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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry  (5)
  • Agu  (3)
  • Elsevier B.V.  (2)
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  • 1
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    Rates of carbon dioxide plume degassing from Mount Etna volcano (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report here on the real-time measurement of CO2 and SO2 concentrations in the near-vent volcanic gas plume of Mount Etna, acquired by the use of a field portable gas analyzer during a series of periodic field surveys on the volcano’s summit. During the investigated period (September 2004 to September 2005), the plume CO2/SO2 ratio ranged from 1.9 to 10.8, with contrasting composition for Northeast and Voragine crater plumes. Scaling the above CO2/SO2 ratios by UV spectroscopy determined SO2 emission rates, we estimate CO2 emission rates from the volcano in the range 0.9–67.5 kt d 1 (average, 9 kt d 1). About 2 kt of CO2 were emitted daily on average during quiescent passive degassing, whereas CO2 emission rates from Etna’s summit were 10–40 times larger during the 2004–2005 effusive event (with a cumulative CO2 release of 3800 kt during the 6 months of the eruption). Such a syneruptive increase, ascribed to the replenishment of the shallow (〈6 km) volcanic plumbing system by CO2-rich (0.25 wt %) more primitive magmas, supports the potential of CO2 output rates as key parameters for volcanic hazard assessment.
    Description: Published
    Description: B09207
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: carbon dioxide ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    A new method for sampling fumarolic gases: analysis of major, minor and metallic trace elements with ammonia solutions (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A new method using ammonia solutions in pre-evacuated quartz bottles has been experimented for volcanic gas sampling and analysing. Various tests (reproducibility, variability and comparison with known methods such as NaOH pre-evacuated bottles and acid condensates) have been performed to check for their efficiency. By using ammonia solutions, acid gases (St, HCl, HF), carbon dioxide, noncondensible gases (N2, Ar, …) and metallic trace elements (MTE) can be measured with standard methods (HPLC, GC, titrimetry, ICP-MS). Results showthat acid gases, CO2 and noncondensible gases are sampled and analysedwith similar efficiency inNH4OHbottles than by using the known and accurate NaOH method.Moreover, a key point is that NH4OH solutions, after undergoing adequate processing (oxidation and acidification) allow also precise MTE measurements by using standard ICP-MS methods. Such MTE measurements appear much more reliable than those performed on acid condensates. Pre-evacuated ammonia bottles appear therefore as an optimum tool to collect volcanic gases and to obtain their complete chemical composition.
    Description: Published
    Description: 244-256
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: lcanic gas; sampling ; acid gases ; noncondensible gases ; metallic trace elements ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Insights into fluid circulation across the Pernicana Fault (Mt. Etna, Italy) and implications for flank instability (2010)
    Elsevier B.V.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We conducted geophysical–geochemical measurements on a ∼2 kmN–S profile cutting across the Pernicana Fault, one of the most active tectonic features on the NE flank of Mt. Etna. The profile passes from the unstable E flank of the volcano (to the south) to the stable N flank and significant fluctuations in electrical resistivity, self-potential, and soil gas emissions (CO2, Rn and Th) are found. The detailed multidisciplinary analysis reveals a complex interplay between the structural setting, uprising hydrothermal fluids, meteoric fluids percolating downwards, ground permeability, and surface topography. In particular, the recovered fluid circulation model highlights that the southern sector is heavily fractured and faulted, allowing the formation of convective hydrothermal cells. Although the existence of a hydrothermal system in a volcanic area does not surprise, these results have great implications in terms of flank dynamics at Mt. Etna. Indeed, the hydrothermal activity, interacting with the Pernicana Fault activity, could enhance the flank instability. Our approach should be further extended along the full extent of the boundary between the stable and unstable sectors of Etna for a better evaluation of the geohazard in this active tectonic area.
    Description: This work was partly financed by the DPC-INGV FLANK and LAVA Projects.
