metaluminous and peraluminous) that exhibit different patterns in viscosity, (4) the viscosity of metaluminous liquids is well described by a simple mathematical expression involving the compositional parameter (SM) but the compositional dependence of viscosity for peralkaline and peraluminous melts is not fully controlled by SM. For these extreme compositions we refitted the model using a temperature-dependent parameter based on the excess of alkalies relative to alumina (e.g., AE/SM). The recalibrated model reproduces the entire database to within 5% relative error (e.g., RMSE of 0.45 logunits).
    Description: Published
    Description: 42–56
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Viscosity ; Model ; Silicate melts ; Metaluminous ; Peraluminous ; Peralkaline ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.05. Rheology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    Experimental solidification of anhydrous latitic and trachytic melts at different cooling rates: the role of nucleation kinetics (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-29
    Description: Two sets of cooling experiments were run at atmospheric conditions for two anhydrous starting latitic and trachytic melts: 1) five cooling rates (25, 12.5, 3, 0.5, and 0.125 °C/min) between 1300° and 800 °C, and 2) a 11 0.5 °C/min cooling rate from 1300 °C with quench temperatures at 1200°, 1100°, 1000° and 900 °C. Trachytic run-products are invariably glassy. Nucleation is also suppressed in the latitic run-products at the three highest 13 cooling rates. Conversely, in the 0.5 and 0.125 °C/min runs, latites have a crystal content of 90 vol.%. The 14 phases are: plagioclase, clinopyroxene, glass and iron-bearing oxide (in order of abundance). The variable 15 quench temperatures, investigated by coupling experiments with Pt-wire and Pt- capsule sample containers inset 2,again did not produce crystallization of trachyte, whereas latitic samples are characterized by 10 vol.% of oxides, pyroxenes and plagioclase (in order of appearance), at temperature b1000 °C. Effects of (preferential) heterogeneous nucleation on sample holders, of superheating degree, and chemical species loss during cooling are absent for both melt compositions. The difference of solidification paths between these two silicate melts can be ascribed only to their small chemical differences. In comparison with calculated equilibrium conditions all the experimental latitic and trachytic run-products revealed strong kinetic effects, interpretable in the light of the nucleation theory. The glass- forming ability (GFA) of trachyte is higher, whereas their critical cooling rate (Rc) is lower (b0.125 °C/min), in comparison to latitic melts (RcN0.5 °C/min). The experimental results carried out in this study can be applied to lava flows and domes; trachytic lavas are able to flow for longer period with respect to latitic ones in a metastable condition. Glass-rich terrestrial lavas, i.e. obsidians, can be the result of sluggish nucleation kinetics due to the relative high polymerisation of evolved silicate melts.
    Description: Published
    Description: 91-101
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: crystallization ; lava flows ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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    Electrical conductivity of a phonotephrite from Mt. Vesuvius: the importance of chemical composition on the lectrical conductivity of silicate melts (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-29
    Description: The bulk electrical conductivity of the phonotephritic lava from the 1944 eruption of Mt Vesuvius was measured using complex impedance spectroscopy in a multianvil apparatus at 1 GPa and temperatures up to 700 °C. Melting experiments prior to the electrical measurements were also performed on this sample in a piston cylinder apparatus in order to gauge how bulk conductivity varies as a function of its melt fraction. Unlike the behaviour found in basaltic rocks in which conductivity increases with increasing melt fraction, we observe a conductivity decrease of the order of a factor of ten for samples at 700 °C ranging in melt fraction from 32 vol.% to completely molten.We attribute this anomalous behaviour to the progressive loss of highly conductive leucite upon melting. The addition of potassium to the melt phase, however, does not result in an increase of the total alkali concentration due to the melting of other mineral components. We also present an empirical model to predict the electrical conductivity of fully molten silicate liquids as a function of temperature and chemical composition, based on conductivity data for natural silicate liquids found in the literature. The inclusion of compositional terms reduces the error by more than a factor of four with respect to a composition independent, temperature-only parameterization.
