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  • 1
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: An essential question in ecology relies on whether to analyze functional diversity through species traits or to explore the traits' variability at the individual level. Traditionally, several studies have been based on unique values to represent species traits, assuming that intraspecific trait variation (ITV) has minimal impact on overall community trait variability. However, ITV can significantly influence assessments of individual and species adaptation to environmental disturbances, providing insights concerning density patterns, speciation, dispersal, and biological interactions. Thus, the importance of ITV was assessed from two perspectives: (i) community assembly rules and (ii) biological invasions. A dataset comprising ten morphological traits related to habitat use and diet of 5226 fishes belonging to 49 species that occupy the marginal areas of the Itaipu Reservoir (Brazil) was used as a case study. First, the relative contributions of ITV and species turnover (interspecific variability) to overall trait variability and the strength of internal and external filters on fish assemblages using individual traits were investigated. Species turnover accounted for most trait variance within assemblages, but ITV also played an important role for specific traits. Internal filters such as competition highly influence the functional diversity of fish species in an old reservoir. Alternatively, external filters (i.e., regional processes) did not present significant effects on functional traits, which may be related to their greater influence during the reservoir's filling phase. The difference between the functional niche occupied by native species and non-native ones, and the impact of non-native species dominance on the functional diversity patterns of native assemblages (indexed by functional richness, functional evenness, functional divergence, and functional redundancy) was also investigated. It was observed that the functional niche occupied by native species differs from non-native species, suggesting that non-native species have traits that enable them to exploit resources differently. Non-native species presented negative effects on the functional attributes of native fish populations, even in highly impacted environments such as reservoirs, reinforcing the importance of understanding the dynamics between native and non-native species in specific ecosystems. It is expected that the results of this study will assist in the development of public policies in the area of reservoir conservation, offering new insights into critical mechanisms associated with the biodiversity of the marginal regions of reservoirs that are exploited by human activities.
    Description: Uma questão fundamental na ecologia consiste na escolha entre analisar a diversidade funcional por meio de traços a nível de espécie ou explorar a variabilidade dentro de cada espécie, a nível de indivíduo. Tradicionalmente, a maioria dos estudos têm se baseado em valores únicos para representar os traços das espécies, assumindo que a variabilidade intraespecífica dos traços (VIT) tem um impacto mínimo na variabilidade geral dos traços em uma comunidade. No entanto, a VIT pode influenciar significativamente a adaptação das espécies a perturbações ambientais, fornecendo insights sobre padrões de densidade, especiação, dispersão e interações biológicas. Assim, a importância da VIT foi avaliada a partir de duas perspectivas: (i) regras de montagem de comunidades e (ii) invasões biológicas, utilizando como estudo de caso um conjunto de dados composto por 10 traços morfológicos relacionados ao uso de habitat e dieta de 5226 peixes pertencentes a 49 espécies que ocupam as margens do reservatório de Itaipu. Primeiro, investigou-se a contribuição relativa da VIT versus turnover de espécies (variabilidade interespecífica) para a variabilidade geral dos traços, e também quais filtros atuam sobre as assembleias de peixes utilizando dados a nível de indivíduo. O turnover de espécies representou a maior parte da variância dos traços dentro das assembleias, mas a VIT também exerceu um papel significativo, especialmente para alguns traços. Observou-se que os filtros internos, como a competição, parecem atuar sobre a diversidade funcional das espécies de peixes em um reservatório antigo. Filtros externos (ou seja, processos regionais) não apresentaram efeitos significativos, o que pode ser atribuído à sua provável maior influência durante a fase de formação do reservatório, onde mudanças ambientais ocorreram de forma mais frequente. Investigou-se também a diferença entre o nicho funcional ocupado por espécies nativas e não nativas, e o impacto da dominância de espécies não nativas sobre a riqueza, equitabilidade, divergência e redundância funcional das assembleias de peixes nativas. Observou-se que nicho funcional ocupado por espécies nativas difere das espécies não nativas, sugerindo que as espécies não nativas possuem traços que lhes permitem explorar recursos de maneira diferente. Também se demonstrou que espécies não nativas exerceram efeitos negativos nos atributos funcionais das populações de peixes nativos, mesmo em ambientes altamente impactados como os reservatórios, destacando a importância de compreender a dinâmica entre espécies nativas e não nativas dentro de ecossistemas específicos. Espera-se que os resultados deste estudo auxiliem na elaboração de políticas públicas na área da conservação de reservatórios, oferecendo novos insights sobre mecanismos críticos associados à biodiversidade das áreas marginais de reservatórios que são exploradas por atividades humanas.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Invasões biológicas ; Diversidade funcional ; Ecomorfologia ; Variabilidade intraespecífica dos traços (VIT) ; Reservatórios ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::D::Dams ; ASFA_2015::B::Biodiversity ; ASFA_2015::D
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 77pp.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: The State of the Ocean Report (StOR) has the ambition to inform policymakers about the state of the ocean and to stimulate research and policy actions towards ‘the ocean we need for the future we want’, contributing to the 2030 Agenda and in particular SDG 14, which reads ‘Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources’, as well as other global processes such as the UNFCCC, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. Structured around the seven UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development Outcomes, the Report provides important information about the achievements of the UN Ocean Decade and, in the longer term, about ocean well-being. The StOR will be used to inform policy and administrative priorities and identify research focus areas that need to be strengthened or developed.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Plastic pollution ; Ecosystem restoration ; Deoxygenation ; Blue carbon ecosystems ; Marine spatial planning (MSP) ; Sustainable production ; Sustainable food prduction ; Carbon dioxide ; Harmful algal blooms ; Global Ocean Observing System ; Data sharing ; ASFA_2015::P::Plastics ; ASFA_2015::A::Acidification ; ASFA_2015::G::Global warming ; ASFA_2015::C::Carbon
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 92pp.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: Mangrove forests provide valuable ecosystem services to coastal communities across tropical and subtropical regions. Current anthropogenic stressors threaten these ecosystems and urge researchers to create improved monitoring methods for better environmental management. Recent efforts that have focused on automatically quantifying the above-ground biomass using image analysis have found some success on high resolution imagery of mangrove forests that have sparse vegetation. In this study, we focus on stands of mangrove forests with dense vegetation consisting of the endemic Pelliciera rhizophorae and the more widespread Rhizophora mangle mangrove species located in the remote Utría National Park in the Colombian Pacific coast. Our developed workflow used consumer-grade Unoccupied Aerial System (UAS) imagery of the mangrove forests, from which large orthophoto mosaics and digital surface models are built. We apply convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for instance segmentation to accurately delineate (33% instance average precision) individual tree canopies for the Pelliciera rhizophorae species. We also apply CNNs for semantic segmentation to accurately identify (97% precision and 87% recall) the area coverage of the Rhizophora mangle mangrove tree species as well as the area coverage of surrounding mud and water land-cover classes. We provide a novel algorithm for merging predicted instance segmentation tiles of trees to recover tree shapes and sizes in overlapping border regions of tiles. Using the automatically segmented ground areas we interpolate their height from the digital surface model to generate a digital elevation model, significantly reducing the effort for ground pixel selection. Finally, we calculate a canopy height model from the digital surface and elevation models and combine it with the inventory of Pelliciera rhizophorae trees to derive the height of each individual mangrove tree. The resulting inventory of a mangrove forest, with individual P. rhizophorae tree height information, as well as crown shape and size descriptions, enables the use of allometric equations to calculate important monitoring metrics, such as above-ground biomass and carbon stocks.
    Keywords: mangrove forests ; forest inventory ; monitoring ; habitat mapping ; UAV ; UAS ; artificial ; intelligence ; machine learning ; instance segmentation ; semantic segmentation ; above ground biomass ; carbon stock
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: Coral reefs are the most biodiverse marine ecosystems, and host a wide range of taxonomic diversity in a complex spatial community structure. Existing coral reef survey methods struggle to accurately capture the taxonomic detail within the complex spatial structure of benthic communities. We propose a workflow to leverage underwater hyperspectral image transects and two machine learning algorithms to produce dense habitat maps of 1150 m2 of reefs across the Curaçao coastline. Our multi-method workflow labelled all 500+ million pixels with one of 43 classes at taxonomic family, genus or species level for corals, algae, sponges, or to substrate labels such as sediment, turf algae and cyanobacterial mats. With low annotation effort (only 2% of pixels) and no external data, our workflow enables accurate (Fbeta of 87%) survey-scale mapping, with unprecedented thematic detail and with fine spatial resolution (2.5 cm/pixel). Our assessments of the composition and configuration of the benthic communities of 23 image transects showed high consistency. Digitizing the reef habitat and community structure enables validation and novel analysis of pattern and scale in coral reef ecology. Our dense habitat maps reveal the inadequacies of point sampling methods to accurately describe reef benthic communities.
    Keywords: coral reefs ; habitat mapping ; hyperspectral imaging ; machine learning ; survey scale mapping ; thematic detail
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: Shallow-water rhodolith beds are rare in the Mediterranean Sea and generally poorly known. The Punta de la Mona rhodolith bed extends for 16,000 square meters in shallow and oligotrophic waters at the southern coast of Spain, off Almuñecar in the Alborán Sea. We present a detailed analysis of the structure (rhodolith cover and density, rhodolith size and shape, sediment granulometry) and morphospecies composition of the bed along a depth gradient. A stratified sampling was carried out at six depths (9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 m), estimating rhodolith cover and abundance; rhodoliths were collected from one 30 by 30 cm quadrat for each transect, resulting in 18 samples and a total of 656 rhodoliths. The collected rhodoliths were measured and the coralline algal components identified morphoanatomically through a stereomicroscope and SEM. Sediment on the seafloor mainly consisted of pebbles and cobbles; the highest rhodolith cover occurred between 15 and 18 m, and the lowest at the shallowest and deepest transects (9 and 24 m). Mean Rhodolith size was similar throughout the depth range (23–35 mm) with a slight increase at 24 m, although the largest rhodoliths occurred at 21 m. In monospecific rhodoliths, size depended more on the forming species than on depth. We found 25 non-geniculate coralline morphospecies, nearly all rhodolith-forming morphospecies reported in the Mediterranean Sea in recent accounts. The highest morphospecies richness (18–19) and proportional abundance were found at intermediate depths (15–18 m), where rhodolith cover is also highest. Lithophyllum incrustans and Lithophyllum dentatum dominated at shallow depths (9–12 m), whereas Lithothamnion valens was the dominant species at intermediate and greater depths. Overall, the latter species was the most common in the rhodolith bed. The shallow-water rhodolith bed in Punta de la Mona is probably the most diverse in the Mediterranean Sea. This highlights the importance of the conservation of this habitat and, in general, emphasizes the role of the Alborán Sea as a diversity center of coralline algae. The Punta de la Mona example contradicts the common assumption in the geological literature that rhodolith beds are indicative of oligophotic environments with high nutrients levels.
    Keywords: coralline red algae ; depth-gradient patterns ; rhodolith cover and size ; rhodolith diversity ; Alboran sea
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Wu, Henry C; Felis, Thomas; Scholz, Denis; Giry, Cyril; Kölling, Martin; Jochum, Klaus Peter; Scheffers, Sander R (2017): Changes to Yucatán Peninsula precipitation associated with salinity and temperature extremes of the Caribbean Sea during the Maya civilization collapse. Scientific Reports, 7, 15825, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15942-0
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: Explanations of the Classic Maya civilization demise on the Yucatán Peninsula during the Terminal Classic Period (TCP; ~CE 750-1050) are controversial. Multiyear droughts are one likely cause, but the role of the Caribbean Sea, the dominant moisture source for Mesoamerica, remains largely unknown. Here we present bimonthly-resolved snapshots of reconstructed sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS) variability in the southern Caribbean from precisely dated fossil corals. The results indicate pronounced interannual to decadal SST and SSS variability during the TCP, which may be temporally coherent to precipitation anomalies on the Yucatán. Our results are best explained by changed Caribbean SST gradients affecting the Caribbean low-level atmospheric jet with consequences for Mesoamerican precipitation, which are possibly linked to changes in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation strength. Our findings provide a new perspective on the anomalous hydrological changes during the TCP that complement the oft-suggested southward displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. We advocate for a strong role of Caribbean SST and SSS condition changes and related ocean-atmosphere interactions that notably influenced the propagation and transport of precipitation to the Yucatán Peninsula during the TCP.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; MARUM
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 7 datasets
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: High-resolution multi-proxy records from two lakes on the southern Tibetan Plateau, Nam Co and Tangra Yumco, are used to infer long-term variations in the Asian monsoon system. We examine the moisture evolution during the Late Glacial Maximum and Holocene using the trace element and stable isotope composition of ostracod shells. The sediment records covering the past 24 cal. ka BP and 18 cal. ka BP, respectively, demonstrate the suitability of ostracod shell chemistry as paleoenvironmental proxy. We analysed (i) Mg/Ca, Ba/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios as salinity proxies, (ii) Fe/Ca, Mn/Ca and U/Ca ratios representing redox conditions and microbial activity, and (iii) rare earth elements (REEs) reflecting weathering and changes in provenance.
    Keywords: Ostracoda; Paleoclimate; Paleolimnology; Rare earth elements; Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes; trace elements ratio
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 9
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Sasgen, Ingo; van den Broeke, Michiel R; Bamber, Jonathan L; Rignot, Eric; Sørensen, Louise Sandberg; Wouters, Bert; Martinec, Zdenek; Velicogna, Isabella; Simonsen, Sebastian B (2012): Timing and origin of recent regional ice-mass loss in Greenland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 333-334, 293-303, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.03.033
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: Within the last decade, the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) and its surroundings have experienced record high surface temperatures (Mote, 2007, doi:10.1029/2007GL031976; Box et al., 2010), ice sheet melt extent (Fettweis et al., 2011, doi:10.5194/tc-5-359-2011) and record-low summer sea-ice extent (Nghiem et al., 2007, doi:10.1029/2007GL031138). Using three independent data sets, we derive, for the first time, consistent ice-mass trends and temporal variations within seven major drainage basins from gravity fields from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE; Tapley et al., 2004, doi:10.1029/2004GL019920), surface-ice velocities from Inteferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR; Rignot and Kanagaratnam, 2006, doi:10.1126/science.1121381) together with output of the regional atmospheric climate modelling (RACMO2/ GR; Ettema et al., 2009, doi:10.1029/2009GL038110), and surface-elevation changes from the Ice, cloud and land elevation satellite (ICESat; Sorensen et al., 2011, doi:10.5194/tc-5-173-2011). We show that changing ice discharge (D), surface melting and subsequent run-off (M/R) and precipitation (P) all contribute, in a complex and regionally variable interplay, to the increasingly negative mass balance of the GrIS observed within the last decade. Interannual variability in P along the northwest and west coasts of the GrIS largely explains the apparent regional mass loss increase during 2002-2010, and obscures increasing M/R and D since the 1990s. In winter 2002/2003 and 2008/2009, accumulation anomalies in the east and southeast temporarily outweighed the losses by M/R and D that prevailed during 2003-2008, and after summer 2010. Overall, for all basins of the GrIS, the decadal variability of anomalies in P, M/R and D between 1958 and 2010 (w.r.t. 1961-1990) was significantly exceeded by the regional trends observed during the GRACE period (2002-2011).
    Keywords: International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: This dataset presents benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O chronostratigraphies for International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1541, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1090 and ODP Site 980-981 based on different tuning targets including LR04 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005), LR09 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2009), CENOGRID (Westerhold et al., 2020) and Probstack (Ahn et al., 2017) obtained by Middleton et al. (2024). The benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record for IODP Site U1541 (54°13'S, 125°25'W) recently recovered from the central South Pacific on IODP Expedition 383 (Winckler et al., 2021) is shown for the first time and is published in Middleton et al. (2024). All data records are based on Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and Cibicides kullenbergi, or combinations thereof. The dataset provides the basis for investigating and discussing the uncertainties of benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O stratigraphies for conventional manual and automated tuning techniques and evaluate their impact on sedimentary age models over the past 3.5 Myr (Middleton et al., 2024).
    Keywords: Integrated Ocean Drilling Program / International Ocean Discovery Program; IODP; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 7 datasets
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: In July 2022 within the framework of an Alfred-Wegener-Institute-managed expedition and the Nunataryuk project, sediment cores were taken at three locations, off the coast of Herschel Island, Canada, using a hand corer: YC22_MR_6: 69°34'23.12N, 138°54'37.76W; 3 m water depth; July 6th 2022 YC22_MR_7: 69°34'23.53N, 138°56'37.66W, 6 m water depth; July 7th 2022 YC22_MR_8: 69°30'22.75''N, 138°53'21.69''W; 45 m water depth; July 24th 2022 Data sets were obtained to investigate carbon feedback from the sediments to the water column and atmosphere, using DIC concentrations and isotopic values. The local sediments are supplied primarily by organic carbon previously stored in adjacent permafrost soils (biomarker and bulk data), which erode and redeposit quickly (age model) on the ocean floor. The acquired data includes: 1) Sediment data: Bulk total organic carbon content (Lamping et al., 2021) and its isotopic values for 13C (Brodie et al., 2011; Werner & Brand, 2001) and 14C (Mollenhauer et al., 2021) and Biomarker data: Quantifying alkanes (CPI) , and fatty acids (TAR ratio) as described by Wei et al. (2020), Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs basis for BIT-Index) after Hopmans et al. (2016), Hopanes (fßß) following instructions by Meyer et al., (2019), and Sterols (Dinosterol) after Dauner et al. (2022). 2) Porewater was extracted from the cores using rhizomes and quantified as described in Oni et al., (2015). Dissolved inorganic carbon isotope signatures were determined as CO2 for 13C (Torres et al., 2005) and 14C (Mollenhauer et al., 2021). 3) Intact polar lipid fatty acids were extracted from the sediments, purified, and 14C analysis was performed as described in Ruben et al. (2023). The 13C isotopy was determined with GC-IRMS (Elvert et al., 2003). The respective precursor lipids of the polar fraction used for isotope analysis were quantified following the method described in Wörmer et al. (2013). Datasets are to be found at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.966262 and doi:/10.1594/PANGAEA.966264. 4) Sedimentary age model of core YC22_MR_7 assuming constant rate of supply (CRS) model (Appleby, 2001), based on data obtained with a HPGe gamma detector.
