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  • 1
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Mesilla Basin, Doña Ana County, New Mexico, and El Paso County, Texas (1992)
    Washington, DC : United States Gov. Print. Off.
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: SR 90.0002(1407-C)
    In: Professional paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: VIII, C-105 S. + 5 pl.
    Series Statement: U.S. Geological Survey professional paper 1407-C
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
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    Pleistocene freshwater ostracods from the Homo erectus site at Bilzingsleben, Germany—Review of historic collection and unpublished manuscript material for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-25
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉We provide a review of micropalaeontological research on Ostracoda from the Middle Pleistocene (MIS 11, Holstein interglacial) hominin site Bilzingsleben in Thuringia in Central Germany from 1963 to the 1990s. Samples from four sections inside and six search pits outside the excavation area were investigated and, in total, 49 ostracod species were identified. The ostracod assemblages of the sections mirror the complex and small‐scale palaeoenvironmental evolution of the site from a seeping‐spring to fluviatile, lacustrine and finally seeping‐spring habitat in which a massive tufa layer formed and prevented erosion of the sediments beneath. Pleistocene index fossils are represented by 〈italic〉Ilyocypris quinculminata〈/italic〉 from search pit 3/sample 9933 and 〈italic〉Scottia browniana〈/italic〉 from section 70. Both species indicate the age dating of MIS 11 for the tufa deposit. The results of this study facilitate new insights into site formation processes, enable refinement of the interpretation of the archaeological record and shed light on the question: Does the find‐bearing layer at the Bilzingsleben site contain in situ remains of a camp site of 〈italic〉Homo erectus〈/italic〉 or not? Our results suggest that the site is not unaffected at least.〈/p〉
    Description: Free State of Thuringia
    Keywords: ddc:565 ; actualistic approach ; Holstein interglacial ; Ostracoda ; palaeo air temperature ; palaeosalinity ; tufa
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 3
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    Nonmarine Ostracoda as proxies in (geo‐)archaeology — A review (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-06
    Description: Ostracods as bioindicators are extremely useful for reconstructing palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate and can also indicate the provenance of sediments and materials, for example, in studies on ancient commercial networks. Ostracods are small crustaceans that live in almost all aquatic habitats, both natural and man‐made. Due to their calcitic carapace, they have high fossilization potential, and their use in geoarchaeology has been steadily increasing during the last decades. Their small size needs mean that only small volumes of sediment samples are needed, and species‐specific ecological tolerances and preferences allow detailed palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Typical methods of their application are palaeoecological analyses of associations based on ecological information and taphonomy, morphometric variability and stable isotope and chemistry analyses of their shells. The present paper aims to present an overview of applications of non‐marine ostracods in (geo‐)archaeological research, recommending sampling and analytical techniques for addressing archaeological research questions on palaeoclimate, habitat and landscape changes, water availability and quality, land use and other anthropogenic impacts, the provenance of materials and commercial networks to promote the application of Ostracoda in geoarchaeology/environmental archaeology.
    Description: International Max Planck Research School for the Science of Human History
    Keywords: ddc:565.3
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen profiles and methane turnover in a flooded rice microcosm (1992)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 14 (1992), S. 84-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Methane production ; Methane flux ; Methane profiles ; Oxygen microprofiles ; Oxygen microelectrode ; Diurnal changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Dissolved O2 was depleted within the top 3.5-mm surface layer of flooded rice soil microcosms without plants. In planted microcosms, however, O2 was detectable down to at least 40 mm in depth. O2 concentrations in the uppermost soil layers of microcosms with rice plants were higher in the light than in the dark, indicating O2 production by photosynthesis. The CH4 emission rates were nearly identical for illuminated and for darkened microcosms, demonstrating that the photosynthetically produced O2 did not increase CH4 oxidation in the rhizosphere. In contrast, CH4 emission rates increased when the microcosms were incubated under an N2 atmosphere, indicating that transport of O2 from the atmosphere into the rhizosphere was important for CH4 oxidation. CH4 emission under air accounted for only 10%–20% of the cumulative CH4 production determined in cores taken from the microcosms. Apparently, 80%–90% of the CH4 produced was oxidized in the rhizosphere and thus was not emitted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336255