    Description: Published
    Description: 192-201
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Electrical conductivity ; silicate melts ; partial melting ; Mt. Vesuvius ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects
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    Multiple hazards and paths to eruptions: A review of the volcanic system of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-07
    Description: Vulcano is one of the 7 volcanic islands and 6 seamounts forming the Aeolian volcanic district (Italy). Vulcano has a long eruptive record, and its last eruption (1888–90 AD) originated the definition of the Vulcanian eruptive style. Like most volcanic islands, Vulcano generates many potentially interconnected hazards, determining a potentially high risk. Here, we review the state of knowledge on its geology, eruptive activity, historical accounts, structural setting, geophysical and geochemical surveillance, and available hazard assessment, in order to have an updated picture of the state knowledge on volcanic hazard. We follow a prototypal reviewing scheme, based on three standardized steps: i) review of the volcanic system; ii) review of available eruptive and noneruptive hazard quantifications; iii) development of a conceptual interpretative model. We find that, while a rather vast literature is dedicated to the volcanic system of Vulcano and the reconstruction of past events, few quantitative hazard assessments exist. In addition, the range of natural variability considered for each hazard is potentially underestimated (e.g. limited range of considered eruption magnitude and style and of vent position), as it is the potential effect of multi-hazard impact. The developed conceptual model for the feeding system provides a synthetic picture of the present knowledge about the system, as emerged from the review. In addition, it allows for the identification of potential paths-to-eruption and provides a first order link among the main hazards. This review provides an up-to-date snapshot of existing knowledge on volcanic hazard at Vulcano on which to build future hazard quantifications as well as to support present and future decision making.
    Description: Published
    Description: 103186
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: JCR Journal
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    A quantitative study of the mechanisms governing dike propagation, dike arrest and sill formation (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-16
    Description: Dikes and sills are the moving building blocks of the plumbing system of volcanoes and play a fundamental role in the accretionary processes of the crust. They nucleate, propagate, halt, resume propagation, and sometimes change trajectory with drastic implications for the outcome of eruptions (Sigmundsson et al., 2010). Their dynamics is still poorly understood, in particular when different external influencing factors are interacting. Here we apply a boundary element model to study dike and sill formation, propagation and arrest in different scenarios. We model dikes as finite batches of compressible fluid magma, propagating quasi-statically in an elastic medium, and calculate their trajectories by maximising the energy release of the magma-rock system. We consider dike propagation in presence of density layering, of density plus rigidity layering, of a weakly welded interface between layers, under the action of an external stress field (of tectonic or topographic origin). Our simulations predict sill formation in several situations: i) when a horizontal weak interface is met by a propagating dike; ii) when a sufficiently high compressive tectonic environment is experienced by the ascending dike and iii) in case a dike, starting below a volcanic edifice, propagates away from the topographic load with a low dip angle. We find that dikes halt and stack when they become negatively buoyant and when they propagate with low overpressure at their upper tip toward a topographic load. Neutral buoyancy by itself cannot induce dikes to turn into sills, as previously suggested.
    Description: Published
    Description: 39-50
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Extensional tectonics in the Amantea basin (Calabria, Italy): a comparison between structural and magnetic anisotropy data (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-19
    Description: We report on structural and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) results from the Upper Miocene sediments of the Amantea basin, located on the Tyrrhenian coast of the Calabrian Arc (Southern Italy). The stratigraphic succession of the basin is organized in three depositional sequences, separated by two major angular unconformities. Detailed geologica1 mapping and structural analysis demonstrate that the stratigraphic evolution of the Amantea basin is strongly controlled by a synsedimentary extensional tectonic regime. Severa1 NNE-SSW-trending norma1 fault arrays with large scatter in inclination values have been interpreted as due to a domino faulting mechanism, consistent with a WNW-ESE stretching direction. AMS data have been obtained for 13 sites, both in the not constrained in age first depositional sequence (3 sites), and in the upper Tortonian-lower Messinian clays from the second depositional sequence (10 sites). Al1 the sites show a strong magnetic foliation parallel to the bedding planes, and a well defined magnetic lineation subparallel to the local bedding dip directions. The magnetic lineations cluster around a WNW-ESE trend and are parallel to the stretching directions inferred by fault-slip analysis and basin architecture. These new data then confirm the possibility to use the magnetic lineation to map the strain trajectory in weakly deformed extensional sedimentary basins. Paleomagnetic data (from previous studies) show that the whole Calabrian block underwent a 15°-20° clockwise rotation probably in the Pleistocene, postdating the extensional tectonic events which controlled the Amantea basin geometry. Therefore we suggest for the Amantea basin an original E-W-oriented stretching direction, which may be considered as the older extensional direction characterizing the Late Miocene evolution of the southern Tyrrhenian Sea domain.