    Keywords: NUNATARYUK; NUNATARYUK, Permafrost thaw and the changing Arctic coast, science for socioeconomic adaptation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 7 datasets
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: We present results of Th/U dating, stable isotope and trace element data from a speleothem from Puerto Rico. Th/U dating was performed using isotope dilution MC-ICPMS. Activity ratios were corrected for initial Th assuming an detrital weight ratio 232Th/238U = 0.154 ± 0.038 (corresponding to an activity ratio of the detritus in secular equilibrium of (230Th/232Th)detr = 19.79 ± 4.93), and secular equilibrium of the detritus. Ages are calculated using the decay constants by Cheng et al. (2000)). Uncertainties are given as 2σ- range, and do not include half-life uncertainties. Th/U dating shows that stalagmite PR-LA-1 covers the period from 15.4 to 46.2 ka with a growth interruption between 35.5 and 41.1 ka. Stable isotope samples were drilled with a spatial resolution of 1 mm and measured using an IRMS equipped with a Gasbench. Element/Calcium ratios of the speleothem were measured by laser ablation ICPMS and were reduced to the resolution of the stable isotope records.
    Keywords: speleothem; Stable isotopes; trace elements
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 13
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Obert, J Christina; Scholz, Denis; Felis, Thomas; Lippold, Jörg; Jochum, Klaus Peter; Andreae, Meinrat O (2019): Improved constraints on open-system processes in fossil reef corals by combined Th/U, Pa/U and Ra/Th dating: A case study from Aqaba, Jordan. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 245, 459-478, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2018.11.024
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: Here we present 230Th/U, 231Pa/U as well as 226Ra/230Th isotope ratios from five fossil reef corals of Last Interglacial origin from the Gulf of Aqaba, Northern Red Sea. The results show clear evidence for open-system behaviour with strongly elevated δ234U values and U concentrations indicating post-depositional U addition. The combined application of all isotope systems enables us to better constrain the nature and timing of the open-system processes than only based on the 230Th/U data. Quantitative modelling of the diagenetic processes allowed us to reproduce the trends in the isotope ratios. Two of the five corals were probably affected by two separate phases of U addition with different δ234U values. The trends observed for two other corals can be explained by U addition followed by U loss. The fifth coral shows signs of both U gain and loss at the same time in the more recent past. The timing of the diagenetic processes is remarkably similar for the five corals and can be constrained to approx. 1 and 6 thousand years (ka) and 100 and 102 ka after coral growth, respectively. Based on the modelling results, we suggest that conventional 231Pa/230Th ages provide the best estimate for the true age of four of the five corals, which range from 109.1 to 114.1 ka. This implies a late Last Interglacial time of deposition. For the fifth coral, the most reliable age estimate is the conventional 230Th/U age of one of the subsamples (117.3 ka), based on a concordia diagram for all subsamples. The timing of the modelled open-system processes suggests that the early event of U addition was associated with interaction of the corals with 234U-enriched seawater or saline groundwater. The later open-system event can be described as U redistribution within the coral reef, since some corals apparently lost U while others gained U. The timing of the second event is broadly consistent with the Bølling-Allerød interstadial, which was probably characterised by enhanced wetness in this typically hyper-arid region.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; MARUM
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 14
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Xie, Hongjie; Ackley, Stephen F; Yi, D; Zwally, H Jay; Wagner, P; Weissling, Blake P; Lewis, M; Ye, K (2011): Sea-ice thickness distribution of the Bellingshausen Sea from surface measurements and ICESat altimetry. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 58(9-10), 1039-1051, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.038
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: Although sea-ice extent in the Bellingshausen-Amundsen (BA) seas sector of the Antarctic has shown significant decline over several decades, there is not enough data to draw any conclusion on sea-ice thickness and its change for the BA sector, or for the entire Southern Ocean. This paper presents our results of snow and ice thickness distributions from the SIMBA 2007 experiment in the Bellingshausen Sea, using four different methods (ASPeCt ship observations, downward-looking camera imaging, ship-based electromagnetic induction (EM) sounding, and in situ measurements using ice drills). A snow freeboard and ice thickness model generated from in situ measurements was then applied to contemporaneous ICESat (satellite laser altimetry) measured freeboard to derive ice thickness at the ICESat footprint scale. Errors from in situ measurements and from ICESat freeboard estimations were incorporated into the model, so a thorough evaluation of the model and uncertainty of the ice thickness estimation from ICESat are possible. Our results indicate that ICESat derived snow freeboard and ice thickness distributions (asymmetrical unimodal tailing to right) for first-year ice (0.29 ± 0.14 m for mean snow freeboard and 1.06 ± 0.40 m for mean ice thickness), multi-year ice (0.48 ± 0.26 and 1.59 ± 0.75 m, respectively), and all ice together (0.42 ± 0.24 and 1.38 ± 0.70 m, respectively) for the study area seem reasonable compared with those values from the in situ measurements, ASPeCt observations, and EM measurements. The EM measurements can act as an appropriate supplement for ASPeCt observations taken hourly from the ship's bridge and provide reasonable ice and snow distributions under homogeneous ice conditions. Our proposed approaches: (1) of using empirical equations relating snow freeboard to ice thickness based on in situ measurements and (2) of using isostatic equations that replace snow depth with snow freeboard (or empirical equations that convert freeboard to snow depth), are efficient and important ways to derive ice thickness from ICESat altimetry at the footprint scale for Antarctic sea ice. Spatial and temporal snow and ice thickness from satellite altimetry for the BA sector and for the entire Southern Ocean is therefore possible.
    Keywords: Bellingshausen Sea; Event label; Freeboard; ICE; Ice station; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Nathaniel B. Palmer; NBP0709; Number of measurements; Sea ice thickness; SIMBA; SIMBA_Brussels; SIMBA_Fabra; SIMBA_Station-1; SIMBA_Station-2; SIMBA_Station-3; Snow thickness
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 30 data points
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  • 15
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Obert, J Christina; Scholz, Denis; Felis, Thomas; Brocas, William M; Jochum, Klaus Peter; Andreae, Meinrat O (2016): 230Th/U dating of Last Interglacial brain corals from Bonaire (southern Caribbean) using bulk and theca wall material. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 178, 20-40, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.01.011
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: We compared the suitability of two skeletal materials of the Atlantic brain coral Diploria strigosa for 230Th/U-dating: the commonly used bulk material comprising all skeletal elements and the denser theca wall material. Eight fossil corals of presumably Last Interglacial age from Bonaire, southern Caribbean Sea, were investigated, and several sub-samples were dated from each coral. For four corals, both the ages and the activity ratios of the bulk material and theca wall agree within uncertainty. Three corals show significantly older ages for their bulk material than for their theca wall material as well as substantially elevated 232Th content and (230Th/238U) ratios. The bulk material samples of another coral show younger ages and lower (230Th/238U) ratios than the corresponding theca wall samples. This coral also contains a considerable amount of 232Th. The application of the available open-system models developed to account for post-depositional diagenetic effects in corals shows that none of the models can successfully be applied to the Bonaire corals. The most likely explanation for this observation is that the assumptions of the models are not fulfilled by our data set. Comparison of the theca wall and bulk material data enables us to obtain information about the open-system processes that affected the corals. The corals showing apparently older ages for their bulk material were probably affected by contamination with a secondary (detrital) phase. The most likely source of the detrital material is carbonate sand. The higher (230Th/232Th) ratio of this material implies that detrital contamination would have a much stronger impact on the ages than a contaminant with a bulk Earth (230Th/232Th) ratio and that the threshold for the commonly applied 232Th reliability criterion would be much lower than the generally used value of 1 ng g^-1. The coral showing apparently younger ages for its bulk material was probably influenced by more than one diagenetic process. A potential scenario is a combination of detrital contamination and U addition by secondary pore infillings. Our results show that the dense theca wall material of D. strigosa is generally less affected by post-depositional open-system behaviour and better suited for 230Th/U-dating than the bulk material. This is also obvious from the fact that all ages of theca wall material reflect a Last Interglacial origin (~125 ka), whereas the bulk material samples are either substantially older or younger. However, for some corals, the 230Th/U-ages and activity ratios of the bulk material and the theca wall samples are similar. This shows that strictly reliable 230Th/U-ages can also be obtained from bulk material samples of exceptionally well-preserved corals. However, the bulk material samples more frequently show elevated activity ratios and ages than the corresponding theca wall samples. Our findings should be generally applicable to brain corals (Mussidae) that are found in tropical oceans worldwide and may enable reliable 230Th/U-dating of fossil corals with similar skeletal architecture, even if their bulk skeleton is altered by diagenesis. The 230Th/U-ages we consider reliable (120–130 ka), along with a recently published age of 118 ka, provide the first comprehensive dating of the elevated lower reef terrace at Bonaire (118–130 ka), which is in agreement in timing and duration with other Last Interglacial records.
    Keywords: AGE; Age, 230Th/U Thorium-Uranium; Age, standard deviation; BON-12-A; BON-13-AI.1; BON-17-AI; BON-24-AII.2; BON-26-A; BON-28-AI; BON-33-BI.2; BON-5-A; Bonaire, Caribbean Netherlands; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Comment; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Event label; Group; Hand drill; HDRILL; MARUM; Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS); Thorium-230/Uranium-238 activity ratio; Thorium-230/Uranium-238 activity ratio, standard deviation; Thorium-232; Thorium-232/Uranium-238 activity ratio; Thorium-232/Uranium-238 activity ratio, standard deviation; Uranium-234/Uranium-238 activity ratio; Uranium-234/Uranium-238 activity ratio, standard deviation; Uranium-238
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 546 data points
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  • 16
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Abed, Raeid M M; Tamm, Susanne; Hassenrück, Christiane; Al-Rawahi, Ahmed N; Rodríguez-Caballero, Emilio; Fiedler, Stephanie; Maier, Stefanie; Weber, Bettina (2019): Habitat-dependent composition of bacterial and fungal communities in biological soil crusts from Oman. Scientific Reports, 9(1), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42911-6
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) occur within drylands throughout the world, covering ~12% of the global terrestrial soil surface. Their occurrence in the deserts of the Arabian Peninsula has rarely been reported and their spatial distribution, diversity, and microbial composition remained largely unexplored. We investigated biocrusts at six different locations in the coastal and central deserts of Oman. The biocrust types were characterized, and the bacterial and fungal community compositions of biocrusts and uncrusted soils were analysed by amplicon sequencing. For each sample two different libraries were prepared: one for the V3V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene (bacteria), and the other for the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1; fungi). Sequences were processed in R using dada2. The code for sequence processing as well as statistical analysis, final OTU and taxonomy tables were archived on PANGAEA alongside the environmental information.
    Keywords: Area/locality; Carbon, total; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio; Conductivity, specific; Country; Date/Time of event; Depth, bottom/max; Depth, top/min; ELEVATION; Environment; Event label; Guidelines for soil description; Impact; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Nitrogen, total; Oman; Oman_20160125; Oman_20160126; Oman_20160127-01; Oman_20160127-02; Oman_20160127-03; Oman_20160127-04; Oman_20160129; pH; pH electrode, Hamilton Messetechnik GmbH, Minitrode, [Höchst, Germany]; Replicates; Sample code/label; Sample comment; Soil properties; Soil type; Type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 908 data points
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: We present a new speleothem trace element and stable isotope record, which extends previous paleoclimate evidence from Cuban speleothems to the last 96 ka. Stable isotope samples were micromilled at a resolution of 0.10-0.33mm, and measured using an IRMS equipped with a Gasbench. Line scans of Element/Calcium ratios of the speleothem were measured by laser ablation ICPMS and were reduced to the resolution of the stable isotope records.
    Keywords: AGE; Central America; Mass spectrometer DeltaPlusXL coupled to a Gasbench II; paleoclimatology; Santo Tomas Cave, Cuba; speleothem; Speleothem sample; SPS; Stable isotopes; Stalagmite Cuba Medio; STC-CM; δ13C, stacked; δ18O, stacked
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3568 data points
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: We present a new speleothem trace element and stable isotope record, which extends previous paleoclimate evidence from Cuban speleothems to the last 96 ka. Stable isotope samples were micromilled at a resolution of 0.10-0.33mm, and measured using an IRMS equipped with a Gasbench. Line scans of Element/Calcium ratios of the speleothem were measured by laser ablation ICPMS and were reduced to the resolution of the stable isotope records.
    Keywords: AGE; Barium/Calcium ratio; Central America; Laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-SF-MS); Magnesium/Calcium ratio; paleoclimatology; Phosphorus/Calcium ratio; Santo Tomas Cave, Cuba; speleothem; Speleothem sample; SPS; Stalagmite Cuba Medio; STC-CM; Strontium/Calcium ratio; trace elements; Uranium/Calcium ratio
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 11205 data points
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: Culturing experiments exposed the scleractinian corals Porites lobata and Porites lichen to a mixture of dissolved chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in a wide concentration range for a period of more than a year. The aim was to examine whether the incorporation of heavy metals into the aragonitic skeleton of the corals is a direct function of their concentration in seawater. Therefore, the trace-element-to-calcium ratio (TE/Ca) in the coral aragonite precipitated during culturing was measured by Laser ablation ICP-MS in 2020. The measurement showed that all metals used here were measureable in the coral skeleton and only minor, non-systematic intra- and interspecies differences in the trace metal concentrations was found. A positive correlation between the TE/Ca values and the coral skeleton was found for Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Ag, Cd and Pb. Cu, Sn and Hg did not show any clear trend. This dataset shows time resolved trace element-to-calcium values of coral colonies A to D cultured in the metal system along the measured Laser ablation ICP-MS scanning lines (Line XY stands for different Laser ablation lines measured at different positions at one respective coral colony) and values derived from the composite lines. Measurements were carried out from the top of the coral to the bottom and the distance starting from the top is indicated as “Elapse Time”. The energy density of the laser was set to 10 J/cm3, the laser spot size was 120 µm diameter and the stage moved 50 µm/s. Prior to every scan, a preablation pass with a spot size of 160 µm diameter was carried out to clean the cut surface of the coral skeleton. Culturing experiments were configured with two identically experimental aquaria. Four different coral colonies and two different species were used (Porites lobate Coral A-C, Porites lichen Coral D). All colonies were divided into subcolonies and growth control was performed with Alizarin Red S prior and during the experiment. One subcolony was placed in each experimental tank. The control aquarium remained unmodified while the trace metal concentration in the metal aquarium was elevated stepwise (Phase 1-4, Phase 1 = lowest metal concentration). The trace metal concentration in both tanks was monitored during the culturing period. After the experiment and more than 15 months later, specimens were cut again and the trace metal concentration in the coral skeleton was determined. It should be noted that coral D died 2.5 weeks after the exposure to the highest metal concentration in phase 4. TE/Ca values are processes as followed: (1) Time resolves raw intensities (in counts per seconds) for all isotopes measured were processed with the software Iolite (Version 4). The determination of element/Ca ratios was performed after the method of Rosenthal et al. (1999). High values of 25Mg, 27Al or 55Mn at the beginning of an ablation profile were related to contamination on the surface of the coral or remains of organic matter and these parts of the profiles were excluded from further data processing. (2) The NIST SRM 612 glass (Jochum et al., 2011) was used for monitoring and correction of the instrument drift. (3) The detection limit was defined by 3.3*SD of the gas blank in counts per seconds for every element in the raw data. Only values above this limit were used for further analyses and no data below the LOQ (limit of quantification = 10*SD) were interpreted. After processing the data with Iolite, an outlier detection of the TE/Ca ratios of the samples was performed. If trace metal values from deviated more than ±2SD from the average of the samples from the corresponding culturing phase, values were defined as outliers and discarded. (4) A composite line was calculated individually for all colonies consisting of the laser ablation measurements along the main growth axis of the coral (coral A line 1-3, coral B line 1-3, coral C line 2 + 3, coral D line 1). Laser ablation measurements along lines that were deviating from the main growth axis of the coral were not taken into account. Calculations were performed with QAnalyseries (Kotov and Paelike, 2018).
    Keywords: Argentum/Calcium ratio; Cadmium/Calcium ratio; Chromium/Calcium ratio; Copper/Calcium ratio; Coral; culture experiment; Elapsed time; Experiment; heavy metals; Laser Ablation; Laser ablation, ICP-MS; Lead/Calcium ratio; Magnesium/Calcium ratio; Manganese/Calcium ratio; Mercury/Calcium ratio; Nickel/Calcium ratio; Phase; Porites; Strontium/Calcium ratio; Tin/Calcium ratio; trace elements; Zinc/Calcium ratio
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 836360 data points
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  • 20
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Lehrmann, Daniel; Chaikin, Daniel H; Enos, Paul; Minzoni, Marcello; Payne, Jonathan L; Yu, Meiyi; Goers, Alexa; Wood, Tanner; Richter, Paula; Kelley, Brian M; Li, Xiaowei; Quin, Yanijao; Liu, Lingyun; Lu, Gang (2015): Patterns of basin fill in Triassic turbidites of the Nanpanjiang basin: implications for regional tectonics and impacts on carbonate-platform evolution. Basin Research, 27(5), 587-612, https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12090
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: Triassic turbidites of the Nanpanjiang basin of south China represent the most expansive and voluminous siliciclastic turbidite accumulation in south China. The Nanpanjiang basin occurs at a critical junction between the southern margin of the south China plate and the Indochina, Siamo and Sibumasu plates to the south and southwest. The Triassic Yangtze carbonate shelf and isolated carbonated platforms in the basin have been extensively studied, but silicilastic turbidites in the basin have received relatively little attention. Deciphering the facies, paleocurrent indicators and provenance of the Triassic turbidites is important for several reasons: it promises to help resolve the timing of plate collisions along suture zones bordering the basin to the south and southwest, it will enable evaluation of which suture zones and Precambrian massifs were source areas, and it will allow an evaluation of the impact of the siliciclastic flux on carbonate platform evolution within the basin. Turbidites in the basin include the Early Triassic Shipao Formation and the Middle-Late Triassic Baifeng, Xinyuan, Lanmu Bianyang and Laishike formations. Each ranges upward of 700 m and the thickest is nearly 3 km. The turbidites contain very-fine sand in the northern part of the basin whereas the central and southern parts of the basin also commonly contain fine and rarely medium sand size. Coarser sand sizes occur where paleocurrents are from the south, and in this area some turbidites exhibit complete bouma sequences with graded A divisions. Successions contain numerous alternations between mud-rich and sand-rich intervals with thickness trends corresponding to proximal/ distal fan components. Spectacularly preserved sedimentary structures enable robust evaluation of turbidite systems and paleocurrent analyses. Analysis of paleocurrent measurements indicates two major directions of sediment fill. The northern part of the basin was sourced primarily by the Jiangnan massif in the northeast, and the central and southern parts of the basin were sourced primarily from suture zones and the Yunkai massif to the south and southeast respectively. Sandstones of the Lower Triassic Shipao Fm. have volcaniclastic composition including embayed quartz and glass shards. Middle Triassic sandstones are moderately mature, matrix-rich, lithic wackes. The average QFL ratio from all point count samples is 54.1/18.1/27.8% and the QmFLt ratio is 37.8/ 18.1/ 44.1%. Lithic fragments are dominantly claystone and siltstone clasts and metasedimentary clasts such as quartz mica tectonite. Volcanic lithics are rare. Most samples fall in the recycled orogen field of QmFLt plots, indicating a relatively quartz and lithic rich composition consistent with derivation from Precambrian massifs such as the Jiangnan, and Yunkai. A few samples from the southwest part of the basin fall into the dissected arc field, indicating a somewhat more lithic and feldspar-rich composition consistent with derivation from a suture zone Analysis of detrial zircon populations from 17 samples collected across the basin indicate: (1) Several samples contain zircons with concordant ages greater than 3000 Ma, (2) there are widespread peaks across the basin at 1800 Ma and 2500, (3) a widespread 900 Ma population, (3) a widespread population of zircons at 440 Ma, and (5) a larger population of younger zircons about 250 Ma in the southwestern part which is replaced to the north and northwest by a somewhat older population around 260-290 Ma. The 900 Ma provenance fits derivation from the Jiangnan Massif, the 2500, 1800, and 440 Ma provenance fits the Yunkai massif, and the 250 Ma is consistent with convergence and arc development in suture zones bordering the basin on the south or southwest. Early siliciclastic turbidite flux, proximal to source areas impacted carbonate platform evolution by infilling the basin, reducing accommodation space, stabilizing carbonate platform margins and promoting margin progradation. Late arrival, in areas far from source areas caused margin aggradation over a starved basin, development of high relief aggradational escarpments and unstable scalloped margins.