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of oxygen on sulfate reduction and growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 159 (1993), S. 168-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Sulfate reduction ; Aerobic growth ; Oxygen toxicity ; Oxygen-sulfide gradients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ambivalent relations of sulfate-reducing bacteria to molecular O2 have been studied with ten freshwater and marine strains. Generally, O2 was reduced prior to sulfur compounds and suppressed the reduction of sulfate, sulfite or thiosulfate to sulfide. Three strains slowly formed sulfide at O2 concentrations of below 15 μM (6% air saturation). In homogeneously aerated cultures, two out of seven strains tested, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and Desulfobacterium autotrophicum, revealed weak growth with O2 as electron acceptor (up to one doubling of protein). However, O2 was concomitantly toxic. Depending on its concentration cell viability and motility decreased with time. In artificial oxygen-sulfide gradients with sulfide-containing agar medium and also in sulfide-free agar medium under an oxygen-containing gas phase, sulfate reducers grew in bands close to the oxic/anoxic interface. The specific O2 tolerance and respiration capacity of different strains led to characteristically stratified gradients. The maximum O2 concentration at the surface of a bacterial band (determined by means of microelectrodes) was 9 μM. The specific rates of O2 uptake per cell were in the same order of magnitude as the sulfate reduction rates in pure cultures. The bacteria stabilized the gradients, which were rapidly oxidized in the absence of cells or after killing the cells by formaldehyde. The motile strain Desulfovibrio desulfuricans CSN slowly migrated in the gradients in response to changing O2 concentrations in the gas phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00250278
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetylene inhibition technique underestimates in situ denitrification rates in intact cores of freshwater sediment (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 85 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Denitrification in intact sediment cores was measured by the acetylene inhibition technique and compared with the nitrate flux between water and sediment. Less than half of the nitrate-N consumed by the sediment could be recovered as nitrous oxide-N. The low recovery rate of nitrous oxide from intact sediment cores indicated losses of nitrous oxide by diffusion down to nitrate-free sediment layers, where reduction of nitrous oxide may take place. In sediment slurries 100% of nitrate-N could be recovered as nitrous oxide-N as long as the nitrate concentration in the liquid phase was above 10 μM. Nitrous oxide added to nitrate-free sediment slurries was reduced regardless of whether acetylene was present or not. Therefore denitrification may be significantly underestimated by this method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04448.x-i1
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of methane in the oxic surface layer of a deep lake sediment (Lake Constance) (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 73 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Oxygen and methane metabolism were measured using intact sediment cores taken from the profundal (147 m depth) of Lake Constance. Vertical O2 profiles were determined with O2 microelectrodes. Oxygen penetrated into the sediment to a depth of about 1.5–2.5 mm. The potential O2 consumption rates did not differ significantly between various sampling dates and sampling sites on the deep lake floor. Dissolved CH4 increased linearly between 2 and 20 cm depth resulting linearly between 2 and 10 cm depth resulting in a diffusive flux of about 369 μmol CH4 m−2 d−1 into the oxic sediment surface layer as calculated form Fick's law. Activities of methanogenesis were measured in slurried sediment subcores. Integration of these activities over 2–10 cm depth indicated a total production of 1400 μmol CH4 m−2 d−1. Incubation of intact sediment cores overlaid with O2-containing hypolimnetic water resulted in a flux of about 35 μmol CH4 m−2 d−1 out of the sediment into the water. However, as soon as dissolved O2 had decreased to less than about 18 μM O2, the CH4 flux abruptly increased to about 480 μmol CH4 m−2 d−1. This anaerobic CH4 flux was similar to the CH4 production estimated from the vertical distribution of dissolved CH4, but was much higher than the CH4 flux measured under aerobic conditions. Therefore, about 93% of the produced CH4 must have been oxidized within the oxic sediment surface layer by aerobic methanotrophic bacteria which consumed about 〉 9% of the O2 flux into the sediment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb03935.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methanogenic symbionts of anaerobic ciliates and their contribution to methanogenesis in an anoxic rice field soil (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 52 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Methanogenesis in rice field soils starts soon after flooding while potentially competing processes like reduction of sulphate and iron take place. Early methanogenesis is mainly driven by hydrogen, while later in the season acetate tends to become more important. Anaerobic ciliates are abundant during this period, and their endosymbionts use hydrogen produced by the ciliates to reduce carbon dioxide to methane. These endosymbiotic methanogens are protected from the competition for substrates with other bacteria that may control methanogenesis outside the protozoan cells. Thus, we focussed on early methanogenesis and on the potential contribution from ciliates and their endosymbionts. Only ciliates of the genus Metopus were found to harbour methanogens, as identified by the F420-fluorescence of the endosymbionts. We followed the population dynamics of the ciliates with time, and calculated the