    Description: Published
    Description: 33-49
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: magnetic fabric ; extentional tectonics ; Miocene ; Calabrian Arc ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
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    Mechanisms for ground-surface fracturing and incipient slope failure associated with the 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna, Italy: analysis of ephemeral field data (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-26
    Description: During the July^August 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna development of extensional fractures/faults and grabens accompanied magma intrusion and subsequent volcanic activity. During the first days of the eruption, we performed an analysis of attitude, displacement and propagation of fractures and faults exposed on the ground surface in two sites, Torre del Filosofo and Valle del Leone, located along the same fracture system in the region surrounding the Valle del Bove depression on the eastern flank of Mt. Etna. Fractures and faults formed as the consequence of a shallow intruding dyke system that fed the several volcanic centres developed along the fracture system. The investigated sites differ in slope attitude and in geometrical relationships between fractures and slopes. In particular, the fracture system propagated parallel to the gentle slope (67‡ dip) in the Torre del Filosofo area, and perpendicular to the steep slope (V25‡ dip) in the Valle del Leone area. In the Torre del Filosofo area, slight graben subsidence and horizontal extension of the ground surface by about 3 m were recorded. In the Valle del Leone area, extensional faulting forming a larger and deeper graben with horizontal extension of the ground surface by about 10 m was recorded. For the Valle del Leone area, we assessed a downhill dip of 14‡ for the graben master fault at the structural level beneath the graben where the fault dip shallows. These results suggest that dyke intrusion at Mount Etna, and particularly in the region surrounding the Valle del Bove depression, may be at the origin of slope failure and subsequent slumps where boundary conditions, i.e. geometry of dyke, slope dip and initial shear stress, amongst others, favour incipient failures.
    Description: Published
    Description: 281-294
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: dykes ; extensional fractures ; grabens ; slope failures ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
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    P wave seismic velocity and Vp/Vs ratio beneath the Italian peninsula from local earthquake tomography (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-17
    Description: We investigate the P wave velocity structure and the Vp/Vs ratio beneath the Italian peninsula down to 100 and 60 km depth respectively by seismic travel time tomography. We invert data provided by the International Seismological Centre (ISC) (1997–2005), making use of some alternative strategies for the travel time approach in a well constrained and worldwide adopted code (SIMULPS). Resolution for the different layers is discussed and sensitivity analyses are performed through test inversions to explore the resolution characteristics of the model at different spatial scales. The resulting tomographic images provide a detailed sketch of the P wave anomalies, clearly showing, among the other features, the shape of the Ivrea body in the Western Alps, the upwelling of the oceanic crust in the Ligurian Sea and the slab under the Calabrian arc. They are less informative for the Vp/Vs ratio. Nevertheless, some features are very interesting and deserve further investigation like the anomalous decrease of the Vp/Vs ratio under the Ligurian Sea or the variations of the Vp/Vs ratio calculated in the first 10 km depth of the Apenninic region with respect to the lower values of the Alpine region at the same depth. The tomographic cross sections reveal a continuous superposition of two kinds of crusts (transitional over Adriatic) all along the peninsula but do not show any slab, intended as a clear, vertical downgoing high velocity material in either the northern or central Apennines.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-23
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Seismic tomography ; Lithospheric structure ; Vp/Vs ratio ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
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    Dynamics and effects of the Vesuvius Pomici di Avellino Plinian eruption and related phenomena on the Bronze Age landscape of Campania region (Southern Italy) (2018)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-18
    Description: The Pomici di Avellino eruption is the Plinian event of Vesuvius with the highest territorial impact. It affected an area densely inhabited by Early Bronze Age human communities and resulted in the long- term abandonment of an extensive zone surrounding the volcano. Traces of human life beneath the eruption products are very common throughout the Campania Region. A systematic review of the available archaeological data, the study of geological and archaeological sequences exposed in excava- tions, and the reconstruction of the volcanic phenomena affecting single sites has yielded an under- standing of local effects and their duration. The archaeological and volcanological analyses have shown that the territory was rapidly abandoned before and during the eruption, with rare post-eruption at- tempts at resettlement of the same sites inhabited previously. The definition of the distribution and stratigraphy of alluvial deposits in many of the studied sequences leads us to hypothesise that the scarce presence of humans during phases 1 and 2 of the Middle Bronze Age in the wide area affected by the eruption was due to diffuse phenomena of remobilisation of the eruption products, generating long- lasting alluvial processes. These were favoured by the deposition of loose fine pyroclastic material on the slopes of the volcano and the Apennines, and by climatic conditions. A significant resettlement of the territory occurred only hundreds of years after the Pomici di Avellino eruption, during phase 3 of the Middle Bronze Age. This study show the role of volcanic and related phenomena from a Plinian event in the settlement dynamics of a complex territory like Campania.