    Keywords: Age, error; Age, mineral; Area/locality; Correction; Feldspar; Formation; Guangxi, Guizhou, China; HAND; HR ICP-MS, Nu [Arizona Laserchron Center (ALC)]; Kalifeldspar; LATITUDE; Lead-206/Lead-204 ratio; Lead-206/Lead-207, error; Lead-206/Lead-207 ratio; Lead-206/Uranium-238, error; Lead-206/Uranium-238 ratio; Lead-207/Uranium-235, error; Lead-207/Uranium-235 ratio; Linear flow indicator; Lithic grains; LONGITUDE; Matrix; Nanpanjiang_Basin; Number of points; Plagioclase; Point counting, petrographic microscope; Protractor, corrected for strike and dip; Quartz; Quartz, monocrystalline; Quartz, polycrystalline; Sample code/label; Sampling by hand; Sedimentary fragments; Uranium; Uranium/Thorium ratio; Vector; Volcanic fragments
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 34067 data points
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  • 21
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bergmann, Inga; Ramillien, Guillaume; Frappart, Frédéric (2012): Climate-driven interannual ice mass evolution in Greenland. Global and Planetary Change, 82-83, 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.11.005
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: We re-evaluate the Greenland mass balance for the recent period using low-pass Independent Component Analysis (ICA) post-processing of the Level-2 GRACE data (2002-2010) from different official providers (UTCSR, JPL, GFZ) and confirm the present important ice mass loss in the range of -70 and -90 Gt/y of this ice sheet, due to negative contributions of the glaciers on the east coast. We highlight the high interannual variability of mass variations of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), especially the recent deceleration of ice loss in 2009-2010, once seasonal cycles are robustly removed by Seasonal Trend Loess (STL) decomposition. Interannual variability leads to varying trend estimates depending on the considered time span. Correction of post-glacial rebound effects on ice mass trend estimates represents no more than 8 Gt/y over the whole ice sheet. We also investigate possible climatic causes that can explain these ice mass interannual variations, as strong correlations between GRACE-based mass balance and atmosphere/ocean parallels are established: (1) changes in snow accumulation, and (2) the influence of inputs of warm ocean water that periodically accelerate the calving of glaciers in coastal regions and, feed-back effects of coastal water cooling by fresh currents from glaciers melting. These results suggest that the Greenland mass balance is driven by coastal sea surface temperature at time scales shorter than accumulation.
    Keywords: Date/time end; Date/time start; Description; GeoForschungszentrum Potsdam; GFZ; GRACE satellite data, processed; Greenland; Greenland_Ice; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Mass balance; Reference/source; Standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 102 data points
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: For trace element analyses, single specimens of C. wuellerstorfi have been analyzed using femtosecond laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (fs-LA-ICP131 MS) at the Geochemistry Laboratory at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry. Na, Mg, and Sr of 142 specimens of C. wuellerstorfi have been measured at high-resolution on (up to) each of the final five chambers to eliminate possible inaccuracies that are likely to be caused by varying sample size. The fs-LA-ICP-MS analyses were performed on 25-μm diameter spots on each chamber with a pulse repetition rate of 15 Hz at low fluence (0.1-0.3 J/cm2). Calibration was performed with the microanalytical synthetic reference material MACS‐3 for carbonate and NIST612 for silica. Average values of all chambers analyzed in the same specimen were used for further analyses. Since foraminifers from different regions show particular offsets in the Mg/Ca composition of their shell, depending on region specific temperature ranges of ambient seawater, region-specific formulas are used. We have applied the formula Mg/Ca=0.82e^0.19*BWT of Tisserand et al. (2013) from samples collected from similar geographic situations to avoid offsets. The formula has been applied to calculate temperature variability of each analyzed chamber. The average value obtained from chamber-to-chamber temperature variability of each specimen has been applied as average temperature data of the entire test.
    Keywords: 165-999A; Caribbean Sea; Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, Magnesium/Calcium ratio; Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, Sodium/Calcium ratio; Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, Strontium/Calcium ratio; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Joides Resolution; LA-ICP-MS, Laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer; Leg165; Sample code/label; Sample ID; Temperature, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3701 data points
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: Here, we present a global compilation of previously reported sightings of the rare planktic foraminifer Globorotalia cavernula Bé, 1967 as well as new observations of live-collected specimens from the Southern Ocean (Subantarctic south of Africa). The goal of this synthesis is to provide the geographic and stratigraphic context needed to investigate the past and present-day distributions of this rare but possibly under-recognized species. The previous records include modern occurrences in the water column (collected by plankton net tows and a single sediment trap) and seafloor sediments ranging in age from recent to Eocene. Seafloor sediment samples were collected by dredge, sediment grabs and core-tops. Deeper sediments came from drilling cores. Existing databases provided a foundation for this compilation, particularly ForCenS for surface sediments (Siccha & Kucera, 2017) and FORCIS for water-column collections (de Garidel-Thoron et al., 2022; Chaabane et al., 2022, 2023). These records were supplemented with occurrences from the literature, PANGEA, and cruise reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) / Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). Searches were conducted in October 2022 using Google Scholar, GBIF, EOL (Encyclopedia of Life, "http://eol.org", which includes records from the Smithsonian NMNH). Where available, we include information on the abundance of G. cavernula in each collection, and indicate whether photographic evidence (or drawings) could be found to support the identification. Globorotalia crozetensis Thompson, 1973 (reclassified as G. cavernula by Brummer & Kučera, 2022) and closely related Globorotalia petaliformis Boltovskoy, 1974 were also included in compilation.
    Keywords: 15-147; 154-925; 164-997A; 180-1108B; 26-253; 26-254; 26-258A; 2803; 2804; 29-284; 40-362A; 49-411A; 49-412; 54-423; 54-424; 54-425; 73-519; Abundance; abundance data; Abundance per volume; Age, comment; Antarctic Ocean/Tasman Sea/PLATEAU; ATLANTIS_II_cruise31_36; Author(s); Be67_EL_10-1-130; Be67_EL_10-1-131; Be67_EL_10-19-186; Be67_EL_10-19-187; Be67_EL_10-20-190; Be67_EL_10-2-133; Be67_EL_10-24-208; Be67_EL_10-28-219; Be67_EL_10-29-221; Be67_EL_10-31-225; Be67_EL_10-31-226; Be67_EL_10-31-227; Be67_EL_10-3-136; Be67_EL_10-32-230; Be67_EL_10-4-139; Be67_EL_10-5-141; Be67_EL_11-5-249; Be67_EL_13-1-443; Be67_EL_13-2-449; Be67_EL_13-3-456; Be67_EL_13-6-474; Be67_EL_14-4-594; Be67_EL_15-17-806; Be67_EL_15-23-843; Be67_EL_15-26-864; Be67_EL_15-5-751; Be67_EL_15-5-752; Be67_EL_17-34-1112; Be67_EL_18-1-1137; Be67_EL_18-2-1138; Be67_EL_18-3-1150; Be67_EL_19-1171; Be67_EL_19-13-1233; Be67_RC9_80; Be67_RC9_92; Be67_V16_202; BOFS31/1K; BOFS31#1; Caribbean Sea/RIDGE; CD53; Charles Darwin; Closing Discovery net, Manufacturer unknown, N70V; Comment; COMPCORE; Composite Core; Core tops; CP_trap; Cruise/expedition; Depth, description; Disc2_1951_2803; Disc2_1951_2804; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; EL 10-1-130; EL 10-1-131; EL 10-19-186; EL 10-19-187; EL 10-20-190; EL 10-2-133; EL 10-24-208; EL 10-28-219; EL 10-29-221; EL 10-31-225; EL 10-31-226; EL 10-31-227; EL 10-3-136; EL 10-32-230; EL 10-4-139; EL 10-5-141; EL 11-5-249; EL 13-1-443; EL 13-2-449; EL 13-3-456; EL 13-6-474; EL 14-4-594; EL 15-17-806; EL 15-23-843; EL 15-26-864; EL 15-5-751; EL 15-5-752; EL 17-34-1112; EL 18-1-1137; EL 18-2-1138; EL 18-3-1150; EL 19-1171; EL 19-13-1233; ELT10; ELT11; ELT13; ELT14; ELT15; ELT17; ELT18; ELT19; Eltanin; Event label; GeoB1728-3; Giant box corer; GIK15612-2; GIK15637-1; GIK15667-1; GIK15669-2; GIK15672-2; GIK17933-2; GKG; Globorotalia cavernula; Globorotalia crozetensis; Globorotalia petaliformis; Glomar Challenger; Gravity corer (Kiel type); Hayward86_station17; Indian Ocean//PLATEAU; Indian Ocean//RIDGE; Joides Resolution; KAL; Kasten corer; Knorr73_MOC131; KOL; LATITUDE; Leg15; Leg154; Leg164; Leg180; Leg26; Leg29; Leg40; Leg49; Leg54; Leg73; LONGITUDE; M20/2; M35/1; M35027-1; M53; M53_167; M53_169; M53_172-1; M57; M6; M9; Meteor (1964); Meteor (1986); MOC; MOCNESS opening/closing plankton net; MONITOR MONSUN; Namibia Continental Margin; net tows; Nicaraguan Rise, North Atlantic Ocean; North Atlantic; North Atlantic/BASIN; North Atlantic/FRACTURE ZONE; Northeast Atlantic; North Pacific/MOUND; North Pacific/SEDIMENT POND; Number of specimens; occurrence data; Ocean and sea region; off West Africa; Optional event label; PC; Persistent Identifier; Piston corer; Piston corer (Kiel type); PLA; planktic foraminifera; Plankton net; R/V_Knorr_73_MOC131; RC08; RC08-39; RC 9-80; RC 9-92; Reference/source; Robert Conrad; S. A. Agulhas II; Sample method; Sediment cores; Sediment sample; SES; Site; SL; SO95; Solomon Sea; Sonne; South Atlantic/RIDGE; South Atlantic Ocean; South China Sea; Species; Species, unique identification; Species, unique identification (Semantic URI); Species, unique identification (URI); station 17; Trap; TRAP; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; V16; V 16-202; van Veen Grab; Vema; VGRAB; VOY016; VOY016_W2; VOY016_W3; VOY019; VOY019_M6; VOY019_M9; W2; W3
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1061 data points
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: This study examined the metabolic response of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) to diets with graded fishmeal (FM) replacement with plant, animal, and emerging protein sources (PLANT, PAP, and MIX) in comparison to a commercial-like diet (CTRL). The feeding experiment was carried out from April to July 2019 in the Centre for Aquaculture Research (ZAF) at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine research in Bremerhaven, Germany. The juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were purchased from France Turbot (L'Épine, France) and acclimated to the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for 2 weeks prior to starting the 16 weeks experimental trial. To elucidate the effects of the protein sources and the level of FM replacement on the metabolic response of the fish, a 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to assess the metabolic profiles of muscle and liver tissue after feeding the fish the experimental diets for 16 weeks. Feed, muscle, and liver samples were ground under liquid nitrogen and approx. 200–250 mg tissue was homogenized in 5x volume of ice‐cold 0.6 M perchloric acid (PCA) (w:v). After one cycle of 20 s at 6000 rpm and 3 °C, using Precellys 24 (Bertin Technologies, Montigny‐le‐Bretonneux, France), samples were sonicated for 2 min at 0 °C and 360 W (Branson Sonifier 450, FisherScientific, Schwerte, Germany). Homogenates of the experimental diets, muscle and liver tissues were centrifuged for 2 min at 0 °C and 16,000 g, and supernatants were neutralized with ice cold potassium hydroxide (KOH) and PCA to pH 7.0–7.5. To remove precipitated potassium, perchlorate samples were centrifuged again for 2 min at 0 °C and 16,000 g. The entire supernatant was transferred, shock‐ frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored an −80 °C for later analysis. One‐dimensional 1H‐NMR spectra for feed and tissues extracts were acquired using a vertical 9.4 T wide bore magnet with Avance III HD (Bruker‐GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany) at 400.13 MHz with a 1.7 mm diameter triple tuned (1H‐13C‐15N) probe. Each spectrum was processed and analyzed with Chenomx NMR Suite 8.4 software (Chenomx Inc., Edmonton, Canada). Before analyzing, the spectra were corrected for phase, shim and baseline and calibrated to trymethylsilyl proprionate (TSP) signal (at 0.0 ppm).
    Keywords: Acetate; Adenine; Adenosine diphosphate; Adenosine monophosphate; Adenosine triphosphate; Alanine; Analysis; Analysis date/time, experiment; Anserine; Arginine; Aspartate; betaine; Betaine; by-product; Carnitine; Choline; Creatine; Creatine phosphate; Creatinine; D-Glucose 6-phosphate; Dimethylamine; Dimethyl sulfone; Experiment; Experiment number; Formate; Fumarate; Glutamate; Glutamine; Glycine; Identification; insect meal; Isoleucine; Laboratory experiment; Lactate; Leucine; Location; Malonate; Material; Methionine; Method comment; N,N-Dimethylglycine; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (NMR), Bruker, Avance III HD 400; O-Phosphocholine; Proline; Sample, optional label/labor no; Sample ID; Sampling date/time, experiment; Sarcosine; Species, unique identification; Species, unique identification (Semantic URI); Species, unique identification (URI); Succinate; Tank number; Taurine; Threonine; Time point, descriptive; TMAO; Treatment; Trimethylamine N-oxide; Type of study; Valine
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6200 data points
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: Presence-absence records for four cold-water coral (CWC) taxa (Enallopsammia rostrata, Acanella arbuscula, Metallogorgia spp. and Paramuricea spp.) were gathered to conduct distribution models on seamounts (Cadamosto, Nola, Senghor and Cabo Verde) of the Cabo Verde archipelago (NW Africa), covering a bathymetric range from 2100 to 750 m water depth. Data were extracted from video footage collected with Remotely Operated Vehicles during the M80/3 Meteor (2010) and the iMirabilis2 (2021) research expeditions. Video data from the iMirabilis2 expedition was analysed, quantitively, using the open-source software BIIGLE (Langenkämper et al. 2017). Observations from five continuous 1 to 2 km-long video transects between 2000 and 1400 m depth at Cadamosto Seamount were converted into presence-absence data points. Similar data were not available for the seamounts explored during M80/3 Meteor. However, all the available images and short video clips from that expedition were analysed to identify presence and absence points for each of the four target CWC taxa. All the available presence/absence data from the two expeditions was transformed into one point per grid cell of a 100 m resolution bathymetry grid, with the prevalence of the presence records over the absence records, in grid cells where both categories overlapped.
