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  • 1
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    A pushing mechanism for microtubule aster positioning in a large cell type (2020)
    Cell Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Meaders, J. L., de Matos, S. N., & Burgess, D. R. A pushing mechanism for microtubule aster positioning in a large cell type. Cell Reports, 33(1), (2020): 108213, doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108213.
    Description: After fertilization, microtubule (MT) sperm asters undergo long-range migration to accurately position pronuclei. Due to the large sizes of zygotes, the forces driving aster migration are considered to be from pulling on the astral MTs by dynein, with no significant contribution from pushing forces. Here, we re-investigate the forces responsible for sperm aster centration in sea urchin zygotes. Our quantifications of aster geometry and MT density preclude a pulling mechanism. Manipulation of aster radial lengths and growth rates, combined with quantitative tracking of aster migration dynamics, indicates that aster migration is equal to the length of rear aster radii, supporting a pushing model for centration. We find that dynein inhibition causes an increase in aster migration rates. Finally, ablation of rear astral MTs halts migration, whereas front and side ablations do not. Collectively, our data indicate that a pushing mechanism can drive the migration of asters in a large cell type.
    Description: We would like to thank Dr. Jesse Gatlin for sending us the Tau-mCherry fusion protein for imaging live MTs. We would also like to thank Dr. Timothy Mitchison, Dr. Christine Field, and Dr. James Pelletier for supplying us with CA4, p150-CC1, and EB1-GFP peptides, as well as for fruitful discussions. Finally, we would like to thank Dr. Charles Shuster and Leslie Toledo-Jacobo for constructive feedback when preparing the manuscript. We thank Bret Judson and the Boston College Imaging Core for infrastructure and support. This material is based upon work supported by NSF grant no. 124425 to D.R.B.
    Keywords: Dynein ; Aster ; Microtubule ; Centrosome ; Pronucleus ; Fertilization ; Aster position
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  • 2
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    Absolute proteomic quantification reveals design principles of sperm flagellar chemosensation (2020)
    EMBO Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Troetschel, C., Hamzeh, H., Alvarez, L., Pascal, R., Lavryk, F., Boenigk, W., Koerschen, H. G., Mueller, A., Poetsch, A., Rennhack, A., Gui, L., Nicastro, D., Struenker, T., Seifert, R., & Kaupp, U. B. Absolute proteomic quantification reveals design principles of sperm flagellar chemosensation. Embo Journal, 39(4), (2020): e102723, doi:10.15252/embj.2019102723.
    Description: Cilia serve as cellular antennae that translate sensory information into physiological responses. In the sperm flagellum, a single chemoattractant molecule can trigger a Ca2+ rise that controls motility. The mechanisms underlying such ultra‐sensitivity are ill‐defined. Here, we determine by mass spectrometry the copy number of nineteen chemosensory signaling proteins in sperm flagella from the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata. Proteins are up to 1,000‐fold more abundant than the free cellular messengers cAMP, cGMP, H+, and Ca2+. Opto‐chemical techniques show that high protein concentrations kinetically compartmentalize the flagellum: Within milliseconds, cGMP is relayed from the receptor guanylate cyclase to a cGMP‐gated channel that serves as a perfect chemo‐electrical transducer. cGMP is rapidly hydrolyzed, possibly via “substrate channeling” from the channel to the phosphodiesterase PDE5. The channel/PDE5 tandem encodes cGMP turnover rates rather than concentrations. The rate‐detection mechanism allows continuous stimulus sampling over a wide dynamic range. The textbook notion of signal amplification—few enzyme molecules process many messenger molecules—does not hold for sperm flagella. Instead, high protein concentrations ascertain messenger detection. Similar mechanisms may occur in other small compartments like primary cilia or dendritic spines.
    Description: We thank Heike Krause for preparing the manuscript. Financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) via the priority program SPP 1726 “Microswimmers” and the Cluster of Excellence 1023 “ImmunoSensation” is gratefully acknowledged. We thank D. Stoddard for management of the UTSW cryo‐electron microscope facility, which is funded in part by a Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT) Core Facility Award (RP170644). This study was supported by HHS|National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant R01 GM083122 and by CPRIT grant RR140082 to D. Nicastro.
    Keywords: Cilium ; Electron tomography ; Fertilization ; Quantitative mass spectrometry ; Signaling
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  • 3
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    Mitochondrial respiration and Ca2+ waves are linked during fertilization and meiosis completion (2005)
    Company of Biologists Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © Company of Biologists Limited, 2003. This article is posted here by permission of Company of Biologists Limited for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Development 130 (2003): 683-692, doi:10.1242/10.1242/dev.00296.
    Description: Fertilization increases both cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and oxygen consumption in the egg but the relationship between these two phenomena remains largely obscure. We have measured mitochondrial oxygen consumption and the mitochondrial NADH concentration on single ascidian eggs and found that they increase in phase with each series of meiotic Ca2+ waves emitted by two pacemakers (PM1 and PM2). Oxygen consumption also increases in response to Ins(1,4,5)P3-induced Ca2+ transients. Using mitochondrial inhibitors we show that active mitochondria sequester cytosolic Ca2+ during sperm-triggered Ca2+ waves and that they are strictly necessary for triggering and sustaining the activity of the meiotic Ca2+ wave pacemaker PM2. Strikingly, the activity of the Ca2+ wave pacemaker PM2 can be restored or stimulated by flash photolysis of caged ATP. Taken together our observations provide the first evidence that, in addition to buffering cytosolic Ca2+, the egg's mitochondria are stimulated by Ins(1,4,5)P3-mediated Ca2+ signals. In turn, mitochondrial ATP production is required to sustain the activity of the meiotic Ca2+ wave pacemaker PM2.
    Description: This work was supported by AFM and ARC grants to C. S.
    Keywords: Fertilization ; Respiration ; Ca2+ waves ; Mitochondria ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; ATP ; Ca2+ wave pacemakers ; Ascidian
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  • 4
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    Elevated pCO2 exposure during fertilization of the bay scallop Argopecten irradians reduces larval survival but not subsequent shell size (2014)
    Inter-Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2014. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 498 (2014): 173-186, doi:10.3354/meps10621.
    Description: Ocean acidification, characterized by elevated partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), generally has negative effects on early life stages of invertebrates. We tested the idea that fertilization is a critical CO2 exposure stage for the bay scallop Argopecten irradians by determining the effects on bay scallops of exposure to high CO2 (pCO2 ~2600 ppm, pH ~7.30) from fertilization to 7 d old. To assess the possibility of persistent effects of exposure during fertilization, further treatments included switches from high CO2 to ambient CO2 (pCO2 ~480 ppm, pH ~7.96) and from ambient CO2 to high CO2 at 2 h post-fertilization. Survival of larvae decreased significantly when they were fertilized in high CO2. A switch in CO2 conditions 2 h post-fertilization did not change this effect, suggesting that the critical exposure window for this survival effect is within the first 2 h. In contrast, CO2 conditions during fertilization did not affect larval shell size, but the switch treatments showed that exposure to high CO2 after 2 h post-fertilization decreased shell size, indicating that the exposure window for a size effect was later in development, possibly during shell calcification. Finally, a shell deformity was seen in scallops with continuous exposure to high CO2 and those switched from ambient CO2 to high CO2 at 2 h post-fertilization. Decreased survival during fertilization and smaller larval shell size due to ocean acidification could ultimately reduce the population size of this commercially important bivalve, which has already seen dramatic population decline due to loss of juvenile habitat.
    Description: This work was funded by a Mellon Joint Initiatives Award to L.S.M. and D.C.M., and awards to L.S.M. and M.M.W. to D.C.M., and to A.L.C. & D.C.M. through NOAA Sea Grant #NA10OAR4170083. M.M.W. was funded through a Na tional Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship through the American Society for Engineering Education.
    Keywords: Ocean acidification ; Bay scallop ; Early development ; Hypercapnia ; Shell development ; Fertilization
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  • 5
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    Nutrient limitation of woody debris decomposition in a tropical forest : contrasting effects of N and P addition (2016)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2015. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of British Ecological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Functional Ecology 30 (2016): 295-304, doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12471.