    Description: Published
    Description: 231-244
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: 5V. Dinamica dei processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Plinian eruption Eruption impact ; Volcanoclastic mass flow ; Vesuvius ; Bronze Age ; Eruption impact
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    High-resolution geological investigations to reconstruct the long-term ground movements in the last 15 kyr at Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy) (2019)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-23
    Description: Ground deformations are among the main volcanic phenomena occurring within the caldera system and pres- ently recorded at different volcanoes worldwide including the Campi Flegrei active caldera (southern Italy). A new stratigraphic, sedimentological and paleontological survey carried out in the central sector of the Campi Flegrei caldera both along the already known La Starza succession and through a new excavated tunnel provided new insights into the ground movement episodes occurred in the last 15 kyr. This study, which has also benefited of unpublished boreholes stratigraphic data, shows that the most uplifted sector of the Campi Flegrei caldera, presently marked by the morphological structure of the La Starza cliff close to the Pozzuoli coastline, was charac- terized by a complex sedimentary evolution. It results from different phases of alternating marine transgressions and regressions, the latter marked by both continental volcanic and/or palustrine/lacustrine sediments. These al- ternations result from the interplay between (i) subsidence and uplift episodes of the caldera floor and (ii) sea level variations during the Holocene. A rest period of volcanism accompanied by a sea level rise determined a sig- nificant submersion phase in about 3000 years between 8.59 and 5.5 ka. This phase was defined by a sea level with a maximum water depth value of 60–80 m and a late stage recording significant episodes of ground move- ments. Subsequently, between 5.5 and 3.5 ka, a ground uplift of about 100 m occurred, with short subsidence around 4.5 ka following the Plinian Agnano-Monte Spina eruption. The net vertical displacement represents the recorded deformation linked with a volcanism period in which ~2.5 km3 of magma were erupted by different vents within the caldera. It is worth to note as the general trend of ground movement through the time indicates a similarity in the pattern, beyond its scale.
    Description: Published
    Description: 143-158
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Ground deformation ; Campi Flegrei ; Paleoenvironment ; Coastal marine sediments ; Volcanism ; Unrest
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    Helium–strontium isotope constraints on mantle evolution beneath the Roman Comagmatic Province, Italy (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-03
    Description: A study of the He isotopic ratios of fluid inclusions in olivine and pyroxene from the Roman Comagmatic Province (RCP),Italy, is presented together with 87Sr/86Sr isotope compositions of the whole rock or pyroxene phenocrysts. A clear covariation in He and Sr isotopes is apparent, with a strong northward increase in radiogenic He and Sr being evident. He and Sr isotopes ratios range from 3He/4He = 5.2 Ra and 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7056 in south Campania, to 3He/4He = 0.44 Ra and 87Sr/86Sr = 0.715905 in the northernmost Latium. Helium isotope ratios are significantly lower than MORB values and are among the lowest yet measured in subduction zone volcanism. The 3He/4He of olivine and pyroxene phenocryst-hosted volatiles appear to be little influenced by posteruptive processes and magma–crust interaction. The 3He/4He–87Sr/86Sr covariation is consistent with binary mixing between an asthenospheric mantle similar to HIMU ocean island basalts, and an enriched (radiogenic) mantle end member generated from subduction of the Ionian/Adriatic plate. The contribution of radiogenic He from metasomatic fluids and postmetasomatism radiogenic ingrowth in the wedge is strongly dependent on the initial He concentration of the mantle. Only when asthenosphere He concentrations are substantially lower than the MORB source mantle, and metasomatism occurred at the beginning of the subduction (f30 Ma), can ingrowth in the mantle wedge account for the 3He/4He of the most radiogenic basalts.
    Description: - European Social Fund - Scottish Universities - Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland.
    Description: Published
    Description: 295–308
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Roman Comagmatic Province ; fluid inclusions ; helium ; strontium ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.03. Mantle and Core dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.08. Volcanic arcs ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    Variability in the vertical structure of the water column and paleoproductivity reconstruction in the central-western Mediterranean during the Late Pleistocene (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-21
    Description: A sedimentary sequence spanning Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 to MIS 2 in core LC07, recovered in the central Mediterranean, has been investigated in order to produce a high-resolution paleoceanographic reconstruction. The changes in productivity deduced from calcareous plankton relative abundances and independently confirmed by the BaXS fluctuations are linked to the stability of the water column which is mainly controlled by the water mass temperature. During glacial intervals, productivity was generally enhanced. Oligotrophic and warmer water masses with a deepened seasonal thermocline can be inferred for most of MIS5. The magnetic properties of the sediment show increased occurrences of North Africa dust in the central Mediterranean during cold phases, likely as a consequence of a more efficient erosive process triggered by southward displacement of the intertropical convergence zone. Although increases in both productivity and Saharan dust occurred during cold periods, the atmospheric inputs do not seem to contribute significantly to the fertilization of primary producers. A Shannon Index curve has been used to tentatively synthesize the variations of calcareous nannofossil assemblages through the last 150 kyr. The assemblage diversity sharply increased coincident with the transition from the penultimate glacial to the last interglacial, subsequently low diversity was gradually reached again in the last glacial.