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean; Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (Media Type); Cabo Verde; Cadamosto Seamount, Cabo Verde; Cape Verde; cold-water coral; Cruise/expedition; DATE/TIME; Deep-sea; distribution modelling; Event label; File content; Genus; Horizontal datum; iAtlantic; iMirabilis2_Leg1; iMirabilis2_Leg1_24; iMirabilis2_Leg1_46; iMirabilis2_Leg1_55; iMirabilis2_Leg1_64; iMirabilis2_Leg1_75; Integrated Assessment of Atlantic Marine Ecosystems in Space and Time; LATITUDE; Latitude, northbound; Latitude, southbound; Location; LONGITUDE; Longitude, eastbound; Longitude, westbound; M80/3; M80/3_10; M80/3_100; M80/3_33; M80/3_35; M80/3_7; M80/3_84; Meteor (1986); Presence/absence; Remote operated vehicle; ROV; ROV Luso; Sarmiento de Gamboa; Species; Taxon/taxa, unique identification (Semantic URI); Taxon/taxa, unique identification (URI); UTM Easting, Universal Transverse Mercator; UTM Northing, Universal Transverse Mercator; UTM Zone, Universal Transverse Mercator; Vertical datum; VIDEO; Video camera
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 10855 data points
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: Data presented here were collected between January 2022 to November 2022 within the research unit DynaCom (Spatial community ecology in highly dynamic landscapes: From island biogeography to metaecosystems) of the Universities of Oldenburg, Göttingen, and Münster, the iDiv Leipzig and the Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer. Experimental islands and saltmarsh enclosed plots were created in the back barrier tidal flat and in the saltmarsh zone of the island of Spiekeroog. Sediment samples for the determination of pore-water salinity were taken bi-/monthly in surface sediments (0-3 cm depth) of the experimental plots. Samples were stored dark and cool (8°C) until measurement. Samples were measured in the laboratory within two months after sampling according to DIN ISO 11265:1997-06. In the laboratory, sediment samples for the determination of pore-water salinity were weighed in pre-weighed Falcon™ 50 mL conical centrifuge tubes (10 g sediment on average, depending on sand content). After one month of air-drying samples were re-weighed to determine dry weight and therefore the loss in weight. Ultrapure water was added to the tubes and were homogenized using a pestle. Salinity was measured directly in the tubes with a HQ40D Digital two channel multi meter and a pre-calibrated Intellical CDC401 field 4-poles graphite conductivity cell (Hach Lange GmbH, Germany). Post-processing of measured values were done using MATLAB (R2018a). Quality control was performed by (a) visually checks, and hence (b) the classification into quality control flags using quality check algorithms
    Keywords: BEFmate; BEFmate_C1low; BEFmate_C1pio; BEFmate_C1upp; BEFmate_C2low; BEFmate_C2pio; BEFmate_C2upp; BEFmate_C3low; BEFmate_C3pio; BEFmate_C3upp; BEFmate_C4low; BEFmate_C4pio; BEFmate_C4upp; BEFmate_C5low; BEFmate_C5pio; BEFmate_C5upp; BEFmate_C6low; BEFmate_C6pio; BEFmate_C6upp; BEFmate_I10low; BEFmate_I10pio; BEFmate_I10upp; BEFmate_I11low; BEFmate_I11pio; BEFmate_I11upp; BEFmate_I12low; BEFmate_I12pio; BEFmate_I12upp; BEFmate_I1low; BEFmate_I1pio; BEFmate_I1upp; BEFmate_I2low; BEFmate_I2pio; BEFmate_I2upp; BEFmate_I3low; BEFmate_I3pio; BEFmate_I3upp; BEFmate_I4low; BEFmate_I4pio; BEFmate_I4upp; BEFmate_I5low; BEFmate_I5pio; BEFmate_I5upp; BEFmate_I6low; BEFmate_I6pio; BEFmate_I6upp; BEFmate_I7low; BEFmate_I7pio; BEFmate_I7upp; BEFmate_I8low; BEFmate_I8pio; BEFmate_I8upp; BEFmate_I9low; BEFmate_I9pio; BEFmate_I9upp; BEFmate_S10low; BEFmate_S10pio; BEFmate_S10upp; BEFmate_S11low; BEFmate_S11pio; BEFmate_S11upp; BEFmate_S12low; BEFmate_S12pio; BEFmate_S12upp; BEFmate_S1low; BEFmate_S1pio; BEFmate_S1upp; BEFmate_S2low; BEFmate_S2pio; BEFmate_S2upp; BEFmate_S3low; BEFmate_S3pio; BEFmate_S3upp; BEFmate_S4low; BEFmate_S4pio; BEFmate_S4upp; BEFmate_S5low; BEFmate_S5pio; BEFmate_S5upp; BEFmate_S6low; BEFmate_S6pio; BEFmate_S6upp; BEFmate_S7low; BEFmate_S7pio; BEFmate_S7upp; BEFmate_S8low; BEFmate_S8pio; BEFmate_S8upp; BEFmate_S9low; BEFmate_S9pio; BEFmate_S9upp; BEFmate_Watt; biodiversity - ecosystem functioning; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, sediment/rock, bottom/maximum; Depth, sediment/rock, top/minimum; DynaCom; ELEVATION; Event label; experimental islands; FOR 2716: Spatial community ecology in highly dynamic landscapes: from island biogeography to metaecosystems; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Metacommunity; MULT; Multiple investigations; off Spiekeroog, German Bight, North Sea; Plot; pore-water salinity; Portable 2-channel multimeter, Hach, HQ40D; Quality flag, salinity; Salinity, porewater; salt marsh; Sample ID; Sampling date; SCO; Spiekeroog; Spiekeroog Coastal Observatory
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 7259 data points
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: The data comprise processed active-source seismic data acquired with ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) data. The data were collected at Venere mud volcano during expedition POS515 with the research vessel POSEIDON (Riedel et al., 2017) in the Mediterranean Sea, Calabrian Arc offshore southern Italy (map under further details). The entire data set consists of 11 OBS stations. Seismic data were shot across the OBS along seven profiles. Each OBS consist of 4 channels (channel 1: hydrophone; channel 2: horizontal component 1; channel 3: horizontal component 2; channel 4: vertical component).
    Keywords: Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (MD5 Hash); Binary Object (Media Type); Calabrian accretionary prism; CALVADOS; Event label; File content; Mediterranean Sea, Eastern Basin; mud volcano; OBS; OBS V01; OBS V02; OBS V03; OBS V04; OBS V05; OBS V06; OBS V07; OBS V08; OBS V09; OBS V11; OBS V12; Ocean bottom seismometer; POS515; POS515_10-1; POS515_12-1; POS515_13-1; POS515_2-1; POS515_3-1; POS515_4-1; POS515_5-1; POS515_6-1; POS515_7-1; POS515_8-1; POS515_9-1; Poseidon
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 616 data points
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: The data comprise continuous records of seismic raw data acquired with ocean bottom seismometers (OBS). The data were collected at Venere mud volcano during expedition POS515 with the research vessel POSEIDON (Riedel et al., 2017) in the Mediterranean Sea, Calabrian Arc offshore southern Italy (map under further details). The entire data set consists of 11 OBS stations. Each OBS consist of 4 channels (channel 1: hydrophone; channel 2: horizontal component 1; channel 3: horizontal component 2; channel 4: vertical component). Data are not corrected for clock-drift. Data format is Passcal-SEGY. Data are accessible using the seismological software tools provided by EarthScope: https://www.passcal.nmt.edu/content/software-resources. The data were recorded using: HTI-04_PCA_ULF hydrophones from High Tech Inc., Short-period 4.5 Hz geophones and three-component seismometers (K/MT-210 manufactured by KUM GmbH). The recording device is an MBS recorder of SEND GmbH.
    Keywords: Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (MD5 Hash); Binary Object (Media Type); Calabrian accretionary prism; CALVADOS; Event label; File content; Mediterranean Sea, Eastern Basin; mud volcano; OBS; OBS V01; OBS V02; OBS V03; OBS V04; OBS V05; OBS V06; OBS V07; OBS V08; OBS V09; OBS V11; OBS V12; ocean bottom seismometer; Ocean bottom seismometer; POS515; POS515_10-1; POS515_12-1; POS515_13-1; POS515_2-1; POS515_3-1; POS515_4-1; POS515_5-1; POS515_6-1; POS515_7-1; POS515_8-1; POS515_9-1; Poseidon
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 88 data points
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: The data set constitutes a total of 84 2D multichannel seismic lines acquired in parallel 2D mode across Venere mud volcano. An additional 7 lines were acquired across a grid of 12 OBS deployed in the region. Data are fully processed and migrated (in time). Main processing steps include: Geometry definition, Common-Mid-(CMP) Point sorting, Normal-Moveout-Corrention (NMO) using an average velocity function (extracted from ocean-bottom-seismometer data), Stacking and FK-Migration (in time). Data processing was completed using the VISTA processing package, provided by Schlumberger to GEOMAR. Data acquisition for this survey started with profile P1001 on June 21, 2017 (at 17:30, CET) at a position of 38°34.42'N, 17°08.66'E. Data acquisition for this survey ended with profile P1102 on July 2, 2017 (at 04:00, CET) at a position of 38°40.39'N, 17°07.97'E.
    Keywords: Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (Media Type); Calabrian accretionary prism; CALVADOS; File content; Mediterranean Sea, Eastern Basin; multichannel reflection seismics; POS515; POS515_14-1; POS515_15-1; POS515_16-1; POS515_17-1; POS515_18-1; POS515_19-1; POS515_20-1; Poseidon; SEIS; Seismic; Seismic reflection profile; SEISREFL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 182 data points
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: The data comprise processed active-source seismic data acquired with ocean bottom seismometers (OBS). The data were collected at Poseidon mud volcano chain during expedition POS515 with the research vessel POSEIDON (Riedel et al., 2017) in the Mediterranean Sea, Calabrian Arc, offshore southern Italy. The entire data set consists of 12 OBS stations. Seismic data were shot across the OBS along 14 2D profiles. Each OBS consist of 4 channels (channel 1: hydrophone; channel 2: horizontal component 1; channel 3: horizontal component 2; channel 4: vertical component).
    Keywords: Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (MD5 Hash); Binary Object (Media Type); Calabrian accretionary prism; CALVADOS; Event label; File content; Mediterranean Sea, Eastern Basin; mud volcano; OBS; OBS P01; OBS P02; OBS P03; OBS P04; OBS P05; OBS P06; OBS P07; OBS P08; OBS P09; OBS P10; OBS P11; OBS P12; Ocean bottom seismometer; POS515; POS515_33-1; POS515_34-1; POS515_35-1; POS515_36-1; POS515_37-1; POS515_38-1; POS515_39-1; POS515_40-1; POS515_41-1; POS515_42-1; POS515_43-1; POS515_44-1; Poseidon
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1216 data points
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: Foraminiferal shells of the species M. velascoensis from sediments spanning ~650 ka across the PETM section of ODP Site 865, Central Pacific, were embedded in epoxy and polished to midsection. Suitable, well-preserved domains for in-situ analysis were identified by scanning electron microscopy. In-situ measurements of the Mg/Ca ratios were performed using a CAMECA SX-51 electron microprobe housed in the Cameron and Wilcox Microbeam Laboratory at the UW-Madison Department of Geoscience. Depending on the number of suitable targets for analysis, between one and seven Mg/Ca measurements were performed for each shell. Fully quantitative microanalyses (mineral standards, background subtracted, and matrix corrected) were performed using Probe for EPMA software (Probe Software, Inc.). The natural carbonate standards Delight Dolomite and Callender Calcite were used for Mg and Ca, respectively. Mg-K alpha X-rays were measured on two spectrometers and aggregated. Carbon was calculated within the matrix correction, being allocated as one atom of carbon to 3 atoms of oxygen, and oxygen by stoichiometry to the cations measured, thus analytical totals of 98 – 100.5 wt. % are a measure of accuracy. Analyses featuring analytical totals below 98 wt. % or above 100.5 wt. % were excluded from the data set.
    Keywords: 143-865C; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Electron microprobe, CAMECA, SX-51; EPMA; Event label; Foraminifera; Hole; Identification; Interval; Joides Resolution; Leg143; Mg/Ca; Morozovella velascoensis, Magnesium/Calcium ratio; North Pacific Ocean; PETM; Sample code/label; Section; Size fraction
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 371 data points
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: Age, 230Th/U Thorium-Uranium; BON-1-AII; CaribClim_Coral_2006; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Hand drill; HDRILL; ICP-OES (Agilent 720 Simultan); precision 1%; Internal coral chronology; MARUM; Mass spectrometer Finnigan MAT 251; Montastraea annularis species complex, Strontium/Calcium ratio; Montastraea annularis species complex, δ18O; Southern Caribbean Sea, Bonaire
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 723 data points
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: Age, 230Th/U Thorium-Uranium; BON-1-BI; CaribClim_Coral_2006; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Hand drill; HDRILL; ICP-OES (Agilent 720 Simultan); precision 1%; Internal coral chronology; MARUM; Mass spectrometer Finnigan MAT 251; Montastraea annularis species complex, Strontium/Calcium ratio; Montastraea annularis species complex, δ18O; Southern Caribbean Sea, Bonaire
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1145 data points
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: Age, 230Th/U Thorium-Uranium; BON-3-B; CaribClim_Coral_2006; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Hand drill; HDRILL; ICP-OES (Agilent 720 Simultan); precision 1%; Internal coral chronology; MARUM; Mass spectrometer Finnigan MAT 251; Montastraea annularis species complex, Strontium/Calcium ratio; Montastraea annularis species complex, δ18O; Southern Caribbean Sea, Bonaire
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 613 data points
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: Age, 230Th/U Thorium-Uranium; BON-3-DII; CaribClim_Coral_2006; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Hand drill; HDRILL; ICP-OES (Agilent 720 Simultan); precision 1%; Internal coral chronology; MARUM; Mass spectrometer Finnigan MAT 251; Montastraea annularis species complex, Strontium/Calcium ratio; Montastraea annularis species complex, δ18O; Southern Caribbean Sea, Bonaire
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 894 data points
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: Age, 230Th/U Thorium-Uranium; BON-9-E; CaribClim_Coral_2006; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Hand drill; HDRILL; ICP-OES (Agilent 720 Simultan); precision 1%; Internal coral chronology; MARUM; Mass spectrometer Finnigan MAT 251; Montastraea annularis species complex, Strontium/Calcium ratio; Montastraea annularis species complex, δ18O; Southern Caribbean Sea, Bonaire
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 724 data points
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: Age, 230Th/U Thorium-Uranium; BON-3-F-C; CaribClim_Coral_2006; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Hand drill; HDRILL; ICP-OES (Agilent 720 Simultan); precision 1%; Internal coral chronology; MARUM; Mass spectrometer Finnigan MAT 251; Montastraea annularis species complex, Strontium/Calcium ratio; Montastraea annularis species complex, δ18O; Southern Caribbean Sea, Bonaire
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 409 data points
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: Age, 230Th/U Thorium-Uranium; BON-3-F-B; CaribClim_Coral_2006; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Hand drill; HDRILL; ICP-OES (Agilent 720 Simultan); precision 1%; Internal coral chronology; MARUM; Mass spectrometer Finnigan MAT 251; Montastraea annularis species complex, Strontium/Calcium ratio; Montastraea annularis species complex, δ18O; Southern Caribbean Sea, Bonaire
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 502 data points
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: Age, dated; Age, error; Aqaba96_00; AQB-1A; AQB-1H; AQB-1K; AQB-3A; AQB-7G; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Event label; MARUM; Northern Gulf of Aqaba (Aqaba/Jordan, Red Sea); Sampling/drilling corals
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 57 data points
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: ANU* corrected GRACE satellite data, CSR-RL04; Area; Area/locality; Event label; Greenland; Greenland_A; Greenland_B; Greenland_C; Greenland_D; Greenland_E; Greenland_F; Greenland_G; Greenland_Ice; ICE-5G* corrected GRACE satellite data, CSR-RL04; ICESat satellite data, ICE-5G corrected; Mass balance; SAT; Satellite remote sensing; Standard deviation; Surface mass balance and ice discharge SMB-D; Time coverage
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 88 data points
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: Acceleration; Area; Area/locality; Event label; Greenland; Greenland_A; Greenland_B; Greenland_C; Greenland_D; Greenland_E; Greenland_F; Greenland_G; Greenland_Ice; ICE-5G* corrected GRACE satellite data, CSR-RL04; Mass balance; SAT; Satellite remote sensing; Standard deviation; Surface mass balance and ice discharge SMB-D; Time coverage
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 104 data points
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet, 68.9 kBytes
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: B_mikado_GROWTHEXP; Biomass as carbon per individual; Growth rate as carbon per carbon biomass; Growth rate as carbon per individual; Taxon/taxa; Treatment: temperature; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Water sample; WS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 96 data points
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: Aqaba96_00; AQB-1A; AQB-1H; AQB-1K; AQB-3A; AQB-7G; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Event label; MARUM; Northern Gulf of Aqaba (Aqaba/Jordan, Red Sea); Protactinium-231/Thorium-230 activity ratio; Protactinium-231/Thorium-230 activity ratio, standard error; Protactinium-231/Uranium-235 activity ratio; Protactinium-231/Uranium-235 activity ratio, standard error; Radium-226/Thorium-230 activity ratio; Radium-226/Thorium-230 activity ratio, standard error; Radium-226/Uranium-238 activity ratio; Radium-226/Uranium-238 activity ratio, standard error; Sample code/label; Sampling/drilling corals; Thorium-230/Uranium-238 activity ratio; Thorium-230/Uranium-238 activity ratio, standard error; Uranium-234/Uranium-238 activity ratio; Uranium-234/Uranium-238 activity ratio, standard error
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 312 data points
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: Age, dated; Age, error; Aqaba96_00; AQB-1A; AQB-1H; AQB-1K; AQB-3A; AQB-7G; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Event label; MARUM; Northern Gulf of Aqaba (Aqaba/Jordan, Red Sea); Sample code/label; Sampling/drilling corals; Thorium-232; Uranium-238; δ234 Uranium; δ234 Uranium, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 297 data points
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: Age, 230Th/U Thorium-Uranium; Age, dated; Age, dated standard deviation; Comment; Corrected, using the decay constants by Cheng et al. (2000); Cueva Larga, Puerto Rico; DISTANCE; GEOTRACES; Global marine biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes; Laboratory code/label; PR-LA-1; Sample ID; speleothem; Speleothem sample; SPS; Thorium-230/Thorium-232 activity ratio; Thorium-230/Thorium-232 activity ratio, standard deviation; Thorium-230/Uranium-238 activity ratio; Thorium-230/Uranium-238 activity ratio, standard deviation; Thorium-232; Thorium-232, standard deviation; Uranium-234/Uranium-238 activity ratio; Uranium-234/Uranium-238 activity ratio, standard deviation; Uranium-234/Uranium-238 activity ratio (0); Uranium-234/Uranium-238 activity ratio (0), standard deviation; Uranium-238; Uranium-238, standard deviation; Uranium-thorium isotope dilution measurement by MC-ICPMS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1289 data points
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: The occurrence of previously geochemically identified tephra allowed refinement of the age-depth model by comparison with previously established volcanic eruption history (Roeser et al., 2012). Tephra layers were polished on thin sections and the glass shards were geochemically characterized using a JEOL JXA-8230 Electron Probe X-ray Micro Analyzer (EMPA; ISTerre Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes) equipped with 5 wavelength dispersive spectrometers (WDS) and one energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) detector. The measurements used the following conditions: 15 kV voltage, 2 nA beam current, and 5 to 7 µm beam size. For standardization, MPI-DING glasses (StHs6/80-G, GOR132-G) (http://georem.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de; Jochum et al., 2000), natural minerals, and synthetic oxides were used. Two glasses, Atho-G (http://georem.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de; Jochum et al., 2000) and KE-12 (Metrich & Rutherford, 1992), were analyzed together with the samples to verify analytical accuracy and to exclude the loss of alkalis. Analyses of glass shards yielding a total oxide sum less than 96% or suggesting mineral impurities were not included in this study. Analytical data were normalized to 100% total oxide values to enable comparison.