    Description: Tropical forests represent a major terrestrial store of carbon (C), a large proportion of which is contained in the soil and decaying organic matter. Woody debris plays a key role in forest C dynamics because it contains a sizeable proportion of total forest C. Understanding the factors controlling the decomposition of organic matter in general, and woody debris in particular, is hence critical to assessing changes in tropical C storage. We conducted a factorial fertilization experiment in a tropical forest in South China to investigate the influence of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability on woody debris decomposition using branch segments (5 cm diameter) of four species (Acacia auriculaeformis, Aphanamixis polystachya, Schefflera octophylla, and Carallia brachiata) in plots fertilized with +N, +P, or +NP, and controls. Fertilization with +P and +NP increased decomposition rates by 5–53%, and the magnitude was species specific. Contrary to expectations, we observed no negative effect of +N addition on decay rates or mass loss of woody debris in any of the four study species. Decomposition rates of woody debris were higher in species with lower C : P ratios regardless of treatment. We observed significant accumulation of P in the woody debris of all species in plots fertilized with +P and +NP during the early stages of decomposition. N release from woody debris of Acacia (N-fixing) was greater in the +P plots towards the end of the study, whereas fertilization with +N had no impact on the patterns of nutrient release during decomposition. Synthesis: Our results indicate that decomposition of woody debris is primarily constrained by P availability in this tropical forest. However, contrary to expectations, +N addition did not exacerbate P limitation. It is conceivable that decay rates of woody debris in tropical forests can be predicted by C : P or lignin : P ratios, but additional work with more tree species is needed to determine whether the patterns we observed are more generally applicable.
    Description: Natural Science Foundation of China Grant Number: 31300419; NSFC-Guangdong Joint Project Grant Number: U1131001; National Basic Research Program of China Grant Number: 2011CB403200; Innovation Foundation of Guangdong Forestry Grant Numbers: 2012KJCX013-02, 2014KJCX021-03; Strategic Priority Research Program’ of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Grant Number: XDA05070307
    Description: 2016-06-24
    Keywords: CWD ; Decay ; Deposition ; Fertilization ; Nutrient addition ; Tropical soil ; Fine woody debris
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  • 6
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    Climate and species affect fine root production with long-term fertilization in acidic tussock tundra near Toolik Lake, Alaska (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Springer for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Oecologia 153 (2007): 643-652, doi:10.1007/s00442-007-0753-8.
    Description: Long-term fertilization of acidic tussock tundra has led to changes in plant species composition, increases in aboveground production and biomass and substantial losses of soil organic carbon (SOC). Root litter is an important input to SOC pools, though little is known about fine root demography in tussock tundra. In this study, we examined the response of fine root production and live standing fine root biomass to short- and long-term fertilization, as changes in fine root demography may contribute to observed declines in SOC. Live standing fine root biomass increased with long-term fertilization, while fine root production declined, reflecting replacement of the annual fine root system of Eriophorum vaginatum, with the long-lived fine roots of Betula nana. Fine root production increased in fertilized plots during an unusually warm growing season, but remained unchanged in control plots, consistent with observations that B. nana shows a positive response to climate warming. Calculations based on a few simple assumptions suggest changes in fine root demography with long-term fertilization and species replacement could account for between 20 and 39% of observed declines in SOC stocks.
    Description: This project was supported by National Science Foundation research grants 9810222, 9911681, 0221606 and 0528748.
    Keywords: Betula nana ; Eriophorum vaginatum ; Fertilization ; Fine roots ; Ingrowth cores ; Minirhizotrons ; Soil organic carbon ; Tussock tundra
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  • 7
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    Top-down and bottom-up control of infauna varies across the saltmarsh landscape (2008)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 357 (2008): 20-34, doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2007.12.003.
    Description: Responses of infaunal saltmarsh benthic invertebrates to whole-ecosystem fertilization and predator removal were quantified in Plum Island Estuary, Massachusetts, USA. Throughout a growing season, we enriched an experimental creek on each flooding tide to 70 mM NO3 - and 4 mM PO4 -3 (a 10 x increase in loading above background), and we reduced Fundulus heteroclitus density by 60% in a branch of the fertilized and a reference creek. Macroinfauna and meiofauna were sampled in creek (mudflat and creek wall), marsh edge (tall form Spartina alterniflora) and marsh platform (Spartina patens and stunted S. alterniflora) habitats before and after treatments were begun; responses were tested with BACI-design statistics. Treatment effects were most common in the mid-range of the inundation gradient. Most fertilization effects were on creek wall where ostracod abundance increased, indices of copepod reproduction increased and copepod and annelid communities were altered. These taxa may use epiphytes (that respond rapidly to fertilization) of filamentous algae as a food source. Killifish reduction effects on meiobenthic copepod abundance were detected at the marsh edge and suggest predator limitation. Fish reduction effects on annelids did not suggest top-down regulation in any habitat; however, fish reduction may have stimulated an increased predation rate on annelids by grass shrimp. Interactions between fertilization and fish reduction occurred under S. patens canopy where indirect predator reduction effects on annelids were indicated. No effects were observed in mudflat or stunted S. alterniflora habitats. Although the responses of infauna to fertilization and predator removal were largely independent and of similar mild intensity, our data suggests that the effects of ecological stressors vary across the marsh landscape.
    Description: This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. 0213767 and 9726921.
    Keywords: Saltmarsh gradient ; Fertilization ; Predator removal ; Fundulus heteroclitus ; Macroinfauna ; Meiofauna ; Impact assessment ; Indirect effects
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  • 8
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    Synthesis of iron fertilization experiments : from the Iron Age in the Age of Enlightenment (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 110 (2005): C09S16, doi:10.1029/2004JC002601.
    Description: Comparison of eight iron experiments shows that maximum Chl a, the maximum DIC removal, and the overall DIC/Fe efficiency all scale inversely with depth of the wind mixed layer (WML) defining the light environment. Moreover, lateral patch dilution, sea surface irradiance, temperature, and grazing play additional roles. The Southern Ocean experiments were most influenced by very deep WMLs. In contrast, light conditions were most favorable during SEEDS and SERIES as well as during IronEx-2. The two extreme experiments, EisenEx and SEEDS, can be linked via EisenEx bottle incubations with shallower simulated WML depth. Large diatoms always benefit the most from Fe addition, where a remarkably small group of thriving diatom species is dominated by universal response of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. Significant response of these moderate (10–30 μm), medium (30–60 μm), and large (〉60 μm) diatoms is consistent with growth physiology determined for single species in natural seawater. The minimum level of “dissolved” Fe (filtrate 〈 0.2 μm) maintained during an experiment determines the dominant diatom size class. However, this is further complicated by continuous transfer of original truly dissolved reduced Fe(II) into the colloidal pool, which may constitute some 75% of the “dissolved” pool. Depth integration of carbon inventory changes partly compensates the adverse effects of a deep WML due to its greater integration depths, decreasing the differences in responses between the eight experiments. About half of depth-integrated overall primary productivity is reflected in a decrease of DIC. The overall C/Fe efficiency of DIC uptake is DIC/Fe ∼ 5600 for all eight experiments. The increase of particulate organic carbon is about a quarter of the primary production, suggesting food web losses for the other three quarters. Replenishment of DIC by air/sea exchange tends to be a minor few percent of primary CO2 fixation but will continue well after observations have stopped. Export of carbon into deeper waters is difficult to assess and is until now firmly proven and quite modest in only two experiments.
    Description: This research was supported by the European Union through programs CARUSO (1998– 2001), IRONAGES (1999 –2003), and COMET (2000–2003); the Netherlands- Bremen Oceanography program NEBROC-1; and the Netherlands Organization for Research NWO through the Netherlands Antarctic Program project FePath. Both the U.S. National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy provided significant support for the SOFeX program. M.R.L. acknowledges the U.S. National Science Foundation for support of IronEx and SOFeX projects and related studies (OCE-9912230, -9911765, and -0322074).
    Keywords: Iron ; Fertilization ; Phytoplankton
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  • 9
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    Revisiting the role of H+ in chemotactic signaling of sperm (2008)
    Rockefeller University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © 2004 Solzin et al. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License. The definitive version was published in Journal of General Physiology 124 (2004): 115-124, doi:10.1085/jgp.200409030.