    Description: Published
    Description: 26-41
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: calcareous nannofossils ; foraminifera ; paleoproductivity ; Late Pleistocene ; central mediterranean ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.06. Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism
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    The late Pleistocene pyroclastic deposits of the Campanian Plain: New insights into the explosive activity of Neapolitan volcanoes (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-21
    Description: The lithological and compositional characteristics of eighteen different pyroclastic deposits of Campanian origin, dated between 125 cal ky BP and 22 cal ky BP, were described. The pyroclastic deposits were correlated among different outcrops mainly located on the Apennine slopes that border the southern Campanian Plain. They were grouped in two main stratigraphic and chronologic intervals of regional significance: a) between Pomici di Base (22.03 cal ky BP; Somma–Vesuvius) and Campanian Ignimbrite (39 cal ky BP; Campi Flegrei) eruptions; and b) older than Campanian Ignimbrite eruption. Three new 14C AMS datings support the proposed correlations. Six eruptions were attributed to the Pomici di Base- Campanian Ignimbrite stratigraphic interval, while twelve eruptions are older than Campanian Ignimbrite. Of the studied deposits two originated from Ischia island, five are related to Campi Flegrei, and three to Somma– Vesuvius. Two eruptions have an uncertain correlation with Somma–Vesuvius or Campi Flegrei, while six eruptions remain of uncertain source. Minimum volumes of five eruptions were assessed, ranging between 0.5 km3 and 4 km3. Two of the studied deposits were correlated with Y-3 and X-5 tephra layers, which are widely dispersed in the central Mediterranean area. The new stratigraphic and chronologic data provide an upgraded chrono-stratigraphy for the explosive activity of Neapolitan volcanoes in the period between 125 and 22 cal ky BP.
    Description: Published
    Description: 19–48
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Neapolitan volcanoes ; late Pleistocene ; explosive eruptions ; Somma–Vesuvius ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Measuring volcanic degassing of SO2 in the lower troposphere with ASTER band ratios (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-07
    Description: We present a new method for measuring SO2 with the data from the ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflectance radiometer) orbital sensor. The method consists of adjusting the SO2 column amount until the ratios of radiance simulated on several ASTER bands match the observations. We present a sensitivity analysis for this method, and two case studies. The sensitivity analysis shows that the selected band ratios depend much less on atmospheric humidity, sulfate aerosols, surface altitude and emissivity than the raw radiances. Measurements with b25% relative precision are achieved, but only when the thermal contrast between the plume and the underlying surface is higher than 10 K. For the case studies we focused on Miyakejima and Etna, two volcanoes where SO2 is measured regularly by COSPEC or scanning DOAS. The SO2 fluxes computed from a series of ten images of Miyakejima over the period 2000–2002 is in agreement with the long term trend of measurement for this volcano. On Etna, we compared SO2 column amounts measured by ASTER with those acquired simultaneously by ground-based automated scanning DOAS. The column amounts compare quite well, providing a more rigorous validation of the method. The SO2 maps retrieved with ASTER can provide quantitative insights into the 2D structure of non-eruptive volcanic plumes, their dispersion and their progressive depletion in SO2.
    Description: R.C. was supported by a grant from F.R.I.A (Fond pour la Recherche Industrielle et Appliquée). GGS acknowledges a PhD grant funded by the project “Sviluppo di sistemi di monitoraggio” funded by Dipartimento di Protezione Civile della Regione Sicilia, INGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, sezione di Catania—Italy) and NOVAC (Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change) EU-funded FP6 project no. 18354. P-F. C. is research associate with FRS-FNRS and benefited from its financial support (F.4511.08).