ratio of symbiotic methane production to overall methanogenesis. Symbiotic methane production was calculated from the species-specific numbers of methanogenic endosymbionts times the cell-specific methane production of the symbionts. According to this calculation, the symbionts' contribution to overall methane production was only 6.4% at the beginning and decreased with time. In a second experiment, colchicine and cycloheximide were used to inhibit all eukaryotes, comparing the remaining methane production rate to a control without inhibitors. In the inhibition experiment, the contribution from symbionts decreased from 40% to 6% during the first days after flooding, and dropped to near zero within 2 weeks. However, nearly all methane produced from H2/CO2 could be attributed to the ciliates' symbionts between days 5 and 10 after flooding. Both experiments showed that the contribution of methanogenic symbionts to overall methane production is a transient phenomenon, restricted to the first 2 weeks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2004.10.009
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity, structure and dynamics of the methanogenic archaeal community in a flooded Italian rice field (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 51 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Methane production was studied in an Italian rice field over two consecutive years (1998, 1999) by measuring the rates of total and acetate-dependent methanogenesis in soil and root samples. Population dynamics of methanogens were followed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and real-time PCR targeting archaeal SSU rRNA genes. Rates of total and acetate-dependent methanogenesis in soil increased during the season, reached a maximum at about 70–80 days after flooding and then decreased again. In contrast, the size of the archaeal community remained relatively constant. Therefore, the seasonal changes in the methanogenic processes were probably not caused by changes in the size of the methanogenic community but in its activity. During the 1998/1999 winter period, a slight decrease in archaeal cell numbers was found. In both years, the dominant groups were methanogens affiliated with Rice cluster I, Methanosaetaceae, Methanosarcinaceae and Methanobacteriaceae. Correspondence analysis showed, however, that the archaeal community structure was different in 1998 and 1999. Methanogens with potential acetoclastic activity made up a larger fraction of the total archaeal community in 1999 (32–53%) than in 1998 (20–32%). Furthermore, the frequency of Methanosaetaceae relative to Methanosarcinaceae was significantly higher in 1999 than in 1998. This difference could be explained by the much lower soil acetate concentrations in 1999, to which Methanosaetaceae are physiologically better adapted than Methanosarcinaceae. Over the season, however, the composition of the archaeal community remained relatively constant and thus did not reflect the observed seasonal change in CH4 production activity. The analysis of rice root samples in 1999 showed that the archaeal community structure on the roots was similar to that in soil but with acetoclastic methanogens being relatively less common. This observation is in agreement with domination of CH4 production by H2/CO2-dependent methanogenesis on roots. Our study provided a link between size, structure and function of the methanogenic community in an Italian rice field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2004.09.004
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparing field and microcosm experiments: a case study on methano- and methylo-trophic bacteria in paddy soil (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 51 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Methane-oxidising bacteria (MOB) play an important role in the reduction of methane emissions from rice agriculture. In rice fields, they are subjected to many environmental and field management parameters, which may have a significant impact on their community composition. To study this in greater detail, the community structure of methano- and methylo-trophic bacteria was investigated in a rice field in northern Italy during the summer 1999 and compared to a microcosm study described previously. We used PCR-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis applying 16S rDNA (9α and 10γ) and mxaF (methanol-dehydrogenase) primer sets. In parallel, population size and activity of MOB were determined. This study provides the first comprehensive investigation of different compartments (bulk soil, rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and homogenate) throughout an entire rice-growing season in the field. Lower cell numbers of MOB were detected in the field compared to the microcosms, possibly due to lower CH4 concentrations in the soil pore water. In both studies, growth of MOB occurred predominantly at the root surface (rhizoplane) and in the root (homogenate), whereas cell numbers in bulk soil showed only minor changes throughout the season. Molecular analysis detected only few changes in α-proteobacterial methylotrophs during the season, whereas a higher variability was detected in γ-proteobacteria. Nevertheless, the sequences of electrophoretic bands showed that the diversity in the field study and in the microcosms was comparable. Activity patterns of MOB and the population structure of methylotrophic bacteria agreed well between both studies, even though the detected quantities differed. Extrapolations of microcosm data to the field scale are thus possible, but should be used carefully when concerning quantitative changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2004.09.007
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