    Description: Chemotaxis of sperm is an important step toward fertilization. During chemotaxis, sperm change their swimming behavior in a gradient of the chemoattractant that is released by the eggs, and finally sperm accumulate near the eggs. A well established model to study chemotaxis is the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata. Resact, the chemoattractant of Arbacia, is a peptide that binds to a receptor guanylyl cyclase. The signaling pathway underlying chemotaxis is still poorly understood. Stimulation of sperm with resact induces a variety of cellular events, including a rise in intracellular pH (pHi) and an influx of Ca2+; the Ca2+ entry is essential for the chemotactic behavior. Previous studies proposed that the influx of Ca2+ is initiated by the rise in pHi. According to this proposal, a cGMP-induced hyperpolarization activates a voltage-dependent Na+/H+ exchanger that expels H+ from the cell. Because some aspects of the proposed signaling pathway are inconsistent with recent results (Kaupp, U.B., J. Solzin, J.E. Brown, A. Helbig, V. Hagen, M. Beyermann, E. Hildebrand, and I. Weyand. 2003. Nat. Cell Biol. 5:109–117), we reexamined the role of protons in chemotaxis of sperm using kinetic measurements of the changes in pHi and intracellular Ca2+ concentration. We show that for physiological concentrations of resact (〈25 pM), the influx of Ca2+ precedes the rise in pHi. Moreover, buffering of pHi completely abolishes the resact-induced pHi signal, but leaves the Ca2+ signal and the chemotactic motor response unaffected. We conclude that an elevation of pHi is required neither to open Ca2+-permeable channels nor to control the chemotactic behavior. Intracellular release of cGMP from a caged compound does not cause an increase in pHi, indicating that the rise in pHi is induced by cellular events unrelated to cGMP itself, but probably triggered by the consumption and subsequent replenishment of GTP. These results show that the resact-induced rise in pHi is not an obligatory step in sperm chemotactic signaling. A rise in pHi is also not required for peptide-induced Ca2+ entry into sperm of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Speract, a peptide of S. purpuratus may act as a chemoattractant as well or may serve functions other than chemotaxis.
    Description: This work was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
    Keywords: Ca2+ ; Chemotaxis ; Cyclic nucleotides ; Fertilization ; Kinetics
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  • 10
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    Differential responses of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria to long-term fertilization in a New England salt marsh (2013)
    Frontiers Media
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Frontiers in Aquatic Microbiology 3 (2013): 445, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2012.00445.
    Description: Since the discovery of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), new questions have arisen about population and community dynamics and potential interactions between AOA and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). We investigated the effects of long-term fertilization on AOA and AOB in the Great Sippewissett Marsh, Falmouth, MA, USA to address some of these questions. Sediment samples were collected from low and high marsh habitats in July 2009 from replicate plots that received low (LF), high (HF), and extra high (XF) levels of a mixed NPK fertilizer biweekly during the growing season since 1974. Additional untreated plots were included as controls (C). Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the amoA genes revealed distinct shifts in AOB communities related to fertilization treatment, but the response patterns of AOA were less consistent. Four AOB operational taxonomic units (OTUs) predictably and significantly responded to fertilization, but only one AOA OTU showed a significant pattern. Betaproteobacterial amoA gene sequences within the Nitrosospira-like cluster dominated at C and LF sites, while sequences related to Nitrosomonas spp. dominated at HF and XF sites. We identified some clusters of AOA sequences recovered primarily from high fertilization regimes, but other clusters consisted of sequences recovered from all fertilization treatments, suggesting greater physiological diversity. Surprisingly, fertilization appeared to have little impact on abundance of AOA or AOB. In summary, our data reveal striking patterns for AOA and AOB in response to long-term fertilization, and also suggest a missing link between community composition and abundance and nitrogen processing in the marsh.
    Description: This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation award DEB-0814586 (to Anne E. Bernhard). Additional support was provided by the George and Carol Milne Endowment at Connecticut College.
    Keywords: AmoA ; TRFLP ; Great Sippewissett Marsh ; Fertilization ; Salt marsh
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  • 11
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    Effect of different salinity level on spawning, fertilization, hatching and survival of common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) in semi-artificial environment (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26005 | 18721 | 2018-10-19 18:22:48 | 26005 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The effects of various salinity levels among (0‰, 5‰, 10‰, 15‰, and 20‰) for successful breeding of common carp, Cyprinus carpio were investigated. The duration of study was 75 days. Ripe broodstock (30) having a mean weight (male 1027±2.4g and female 1084.8±23g) were selected and stocked into spawning tanks (2000 L). The ratio among male and female was 2:1. They were fed with commercial floating pelleted feed having 35% crude protein with 2% body weight twice a day. Broodstock were injected with ovaprim hormone 0.5 mg kg^-1 female and male 0.2 mg kg^-1 respectively, after successful spawning broodstock were removed from spawning tanks. The results showed that the highest fecundity, fertility, hatchability and survival of fry were obtained on salinity of 0‰ to 10‰ and significantly decreased on 15‰ and 20‰. The eggs per gram body weight were also recorded in all treatments and highest eggs were obtained, i.e. 45-60 per female on salinity of 0‰-10‰. Water temperature (22.4±0.2°C), dissolved oxygen (6.5±0.2 mg L^-1), pH (7.2±0.2) and ammonia (less than 0.03±0.06 mg L^-1) were monitored throughout the study period. Water quality parameters remained within the recommended range. Our results suggest that common carp, C. carpio may give maximum eggs up to 10 ‰ salinity with 81% survival of the fry.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Pakistan ; Common carp ; Breeding ; Ovaprim ; Salinity ; Semi-natural ; Spawning ; Fertilization ; Hatching ; Survival ; Cyprinus carpio
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  • 12
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    Brood production of Barbus xanthopterus by fingerling rearing (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25275 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:56:56 | 25275 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study has been carried out to determine the possibility of producing Gattan fish (Barbus xanthopterus) brooders in captivity condition. For this reason during in year 2004-2005, 600 specimen of Gattan in three pond and in 2008, from two local point shilat and research center, 200 specimen in two ponds were placed. The area of each pond was 1800 square meters. In the first period of rearing, total weight and total length of nearly two years old brooders reached to 989 g and 44 cm respectively. All of the fishes were male (except one case) and they had become mature. In second rearing period, 27 percent of shilat specimens and 42 percent of research center specimens were female. In 22 months old fishes, the males and females of shilat specimens reached to mean weight 716 and 658 g and mean length 382 and 365 cm respectively. Also, the male and females of research center specimens reached to mean weight was 1195 and 11064 g and mean length 443 and 425 cm respectively, when they were 22 months old. The absolute and specific growth rate in two rearing periods showed ascending trend and the 100 percent of brooders were survived. The male fishes were matured in 2 years old and the mature female fishes were not observed. The brooders response to pituitary extract in research center specimens was found to be more than shilat specimens.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Rearing ; Gattan ; Maturity ; Sex ratio ; Fertilization ; Hatching ; Fecundity ; Survivor ; Brood production ; Barbus xanthopterus ; Fingerling ; Specimen
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  • 13
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    Effect of synthetic and algal astaxanthin on the reproduction efficiency and growth of larval stage in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25349 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:19:02 | 25349 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This research was done in a trout farm in Kohkiloyeh and Boyer- Ahmad province. The main object of this study was comparing of two sources of astaxanthin (synthetic or algae) in feed on reproduction efficiency of rainbow trout and some indices of egg quality. Therefore, it was considered 7 groups consisting 6 treatments of two different astaxanthin sources and a control (without astaxanthin). So, algal astaxanthin (haematococcus pluvialis) in the three levels of 2.67, 3.55 and 8gr/kg food (T1,T2, T3) and synthetic source in three levels of 40, 80 and 120mg/kg food in diet (T4, T5, T6) examined on 140 trout broods (3-4 years) for 4 months, before the spawning season. Reproduction efficiency analyzed through reproduction indices such as egg diameter, fecundity, fertilization, survival, hatching and eyed egg rates. Significant difference between treatments in terms of fecundity, eyed eggs rate and the number of eggs per gram was observed (P 〈0.05). Although in some factors such as diameter, egg weight per body and fertilization rate, no significant differences was observed. By increasing level of astaxanthin in both sources of algal and synthetic, hatching and eyed egg rates increased, but the effect of alga source on these indices was more perfect. Considering the results, the best result related to treatment of 8 gr/kg alga (T3). Observations during this research indicated no disease and mortality and also proper coloration and freshness of fishes. There was significant differences on blood factors (P 〈0.05). The broods were fed with algal astaxanthin had lower blood sugar. concentration of cholesterol was decressed alog with increasing in both the source of astaxanthin, however lower cholesterol relaed to algal astaxanthin. Total serum protein increased in treatments containing algal from 2.67 to 8 g/kg of astaxanthin. Increase in level of astaxanthin from 40 to 80 mg/kg, albumin increased and from 80 to 120 mg/kg, it was decreased. The changes in serum globulin treatments containing synthetic was not regular. Overall the results asserted that the application of astaxanthin improves reproduction performance of rainbow trout. It also concluded that natural astaxanthin (Haematococcus pluvialis) for the reason that contains supplementary nutritious, is extraordinary preferable than synthetic astaxanthin to improve reproductions indices and egg quality of rainbow trout.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Kohkiloyeh and Boyer- Ahmad province ; Rainbow trout ; Astaxanthin ; Haematococcus pluvialis ; Reproduction efficiency ; Larval stage ; Broods health ; Synthetic ; Algal astaxanthin ; Growth ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Eggs ; Spawning ; Fecundity ; Fertilization