    Description: Published
    Description: 42-54
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: remote sensing, SO2, ASTER, DOAS, Etna, Miyakejima ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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    A thermodynamical model for the surface tension of silicate melts in contact with H2O gas (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-11
    Description: Surface tension plays an important role in the nucleation of H2O gas bubbles in magmatic melts and in the time-dependent rheology of bubble-bearing magmas. Despite several experimental studies, a physics based model of the surface tension of magmatic melts in contact with H2O is lacking. This paper employs gradient theory to develop a thermodynamical model of equilibrium surface tension of silicate melts in contact with H2O gas at low to moderate pressures. In the last decades, this approach has been successfully applied in studies of industrial mixtures but never to magmatic systems. We calibrate and verify the model against literature experimental data, obtained by the pendant drop method, and by inverting bubble nucleation experiments using the Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT). Our model reproduces the systematic decrease in surface tension with increased H2O pressure observed in the experiments. On the other hand, the effect of temperature is confirmed by the experiments only at high pressure. At atmospheric pressure, the model shows a decrease of surface tension with temperature. This is in contrast with a number of experimental observations and could be related to microstructural effects that cannot be reproduced by our model. Finally, our analysis indicates that the surface tension measured inverting the CNT may be lower than the value measured by the pendant drop method, most likely because of changes in surface tension controlled by the supersaturation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 113-127
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Carbon dioxide degassing from Tuscany and Northern Latium (Italy) (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-07
    Description: The CO2 degassing process from a large area on the Tyrrhenian side of central Italy, probably related to the input into the upper crust of mantle fluids, was investigated in detail through the geochemical study of gas emissions and groundwater. Mass-balance calculations and carbon isotopes show that over 50% of the inorganic carbon in regional groundwater is derived from a deep source highlighting gas−liquid separation processes at depth. The deep carbonate−evaporite regional aquifer acts as the main CO2 reservoir and when total pressure of the reservoir fluid exceeds hydrostatic pressure, a free gas phase separates from the parent liquid and escapes toward the surface generating gas emissions which characterise the study area. The distribution of the CO2 flux anomalies and the location of high PCO2 springs and gas emissions suggest that the storage and the expulsion of the CO2 toward the atmosphere are controlled by the geological and structural setting of the shallow crust. The average CO2 flux and the total amount of CO2 discharged by the study area were computed using surface heat flow, enthalpy and CO2 molality of the liquid phase circulating in the deep carbonate−evaporite aquifer. The results show that the CO2 flux varies from 1×104 mol y−1 km−2 to 5×107 mol y−1 km−2, with an average value of 4.8×106 mol y−1 km−2, about five times higher than the value of 1×106 mol y−1 derived by Kerrick et al. [Kerrick, D.M., McKibben, M.A., Seward, T.M., Caldeira, K., 1995. Convective hydrothermal CO2 emission from high heat flow regions. Chem. Geol. 121, 285–293] as baseline for terrestrial CO2 emissions. The total CO2 discharged from the study area is 0.9×1011 mol y−1, confirming that Earth degassing from Tyrrhenian central Italy is a globally relevant carbon source
    Description: Published
    Description: 89–102
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Earth degassing ; carbon dioxide ; CO2 flux ; groundwater ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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    Carbon dioxide degassing and thermal energy release in the Monte Amiata volcanic-geothermal area (Italy) (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-07
    Description: The quaternary volcanic complex of Mount Amiata is located in southern Tuscany (Italy) and represents the most recent manifestation of the Tuscan Magmatic Province. The region is characterised by a large thermal anomaly and by the presence of numerous CO2-rich gas emissions and geothermal features, mainly located at the periphery of the volcanic complex. Two geothermal systems are located, at increasing depths, in the carbonate and metamorphic formations beneath the volcanic complex. The shallow volcanic aquifer is separated from the deep geothermal systems by a low permeability unit (Ligurian Unit). A measured CO2 discharge through soils of 1.8 109 mol a 1 shows that large amounts of CO2 move from the deep reservoir to the surface. A large range in d13CTDIC ( 21.07 to +3.65) characterises the waters circulating in the aquifers of the region and the mass and isotopic balance of TDIC allows distinguishing a discharge of 0.3 109 mol a 1 of deeply sourced CO2 in spring waters. The total natural CO2 discharge (2.1 109 mol a 1) is slightly less than minimum CO2 output estimated by an indirect method (2.8 109 mol a 1), but present-day release of 5.8 109 mol a 1 CO2 from deep geothermal wells may have reduced natural CO2 discharge. The heat transported by groundwater, computed considering the increase in temperature from the infiltration area to the discharge from springs, is of the same order of magnitude, or higher, than the regional conductive heat flow (〉200 mWm 2) and reaches extremely high values (up to 2700mWm 2) in the north-eastern part of the study area. Heat transfer occurs mainly by conductive heating in the volcanic aquifer and by uprising gas and vapor along fault zones and in those areas where low permeability cover is lacking. The comparison of CO2 flux, heat flow and geological setting shows that near surface geology and hydrogeological setting play a central role in determining CO2 degassing and heat transfer patterns.