    Keywords: Aluminium oxide; BASILIZNIK-SECRETS; Calculated; Core; Electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), JEOL JXA 8230; EPMA; GLASS; Hammering-push core, UWITEC PILOTE 63; HPUWI63; Iron oxide, FeO; IZN19-09; Iznik; IZNIK_04_2019; Iznik Lake, Turkey; lake; Potassium oxide; Sample comment; Secret Archives of the Basilica of Nicea provided by the Sediments of Iznik Lake; sediment; sediment core data; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; Sum; Turkey; volcanic eruption
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 344 data points
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: Aluminium oxide; Calcium oxide; Chlorine; Expedition 374; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program / International Ocean Discovery Program; International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP); IODP; Iron oxide, FeO; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; Marie Byrd Land; Potassium oxide; Ross Sea; Sample ID; Silicon dioxide; Site U1524; Sodium oxide; Tephra; tephrochronology; Titanium dioxide; Total
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 381 data points
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: AGE; DEPTH, sediment/rock; KIEL-IV-Carbonate Device connected to a Finnigan MAT253 mass spectrometer; Lake Nam Co, Tibetan Plateau; Leucocytherella sinensis, δ13C; Leucocytherella sinensis, δ18O; NC_08/01; Ostracoda; Paleoclimate; Paleolimnology; PC; Piston corer; Rare earth elements; Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes; trace elements ratio
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 228 data points
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: AGE; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Finnigan GasBench-II connected to a DELTAplus XL isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS); GC; Gravity corer; Ostracoda; Paleoclimate; Paleolimnology; Rare earth elements; Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes; TAN12-2; trace elements ratio; δ13C, bulk carbonate; δ18O, bulk carbonate
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 652 data points
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: The occurrence of previously geochemically identified tephra allowed refinement of the age-depth model by comparison with previously established volcanic eruption history (Roeser et al., 2012). Tephra layers were polished on thin sections and the glass shards were geochemically characterized using a JEOL JXA-8230 Electron Probe X-ray Micro Analyzer (EMPA; ISTerre Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes) equipped with 5 wavelength dispersive spectrometers (WDS) and one energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) detector. The measurements used the following conditions: 15 kV voltage, 2 nA beam current, and 5 to 7 µm beam size. For standardization, MPI-DING glasses (StHs6/80-G, GOR132-G) (http://georem.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de; Jochum et al., 2000), natural minerals, and synthetic oxides were used. Two glasses, Atho-G (http://georem.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de; Jochum et al., 2000) and KE-12 (Metrich & Rutherford, 1992), were analyzed together with the samples to verify analytical accuracy and to exclude the loss of alkalis. Analyses of glass shards yielding a total oxide sum less than 96% or suggesting mineral impurities were not included in this study. Analytical data were normalized to 100% total oxide values to enable comparison.
    Keywords: Aluminium oxide; BASILIZNIK-SECRETS; Calculated; Core; Electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), JEOL JXA 8230; EPMA; GLASS; Hammering-push core, UWITEC PILOTE 63; HPUWI63; Iron oxide, FeO; IZN19-15; Iznik; IZNIK_04_2019; Iznik Lake, Turkey; lake; Potassium oxide; Sample comment; Secret Archives of the Basilica of Nicea provided by the Sediments of Iznik Lake; sediment; sediment core data; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; Sum; Turkey; volcanic eruption
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 256 data points
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: AGE; DEPTH, sediment/rock; ICP–MS Thermo Element 2 combined with a 213 nm (UP-213) Nd:YAG laser ablation system from New Wave; Lake Nam Co, Tibetan Plateau; Leucocytherella sinensis, Barium/Calcium ratio; Leucocytherella sinensis, heavy rare-earth elements (Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)/Calcium ratio; Leucocytherella sinensis, Iron/Calcium ratio; Leucocytherella sinensis, light rare-earth elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu)/Calcium ratio; Leucocytherella sinensis, Magnesium/Calcium ratio; Leucocytherella sinensis, Manganese/Calcium ratio; Leucocytherella sinensis, rare-earth elements/Calcium ratio; Leucocytherella sinensis, Strontium/Calcium ratio; Leucocytherella sinensis, Uranium/Calcium ratio; NC_08/01; Ostracoda; Paleoclimate; Paleolimnology; PC; Piston corer; Rare earth elements; Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes; trace elements ratio
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1593 data points
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: AGE; DEPTH, sediment/rock; GC; Gravity corer; ICP–MS Thermo Element 2 combined with a 213 nm (UP-213) Nd:YAG laser ablation system from New Wave; Leucocytherella sinensis, Barium/Calcium ratio; Leucocytherella sinensis, heavy rare-earth elements (Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)/Calcium ratio; Leucocytherella sinensis, Iron/Calcium ratio; Leucocytherella sinensis, light rare-earth elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu)/Calcium ratio; Leucocytherella sinensis, Magnesium/Calcium ratio; Leucocytherella sinensis, Manganese/Calcium ratio; Leucocytherella sinensis, rare-earth elements/Calcium ratio; Leucocytherella sinensis, Strontium/Calcium ratio; Leucocytherella sinensis, Uranium/Calcium ratio; Ostracoda; Paleoclimate; Paleolimnology; Rare earth elements; Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes; TAN12-2; trace elements ratio
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1215 data points
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: In July 2022 within the framework of an Alfred-Wegener-Institute-managed expedition and the Nunataryuk project, sediment core YC22_MR_7 was taken off the coast of Herschel Island, Canada, using a hand corer. Data sets were obtained to investigate carbon feedback from the sediments to the water column and atmosphere, using DIC concentrations and isotopic values. The local sediments are supplied primarily by organic carbon previously stored in adjacent permafrost soils (biomarker and bulk data), which erode and redeposit quickly (age model) on the ocean floor. Porewater was extracted from the cores using rhizomes and quantified as described in Oni et al., (2015). Dissolved inorganic carbon isotope signatures were determined as CO2 for 13C (Torres et al., 2005) and 14C (Mollenhauer et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Ammonium; Ammonium, standard deviation; AWI Arctic Land Expedition; CA-Land_2022_YukonCoast; CA-Land_2022_YukonCoast_MR_7; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Chloride; Chloride, standard deviation; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Fraction modern carbon; Fraction modern carbon, standard deviation; Hand corer; HCOR; Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada; Iron; Iron, standard deviation; Manganese; Manganese, standard deviation; Nitrate; Nitrate, standard deviation; Nitrite; NUNATARYUK; NUNATARYUK, Permafrost thaw and the changing Arctic coast, science for socioeconomic adaptation; pH; Phosphate; Phosphate, standard deviation; Sample ID; Silicate; Silicate, standard deviation; Sulfate; Sulfate, standard deviation; YC22_MR_7; Yukon Coast 2022; δ13C, dissolved inorganic carbon, standard deviation; δ18O, dissolved inorganic carbon
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 269 data points
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: In July 2022 within the framework of an Alfred-Wegener-Institute-managed expedition and the Nunataryuk project, sediment core YC22_MR_8 was taken off the coast of Herschel Island, Canada, using a hand corer. Data sets were obtained to investigate carbon feedback from the sediments to the water column and atmosphere, using DIC concentrations and isotopic values. The local sediments are supplied primarily by organic carbon previously stored in adjacent permafrost soils (biomarker and bulk data), which erode and redeposit quickly (age model) on the ocean floor. Porewater was extracted from the cores using rhizomes and quantified as described in Oni et al., (2015). Dissolved inorganic carbon isotope signatures were determined as CO2 for 13C (Torres et al., 2005) and 14C (Mollenhauer et al., 2021).
    Keywords: AWI Arctic Land Expedition; CA-Land_2022_YukonCoast; CA-Land_2022_YukonCoast_MR_8; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Chloride; Chloride, standard deviation; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Fraction modern carbon; Fraction modern carbon, standard deviation; Hand corer; HCOR; Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada; Iron; Iron, standard deviation; Manganese; Manganese, standard deviation; NUNATARYUK; NUNATARYUK, Permafrost thaw and the changing Arctic coast, science for socioeconomic adaptation; Sample ID; YC22_MR_8; Yukon Coast 2022; δ13C, dissolved inorganic carbon, standard deviation; δ18O, dissolved inorganic carbon
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 161 data points
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: In July 2022 within the framework of an Alfred-Wegener-Institute-managed expedition and the Nunataryuk project, sediment core YC22_MR_7 was taken off the coast of Herschel Island, Canada, using a hand corer. Data sets were obtained to investigate carbon feedback from the sediments to the water column and atmosphere, using DIC concentrations and isotopic values. The local sediments are supplied primarily by organic carbon previously stored in adjacent permafrost soils (biomarker and bulk data), which erode and redeposit quickly (age model) on the ocean floor. Sedimentary age model of core YC22_MR_7 assuming Constant Flux: Constant Sedimentation (CFCS) model (Appleby, 2001), based on data obtained with a HPGe gamma detector.
    Keywords: Actinium-228; Actinium-228, error; Age; Age, error; Americium-241; AWI Arctic Land Expedition; Bismuth-214; Bismuth-214, error; Caesium-137; Caesium-137, error; CA-Land_2022_YukonCoast; CA-Land_2022_YukonCoast_MR_7; Calculated; Constant Flux - Constant Sedimentation (CFCS) dating model; Constant Initial Concentration (CIC) dating model; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Hand corer; HCOR; Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada; High-purity Germanium (HPGe) detector; Lead-210; Lead-210, error; Lead-210, supported; Lead-210, supported, error; Lead-210 excess; Lead-210 excess, error; Lead-214; Lead-214, error; NUNATARYUK; NUNATARYUK, Permafrost thaw and the changing Arctic coast, science for socioeconomic adaptation; YC22_MR_7; Yukon Coast 2022
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 503 data points
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: In July 2022 within the framework of an Alfred-Wegener-Institute-managed expedition and the Nunataryuk project, sediment core YC22_MR_6 was taken off the coast of Herschel Island, Canada, using a hand corer. Data sets were obtained to investigate carbon feedback from the sediments to the water column and atmosphere, using DIC concentrations and isotopic values. The local sediments are supplied primarily by organic carbon previously stored in adjacent permafrost soils (biomarker and bulk data), which erode and redeposit quickly (age model) on the ocean floor. Porewater was extracted from the cores using rhizomes and quantified as described in Oni et al., (2015). Dissolved inorganic carbon isotope signatures were determined as CO2 for 13C (Torres et al., 2005) and 14C (Mollenhauer et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Ammonium; Ammonium, standard deviation; AWI Arctic Land Expedition; CA-Land_2022_YukonCoast; CA-Land_2022_YukonCoast_MR_6; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Chloride; Chloride, standard deviation; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Hand corer; HCOR; Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada; Iron; Iron, standard deviation; Manganese; Manganese, standard deviation; Nitrate; Nitrate, standard deviation; Nitrite; NUNATARYUK; NUNATARYUK, Permafrost thaw and the changing Arctic coast, science for socioeconomic adaptation; pH; Phosphate; Phosphate, standard deviation; Sample ID; Silicate; Silicate, standard deviation; Sulfate; Sulfate, standard deviation; YC22_MR_6; Yukon Coast 2022
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 179 data points
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: This dataset provides the data for the four glass standards used for monitoring of the precision and accuracy of electron probe microanalyses (EPMA) during analytical runs of cryptotephra glass-shards in the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) sediment core 5017-1 (see first dataset). For each EPMA run, all four glass standards were measured. The major-element composition of the glass standards was measured using a JEOL JXA-8230 electron microprobe at GFZ Potsdam, Germany (15 kV, 5-10 nA, 5-10 µm beam size). Instrumental calibration used natural mineral standards. Glass standards were Lipari obsidian (Hunt & Hill 1996, doi:10.1016/1040-6182(95)00088-7; Kuehn et al. 2011, doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.08.022) and MPI-Ding glasses ATHO-G, StHs-6-80-G and GOR-132-G (Jochum et al. 2006, doi:10.1029/2005GC001060).
    Keywords: Aluminium oxide; Beam current; Beam size; Calcium oxide; Chlorine; Cryptotephra; Date; Dead Sea; Dead Sea Basin, Israel; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDDP_5017-1; Eastern Mediterranean; Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA); Fluorine; Iron oxide, FeO; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; palaeoclimate; Phosphorus pentoxide; Potassium oxide; Sample ID; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; Sum; tephrochronology; Titanium dioxide
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 216 data points
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: This dataset presents user-defined tiepoints of the manual alignment of the benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record at IODP Site U1541 to the benthic foraminiferal LR04 δ¹⁸O stack of Lisiecki and Raymo (2005) obtained by Middleton et al. (2024). The benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record for IODP Site U1541 is based on stable isotope analyses of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and Cibicides kullenbergi, and was published in Middleton et al. (2024).
    Keywords: 383-U1541; AGE; COMPCORE; Composite Core; DEPTH, sediment/rock; EXP383; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program / International Ocean Discovery Program; IODP; Joides Resolution
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 0 data points
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: This dataset presents tie points between sediment core PS75/059-2 and IODP Site U1541 based on an alignment of high-resolution X-ray fluorescence (XRF) Fe intensity variations in both cores, obtained by Middleton et al. (2024). The splicing of the two cores provides the basis for a combination of the benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O records for PS75/059-2 (Ullermann et al., 2016) and IODP Site U1541 (Middleton et al., 2024).
    Keywords: 383-U1541; ANT-XXVI/2; COMPCORE; Composite Core; DEPTH, sediment/rock; EXP383; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program / International Ocean Discovery Program; IODP; Joides Resolution; KL; Piston corer (BGR type); Polarstern; PS75/059-2; PS75 BIPOMAC; South Pacific Ocean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 0 data points
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: The data are a processed and interpolated P-Cable 3D seismic data cube. The data were collected during expedition POS515 with the research vessel POSEIDON (Riedel et al., 2017) in the Mediterranean Sea, Calabrian Arc offshore southern Italy (map under further details). Seismic source was a Generator-Injector airgun fired in harmonic GI mode with generator and injector volume of 105 cubic inches. The source was towed at a nominal depth of 2 m beneath the sea surface. We deployed a P-Cable system made from 12 parallel streamers (each 12. 5 m in length). Details on the towed geometry are given in Figure 30 of the cruise report (Riedel et al., 2017). The P-Cable data were acquired over the course of 6 days during POS515 starting from 13:45 on July 5, 2017 until 12:06 on July11, 2017 (all CET). Processing included: 3D geometry application, trace editing, static time corrections, band-pass filtering, sorting to common midpoint gathers, normal moveout correction (1520 m/s velocity ), and stacking. The stacked 3D cube was then interpolated to fill any empty bins. Afterwards, Stolt time migration (1550 m/s) was performed, first inline, then crossline direction. The dataset has a horizontal resolution of 3.125 m (bin size) and a dominant frequency of ~100 Hz.
    Keywords: 3D seismic P-Cable data; Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (MD5 Hash); Binary Object (Media Type); CALVADOS; File content; P-Cable; P-Cable 3D Seismic; P-Cable 3D seismic cube; POS515; POS515_59-2; Poseidon; Sartori mud volcano
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2 data points
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: The data set contains 13 2D multichannel seismic lines acquired across Poseidon mud volcano chain, Caalbrian Arc, offshore southern Italy. Data were processed onboard during expedition POS515 with R/V POSEIDON. These lines were also recorded on 12 OBS. Details see cruise report (Riedel et al., 2017). Main processing steps include: Geometry definition, Common-Mid-(CMP) Point sorting (1.5625 m bin-space), Normal-Moveout-Corrention (NMO) using a constant velocity of 1500 m/s and Stacking Stolt-Migration (in time) with constant velocity of 1500 m/s. Data processing was completed onboard using the SU processing package. Seismic Surveying at Poseidon mudvlcano started with line P4001 on July 3, 2017 (08:22 am, CET) at 17°40.12'E, 38°21.58N. The last line acquired in this sequence is line P6010. Surveying ended on July 5, 2017 at 04:00 am (CET) at 17°43.12'E, 38°18.96'N.
    Keywords: Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (MD5 Hash); Binary Object (Media Type); Calabrian accretionary prism; CALVADOS; File content; Mediterranean Sea, Eastern Basin; multichannel reflection seismics; POS515; POS515_45-1; POS515_46-1; Poseidon; SEIS; Seismic; Seismic reflection profile; SEISREFL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 26 data points
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: Data presented here were collected between January 2022 to November 2022 within the research unit DynaCom (Spatial community ecology in highly dynamic landscapes: From island biogeography to metaecosystems) of the Universities of Oldenburg, Göttingen, and Münster, the iDiv Leipzig and the Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer. Experimental islands and saltmarsh enclosed plots were created in the back barrier tidal flat and in the saltmarsh zone of the island of Spiekeroog. Sediment samples for the determination of pH, water content and loss on ignition were taken bi-/monthly in surface sediments (0-3 cm depth) from the experimental plots. Samples were stored dark and cool (8°C) until measurement. Samples were measured in the laboratory within two months after sampling. Water content (w, [-]) was determined by first weighing the fresh sample (mf; ~ 3-7 g) in pre-weighed aluminium trays and than placed in the drying chamber at 105 °C for 12 hours. After placing samples in the exsiccator for 60 min., samples were re-weight to determine dry weight (md). Water content was calculated using w = (mf - md) / md . Afterwards, samples were placed in the muffle furnace for 2 hours at 430 °C within their aluminium trays, and placed again in the exsiccator for 60 min. Samples were re-weighed to determine the new dry weight (mgl) to calculate loss on ignition (LOI, [%]) using LOI = ((md – mgl) / md ) * 100 . Values of pH were measured according to DIN ISO 10390. Therefore, soil samples were weighed in pre-weighed Falcon™ 50 mL conical centrifuge tubes. Sediment samples were homogenized using a pestle. Ultrapure water was used to measure pH directly within the tubes using a HQ40D digital two channel multi meter and an Intellical PHC101 field low maintenance gel filled pH electrode (Hach Lange GmbH, Germany). The pH electrode was calibrated before measurement using singlet pH buffer sets (pH 4.01, 7.00, 10.01) for single use (Hach Lange GmbH, Germany). Post-processing of measured values were done using MATLAB (R2018a). Quality control was performed by (a) visually checks, and hence (b) the classification into quality control flags using quality check algorithms.