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  • 14
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    Feeding investigations of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fingerlings with emphasis on dominant phytoplanktons (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25368 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:27:22 | 25368 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In order to study phytopague fingerlings feeding in fish ponds, simultaneously to the beginning of warm season and cultivation, fingerlings of 3-5 gr from 4 ponds in Mazandaran province were captured, fixed with formalin, then transferred to the plankton determination laboratory of Caspian sea ecologic institute. Based on carried out studies on the first and the end party of their intestine and the pond water, phytophague fingerlings feeds on phytoplankton, zooplankton and detritus. But the essential nutrition was on phytoplankton and detritus. Planktonic groups were formed of Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta and Euglenophyta. But in addition to these four groups Pyrophyta was present in fish pond water. Relative abundance of these nutrient organisms in water and intestine was different. Also in most cases a direct relation was observed between the intensity of water organisms and intestine ingredients. Based on this study, essential differences of digestion were observed following to the source of nutrition and the most difference were considered in digestion of Chrysophytes, Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta. Base on the results of this study we propose to make more studies on fertilization and the proportion of different fertilizers in fish ponds in order to obtain easily digestible phytoplankton thus increase in fish exploitation.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian sea ; Mazandaran province ; Silver carp fry ; Nutrition ; Phytoplanktons ; Zooplanktons ; Chrysophyta ; Cyanophyta ; Clorophyta ; Pyrophyta ; Euglenophyta ; Feeding ; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ; Fingerlings ; Fertilization
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  • 15
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    Artificial spawning and fingerling culturing of European Catfish (Silurus glanis L. 1758) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25191 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:30:30 | 25191 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The present study was conducted to survey the artificial spawning of European catfish (Silurus glanis L.) by synthetic hormones include Carp pituitary extract (CPE), Ovo fact [D-Ala6 des Gly10] GnRHa Ethyl amid in combination with domperidone diluted in propylene glycol, Human gonadotropin chryonic hormone (HCG) and LHRHa (des-Gly10, [D-Ala6] LH-RH Ethyl amide). In this research work 44 male and 72 female brood stokes that transferred to the Shaheed Dr Ansari hatchery and Sefid rod research station were studied on 2 years and injected with those stimulated maturation. Total length, total weight, gonad weight were measured to the nearest 0.1 cm, 1g and 0.01g respectively. The experiments were conducted using different doses of hormones on 4 treatments. In treatment CPE that brood stocks injected with 2.5, 3, 4 and 5 mg/kg/BW, the most responded (83.33%) was with 5mg/kg/Bw of CPE. The mean fertilization in this treatment was 92.5 4.51 and after that there are groups which were stimulated by 4 mg/kg/BW of CPE .In treatment ovafact that brood fish were injected by 10, 20, 30, 40 μg/kg/BW of this stimulation hormone showed 100 percent of fish ovulated in the group treated with 40 μg/kg/BW of ovofact. The mean fertilization rate was 86.08 6.27 in this group. 33.3 % of brood fish ovulated in the group that injected with 40 μg/kg/BW of LHRHa stimulation, but none of brood stock reached to spawning with injection of 30 μg/kg/BW of LHRHa. The brood stocks were injected by 800, 850, 900, 950 IU/kg/BW of HCG, only 33.3 percent of fish in groups that received 900 & 950 IU/kg/BW of this Stimulation hormone reached to spawning stages. According to our results and statistical analysis between trial treatments in percent of Embryo viability showed significant difference (P〈0.05) between HCG treatment with Ovofact and CPE groups. This results indicates that embryo viability was better in CPE and Ovofact rate to LHRHa and HCG treatments. In the other cases include the working fecundity, fertilization percent, latency period of maturation, latency period of incubation eggs and ratio of weigh stripped egg to body weight did not show any significant difference (P〈0.05) in experimental treatments for stripping the male brood stock of European catfish were injected by 3,4,5 mg/kg/BW of CPE, but not one of male brood fish didn’t reaches to stripping stage , so for eggs fertilization were used of milt from macerated Testes of dead males. So in anther experiment the male brood fish were injected by 5 mg/kg/BW CPE repeatedly at once every 5 days for Period 20 day’s period and milt were collected from of all of the males.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Silurus glanis ; Artificial propagation ; CPE ; Ova fact ; HCG ; LHRHa ; Spawning ; Hormones ; Carp ; Maturation ; Brood stocks ; Fecundity ; Fertilization ; European Catfish ; Fingerling
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  • 16
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    Propagation and stock enhancement of silver pomfret (Pamus argenteus) in the north west of Persian Gulf (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25359 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:37:31 | 25359 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted in the Persian Gulf (Coastal waters of Khuzestan province) from March 2009 to April 2010. The 237 specimen of Silver pomfert P. argenteus collected. Maximum of mature brooders at Jun and maximum of hatched eggs obtained at same month. Artificial fertilization was successful. Absolut fecundity was between 19000 to 38000.maximum of hatch was 51 percent. Maximum of fertilization was 32 percent and continued development of larvae to 35 days. Average of fertilized eggs was 1.1 mm. newly hatched larvae were 2.2 to 2.4 mm. The all Silver Pomfret larvae were dead at prude 35 days gently. Suppose n enhancement phase wasn't performed.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Khuzestan province ; Artificial reproduction ; Pampus argentus ; Larvae rearing ; Eggs hatch ; Specimen ; Silver pomfert ; P.argenteus ; Mature ; Brooders ; Artificial fertilization ; Fecundity ; Fertilization
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  • 17
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    Creating a sperm bank from sturgeon brood stocks in the south Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25397 | 18721 | 2018-09-20 11:42:43 | 25397 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Sturgeon stocks are drastically decreasing in Caspian Sea during recent decades. This project has been proposed to collect the excess sperm of Caspian Sea Southern part sturgeon breeders, to cryopreserve and hold them for further use. During two spawning seasons (2006-2007), sperm quality and quantity analysis were conducted on 34 different male sturgeons of which 12 Persian sturgeon, 4 stellate sturgeon, 1 beluga and 1 ship sturgeon with better quality were chosen to cryopreserve. After dilution of fresh sperm with sturgeon sperm diluent (115 mM Tris, 23.4 mM sucrose and 15% DMSO) at the ratio of 1:1, the 0.5 ml straws were filled using special filling and sealing apparatus and frozen with a multi step freezing rate. To access the further quality and fertilization test, samples were thawed at 40 °C for 20 seconds. During the project performance, 1010 ml of Persian sturgeon sperm , 110 ml of ship sturgeon sperm , 90 ml of stellate and 80 ml of beluga sperm were cryopreserved. The reduction of frozen-thawed sperm motility in comparison with fresh samples showed 10-52.3 % decrease, but there was not any significant differences between samples after 7 months preservation in liquid Nitrogen (P 〈 0.005). River caught Persian sturgeon samples showed higher sperm density in comparison with nonriverine breeders (P 〈 0.05). Data showed that stellate sturgeon sperm showed better resistance to freezing condition in comparison with Persian sturgeon spermatozoa. Fertilization tests (4 hours after fertilization) showed 27.4% and 58.2% fertilization rate in frozen-thawed stellate and Persian sturgeon spermatozoa, respectively.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Spermatozoa ; Cryopreservation ; Percentage of motility ; Sperm bank ; Sturgeon ; Brood stocks ; Spawning ; Fertilization ; Samples ; Density
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  • 18