    Description: Published
    Description: 860–875
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide degassing ; Monte Amiata ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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    Analysis of 7-years Radon time series at Campi Flegrei area (Naples, Italy) using artificial neural network method (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-04
    Description: This paper reports the analysis of soil 222Rn data recorded over 7-years in the volcanic caldera of Campi Flegrei (Naples-Italy). The relationship between Radon activity concentration and several geophysical, geochemical and meteorological parameters, influencing the gas emissions, is estimated by the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method. The analysis goals are: the estimation (replication) of the Radon time series from influencing parameters, the forecasting of an unknown part of it, and the search for anomalies. Results prove: (i) the effectiveness of the ANN method; (ii) Radon follow the periods of agitation of the caldera, demonstrated by the comparison with previous works using different methods.
    Description: Published
    Description: 109239
    Description: 6IT. Osservatori non satellitari
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Anomaly detection; Artificial neural network; Influencing parameter; Radon; Signal forecasting; Signal replication
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    Reply to the “Comment on “The May 1 20 (MW 6.1) and 29 (MW 6.0), 2012, Emilia (Po Plain, northern Italy) earthquakes: New seismotectonic implications from subsurface geology and high-quality hypocenter location” by Carannante et al., 2015” by Bonini L., et al (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: In their comments Bonini et al. argue that our seismotectonic interpretation of the Emilia 2012 seismic sequence does not agree with observations, and follow three lines of arguments to support their statement. These concern the structural interpretation of seismic reflection profiles, the relationship between seismogenic sources and seismicity patterns, and the fit of inferred fault geometry to InSAR observations. These lines of arguments are mostly repeating what has been previously presented by the same authors, and none of them, as discussed in detail in our reply, presents a strong case against our structural interpretation, that, we are convinced, does not conflict with the available data. The two adjacent rupture surfaces outlined by accurately relocated aftershocks are an indication of the presence of two different active fault planes. Interpretation of seismic profiles supports seismological observation and indicates the occurrence of relevant along-strike changes in structural style. These pieces of information have been integrated to build a new seismotectonic interpretation for the area of the Emilia 2012 seismic sequence. Analysis of geodetic data from the area of the Emilia earthquakes has produced very different models of the fault planes; unlike what has been stated by Bonini et al., who see a difficult fit to InSAR data for the fault planes we have identified, the most recent results are consistent with our interpretation that see a steep fault in the upper 8–10 km under the Mirandola anticline. We point out that the geological structures in the subsurface of the Ferrara Arc do change along strike, and the attempt of Bonini et al. to explain both the May 20 and May 29 sequences using a single cross section is not appropriate.
    Description: Published
    Description: 157-162
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
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    An inter-disciplinary and multi-scale approach to assess the spatial variability of ground motion for seismic microzonation: the case study of Cavezzo municipality in Northern Italy (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-04
    Description: Seismic microzonation represents a basic tool for prevention activity planning and land management. An extensive and detailed microzonation study was performed with reference to the territory of the Municipality of Cavezzo, damaged during the seismic sequence hitting Emilia-Romagna Region, Northern Italy, in 2012. In this paper, we discuss the work carried out to characterize the spatial variability of ground motion amplification due to local soil conditions in the municipality area. An inter- and multi-disciplinary approach is presented, involving geotechnical engineers, geophysicists, geologists and seismologists from different institutions, to thoroughly characterize the territory using complementary techniques with different level of resolution and confidence. A considerable amount of geomorphological, geological, hydrogeological, seismological, geotechnical and geophysical investigations was collected and processed for the purpose. A GIS-based (Geographic Information System) platform was initially setup to manage the gathered data, which now includes the results of about 1000 geotechnical and geophysical tests. Such an extended dataset was then used as a primary constraint for the creation of a comprehensive pseudo-3D geotechnical and seismo-stratigraphic model of the territory, consisting of a dense grid of one-dimensional vertical profiles to depict the variability of the soil properties over the area. The model was finally used as input for linear-equivalent ground response analysis. For the calculation of the amplification factors, special emphasis was given to the treatment and propagation of the uncertainties of the model parameters, whose different realizations have been accounted through a logic tree approach.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105722
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Complex co- and postseismic faulting of the 2017–2018 seismic sequence in western Iran revealed by InSAR and seismic data (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-07