    Keywords: BEFmate; BEFmate_C1low; BEFmate_C1pio; BEFmate_C1upp; BEFmate_C2low; BEFmate_C2pio; BEFmate_C2upp; BEFmate_C3low; BEFmate_C3pio; BEFmate_C3upp; BEFmate_C4low; BEFmate_C4pio; BEFmate_C4upp; BEFmate_C5low; BEFmate_C5pio; BEFmate_C5upp; BEFmate_C6low; BEFmate_C6pio; BEFmate_C6upp; BEFmate_I10low; BEFmate_I10pio; BEFmate_I10upp; BEFmate_I11low; BEFmate_I11pio; BEFmate_I11upp; BEFmate_I12low; BEFmate_I12pio; BEFmate_I12upp; BEFmate_I1low; BEFmate_I1pio; BEFmate_I1upp; BEFmate_I2low; BEFmate_I2pio; BEFmate_I2upp; BEFmate_I3low; BEFmate_I3pio; BEFmate_I3upp; BEFmate_I4low; BEFmate_I4pio; BEFmate_I4upp; BEFmate_I5low; BEFmate_I5pio; BEFmate_I5upp; BEFmate_I6low; BEFmate_I6pio; BEFmate_I6upp; BEFmate_I7low; BEFmate_I7pio; BEFmate_I7upp; BEFmate_I8low; BEFmate_I8pio; BEFmate_I8upp; BEFmate_I9low; BEFmate_I9pio; BEFmate_I9upp; BEFmate_S10low; BEFmate_S10pio; BEFmate_S10upp; BEFmate_S11low; BEFmate_S11pio; BEFmate_S11upp; BEFmate_S12low; BEFmate_S12pio; BEFmate_S12upp; BEFmate_S1low; BEFmate_S1pio; BEFmate_S1upp; BEFmate_S2low; BEFmate_S2pio; BEFmate_S2upp; BEFmate_S3low; BEFmate_S3pio; BEFmate_S3upp; BEFmate_S4low; BEFmate_S4pio; BEFmate_S4upp; BEFmate_S5low; BEFmate_S5pio; BEFmate_S5upp; BEFmate_S6low; BEFmate_S6pio; BEFmate_S6upp; BEFmate_S7low; BEFmate_S7pio; BEFmate_S7upp; BEFmate_S8low; BEFmate_S8pio; BEFmate_S8upp; BEFmate_S9low; BEFmate_S9pio; BEFmate_S9upp; BEFmate_Watt; biodiversity - ecosystem functioning; Calculated; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, sediment/rock, bottom/maximum; Depth, sediment/rock, top/minimum; DynaCom; ELEVATION; Event label; experimental islands; FOR 2716: Spatial community ecology in highly dynamic landscapes: from island biogeography to metaecosystems; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; loss on ignition; Loss on ignition; Metacommunity; MULT; Multiple investigations; off Spiekeroog, German Bight, North Sea; pH; Plot; Portable 2-channel multimeter, Hach, HQ40D; Quality flag, loss on ignition; Quality flag, pH; Quality flag, water content; salt marsh; Sample ID; Sampling date; SCO; Spiekeroog; Spiekeroog Coastal Observatory; water content; Water content, relative
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 11310 data points
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: The data comprise continuous records of seismic raw data acquired with ocean bottom seismometers (OBS). The data were collected at Poseidon mud volcano chain during expedition POS515 with the research vessel POSEIDON (Riedel et al., 2017) in the Mediterranean Sea, Calabrian Arc offshore southern Italy (map under further details). The entire data set consists of 12 OBS stations. Each OBS consist of 4 channels (channel 1: hydrophone; channel 2: horizontal component 1; channel 3: horizontal component 2; channel 4: vertical component). Data are not corrected for clock-drift. Data format is Passcal-SEGY. Data are accessible using the seismological software tools provided by EarthScope: https://www.passcal.nmt.edu/content/software-resources. The data were recorded using: HTI-04_PCA_ULF hydrophones from High Tech Inc., Short-period 4.5 Hz geophones and Three-component seismometers (K/MT-210 manufactured by KUM GmbH). The recording device is an MBS recorder of SEND GmbH
    Keywords: Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (MD5 Hash); Binary Object (Media Type); Calabrian accretionary prism; CALVADOS; Event label; File content; Mediterranean Sea, Eastern Basin; mud volcano; OBS; OBS P01; OBS P02; OBS P03; OBS P04; OBS P05; OBS P06; OBS P07; OBS P08; OBS P09; OBS P10; OBS P11; OBS P12; Ocean bottom seismometer; POS515; POS515_33-1; POS515_34-1; POS515_35-1; POS515_36-1; POS515_37-1; POS515_38-1; POS515_39-1; POS515_40-1; POS515_41-1; POS515_42-1; POS515_43-1; POS515_44-1; Poseidon
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 96 data points
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: Area/locality; DEPTH, sediment/rock; LATITUDE; Latitude 2; Lead-206/Lead-204 ratio; Lead-207/Lead-204 ratio; Lead-208/Lead-204 ratio; LONGITUDE; Longitude 2; Reference/source; Sample code/label
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 9802 data points
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: AGE; Aluminium/Calcium ratio; Barium/Calcium ratio; Cueva Larga, Puerto Rico; DISTANCE; Isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) with a GasBench; LA-ICP-MS, Laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer; Magnesium/Calcium ratio; Phosphorus/Calcium ratio; PR-LA-1; Sample ID; speleothem; Speleothem sample; SPS; Stable isotopes; Strontium/Calcium ratio; Thorium/Calcium ratio; trace elements; Uranium/Calcium ratio; δ13C, carbonate; δ18O, carbonate
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 20317 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: In July 2022 within the framework of an Alfred-Wegener-Institute-managed expedition and the Nunataryuk project, sediment core YC22_MR_7 was taken off the coast of Herschel Island, Canada, using a hand corer. Data sets were obtained to investigate carbon feedback from the sediments to the water column and atmosphere, using DIC concentrations and isotopic values. The local sediments are supplied primarily by organic carbon previously stored in adjacent permafrost soils (biomarker and bulk data), which erode and redeposit quickly (age model) on the ocean floor. The acquired data includes: 1) Sediment data: Bulk total organic carbon content (Lamping et al., 2021) and its isotopic values for 13C (Brodie et al., 2011; Werner & Brand, 2001) and 14C (Mollenhauer et al., 2021). 2) Biomarker data: Quantifying alkanes (CPI) , and fatty acids (TAR ratio) as described by Wei et al. (2020), Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs basis for BIT-Index) after Hopmans et al. (2016), Hopanes (fßß) following instructions by Meyer et al., (2019), and Sterols (Dinosterol) after Dauner et al. (2022).
    Keywords: 4alpha,23,24-Trimethyl-5alpha-cholest-22E-en-3beta-ol; 4alpha,23,24-Trimethyl-5alpha-cholest-22E-en-3beta-ol, standard deviation; AWI Arctic Land Expedition; Branched and isoprenoid tetraether index; Branched and isoprenoid tetraether index, standard deviation; C31 beta beta R homohopane relative to diagenetic isomers, fractional abundance; C31 beta beta R homohopane relative to diagenetic isomers, fractional abundance, standard deviation; CA-Land_2022_YukonCoast; CA-Land_2022_YukonCoast_MR_7; Carbon, organic, total; Carbon, organic, total, standard deviation; Carbon Preference Index; Carbon Preference Index, standard deviation; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Fraction modern carbon; Fraction modern carbon, standard deviation; Hand corer; HCOR; Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada; NUNATARYUK; NUNATARYUK, Permafrost thaw and the changing Arctic coast, science for socioeconomic adaptation; Sample ID; Terrigenous/aquatic ratio; Terrigenous/aquatic ratio, standard deviation; YC22_MR_7; Yukon Coast 2022; δ13C, total organic carbon; δ13C, total organic carbon, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 350 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: Area/locality; Atlantic dust transport; Cerium; Dysprosium; Erbium; Europium; Europium anomaly; Event label; From literature; Gadolinium; Holmium; isotope fingerprinting; Lanthanum; Latitude of event; Lead-206/Lead-204 ratio; Lead-206/Lead-204 ratio, standard error; Lead-207/Lead-204 ratio; Lead-207/Lead-204 ratio, standard error; Lead-208/Lead-204 ratio; Lead-208/Lead-204 ratio, standard error; Location; Longitude of event; Lutetium; mineral dust provenance; Neodymium; North African soils; Praseodymium; PSA_BD_34BOT25; PSA_BD_BEG1; PSA_BD_BEG2; PSA_BD_BEG3; PSA_BD_Bod_43.5; PSA_BD_Bod_44; PSA_BD_Bod_44B; PSA_BD_Bod_44C; PSA_BD_Bod_44D; PSA_BD_Bod_51; PSA_BD_Bod_54A; PSA_BD_BOD1; PSA_BD_Bod54B; PSA_BD_BODI; PSA_BD_BODU; PSA_BD_CH17; PSA_BD_CH34; PSA_BD_CH38; PSA_BD_CH39; PSA_BD_CH50; PSA_BD_CH56; PSA_BD_CH62; PSA_BD_CH75; PSA_BD_EN1; PSA_BD_EN12; PSA_BD_EN13; PSA_BD_EN14; PSA_BD_EN15; PSA_BD_EN2; PSA_BD_EN3; PSA_BD_EN4; PSA_BD_EN5; PSA_BD_EN6; PSA_BD_EN7; PSA_BD_EN8; PSA_BD_EN9; PSA_BD_Faya_Largeau_bulk; PSA_BD_Faya_Largeau_residue; PSA_BD_Harmattan_bulk; PSA_BD_Harmattan_residue; PSA_BD_M_bulk; PSA_BD_M_residue; PSA_BD_NPS_bulk; PSA_BD_NPS_residue; PSA_BD_R_bulk; PSA_BD_RIVER1; PSA_BD_RIVER2; PSA_LAM_Lybia; PSA_LAM_N05; PSA_LAM_N19; PSA_LAM_N26; PSA_LAM_N35; PSA_LAM_N36; PSA_LAM_Tunisia; PSA_LE_Assouan_bank; PSA_LE_Assouan_island; PSA_LE_EGP11A; PSA_LE_EGP12A; PSA_LE_EGP13A; PSA_LE_EGP14A; PSA_LE_EGP15A; PSA_LE_EGP16A; PSA_LE_EGP18A; PSA_LE_EGP20A; PSA_LE_EGP21A; PSA_LE_EGP27A; PSA_LE_EGP28A; PSA_LE_EGP29A; PSA_LE_EGP2A; PSA_LE_Egypt#1; PSA_LE_Egypt#2; PSA_LE_LIB1; PSA_LE_SD1; PSA_LE_SD10; PSA_LE_SD2; PSA_LE_SD3; PSA_LE_SD4; PSA_LE_SD6; PSA_LE_SD7; PSA_LE_SD8; PSA_LE_SD9; PSA_Ma_Atar; PSA_Ma_Elm; PSA_Ma_Erg; PSA_Ma_Est; PSA_Ma_Foum; PSA_Ma_Kay; PSA_Ma_Kif; PSA_Ma_Mauritania; PSA_Ma_Nou; PSA_Ma_Smara; PSA_Ma_Tamba; PSA_Ma_Tich; PSA_Ma_Wouerat; PSA_MC_AGF; PSA_MC_SAHEL10A; PSA_MC_SAHEL11A; PSA_MC_SAHEL12A; PSA_MC_SAHEL13A; PSA_MC_SAHEL14A; PSA_MC_SAHEL15A; PSA_MC_SAHEL17A; PSA_MC_SAHEL19A; PSA_MC_SAHEL1A; PSA_MC_SAHEL1A_1; PSA_MC_SAHEL1A_2; PSA_MC_SAHEL2A; PSA_MC_SAHEL3A; PSA_MC_SAHEL4A; PSA_MC_SAHEL6A; PSA_MC_SAHEL7A; PSA_MC_SAHEL8A; PSA_MC_SAHEL9A; PSA_Non_rep_LOME10A; PSA_Non_rep_LOME14A; PSA_Non_rep_LOME18A; PSA_Non_rep_LOME1A; PSA_Non_rep_LOME24A; PSA_Non_rep_LOME2A; PSA_Non_rep_LOME4A; PSA_Non_rep_LOME5A; PSA_Non_rep_LOME8A; PSA_WAC_Akjoujt; PSA_WAC_Elra; PSA_WAC_EM; PSA_WAC_Foun; PSA_WAC_IR; PSA_WAC_JB; PSA_WAC_Jraif; PSA_WAC_Lab; PSA_WAC_Mali_Kati; PSA_WAC_MHAMID18; PSA_WAC_MHAMID19; PSA_WAC_MORO10A; PSA_WAC_MORO14A; PSA_WAC_MORO15A; PSA_WAC_MORO16A; PSA_WAC_MORO18A; PSA_WAC_MORO1A; PSA_WAC_MORO20A; PSA_WAC_MORO21A; PSA_WAC_MORO22A; PSA_WAC_MORO23A; PSA_WAC_MORO25B; PSA_WAC_MORO26A; PSA_WAC_MORO27A; PSA_WAC_MORO28A; PSA_WAC_MORO29; PSA_WAC_MORO3A; PSA_WAC_MORO5A; PSA_WAC_MORO6A; PSA_WAC_MORO7A; PSA_WAC_MORO8A; PSA_WAC_Ouj; PSA_WAC_PNBA; PSA_WAC_Ro; PSA_WAC_Sen_Riv; PSA_WAC_Til; PSA_WAC_TL; PSA_WAC_ZAG1; PSA_WAC_ZAG2; rare-earth element pattern; Reference/source; Sahara-Sahel region; Samarium; Sample ID; Sample type; SOILS; Soil sample; Sr-Nd-Pb radiogenic isotopes; Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio; Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio, standard error; Terbium; Thulium; Ytterbium; ε-Neodymium; ε-Neodymium, standard error
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1813 data points
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: This dataset presents user-defined tiepoints of the manual alignment of the benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record at ODP Site 980 and 981 to the benthic foraminiferal LR04 δ¹⁸O stack of Lisiecki and Raymo (2005) obtained by Middleton et al. (2024). The benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record at ODP 980 is based on Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and Cibicides kullenbergi, and was previously published (McManus et al., 1999; Flower et al., 2000; Oppo et al., 1998). The ODP Site 981 data were measured on benthic foraminifera of the genus Cibicidoides (Raymo et al., 2004). The benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O records of ODP Site 980 and 981 were spliced together at ~860 ka (Raymo et al., 2004).
    Keywords: 162-980; 162-981; AGE; COMPCORE; Composite Core; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Event label; Joides Resolution; Leg162; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; South Atlantic Ocean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 0 data points
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: This dataset presents user-defined tiepoints of the manual alignment of the benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record at ODP Site 1090 to the benthic foraminiferal LR04 δ¹⁸O stack of Lisiecki and Raymo (2005) obtained by Middleton et al. (2024). The benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record is based on Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and was previously published in Hodell et al. (2000) and Venz and Hodell (2002).
    Keywords: 177-1090; AGE; COMPCORE; Composite Core; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Joides Resolution; Leg177; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; South Atlantic Ocean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 0 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: This dataset presents benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O chronostratigraphies and associated uncertainties for International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1541, based on different tuning targets including LR04 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005), LR09 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2009), CENOGRID (Westerhold et al., 2020) and Probstack (Ahn et al., 2017) and based on manual versus automated tuning techniques (Middleton et al., 2024). The benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record for IODP Site U1541 (54°13'S, 125°25'W) recently recovered from the central South Pacific on IODP Expedition 383 (Winckler et al., 2021) is presented for the first time in Middleton et al. (2024). It is based on stable isotope analyses of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and Cibicides kullenbergi (Middleton et al., 2024), and was combined with the benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record of PS75/059-2 (Ullermann et al., 2016). Automated tuning is based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-Match-based alignments (Middleton et al., 2024) generated using the automated probabilistic HMM-Match algorithm of Lin et al. (2014). The manual tuning was generated by visual alignment of characteristic peaks and troughs of the benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record of IODP Site U1541 to the benthic foraminiferal LR04 stack using the publicly available QAnalySeries software (Kotov and Pälike, 2018). The dataset provides the basis for investigating and discussing the uncertainties of benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O stratigraphies for conventional manual and automated tuning techniques and evaluate their impact on sedimentary age models over the past 3.5 Myr (Middleton et al., 2024).
    Keywords: 383-U1541; 383-U1541A; 383-U1541B; 383-U1541C; Age, dated; Age model; ANT-XXVI/2; Cibicidoides spp., δ18O; COMPCORE; Composite Core; Core; Data source; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Event label; EXP383; Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-Match-based alignment to CENOGRID; Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-Match-based alignment to LR04; Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-Match-based alignment to LR09 Pacific; Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-Match-based alignment to Prob-stack; Hole; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program / International Ocean Discovery Program; IODP; Joides Resolution; KL; Leg Number; Manual Alignment to LR04; Piston corer (BGR type); Polarstern; PS75/059-2; PS75 BIPOMAC; Sample code/label; Section; Section position; Site; South Pacific Ocean; Type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 33741 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: This dataset presents benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O chronostratigraphies and associated uncertainties for Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1090, based on different tuning targets including LR04 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005), LR09 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2009), CENOGRID (Westerhold et al., 2020) and Probstack (Ahn et al., 2017) and based on manual versus automated tuning techniques (Middleton et al., 2024). The benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record at ODP Site 1090 is based on Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and was previously published in Hodell et al. (2000) and Venz and Hodell (2002). Automated tuning is based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-Match-based alignments (Middleton et al., 2024) generated using the automated probabilistic HMM-Match algorithm of Lin et al. (2014). The manual alignments of ODP Site 1090 were obtained by realigning the original age model tie points (Venz and Hodell, 2002) to the benthic foraminiferal LR04 δ¹⁸O stack using the QAnalySeries software (Kotov and Pälike, 2018). The dataset provides the basis for investigating and discussing the uncertainties of benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O stratigraphies for conventional manual and automated tuning techniques and evaluate their impact on sedimentary age models over the past 2.9 Myr (Middleton et al., 2024).