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    Determination of optimum dosage of Ovaprim injectionon artificial spawning efficiency of Esox lucius (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25530 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 15:55:00 | 25530 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This project was conducted to goal of optimum dosage determination of ovaprim injection to artificial spawning efficiency of Esox lucius. The research implemented by 4 treatments with 3 replicates for each ones. 3 female and 6 male brooders injected in each replicate. The animals in 1, 2 and 3 treatments injected by 10, 20 and 30 µg/kg BW, respectively, and 4th treatment as a control injected with 4 mg/kg BW pituitary gland extract. Average weight of brooders were 1361±521, 1376±954, 1009±160 and 1100 ±422 g in 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatments in females and 689±145, 734±197, 547±118 and 794±238 g in males, respectively. In addition, positive response percent to hormone injection were measured 77.8 ±19.24 , 88.9 ± 19.24 , 55.5 ±50.91 and 55.5 ± 19.24 % in 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatments in female and 94.4 ± 9.58, 88.9 ±19.26 , 83.3±28.86 and 88.9 ± 19.26 % in male brooders, respectively, but there was no significant different between all of treatments (p〈0.05). Incubation period from fertilization till hatching step in 7 to 15 ˚C was 5 to 10 days with average of 7±1.5 days. Fertilization content was in 1 to 4 treatments measured 87.1±10, 88.04±7.7, 83.9±5.2 and 72.4±19.7 %, respectively and also the treatments didn’t show any different significantly together (p〈0.05). Average percentage of eyed eggs 66.6±15.9 in treat 1, 61.2±22.3 in treat 2, 58.3±10.7 in treat 3 and 56.1±15.04 in treat 4, without any significant different between of them (p〈0.05). Hatching of eggs mean were measured 27.41±19.8 in treat 1, 39.53±26.9 in treat 2, 95.18±5.6 in treat 3 and 26.78±12.4 in treat 4, and significant different observed between of them too (p〈0.05).In the other hand, mean percent of larvae with active feeding in these treatments were measured 18.77±14.6, 20.1±8.51, 55.6±11.6 and 14.51±7.72 as the treatments had significant different (p〈0.05). Also, the best temperature and dosage injection of ovaprim hormone was 9 to 12.5 ˚C and 20µg/kg BW, respectively. The end of trial, from 103740 larvae introduced to earthen pond obtained 8000 fingerlings with weight of 2.68±0.6 g and length of 6.96±0.51 cm.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Esox Lucius ; Reproduction ; Spawning ; Ovaprim Injection ; Fecundations ; Hatching ; Brooders ; Females ; Males ; Fertilization ; Hormone ; Larvae ; Earthen pond ; Fingerlings
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  • 19
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    An investigation on possibility of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feminization under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25574 | 18721 | 2018-10-06 12:10:40 | 25574 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of different doses of oral diethylstilbestrol (DES) on feminization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) larvae under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh fisheries research center. This Experiment was comprised of two control groups in two replicates and two experimental ones in three replicates. At the beginning of the trial, a number of 2150 larvae were randomly distributed among 10 replicates that were under treatment for 45 days. The diets in two control groups, i.e. non-treated, C1, and ethanol treated feed, C2, and the ones in two experimental groups, i.e. 200 and 400 mg DES/k of feed, E1 and E2, were administrated to 7 day post fertilization (dpf) larvae for a period of 35 days and then until day 45, the larvae were fed with ordinary feed. At the end of the trial, the gender ratio of larvae in different groups was determined by squash test in 50 randomly selected individuals from each replicate. The results showed no significant differences for gender ratios within control groups (respective male to female ratio in C1 and C2 was 47:53 and 57:43). However, the corresponding ratios within experimental ones, fed with 200 and 400 mg DES/k of feed respectively, was significantly different (P〈0.05). Noteworthy that the percent of females between two experimental groups (E1 and E2) was not significantly different (70.0 and 64.7 respectively) but it was significantly different with ratios in experimental groups (P〈0.05). The total body length and live body weight were determined at the begging and then at day 30 and 45, it was randomly measured in 20 larvae from each replicate. At the beginning of the experiment, the mean body weight and total length of larvae was 0.012 gram and 1.03 centimeter respectively. The respective averages at day 30 and 45 were significantly different among groups (P〈0.05). Survival rate was significantly different among groups (P〈0.05), being highest in E1 and E2 respectively whereas lowest in control ones (56.51 and 58.84 in C1 and C2 respectively).
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Bafgh ; Nile tilapia ; Feminization ; Diethylstilbestrol ; Brackish Water ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Fisheries ; Fertilization ; Larvae ; Females ; Survival rate
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  • 20
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    Preliminary study on induction of triploidy in Benni (Barbus sharpeyi) by thermal shocks (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25625 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:59:50 | 25625 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Barbus sharpeyi is a local fish of Khouzestan that is planned to be a target for aquaculture in recent programs of fisheries organization. Considering importance of this species in its dispersal region, the main goal of this project was evaluation of possibility for triploidy induction and its potential in response to the heat shocks, efficiency of viability and growth and finally reporting the best condition for triploidy induction in Benny. Induction of thermal shocks was executed in for cold and heat shocks (2 and 4°C for cold and 34, 36 and 38°C for heat). Time of induction and its duration varied between 2 and 5 minutes after the fertilization for 3 and 5 minutes. Each treatment was repeated for 3 times. The ploidy level was determined based on size of nucleus diameters in erythrocytes. Analysis of data was done by SPSS (ver. 16) using T-test and ANOVA method. Results showed that the maximum number of triploid individuals was obtained in treatment of 38°C, 2 min after the fertilization by duration of 3 minutes but as the condition was not suitable for the viability of the eggs, losses of the larvae was high in this group. The best efficiency of triploidization in B. sharpeyi belongs to the 34°C, 2 to 5 minutes after the fertilization for duration of 5 minutes. Nuclear dimensions showed an increase in triploids and confirmed that this characteristic can be used as a reliable factor to distinguish polyploidy. Results of this study showed that B. sharpeyi has the ability for polyploidy inductions specially heat shocks. Evaluation of growth in matured fishes, use of proper tagging systems to distinguish the treatments and designing a plan for bioconserving and genetic improvement of this species is recommended.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Khouzestan Province ; Triploidy ; Benni ; Barbus sharpeyi ; Thermal shocks ; Species ; Growth ; Fertilization ; ANOVA ; Bio conserving ; Genetic
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  • 21
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    Gynogenesis in Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) and beluga (Huso huso) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25294 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 08:21:17 | 25294 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The objective of the present study was to determine the possible production of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) and Beluga (Huso huso) gynogen/triploids and also to determine the most appropriate type of thermal shock and the duration of induced shock after fertilization. Persian sturgeon and Beluga spawners were collected from Guilan's sturgeon catch stations and transported to the Shahid Beheshti sturgeon hatchery for artificial breeding and restocking programs. Ovulated eggs and sperms were collected based on common procedures in hatcheries. In order to separate the seminal fluids and dilute the milts, sperms were centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 20 min. and seminal fluids stored in refrigerator for further use. Sperm motility was investigated. In order to determine the best duration for radiation, the milt was diluted (1:9) with immobilizing solution. Samples of diluted milt were placed for UV irradiation (UV lamp model UVG-54, 254 nm, made by UVP America) for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 1.45, 2, to 5 min. The motility of radiated sperms and controls were examined under the light microscope and the motility curve was drawn. For application of thermal shock two types of heat shock (32, 34 and 37°C) and cold shock (0±1°C) were used for duration of 2.5 and 60 min respectively. Both thermal shock were applied at 12, 15, 18 min after fertilization. Four experimental groups were designed including; normal eggs as control group and sperms without UV thermal shock), gynogenesis (Sperm irradiated with UV and thermal shock were applied), triploid (thermal shock without radiation by UV on sperm) and haploid group (without thermal shock but using irradiated sperm for fertilization). Verification of the success of treatments was assessed using genetic analysis on sturgeon larvae and fingerlings. In triploids the total surface area, volume of cells and nucleus as well as chromosome number were determined. To identify a gynogenetic larva, microsatellite markers were used to analysis specific loci by using primers designed for lake sturgeon. The results were analyzed using SPSS, Excell software. To determine the significant levels between various parameters and comparison between controls and various treatments, one way of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used. Whenever the significant level was observed to determine its level a Duncan test were examined. Results of present study showed that the best duration for UV radiation on sperms of Beluga was 105-110 seconds. Average fertilization rate for control Beluga was 51%, while in heat shock group it was 2-5 % and in cold