    Description: The largest earthquake in the Zagros Mountains struck the city of Azgeleh on the Iran–Iraq border on 12 November 2017. This Mw 7.3 earthquake was followed by an intense seismic sequence. Implementing the double-difference earthquake location technique, we relocate 1069 events recorded by our local seismic network, deployed after the mainshock. The spatial distribution of the epicenters indicates linear alignments of the events nucleated along at least four notable clusters. The clusters are characterized by at least one significant earthquake, such as the Tazehabad earthquake of 25 August 2018 (Mw 5.9) along a dense, east–west trending cluster and the Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake of 25 November 2018 (Mw 6.3) along the cluster with a northeast–southwest trend. We use two-pass differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR) and Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) methods to study the coseismic permanent displacements of the Azgeleh, Tazehabad and Sarpol-e Zahab events as well as the one-year postseismic deformation field of the 2017–2018 seismic sequence, respectively. We use non-linear and linear optimization algorithms to derive the source geometry and the slip distribution along the fault planes. The inversion is conducted by introducing also seismological constraints, leading to the definition of a listric geometry for the Azgeleh mainshock rupture that accommodates the slip area at depth of 10–16 km along a sub-horizontal plane (dipping ~3°) and a low-angle (~16°) ramp. The thrust and dextral movements along this NNW-striking (~345°) fault have triggered a tear fault responsible for the Tazehabad event ruptured an east–west trending (~267°), north-dipping (~78°) sinistral shear fault. We present the dextral slip distribution of the Sarpol-e Zahab event along a NE-striking (~34°) fault, as a synthetic Riedel structure for the southern segment of the Khanaqin fault, dipping 63° to the southeast. We find the postseismic deformation field associated with the seismic sequence is not confined only to the mainshock source (the Azgeleh fault), but also develops along the Tazehabad and Sarpol-e Zahab faults. We additionally propose afterslip along a duplex, flat-ramp-flat structure down-dip and up-dip of the Azgeleh coseismic slip area. The up-dip afterslip develops onto the shallow detachment (~3°) at depth of ~8 km and the down-dip afterslip propagate onto the mid-crustal décollement level within the Pan-African basement. The Azgeleh, Tazehabad, Sarpol-e Zahab and Khanaqin faults mark the Lurestan Arc–Kirkuk Embayment sharp margin in the Northwest Zagros and play a key role in the lateral escape of the Lurestan Salient and vertical strain partitioning in the Zagros front.
    Description: Published
    Description: 112224
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Reducing the volcanic risk in the frame of the hazard/risk separation principle (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-07
    Description: Reducing the impact of volcanic eruptions on society is a major challenge of volcanology. Although science is one basic component of risk reduction, the achievement of this goal requires competencies that go beyond natural sciences. Nowadays, the importance of non-scientific factors in reducing volcanic risks is often and dangerously overlooked, possibly leading to decision making that cannot be rationally justified. In this paper we explore the basic components of an ideal decision-making process, identifying the roles and responsibilities of the different partners/tasks that are involved. In particular, we advocate the use of the hazard/risk separation principle, which can help discern unambiguously the role of volcanology (and more in general of science) in the whole risk-reduction process. Although this distinction may be of low relevance in some real cases—for example, when the costs of mitigation actions are low and the likelihood of eruption is high—it becomes of paramount importance when dealing with high uncertainty on the eruption onset or size and expensive mitigation actions, such as the evacuation of a large city. Volcanologists can play different roles in the decision-making process, but they have to be aware that this demands competencies that go beyond being a good volcano scientist. The final intent of this paper is to encourage constructive cooperation between volcanologists and public-policy makers keeping separated their own tasks as defined by their roles and their competences, with the intent of establishing fully transparent decision-making protocols well before volcanic crises. These protocols can be very helpful to audit the decision-making process at any time, and they may be an excellent communication tool for the interested stakeholders, including society.
    Description: Published
    Description: 545-564
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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    Increased methane emission from natural gas seepage at Katakolo Harbour (Western Greece) (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-18
    Description: Geological gas seepage in petroleum-bearing sedimentary basins is an important natural source of atmospheric methane. In methane budget models geological emissions are generally considered constant over time, not affecting decadal atmospheric methane changes. Here, we report the case of a considerable sub-decadal variation of methane seepage from one of the largest thermogenic gas seep sites in Europe, Katakolo Harbour (Western Peloponnese, Greece). Based on gas flux measurements by accumulation chamber performed in 2010 and 2018, methane emission from cracks and fissures throughout the asphalt and concrete pavement of the harbour increased about four times (from 57 to 225 kg d􀀀 1) with emission factor changing from ~4,000 to 15,000 t km􀀀 2 y􀀀 1. Multiple lines of evidence, including mechanical deformation and fissuring of concrete and asphalt pavement, increased exhalation with constant fissure conditions, and no significant cracking with operating corrosion from 2004 to 2010, suggest that the methane emission increase is mainly due to intensification of subsurface gas flow (seepage) after 2010. Deep gas pressure and fault permeability variations, likely induced by the numerous earthquakes of the region, might have played a role. We estimate that if similar short-term variations of emission factor occur in large seepage areas worldwide, the global geological methane emission can significantly change, contributing to decadal changes of atmospheric methane budget.
    Description: Published
    Description: 104578
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
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