    Keywords: 177-1090; 177-1090B; 177-1090D; 177-1090E; Age, dated; Age model; Cibicidoides spp., δ18O; COMPCORE; Composite Core; Core; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Event label; Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-Match-based alignment B to Probstack; Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-Match-based alignment to CENOGRID; Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-Match-based alignment to LR04; Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-Match-based alignment to LR09 Atlantic; Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-Match-based alignment to Prob-stack; Joides Resolution; Leg177; Leg Number; Manual Alignment to LR04; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; PC; Piston corer; Sample code/label; Section; Section position; Site; South Atlantic Ocean; TN057-6-PC4
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 21310 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: This dataset presents benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O chronostratigraphies and associated uncertainties for Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 980 and 981, based on different tuning targets including LR04 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005), LR09 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2009), CENOGRID (Westerhold et al., 2020) and Probstack (Ahn et al., 2017) and based on manual versus automated tuning techniques (Middleton et al., 2024). The benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record at ODP 980 is based on Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and Cibicides kullenbergi, and was previously published (McManus et al., 1999; Flower et al., 2000; Oppo et al., 1998). The ODP Site 981 data were measured on benthic foraminifera of the genus Cibicidoides (Raymo et al., 2004). The benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O records of ODP Site 980 and 981 were spliced together at ~860 ka (Raymo et al., 2004). Automated tuning is based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-Match-based alignments (Middleton et al., 2024) generated using the automated probabilistic HMM-Match algorithm of Lin et al. (2014). The manual alignments of ODP Site 980/981 were obtained by realigning the original age model tie points (e.g., Raymo et al., 2004) to the benthic foraminiferal LR04 δ¹⁸O stack using the QAnalySeries software (Kotov and Pälike, 2018). The dataset provides the basis for investigating and discussing the uncertainties of benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O stratigraphies for conventional manual and automated tuning techniques and evaluate their impact on sedimentary age models over the past 1.8 Myr (Middleton et al., 2024).
    Keywords: 162-980; 162-981; Age, dated; Age model; Cibicidoides spp., δ18O; COMPCORE; Composite Core; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Event label; Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-Match-based alignment to CENOGRID; Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-Match-based alignment to LR04; Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-Match-based alignment to LR09 Atlantic; Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-Match-based alignment to Prob-stack; Joides Resolution; Leg162; Manual Alignment to LR04; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; South Atlantic Ocean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 22351 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: In July 2022 within the framework of an Alfred-Wegener-Institute-managed expedition and the Nunataryuk project, sediment core YC22_MR_7 was taken off the coast of Herschel Island, Canada, using a hand corer. Data sets were obtained to investigate carbon feedback from the sediments to the water column and atmosphere, using DIC concentrations and isotopic values. The local sediments are supplied primarily by organic carbon previously stored in adjacent permafrost soils (biomarker and bulk data), which erode and redeposit quickly (age model) on the ocean floor. The precursor lipids of the polar fractions used for isotope analysis were quantified following the method described in Wörmer et al. (2013). Quantified lipid classes include: betaine lipids (BL), phosphatidyl-(N)-monomethylethanolamine (PME), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) and lyso-DPG.
    Keywords: AWI Arctic Land Expedition; Betaine lipids per unit sediment mass; CA-Land_2022_YukonCoast; CA-Land_2022_YukonCoast_MR_7; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, sediment/rock, standard deviation; Diphosphatidylglycerol per unit sediment mass; Hand corer; HCOR; Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada; Lyso-Diphosphatidylglycerol per unit sediment mass; NUNATARYUK; NUNATARYUK, Permafrost thaw and the changing Arctic coast, science for socioeconomic adaptation; Phosphatidylcholine per unit sediment mass; Phosphatidylethanolamine per unit sediment mass; Phosphatidylglycerol per unit sediment mass; Phosphatidylmethylethanolamine per unit sediment mass; YC22_MR_7; Yukon Coast 2022
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 32 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: Foraminiferal assemblage data was collected from the top 0-1 cm sediment layer of 30 surface samples from the Mauritanian slope and shelf. The material was sampled with a box corer (50x50x55cm), grabs and gravity corer (6m lenght) during the expedition MSM16/3 of RV Maria S. Merian in October-November 2010. The samples range from water depths of 13 m on the shelf to 1310 m on the middle bathyal slope. They are from the inner and outer shelf, upper bathyal slope, canyons, coral mounds, the cold-water coral reef chains at 400–600 m water depth and the middle bathyal slope. The samples were washed over a 250 µm sieve and dried. Per sample 200 benthic foraminiferal specimens were counted on species level. 154 were documented with illustrations and descriptions. The purpose of the study was to investigate the foraminiferal faunas of the Mauritanian shelf and upper slope and their association with cold water coral habitats.
    Keywords: 1015-1; 1016-1; 1020-1; 1021-1; 1022-1; 1024-1; 1026-1; 1028-1; 1033-1; 1035-1; 1045-1; 1056-1; 1061-1; 1062-1; 1064-1; 1069-1; 1070-1; 1071-1; 1076-2; 1077-1; 869-1; 870-1; 871-1; 872-1; 880-1; 945-2; 949-1; 951-4; 954-1; 965-1; Acervulina inhaerens; Ammobaculites filiformis; Ammodiscus tenuis; Ammolagena clavata; Ammonia neobeccarii; Amphicoryna scalaris; Arguin mud wedge; Baie du Levrier; Banda mounds; Benthos; Bolivina beyrichi; Bolivina earlandi; Bolivina spathulata; Bolivina subaenariensis; Bulimina aculeata; Bulimina marginata; Bulimina striata; Cancris auriculus; Canyon area southern Banc dArguin (ROV2); Canyon S of Timiris mound chain; Cassidulina laevigata; central outer Banc dArguin; Chilostomella oolina; Cibicidoides lobatulus; Cibicidoides mundulus; Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi; Cold water coral habitats; Connemarella rudis; Counting 〉250 µm fraction; Cribromiliolinella subvalvularis; Cribrostomoides subglobosum; Cyclammina cancellata; Deep mound chain; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Discammina compressa; Dorothia pseudoturris; Eggerella sp.; Eggerelloides advena; Eggerelloides scaber; Ehrenbergina serrata; Elevation of event; Elphidium crispum; Elphidium fichtelianum; Elphidium maorium; Eponides repandus; Event label; Fissurina sp.; Foraminifera; Foraminifera, benthic, total; Fursenkoina complanata; GC; GeoB14703-1; GeoB14704-1; GeoB14705-1; GeoB14706-1; GeoB14714-1; GeoB14780-2; GeoB14782-3; GeoB14785-4; GeoB14788-1; GeoB14799-1; GeoB14847-1; GeoB14848-1; GeoB14852-1; GeoB14853-1; GeoB14854-1; GeoB14856-1; GeoB14858-1; GeoB14860-1; GeoB14865-1; GeoB14867-1; GeoB14878-1; GeoB14889-1; GeoB14895-1; GeoB14896-1; GeoB14898-1; GeoB14903-1; GeoB14904-1; GeoB14905-1; GeoB14910-2; GeoB14911-1; Giant box corer; GKG; Globobulimina doliolum; Globobulimina turgida; Globulina gibba; Goesella cylindrica; Grab; GRAB; Gravity corer; Gyroidina orbicularis; Hanzawaia boueana; Heterolepa bradyi; Hoeglundina elegans; Homalohedra borealis; Homalohedra williamsoni; Hormosina globulifera; Hyalinea balthica; Hyrrokkin sarcophaga; Karreriella bradyi; Lachlanella bicornis; Laevidentalina communis; Lagena gibbera; Lagenammina arenulata; Lagenammina testacea; Lagena striata; Latitude of event; Lenticulina iota; Lenticulina rotulata; Lenticulina sp.; Lenticulina submamilligera; Longitude of event; Marginulina glabra; Maria S. Merian; Marsipella elongata; Martinottiella communis; Mauritania; Melonis zaandamae; Miliolina oblonga; Miliolinella sp.; MSM16/3; Neolenticulina peregrina; Nonion fabum; northern Banda slide; northern canyon area west of Banc dArguin (ROV3); Oridorsalis umbonatus; outer shelf off Banc dArguin; Pararotalia sp.; Placopsilina bradyi; Planispirinella exigua; Planodiscorbis rarescens; Planorbulina mediterranensis; Planulina ariminensis; Procerolagena gracilis; Proemassilina arenaria; Psammosphaera fusca; Pullenia subcarinata; Pyrgo depressa; Pyrgoella sphaera; Pyrgo williamsoni; Quinqueloculina lamarckiana; Quinqueloculina sp.; Quinqueloculina viennensis; Rectuvigerina elongatastriata; Recurvoides contortus; Reophax agglutinatus; Reophax bilocularis; Reophax bradyi; Rhabdammina abyssorum; Rhabdammina scabra; Rosalina semipunctata; Rosalina vermiculata; Rutherfordoides rotundiformis; Rutherfordoides sp.; Sahulia barkeri; Sigmoilopsis schlumbergeri; Siphouvigerina proboscidea; Site; southern Banc d Arguin; southern Banda slide; Sphaeroidina bulloides; Spiroloculina dilatata; Spiroloculina excavata; Spiroloculina tenuiseptata; Spiroplectinella wrighti; Spirorutilus carinatus; Stomatorbina concentrica; Tetragonostomina rhombiformis; Textularia pseudotrochus; Textularia sp.; Textularia truncata; Timiris deep coral mound chain; Timiris mud wedge; Trifarina albatrossi; Trifarina angulosa; Trifarina fornasinii; Triloculina angusteoralis; Triloculina fichteliana; Tritaxis conica; Trochammina inflata; Uvigerina hispida; Uvigerina mediterranea; Uvigerina peregrina; Uvigerina pygmaea
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3690 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: In July 2022 within the framework of an Alfred-Wegener-Institute-managed expedition and the Nunataryuk project, sediment core YC22_MR_7 was taken off the coast of Herschel Island, Canada, using a hand corer. Data sets were obtained to investigate carbon feedback from the sediments to the water column and atmosphere, using DIC concentrations and isotopic values. The local sediments are supplied primarily by organic carbon previously stored in adjacent permafrost soils (biomarker and bulk data), which erode and redeposit quickly (age model) on the ocean floor. Intact polar lipid fatty acids were extracted from the sediments, purified, and 14C analysis was performed as described in Ruben et al. (2023). The 13C isotopy was determined with GC-IRMS (Elvert et al., 2003).
    Keywords: AWI Arctic Land Expedition; CA-Land_2022_YukonCoast; CA-Land_2022_YukonCoast_MR_7; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, sediment/rock, standard deviation; Fatty acid methyl ester, compound; Fatty acid methyl ester, compound specific, δ13C; Fatty acid methyl ester, compound specific, δ13C, standard deviation; Fraction modern carbon, compound specific; Fraction modern carbon, compound specific, standard deviation; Hand corer; HCOR; Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada; NUNATARYUK; NUNATARYUK, Permafrost thaw and the changing Arctic coast, science for socioeconomic adaptation; Sample ID; YC22_MR_7; Yukon Coast 2022
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 119 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 77
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: This julia package implements various tools for working with simple, non-marked, one dimensional point processes. In special it implements a bootstrap-based goodness-of-fit test for parametric models.
    Type: Software , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: archive
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: To better understand possible reasons for the diverse modeling results and large discrepancies of the detected solar fingerprints, we took one step back and assessed the "initial" solar signals in the middle atmosphere based on large ensemble simulations with multiple climate models — FOCI, EMAC, and MPI-ESM-HR. Consistent with previous work, we find that the 11-year solar cycle signals in the short wave heating rate (SWHR) and ozone anomalies are robust and statistically significant in all three models. These "initial" solar cycle signals in SWHR, ozone, and temperature anomalies are sensitive to the strength of the solar forcing. Correlation coefficients of the solar cycle with the SWHR, ozone, and temperature anomalies linearly increase along with the enhancement of the solar cycle amplitude, and this reliance becomes more complex when the solar cycle amplitude exceeds a certain threshold. In addition, the cold bias in the tropical stratopause of EMAC dampens the subsequent results of the "initial" solar signal. The warm pole bias in MPI-ESM-HR leads to a weak polar night jet (PNJ), which may limit the top-down propagation of the initial solar signal. Although FOCI simulated a so-called top-down response as revealed in previous studies in a period with large solar cycle amplitudes, its warm bias in the tropical upper stratosphere results in a positive bias in PNJ and can lead to a "reversed" response in some extreme cases. We suggest a careful interpretation of the single model result and further re-examination of the solar signal based on more climate models.
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: The mesopelagic or ocean twilight zone (OTZ) in the ocean contains huge numbers of fish in a relatively pristine environment and may therefore attract interest as a commercial fishery. In this study we evaluate in economic terms, the likely trade-offs between the different services provided by the mesopelagic layer in the Bay of Biscay and the societal benefits of its commercial exploitation. Benefits arise mainly from the likely use of this group of species as raw material for producing fishmeal and fish oil. Costs are derived from the loss in climate regulating and cultural, services, but also from the loss in the provisioning service of other commercial species. To do so we compare the current non-exploited status with a situation in where mesopelagic fishes are harvested at levels capable of producing the Maximum Sustainable Yield. Results suggest that if mesopelagic fishes are harvested, a mean value of 1.2 million Euro loss in a year will be created in the Bay of Biscay, although in a range between 42 million Euro loss and 48 Euro million benefits. This uncertainty comes, mainly, from the limited existing knowledge of the mesopelagic fishes’ biomass but also from the uncertainty on the biomass of the rest of the species of the studied ecosystem. The large range indicates that a better understanding of the mesopelagic ecosystem is needed, however, results also show that ecosystem services under no exploitation provided by the OTZ could be more valuable than the fishmeal and fish oil that potentially could be obtained from the fishes harvested in this sea layer.
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: In the framework of a changing climate, it is useful to devise methods capable of effectively assessing and monitoring the changing landscape of air-sea CO2 fluxes. In this study, we developed an integrated machine learning tool to objectively classify and track marine carbon biomes under seasonally and interannually changing environmental conditions. The tool was applied to the monthly output of a global ocean biogeochemistry model at 0.25° resolution run under atmospheric forcing for the period 1958–2018. Carbon biomes are defined as regions having consistent relations between surface CO2 fugacity (fCO2) and its main drivers (temperature, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity). We detected carbon biomes by using an agglomerative hierarchical clustering (HC) methodology applied to spatial target-driver relationships, whereby a novel adaptive approach to cut the HC dendrogram based on the compactness and similarity of the clusters was employed. Based only on the spatial variability of the target-driver relationships and with no prior knowledge on the cluster location, we were able to detect well-defined and geographically meaningful carbon biomes. A deep learning model was constructed to track the seasonal and interannual evolution of the carbon biomes, wherein a feed-forward neural network was trained to assign labels to detected biomes. We find that the area covered by the carbon biomes responds robustly to seasonal variations in environmental conditions. A seasonal alternation between different biomes is observed over the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean. Long-term trends in biome coverage over the 1958–2018 period, namely a 10 % expansion of the subtropical biome in the North Atlantic and a 10 % expansion of the subpolar biome in the Southern Ocean, are suggestive of long-term climate shifts. Our approach thus provides a framework that can facilitate the monitoring of the impacts of climate change on the ocean carbon cycle and the evaluation of carbon cycle projections across Earth System Models.
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  • 81
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Berlin : De Gruyter
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXVI, 372 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme , 25 cm x 18 cm
    ISBN: 9783110298048 , 311029804X
    Series Statement: De Gruyter studies in mathematical physics volume 31
    Language: English
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Urban heat island (UHI) not only reflects the environmental thermal comfort and energy consumption, but also affects the urban meso‑scale climate. There are many researches related with UHI mainly focusing on urban and rural area, while neglecting dynamic rural–urban transition especially in a rapid urbanization in China. Beijing and Zhengzhou are studied by using city clustering algorithm (CCA) and boundary generation algorithm (BGA) to delineate the urban, peri‑urban and rural boundaries from 2000 to 2023 within three stages. Fourier transform model was used to identify the UHI patterns. Results show: 1) Two cities have undergone obvious expansions in 20 years, with a consistent mean LST decrease from urban to peri‑urban and rural areas in three stages. 2) The distribution of UHII was more consistent in Beijing, while it varied more in Zhengzhou across seasons. 3) The UHI patterns notably differ, with Zhengzhou experiencing variable patterns and Beijing consistently showing oblate patterns. 4) The profiles of UHII and NDVI in two cities varied seasonally and reflected urban expansions in terms of longitude and latitude. Understanding the long-term changes and patterns of urban heat islands in different cities will provide information for formulating adaptive policies for urban sustainability.
    Language: English
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Language: English
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Transportation and mobility patterns contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. Understanding the drivers of these emissions, particularly for high emitters, is key to designing appropriate climate and mobility policies. In this article, we study the distribution of emissions from mobility in Germany and their drivers. We use a 2017 nation-wide mobility survey to calculate the carbon footprint of individuals associated with day-to-day and long-distance travels. We use quantile regression to investigate both socio-economic and attitudinal drivers of emissions across different categories of emitters, and for different mobility types. We discuss our results with respect to previous findings in the literature. Overall, we find that the top 10% of emitters are responsible for 51% of total emissions, and for 80% of emissions from long-distance travel. The statistical analysis reveals strong differences regarding the contribution of socio-economic drivers such as income or location at different levels of emissions. Attitudes towards different transportation modes also strongly correlate with differences in mobility behaviors.
    Language: English
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Climate change heavily threatens forest ecosystems worldwide and there is urgent need to understand what controls tree survival and forests stability. There is evidence that biodiversity can enhance ecosystem stability (Loreau and de Mazancourt in Ecol Lett 16:106–115, 2013; McCann in Nature 405:228–233, 2000), however it remains largely unclear whether this also holds for climate change and what aspects of biodiversity might be most important. Here we apply machine learning to outputs of a flexible-trait Dynamic Global Vegetation Model to unravel the effects of enhanced functional tree trait diversity and its sub-components on climate-change resistance of temperate forests (http://www.pik-potsdam.de/~billing/video/Forest_Resistance_LPJmLFIT.mp4). We find that functional tree trait diversity enhances forest resistance. We explain this with 1. stronger complementarity effects (~ 25% importance) especially improving the survival of trees in the understorey of up to + 16.8% (± 1.6%) and 2. environmental and competitive filtering of trees better adapted to future climate (40–87% importance). We conclude that forests containing functionally diverse trees better resist and adapt to future conditions. In this context, we especially highlight the role of functionally diverse understorey trees as they provide the fundament for better survival of young trees and filtering of resistant tree individuals in the future.