shock it was 44.6%. There was a significant difference in fertilization rate in cold shock group compared to heat shock group (P〈0.05), however no difference was observed between 32 and 34°C treatments. The average survival rate of larvae in control group was 51%, while in heat shock treatment (32 and 34°C) it was very low close to zero. However in cold shock treatment the results was better and hatching percentage of larvae was between 30 -35%. Triploid treatment showed better results than gynogenesis group. A minimum triploid larvae obtained from heat shock was zero but using cold shock, the maximum number of 170 specimen was harvested. There was no significant difference in the number of larvae obtained between 32 and 34° C treatments (P〈0.05). Although some difference was observed on large and small axes, surface areas and volume of red blood cells but no significant differences were observed between control and triploid groups (P 0.05). In the meantime, the chromosome number in triploid beluga was (3N=177±3) as compared to diploid 2N= 118±3, which indicated an extra set of chromosome (n=60) in triploid fish. Totally 26.6% of investigated fish was triploids. Microsatellite molecular markers clearly differentiate gynogenetic fish on the bases of allele inheritance of male and female parents, and were proven that this technique can clearly identify allelic inheritance of parents to offspring. In Persian sturgeon in compare to beluga a different results were observed. Heat shock (37°C) not present any positive results therefore has no application in induce gynogenesis on this species, also no significant difference was observed between 32 and 34°C treatment. Cold shock showed better results, especially when duration of UV radiation was adjusted to 105 seconds. Molecular analysis using microsatellite marker positively proved the gynogenetic offspring by counting the allelic inheritance. However Persian sturgeon as a tetraploid species (2N=240) has its difficulty on scoring the banding patterns. We highly recommend disomic primers application for allelic inheritance on gynogene Persian sturgeon.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Persian sturgeon ; Beluga ; Gynogenesis ; Triploids ; Chromosome manipulation ; Huso huso ; Fertilization ; Motility ; Sperm ; ANOVA ; Survival rate ; Species ; Larvae ; Blood cells
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  • 22
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    Effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, body composition and biological and reproductive performances of adult yellow fin sea bream, Acanthopagrus latus (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25314 | 18721 | 2018-09-11 09:05:03 | 25314 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: A study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, feed utilization and reproductive performance and biochemical composition of Acanthopagrus latus broodstock. Nine diets representing a combination of three protein levels (40, 50 and 60%) and three lipid levels (15, 20 and 25%) were tested with three replicates in 1140 L cylindrical tanks. Each replicate was stocked with 10 fish with a sex ratio of 1:1 and the average weights were 415g and 236g for females and males respectively. Fish were fed to satiation, twice daily. The growth of females was not significantly affected (P 〉0.05) protein and lipid levels but growth of males was significantly affected (P〈0.05) by dietary protein and lipid levels. Except of protein and lipid efficiency ratios, feed utilization performances of A. latus broodstock was significantly influenced by dietary protein and lipid levels. Reproductive performances of A. latus broodstock was significantly affected by dietary protein and lipid levels, except of buoyant eggs and fertilization rate percentages. Egg dimension, hatchling and 3 day-old larvae were significantly (P〈0.05) affected by dietary protein and lipid levels. Body crude protein and lipid concentration were significantly (P〈0.05) affected by dietary protein and lipid levels. Protein and lipid concentration of newly hatch and 3 day post hatching larvae varied significantly (P〈0.05), whereas only the crude lipid content of the egg varied significantly (P〈0.05) with the change of dietary protein and lipid levels. The ratio essential amino acid to non-essential amino acid of carcass, egg, newly hatched and 3 days post hatching larvae were significantly influenced by dietary protein and lipid levels. Fatty acid profile of carcass, liver, egg, hatchling and 3 days post hatching larvae was generally affected by dietary protein and lipid levels. The present study revealed that the best biological and reproductive performance of Acanthopagrus latus broodstock could be achieved at 60% dietary protein and 20% dietary lipid concentration.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Yellowfin Seabream ; Protein ; Lipid ; Brooder ; Dietary ; Growth ; Body composition ; Adult ; Acanthopagrus latus ; Feed utilization ; Acanthopagrus ; Broodstock ; Males ; Females ; A. latus ; Fertilization ; Egg dimension ; Larvae
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  • 23
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    Cryopreservation of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) semen (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25512 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 15:26:26 | 25512 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Breeding has moved beyond the point of simply propagating random stock. Genetic potential can be improved by establishing and crossing genetically defined strains, crossing species and manipulating gametes. Some of these activities require cryopreservation of semen. Cryopreserved sperm could also be a means of exchange of genetic material between locations and populations when transportation of live fish is restricted. In this study we had a survey on rainbow trout sperm quality in Genetic and Breeding Center for Coldwatwr Fishes, Shahid Motahari, Yasouj. Then Cryopreservation trials on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm were carried out using six basic extenders. Egg batches of 25 g were inseminated with semen frozen in five 0.5-ml straws. Thowing temperature of cryopreserved sperm also was tested. In anather trial we investigate different cryoprotectant. The result showd that the best period for sperm collection in this center was from Novamber to January. The best extender based on sperm motility parameters were extender 2 and 1 with 57.2 and 56.9% fertilisatin rates, respectively. So this two extender were used in the further experiments. The best thowing temperathre was 25°C in 30s. Testing different cryoprotectant, adding 10% methanol to extender 1 gave the highest fertilization rate (64.6%) among cryoprotectant that used with this extender. In the other extender (2) adding 5% DMSO and mixture of 5% DMSO and 1% glycerol gave the highest fertilization rates (64.8% and 67.0%, respectively). In conclusion using extender 1 and 2 with mentioned cryoprotectant and thowing rate of 25°C in 30 s was recammended for rainbow trout sperm cryopreservation.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Yasouj ; Sperm cryopreservation ; Rainbow trout ; Extender ; Cryoprotectant ; Onchorhynchus mykiss ; Breeding ; Genetic ; Coldwater ; Temperature ; Fertilization
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  • 24
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    Investigation on propagation of Sparidentex hasta (sobaity) in spawning tanks and rearing of larvae up to fingerling (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25086 | 18721 | 2018-08-23 05:24:47 | 25086 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In order to achieve biotechnic normative of Sobaity Sparidentex hasta propagation and its fries rearing, 96 brood stocks were caught by using hook from Bandar Imam and Mahshahr creeks. For natural spawning, at first stage some selected broodstocks (sex ratio 2:1 & 1:1 male to female) were directly introduced to spawning tanks. In this method eggs were absorbed and spawning was not occured. For artificial spawning (natural spawning with hormone injection): At second stage for males, in one step, 40 g kg-1 and 200 Iu kg-1 body weight and for females, in two steps, 75 g kg-1 and 500 Iu kg-1 LRHa & HCG hormones were injected. After introducing broodstocks to 40- tone oval tanks, spawning occurred only in female and also some injected broodstocks were spawned artificially and all obtained larvae died after four days. At third stage 6 g kg-1 and 1000 Iu kg-1 body weight of PG and HCG hormones were injected to broodstock respectively. HCG hormone injected in two steps (1/2 dose each stop in 24 hours duration). Metoclopramide was used at the first step and PG hormone injected with second step of HCG coincidentally. In this method spawning, fertilization and fry production occurred. The results indicated that sobaity, with hormone injection is able to spawn at 12-19 c (which is available in Khouzestan in March). The time of hatching was 42-50 hours, absorption of larvae Yolk sac 96-120 hours. The size of one- day- larvae was 1.4- 1.7mm and 65-day- fry was 24mm.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Khouzestan Province ; Bandar Imam ; Mahshahr creeks ; PG ; HCG ; LRHa ; Fries ; Rearing ; Brood stock ; Spawning ; Sex ratio ; Hormone ; Metochlopramide ; Fertilization ; Hatching ; Larvae ; Sparidentex hasta ; Sobaity ; Investigation ; Propagation ; Fingerling