    Description: Published
    Description: 137–142
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Pernicana Fault ; fluid circulation ; structural geology ; Etna ; magnetic ; electrical methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.05. Downhole, radioactivity, remote sensing, and other methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Hydrogeological insights at Stromboli volcano (Italy) from geoelectrical, temperature and CO2 soil degassing investigations (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Finding the geometry of aquifers in an active volcano is important for evaluating the hazards associated with phreatomagmatic phenomena and incidentally to address the problem of water supply. A combination of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), self-potential, CO2, and temperature measurements provides insights about the location and pattern of ground water flow at Stromboli volcano. The measurements were conducted along a NE-SW profile across the island from Scari to Ginostra, crossing the summit (Pizzo) area. ERT data (electrode spacing 20 m, depth of penetration of 200 m) shows the shallow architecture through the distribution of the resistivities. The hydrothermal system is characterized by low values of the resistivity (〈50 W m) while the surrounding rocks are resistive (〉2000 W m) except on the North-East flank of the volcano where a cold aquifer is detected at a depth of 80 m (resistivity in the range 70–300 W m). CO2 and temperature measurements corroborate the delineation of the hydrothermal body in the summit part of the volcano while a negative self-potential anomaly underlines the position of the cold aquifer.
    Description: Published
    Description: L17304
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: hydrogeology ; Stromboli volcano ; CO2 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    A new hydrothermal scenario for the 2006 Lusi eruption, Indonesia. Insights from gas geochemistry (2012)
    Elsevier B.V.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 29th of May 2006 gas and mud eruptions suddenly appeared along the Watukosek fault in the north east of Java, Indonesia. Within a few weeks several villages were submerged by boiling mud. The most prominent eruption site was named Lusi. To date (November 2011) Lusi is still active and a ~7 km2 area is covered by the burst mud breccia. The mechanisms responsible for this devastating eruption remain elusive. While there is consensus about the origin of the erupted mud, the source of water is uncertain, the origin of the gas is unknown and the trigger of the eruption is still debated. In order to shed light on these unknowns, we acquired a wide set of data of molecular and isotopic composition of gas sampled in several Lusi vents, in the surrounding mud volcanoes, in the closest natural gas field (Wunut), and in the hydrothermal vents at the neighbouring volcanic complex in the period 2006–2011. The boiling fluids erupted in the crater zone are apparently CO2-dominated, while colder CH4-dominated and C2–C3 bearing fluids are identified at several sites around the crater zone. Gas genetic diagrams, maturity plots and gas generation modelling suggest that the hydrocarbons are thermogenic (δ¹³C1 up to −35‰; δ¹³C2 up to −20‰), deriving from marine kerogen with maturity of at least 1.5%Ro, for instance in the ~4400 m deep Ngimbang source rocks. CO2 released from the crater and surrounding seeps is also thermogenic (δ¹³C from −15 to −24‰) related to kerogen decarboxylation or thermal CH4 oxidation in deep rocks, although three vents just outside the crater showed an apparent inorganic signature (−7.5 ‰〈 δ¹³C=−0.5‰) associated to mantle helium (R/Ra up to 6.5). High CO2–CH4 equilibrium temperatures (200–400 °C) are typical of thermally altered hydrocarbons or organic matter. The data suggest mainly thermally altered organic sources for the erupted gases, deeper sourced than the mud and water (Upper Kalibeng shales). These results are consistent with a scenario of deep seated (〉4000 m) magmatic intrusions and hydrothermal fluids responsible for the enhanced heat that altered source rocks and/or gas reservoirs. The neighbouring magmatic Arjuno complex and its fluid–pressure system combined with high seismic activity could have played a key role in the Lusi genesis and evolution. Within this new model framework, Lusi is better understood as a sediment-hosted hydrothermal system rather than a mud volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: 305–318
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Lusi eruption ; sediment-hosted hydrothermal system ; mud volcanoes ; gas origin ; CO2 and CH4 ; mantle ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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