    Language: English
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Background: Inherited blood disorders affect 7% of the population worldwide, with higher prevalences in countries in the “thalassemia belt,” which includes Bangladesh. Clinical management options for severely affected individuals are expensive; thus, targeted government policies are needed to support prevention and treatment programs. In Bangladesh, there is a lack of data, in particular community-based estimates, to determine population prevalence. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of a wide range of hemoglobinopathies and their associations with anemia in a community-based sample of women and young children in rural Sylhet, Bangladesh. - Methods: Capillary blood samples from 900 reproductive-aged women and 395 children (aged 6–37 months) participating in the Food and Agricultural Approaches to Reducing Malnutrition (FAARM) trial in two sub-districts of Habiganj, Sylhet Division, Bangladesh were analyzed for alpha thalassemia, beta thalassemia, and other hemoglobinopathies. We examined the association of each inherited blood disorder with hemoglobin concentration and anemia using linear and logistic regression. - Results: We identified at least one inherited blood disorder in 11% of women and 10% of children. Alpha thalassemia was most prevalent, identified in 7% of women and 5% of children, followed by beta thalassemia and hemoglobin E in 2–3%. We also identified cases of hemoglobin S and hemoglobin D in this population. Having any of the identified inherited blood disorders was associated with lower hemoglobin values among non-pregnant women, largely driven by alpha and beta thalassemia. Pregnant women with beta thalassemia were also more likely to have lower hemoglobin concentrations. Among children, we found weak evidence for a relationship between hemoglobinopathy and lower hemoglobin concentrations. - Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of alpha thalassemia among both women and children in rural Sylhet, Bangladesh–higher than all other identified hemoglobinopathies combined. Community-based estimates of alpha thalassemia prevalence in Bangladesh are scarce, yet our findings suggest that alpha thalassemia may comprise the majority of inherited blood disorders in some regions of the country. We recommend that future research on inherited blood disorders in Bangladesh include estimates of alpha thalassemia in their reporting for public health awareness and to facilitate couples counseling.
    Language: English
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Oil palm cultivation has become one of the world's most important drivers of land use change in the tropics causing biodiversity loss and greenhouse gas emissions. The impact of climate change and rising carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere on oil palm productivity is not well understood. If environmental change leads to declining palm oil yields in existing cultivation areas, cultivation areas may expand or shift to other regions. Here we assess climate change impacts on palm oil production using an extended version of the dynamic global vegetation model with managed land, LPJmL4, and a range of climate scenarios from the inter-sectoral impact model intercomparison project. We find increasing average yields under all future climate scenarios. This contradicts earlier studies, which did not consider the potential positive effect of CO2 fertilization. If we do not account for CO2 fertilization, future yields also decrease in our simulations. Our results indicate the potentially large role of rising CO2 levels on oil palm cultivation. This highlights the importance of further applied plant science to better understand the impact of climate change and elevated CO2 levels on oil palm growth and productivity.
    Language: English
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Many physical, biological, and social systems exhibit emergent properties arising from their components’ interactions (cells). In this study, we systematically treat every-pair interactions (a) that exhibit power-law dependence on the Euclidean distance and (b) act in structures that can be characterized using fractal geometry. It can represent the two-body interaction potential, the heat flux between two parts of a structure, friendship strength between two people, etc.. We analytically derive the average intensity of influence that one cell has on the others or, conversely, receives from them. This quantity is referred to as the mean interaction field of the cells, and we find that (i) in a long-range interaction regime, the mean interaction field increases following a power-law with the size of the system, (ii) in a short-range interaction regime, the field saturates, and (iii) in the intermediate range it follows a logarithmic behavior. To validate our analytical solution, we perform numerical simulations. For long-range interactions, the theoretical calculations align closely with the numerical results. However, for short-range interactions, we observe that discreteness significantly impacts the continuum approximation used in the derivation, leading to incorrect asymptotic behavior in this regime. To address this issue, we propose an expansion that substantially improves the accuracy of the analytical expression. We discuss applications of the every-pair interactions system proposed, and one of them is to explore a framework for estimating the fractal dimension of unknown structures. This approach offers an alternative to established methods such as box-counting or sandbox methods. Overall, we believe that our analytical work will have broad applicability in systems where every-pair interactions play a role.
    Language: English
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Adaptive management of crop growing periods by adjusting sowing dates and cultivars is one of the central aspects of crop production systems, tightly connected to local climate. However, it is so far underrepresented in crop-model based assessments of yields under climate change. In this study, we integrate models of farmers’ decision making with biophysical crop modeling at the global scale to simulate crop calendars adaptation and its effect on crop yields of maize, rice, sorghum, soybean and wheat. We simulate crop growing periods and yields (1986-2099) under counterfactual management scenarios assuming no adaptation, timely adaptation or delayed adaptation of sowing dates and cultivars. We then compare the counterfactual growing periods and corresponding yields at the end of the century (2080-2099). We find that (i) with adaptation, temperature-driven sowing dates (typical at latitudes 〉30°N-S) will have larger shifts than precipitation-driven sowing dates (at latitudes 〈30°N-S); (ii) later-maturing cultivars will be needed, particularly at higher latitudes; (iii) timely adaptation of growing periods would increase actual crop yields by ~12%, reducing climate change negative impacts and enhancing the positive CO2 fertilization effect. Despite remaining uncertainties, crop growing periods adaptation require consideration in climate change impact assessments.
    Language: English
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Mountain glaciers are sensitive recorders of natural and human-induced climate change. Therefore, it is imperative to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between climate and glacier response on both short and long timescales. Here we present an analysis of oxygen and carbon isotope data from speleothems formed mainly below a glacier-covered catchment in the Alps 300,000 to 200,000 years ago. Isotope-enabled climate model simulations reveal that δ18O of precipitation in the Alps was higher by approximately 1 ‰ during interstadials compared to stadials. This agrees with interstadial-stadial amplitudes of our new speleothem-based estimate after correcting for cave-internal effects. We propose that the variability of these cave-internal effects offers a unique tool for reconstructing long-term dynamics of warm-based Alpine palaeoglaciers. Our data thereby suggests a close link between North Atlantic interstadial-stadial variability and the meltwater dynamics of Alpine glaciers during Marine Isotope Stage 8 and 7d.
    Language: English
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: The instability with respect to global glaciation is a fundamental property of the climate system caused by the positive ice-albedo feedback. The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) at which this Snowball bifurcation occurs changes through Earth's history, most notably because of the slowly increasing solar luminosity. Quantifying this critical CO2 concentration is not only interesting from a climate dynamics perspective but also constitutes an important prerequisite for understanding past Snowball Earth episodes, as well as the conditions for habitability on Earth and other planets. Earlier studies are limited to investigations with very simple climate models for Earth's entire history or studies of individual time slices carried out with a variety of more complex models and for different boundary conditions, making comparisons and the identification of secular changes difficult. Here, we use a coupled climate model of intermediate complexity to trace the Snowball bifurcation of an aquaplanet through Earth's history in one consistent model framework. We find that the critical CO2 concentration decreased more or less logarithmically with increasing solar luminosity until about 1 billion years ago but dropped faster in more recent times. Furthermore, there was a fundamental shift in the dynamics of the critical state about 1.2 billion years ago (unrelated to the downturn in critical CO2 values), driven by the interplay of wind-driven sea-ice dynamics and the surface energy balance: for critical states at low solar luminosities, the ice line lies in the Ferrel cell, stabilised by the poleward winds despite moderate meridional temperature gradients under strong greenhouse warming. For critical states at high solar luminosities, on the other hand, the ice line rests at the Hadley cell boundary, stabilised against the equatorward winds by steep meridional temperature gradients resulting from the increased solar energy input at lower latitudes and stronger Ekman transport in the ocean.
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: To represent the impact of grazing livestock on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics in grasslands, we implement a livestock module into LPJmL5.0-tillage, a global vegetation and crop model with explicit representation of managed grasslands and pastures, forming LPJmL5.0-grazing. The livestock module uses lactating dairy cows as a generic representation of grazing livestock. The new module explicitly accounts for forage quality in terms of dry-matter intake and digestibility using relationships derived from compositional analyses for different forages. Partitioning of N into milk, feces, and urine as simulated by the new livestock module shows very good agreement with observation-based relationships reported in the literature. Modelled C and N dynamics depend on forage quality (C:N ratios in grazed biomass), forage quantity, livestock densities, manure or fertilizer inputs, soil, atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and climate conditions. Due to the many interacting relationships, C sequestration, GHG emissions, N losses, and livestock productivity show substantial variation in space and across livestock densities. The improved LPJmL5.0-grazing model can now assess the effects of livestock grazing on C and N stocks and fluxes in grasslands. It can also provide insights about the spatio-temporal variability of grassland productivity and about the trade-offs between livestock production and environmental impacts.
    Language: English
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Temperature targets of the Paris Agreement limit global net cumulative emissions to very tight carbon budgets. The possibility to overshoot the budget and offset near-term excess emissions by net-negative emissions is considered economically attractive as it eases near-term mitigation pressure. While potential side effects of carbon removal deployment are discussed extensively, the additional climate risks and the impacts and damages have attracted less attention. We link six models for an integrative analysis of the climatic, environmental and socio-economic consequences of temporarily overshooting a carbon budget consistent with the 1.5 °C temperature target along the cause-effect chain from emissions and carbon removals to climate risks and impact. Global climatic indicators such as CO2-concentration and mean temperature closely follow the carbon budget overshoot with mid-century peaks of 50 ppmv and 0.35 °C, respectively. Our findings highlight that investigating overshoot scenarios requires temporally and spatially differentiated analysis of climate, environmental and socioeconomic systems. We find persistent and spatially heterogeneous differences in the distribution of carbon across various pools, ocean heat content, sea-level rise as well as economic damages. Moreover, we find that key impacts, including degradation of marine ecosystem, heat wave exposure and economic damages, are more severe in equatorial areas than in higher latitudes, although absolute temperature changes being stronger in higher latitudes. The detrimental effects of a 1.5 °C warming and the additional effects due to overshoots are strongest in non-OECD countries (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). Constraining the overshoot inflates CO2 prices, thus shifting carbon removal towards early afforestation while reducing the total cumulative deployment only slightly, while mitigation costs increase sharply in developing countries. Thus, scenarios with carbon budget overshoots can reverse global mean temperature increase but imply more persistent and geographically heterogeneous impacts. Overall, the decision about overshooting implies more severe trade-offs between mitigation and impacts in developing countries.
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Over the past decade, Greenland has experienced several extreme melt events, the most pronounced ones in the years 2010, 2012 and 2019. With progressing climate change, such extreme melt events can be expected to occur more frequently and potentially become more severe and persistent. So far, however, projections of ice loss and sea level change from Greenland typically rely on scenarios which only take gradual changes in the climate into account. Using the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM), we investigate the effect of extreme melt events on the overall mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet and the changes in ice flow, invoked by the altered surface topography. As a first constraint, this study estimates the overall effect of extreme melt events on the cumulative mass loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet. We find that the sea level contribution from Greenland might increase by 2 to 45 cm (0.2 % to 14 %) by the year 2300 if extreme events occur more frequently in the future under a Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario, and the ice sheet area might be reduced by an additional 6000 to 26 000 km2 by 2300 in comparison to future warming scenarios without extremes. In conclusion, projecting the future sea level contribution from the Greenland Ice Sheet requires consideration of the changes in both the frequency and intensity of extreme events. It is crucial to individually address these extremes at a monthly resolution as temperature forcing with the same excess temperature but evenly distributed over longer timescales (e.g., seasonal) leads to less sea level rise than for the simulations of the resolved extremes. Extremes lead to additional mass loss and thinning. This, in turn, reduces the driving stress and surface velocities, ultimately dampening the ice loss attributed to ice flow and discharge. Overall, we find that the surface elevation feedback largely amplifies melting for scenarios with and without extremes, with additional mass loss attributed to this feedback having the greatest impact on projected sea level.
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: The timescales of the flow and retreat of Greenland’s and Antarctica’s outlet glaciers and their potential instabilities are arguably the largest uncertainty in future sea-level projections. Here we derive a scaling relation that allows the comparison of the timescales of observed complex ice flow fields with geometric similarity. The scaling relation is derived under the assumption of fast, laterally confined, geometrically similar outlet-glacier flow over a slippery bed, i.e., with negligible basal friction. According to the relation, the time scaling of the outlet flow is determined by the product of the inverse of 1) the fourth power of the width-to-length ratio of its confinement, 2) the third power of the confinement depth and 3) the temperature- dependent ice softness. For the outflow at the grounding line of streams with negligible basal friction this means that the volume flux is proportional to the ice softness and the bed depth, but goes with the fourth power of the gradient of the bed and with the fifth power of the width of the stream. We show that the theoretically derived scaling relation is supported by the observed velocity scaling of outlet glaciers across Greenland as well as by idealized numerical simulations of marine ice-sheet instabilities (MISIs) as found in Antarctica. Assuming that changes in the ice-flow velocity due to ice-dynamic imbalance are proportional to the equilibrium velocity, we combine the scaling relation with a statistical analysis of the topography of 13 MISI-prone Antarctic outlets. Under these assumptions the timescales in response to a potential destabilization are fastest for Thwaites Glacier in West Antarctica and Mellor, Ninnis and Cook Glaciers in East Antarctica; between 16 and 67 times faster than for Pine Island Glacier. While the applicability of our results is limited by several strong assumptions, the utilization and potential further development of the presented scaling approach may help to constrain time-scale estimates of outlet glacier- flow, augmenting the commonly exploited and comparatively computationally expensive approach of numerical modeling.
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: We present a new open source dataset FLODIS that links estimates of flood-induced human displacements, fatalities, and economic damages to flooded areas observed through remote sensing. The dataset connects displacement data from the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), as well as data on fatalities and damages from the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT), with the Global Flood Database (GFD), a satellite-based inventory of historic flood footprints. It thereby provides a spatially explicit estimate of the flood hazard underlying each individual disaster event. FLODIS contains two datasets with event-specific information for 335 human displacement events and 695 mortality/damage events that occurred around the world between 2000 and 2018. Additionally, we provide estimates of affected population, GDP, and critical infrastructure, as well as socio-economic indicators; and we provide geocoding for displacement events ascribed to other types of disasters, such as tropical cyclones, so that they may be linked to corresponding hazard estimates in future work. FLODIS facilitates integrated flood risk analysis, allowing, for example, for detailed assessments of local flood-damage and displacement vulnerability.
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Many phenomena of high relevance for economic development such as human capital, geography and climate vary considerably within countries as well as between them. Yet, global data sets of economic output are typically available at the national level only, thereby limiting the accuracy and precision of insights gained through empirical analyses. Recent work has used interpolation and downscaling to yield estimates of sub-national economic output at a global scale, but respective data sets based on official, reported values only are lacking. We here present DOSE — the MCC-PIK Database Of Sub-national Economic Output. DOSE contains harmonised data on reported economic output from 1,661 sub-national regions across 83 countries from 1960 to 2020. To avoid interpolation, values are assembled from numerous statistical agencies, yearbooks and the literature and harmonised for both aggregate and sectoral output. Moreover, we provide temporally- and spatially-consistent data for regional boundaries, enabling matching with geo-spatial data such as climate observations. DOSE provides the opportunity for detailed analyses of economic development at the subnational level, consistent with reported values.
    Language: English
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: The summer of 2018 was an extraordinary season in climatological terms for northern and central Europe, bringing simultaneous, widespread, and concurrent heat and drought extremes in large parts of the continent with extensive impacts on agriculture, forests, water supply, and socio-economic sector. Here, we present a comprehensive, multi-faceted analysis of the 2018 extreme summer in terms of heat and drought in central and northern Europe, with a particular focus on Germany. The heatwave first affected Scandinavia by mid-July, shifted towards central Europe in late July, while Iberia was primarily affected in early August. The atmospheric circulation was characterized by strongly positive blocking anomalies over Europe, in combination with a positive summer North Atlantic Oscillation and a double jet stream configuration before the initiation of the heatwave. In terms of possible precursors common to previous European heatwaves, the Eurasian double jet structure and a tripolar sea-surface temperature anomaly over the North Atlantic were identified already in spring. While in the early stages over Scandinavia the air masses at mid- and upper-levels were often of remote, maritime origin, at later stages over Iberia the air masses had primarily a local-to-regional origin. The drought affected Germany the most, starting with warmer than average conditions in spring, associated with enhanced latent heat release that initiated a severe depletion of soil moisture. During summer, a continued precipitation deficit exacerbated the problem, leading to hydrological and agricultural drought. A probabilistic attribution assessment of the heatwave in Germany showed that such events of prolonged heat have become more likely due to anthropogenic global warming. Regarding future projections, an extreme summer such as this of 2018 is expected to occur every two out of three years in Europe under a 1.5 °C warmer world and virtually every single year under 2 °C of global warming. With such large-scale and impactful extreme events becoming more frequent and intense under anthropogenic climate change, comprehensive and multi-faceted studies like the one presented here quantify the multitude of effects and provide valuable information as basis for adaptation and mitigation strategies.
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Background: Heat exposure, which can negatively affect human health and wellbeing, is heterogeneous within US cities. However, little is known about who can avoid heat stress by adjusting their everyday behaviour. We aimed to analyse the effect of ambient temperature on mobility, specifically subway (ie, the underground railway system) use, in New York City, NY, USA, during 2014–19. - Methods: For this empirical study, subway use across New York City was measured with turnstile data from the New York City Metropolitan Transportation Authority between Jan 1, 2014, and Dec 31, 2019. Passenger numbers were then aggregated to the zip code tabulation area (ZCTA) level. Daily observational climate data were obtained from the US National Weather Service between Jan 1, 2014, and Dec 31, 2019. Socioeconomic data at the ZCTA level originated from the American Community Survey 2019. We extracted data on population age, ethnicity, commuting, employment, median household income, rent, and health-insurance coverage. We used a fixed-effects panel-regression model to assess the influence of temperature on subway use in New York City, which was the main outcome of our study. - Findings: We obtained data for 438 subway stations across New York City. After data cleaning and preprocessing, the final aggregated data sample consisted of 238 508 instances of subway use in 1955 days across 6 years for 122 ZCTAs, with 168 days missing in the raw data and 67 days removed as outliers. The results of the fixed-effects panel-regression analysis showed a strong, non-linear effect of daily maximum temperature on subway use. Subway use was highest at 11·5°C and substantially decreased for temperatures that were colder and warmer than that, with reductions reaching 6·5% (95% CI 2·5–10·5) for the coldest temperature (ie, –6·5°C) and 10·5% (6·0–14·0) for the hottest temperature (ie, 34·5°C). Reductions differed between weekdays and weekends, when residents generally had more freedom to adjust their behaviour. Neighbourhoods that were at a socioeconomic disadvantage experienced smaller or no reductions in mobility in heat; mobility increased in neighbourhoods with beach access. - Interpretation: Our study showed that temperature had a strong, non-linear effect on subway use, but the magnitude of the effect on subway use was heterogeneous across areas of the city on warm days. Weaker avoidance of heat stress correlated with less privilege, indicating compounding health risks. Everyday behavioural adaptation to heat is therefore an effect pathway that contributes to unequal heat effects and should be explored in future research.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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