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    Cryopreservation of sperm in Acipenser nudiventris, Huso huso, Acipenser stellatus and Acipenser persicus in the breeding season (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25097 | 18721 | 2018-08-22 07:19:46 | 25097 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Considering decrease in total catch of sturgeon & threat of extinction in their stocks, special measures might be adopted. Sperm cryopreservation is one of the suitable methods to prepare bank of frozen gamete for future use in artificial breeding in order to prohibit extinction of sturgeon stocks. This study carried out on 27 male sturgeon during 2001-2004. The investigated sturgeon include 12 male Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus), 7 male Acipenser stellatus, 5 male Acipenser nudiventris and 3 male Huso huso. Sperm Collected from spawners in Shahid Beheshti & Shahid Marjani sturgeon rearing & propagation Complex in Rasht & Gorgan. The Sperm which was collected from Shahid Marjani propagation complex placed in the sealed Vessels & transferred by coleman in near zero temperature to cryopreservation laboratory of international sturgeon research institute for further investigation. In this study, the sperm was diluted in ratio 1:1 in two culture media containing dimethyl sulfoxide & glycerol (BC) and the samples stored in 1 ml insulin syringe & 0.5 ml Piot. The diluted sperm froze in a special temperature by automated freezer model 5300 (France IMV). Three phases applied to freeze the samples which are as follow: 1- Begin to freeze from +50c to -100c (30c /min) 2- From 10 0c to 70 0c (20 0c /min) 3- From 70 0c to 130 0c (25 0c /min) after freezing, the samples placed in liquid nitrogen containers with 196 0c temperature. For thawing, the sperm samples took out of liquid nitrogen & placed in water 40 0c. Then motility percent & the sperm quality investigated under 400x microscope. According to the results the mean motility percentage of fresh sperm in Persian sturgeon, Acipenser Stellatus, Acipenser nudiventris and Huso huso was 84, 73.75, 67.5 and 76.66, respectively. The mean percentage of motility in frozen sperm which placed in media containing dimethyl sulfoxide was 32, 37.5, 40 and 20%, respectively. Also, the frozen samples that preserved in BC media (Biociphus) showed 5.2, 75.25, 4.11 and 2.66% motility, respectively. In blank group, the mean fertilization percent of eggs was 90, 72, 71.25 and 90%, respectively. In the treatment group applying frozen sperm in culture media containing dimetlylsulfoxide, the mean fertilization rate was 30, 6.5, 25.39 and 4.75%. Furthermore, no fertilization (0.0%) observed using frozen sperm stored in Biociphus culture media containing glycerol. There was no significant difference in fertilization percent comparing the two storage places (syringe & Piot). According to investigations the culture media containing dimethyl sulfoxide, is a suitable diluter for sturgeon sperm. So, the Cryopreservation technique can be used to preserve the sturgeon sperm for future fertilization & through this way we can prevent extinction of sturgeon stocks.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Rasht ; Gorgan ; Cryopreservation ; Sperm ; Acipenser nudiventris ; Huso huso ; Acipenser stellatus ; Acipenser persicus ; Breeding ; Sturgeon ; Temperature ; Motility ; Fertilization ; Spermatozoa ; Freezing
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    Study of possibility of reproduction and mass culture of Nereis diversicolor (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25127 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 13:33:35 | 25127 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The present study was firstly conducted to study the rate of sexual maturity in Nereis diversicolor under suitable conditions of temperature and photoperiod. The second objective was to determine the potential of artificial breeding in these worms for mass culture. Nereis diversicolor worms were collected from the Anzali lagoon in 4000 sampling operations during the year’s 2004 to 2006 using Ekman grab with a surface area of 400 cm2. The water salinity, temperature and total organic matter (TOM) of sediments in the sampling region was recorded. The worms were maintained in 0.5 tons (1 x 1 m^2) tanks containing clayey-muddy sediment to a height of 20 cm covered with 10 cm water (5 ‰) until they reached a weight of 200-300 mg. Sexual maturity in this species was attained at 4-6 ºC and spawning occurred at approximately 16 ºC. The first gametes were observed five weeks after the temperature increased from 6 to 16 ºC. Sexual maturity was studied at various salinities (0.5, 5, 12, and 15 ‰). Results indicate that these worms attained earlier sexual maturity at salinity of 15 ‰, compared to other salinities studied. No significant differences (P〉0.05) were observed between sexual maturity attained at 12 ‰ and 15 ‰. Stocking density (20, 50, 100, 150 worms) was studied in terms of sex and showed that number of females were higher than males and the ratio was 11:1 (female: male). No significant differences (P〉0.05) were observed between the various stocking densities and their replicates. The effect of light and photoperiod in synchronizing reproduction in male and female N. diversicolor was studied. It was evident that reproduction behavior in adult worms increased for a period of one week at the end of each month after they are exposed to a prolonged photoperiod (L:D=16:8) followed by a period of dim light (simulated using 1 W lamps). Feeding trials were carried out with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, formulated fish diets and humus. Results showed that this diet was effective in speeding up sexual maturity in worms and significant effect of treatment was observed (P〈0.05) in worms fed a diet of humus alone. Eggs and sperms were fertilized and worms developed from the young monotrochophore with jelly layer to the trochophore larvae.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Anzali Lagoon ; Reproduction ; Sexual Maturity ; Fertilization ; Nereis Diversicolor ; Culture ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Spawning ; Female ; Male ; Larvae ; Sacchromyces cerevisiae ; Density
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    An investigation on all male production of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25356 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:09:43 | 25356 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of two hormones and an anti-aromatase, i.e. 17a methyl testosterone (MT), methyl di hydrotestosterone (MDHT) or mestanolone and letozole in masculinization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh station situated in Yazd province in center of Iran. Each experiment in this study was consisted of 5 treaments with 3 replicates each. A number of 1725 larvaes was distributed randomly among 15 replicates at the beginning of each experiment. Each experiment lasted 45 days and the larvaes were reared in aerated flow-through pots and fiberglass tanks filled with brackish water. The averages for temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen of water were 26.9 ê, 8 g/l, 7.6 and 5.78% respectively during this study. In experiment 1, three different doses of 40, 60 and 100 mg MT/k of feed were fed to different groups of 7 day post fertilization (dpf) larvaes for 45 days from the beginning of the experiment. The results showed that the larvaes in 40 mg group were 100 percent masculinized based on squash test performed at the end of the experiment but masculinization rates of those in 60 and 100 mg groups were 99.7 and 96.2 perecent respectively. Based on Dunkan test, total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 3 (at the end of the experiment) were not significantly different among groups but in biometry 2 (30 days after the beginning of experiment), they were significantly lesser only in 40 mg group (P〈0.05). There was significant differences in survival rate of different groups of larvaes in this experiment based on chi-square test (χ=31.166, P〈0.05) and the values in 40 and 100 mg groups (74.5 and 82.9% respectively) were lesser than those in 60 mg, control 1 and control 2 groups (84.3, 89.0 and 87.0 respectively). In experiment 2, masculinization rates of two different groups of larvaes immersed in 1800 µg MDHT/liter once in 10dpf and twice in 10 and 14dpf were 80.0 and 91.9 percent respectively. There were no significant differences in total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 2 between different groups but significant differences were observed in total body length only in biometry 3 (P〈0.05) where the highest values occurred in experiment 1 and control 1 groups and the lowest one in experiment 2. Significant differences observed in survival rate of different groups of larvaes in this experiment based on chi-square test (χ=15.165, P〈0.05) and the rates in experiment 1, control 2 and 3 groups (89.9, 86.4 and 89.9% respectively) were higher than those in experiment 2 and control 1 groups (82.0 and 82.3 respectively). In experiment 3, three different doses of anti-aromatse letrozole (200, 300 and 400 mg/k feed) were fed to different groups of 7 day post fertilization (dpf) larvaes for 45 days from the beginning of the experiment. The larvaes in 400 group .were all masculinized whereas the masculinization rates in 200 and 300 mg groups were 99.0 and 99.6% respectively. There were significant differences in total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 2 and 3 among groups in this experiment (P〈0.05) where the highest and the lowest values occurred in control 2 and experime2 groups respectively. Based on chi-square, the survival rate of different groups was significantly different (χ=41.119, P〈0.05) and the lowest rate occurred in experiment 2 group. No significant differences observed in gender ratios within all control groups in this study based on chi-square test. According to the findings acquired under the condition of brackish water at the present study, it would be potentially recommended to use MT and letrozole for the production of all male populations of Nile tilapia fish in order to provide fish farmers with no harmful environmental impacts on water sources in rivers and seas which occured due to the uncontroled breeding of tilapia. However, more research is needed to draw firm conclusions to use hormones and in especial anti-aromase letrozole because of the shortage of sufficient data in current references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Yazd province ; Bafgh ; Masculinization ; Nile tilapia ; 17α-methyl testosterone ; Methyl di hydro testosterone ; Mestanolone ; Body weight gain ; Total body lenght ; Brackish water ; Male ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Hormones ; Temperature ; Salinity ; pH ; Dissolved oxygen ; Fertilization ; Survival rate ; Larvae ; Investigation
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    Equalization of sperm concentration of Caspian brown trout Salmo trutta caspius male breeders in mixed milt fertilization and its effect on genetic diversity of F1 progeny (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25928 | 18721 | 2018-11-22 07:18:23 | 25928 | Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Conservation of genetic diversity of juveniles used for restocking of natural populations requires serious attention in artificial breeding protocol of the Caspian brown trout Salmo trutta caspius. Unbalanced contribution of male and female breeders to progeny in present artificial breeding has resulted in the reduction of effective population size in breeders. Equalization of milt volume did not also result in balanced contribution of breeders. With regard to the possible effect of sperm concentration on contribution of breeders to production of progeny, effective population size in breeders and genetic diversity of progeny were determined in mixed milt fertilization of 6 male and 2 female breeders with equal sperm concentration and ova number. Parentage assignment was performed using exclusion method in FAP program by analyzing 9 microsatellite loci and choosing the 3 most polymorphic ones, Str 58, Str 73 and Str 591, in breeders. More than 91% of progeny were assigned to their parents. Effective population size was calculated as 5.24 (0.65) and the number of alleles and expected heterozygosity decreased in progeny (6.67 and 0.726 ± 0.011) compared to parents (7.33 and 0.808) significantly (P〉0.05). In conclusion, equalization of sperm concentration of male breeders did not result in the balanced contribution of male breeders to ova fertilization and production of progeny in mixed milt fertilization of Caspian brown trout and genetic diversity of progeny remained significantly decreased.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Equalization ; Sperm ; Concentration ; Male ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Fertilization ; Genetic ; Diversity ; Progeny
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    The effects of temperature, salinity and photoperiod on sexual maturity and concomitant reproduction behavior in Nereis diversicolor (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23796 | 18721 | 2018-07-27 14:30:15 | 23796 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Nereis diversicolor worms were collected from the Anzali lagoon during the years 2004-2006 using Van Veen grab sampler with a surface area of 400cm ^(2). Water salinity, temperature and total organic matter (TOM) of sediments in the sampling region was determined. The worms were maintained in 0.5 tons (1x1m ^(2)) tanks until they reached a weight of 200-300mg. Sexual maturity in the samples was attained at 4-6C and spawning occurred at approximately 16°C. The first gametes were observed after the temperature increased from 6 to 16C. Sexual maturity was studied at various salinities (0.5, 5, 12, and 15 ppt). Results indicated that the worm attains sexual maturity at salinity 15ppt in a shorter period as compared to other salinities. No significant differences were observed between sexual maturity attained at salinities 12 and 15ppt (P〉0.05). The effect of light and photoperiod in synchronizing reproduction in male and female N. diversicolor was also studied. We observed that reproduction behavior in adult worms increased for a period of one week at the end of each month after they were exposed to a prolonged photoperiod (L:D 16:8) followed by a period of dim light. Mature males crawled around outside the tubes in search of a female. In the presence of a mature female, the males released sperm directly in front of the female tube. Soon after, there was an increase in the activity of the females which showed intense ventilation movements. The female worms with their eggs already released began to carry the sperm into their tube. The ripe females nearby which had not yet laid eggs in their tubes released their gametes a few minutes after the male and began to carry sperm into their tubes. The fertilized eggs remained inside the tube protected by the female. The benthic larvae developed fast, feeding on the mucus and microbial film on the tube wall. After 10 to 14 days, larvae began to leave the tube. A few days later the females died.
    Keywords: Biology ; Reproduction ; Fertilization ; Nereis diversicolor ; Gilan Province ; Anzali Lagoon ; Iran
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    Hybridization in Salmonidae (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23614 | 18721 | 2018-07-12 15:00:35 | 23614 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: This paper described hybrid between two species of Salmonidae Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) & Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius). Caspian salmon is a native fish in the Caspian Sea which migrate for spawning to the Mazandaran Rivers in the northern part of Iran during the autumn. Annually some broodstock of this type of fish are caught from the rivers and carried to fish farm in order to produce smolts. Then released them to the rivers to preserve stock Rainbow trout is also used for intensive culture in Iran since we would like to have inherit intermediate of these species. After selection of broodstock and fertilization we assayed many factors such as: Feeding, growth, systematic, cytogenetic, internal organs, tolerance to deficiency of oxygen and high temperature. In addition, we also compared with control. The result showed that the hybrid is intermediate between parental and suitable for intensive culture.
    Keywords: Biology ; Species ; Salmonidae ; Rainbow trout ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Caspian salmon ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Smolt ; Spawning ; Migrate ; Broodstock ; Fertilization ; Feeding ; Growth ; Systematic ; Cytogenetic ; Hybridization ; Mazandaran Rivers ; Caspian Sea ; Iran
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    Semiartificial propagation of Stizostedion lucioperca and rearing them to fingerling size (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23617 | 18721 | 2018-07-12 15:32:31 | 23617 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: A research experiment carried out to pike-perch culture for enhancement program in southwest Caspian Sea. Broodstock achieve spawning time during March-April when the ambient temperature in local climate ranges 12–14°C. Manmade nests prepared by wooden frames and which synthetic wool bunches are fastened and placed in pond water at intervals of 5 meters each. The spawners preferred the green texture nest material which were placed close to bottom. The eggs drop on the nest and average fertilization occurred 30-90%. The nests, eggs on them are kept in mist chamber and also collected fertilized eggs placed into 200 Lit zughar for development. The former method and technique produced better survival rate. Appearance of eye pigmentation on the eggs observed during the 3th or 4th day of incubation process. Yolk-sac absorption lasted 9-13 days. The water temperature recorded 12-16°C during the culture. The numbers of 1 g dry eggs computed 1900-2050 and swelled eggs 1120-1170. Average size of one-day old larvae were 2.8-3.5 mm and the size of first exogenous feeding fries measured 4-6 mm.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Stizostedion lucioperca ; Broodstock ; Spawning ; Temperature ; Nests ; Spawners ; Eggs ; Fertilization ; Survival rate ; Pigmentation ; Incubation ; Yolk-sac ; Culture ; Swelled eggs ; Larvae ; Exogenous ; Feeding ; Semiartificial ; Caspian Sea ; Iran
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    Effect of age on reproductive efficiency of adult rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1972 (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22924 | 18721 | 2018-06-06 02:08:16 | 22924 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-11
    Description: Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss is one of the most important cold water fishes in Iran. For successful artificial propagation of rainbow trout, the quality and quantity of brooders and sexual materials are key factors. In the present study, we investigated the age-dependent changes of reproductive efficiency. For this purpose, the brooders were divided into age classes and then three age groups of male and female (i.e. 3, 4 and 5 years old) selected randomly from each age class. At the time of propagation, total length and weight of brooders before and after stripping, egg diameter, total weight of stripped eggs and sperm quality parameters including sperm density and spermatocrit were measured. Afterward, the brooders were crossed randomly. According to our results, the higher percentage of fertilization (98%), hatching (96%), survival (94.5%) and also the larvae with more active feeding (n= 3070) were found when the 4 year old males were crossed with 5 year old females (p〈0.05). Our results confirmed the age-dependent changes of reproductive efficiency in rainbow trout. We conclude that the cross between 4 year old males and 5 year old females of rainbow trout can enhance the reproductive efficiency.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Fisheries ; Survival ; Fertility rate ; Fertilization ; Rainbow trout ; aquaculture ; Iran
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    Sperm characteristics in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella effect of ions on spermatozoa motility and fertilization capacity (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22692 | 18721 | 2018-05-16 17:51:17 | 22692 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: In this study, sperm characteristics (motility parameters and ionic composition of seminal plasma) and effect of ions on motility (duration of motility of sperm and percentage of motile spermatozoa) and fertilization capacity (fertilization rate, hatching rate, survival rate and larvae length) were investigated in Ctenopharyngdon idella. The longest duration of motility obtained in solution containing 104 mM NaCl. The highest fertilization capacity was observed in solution containing 112 mML NaCl. Solutions containing different concentrations of KCl caused a decrease on the percentage of motile spermatozoa fertilization rate and hatching rate, but duration of sperm motility and survival rate were significantly higher in solution containing 440 and 320 mM KCl, respectively. There was a decreasing trend on motility when spermatozoa incubated in solutions containing MgCl2 compared to the control. Similarly, higher motility parameters in terms of percentage of motile spermatozoa and duration of sperm motility were observed in distilled water. The sperm motility just after activation was suppressed by concentrations of CaCl2 of 32 mg/dL or more. The maximum hatching rate, survival rate and larvae length were observed in 32 mg/dL CaCl2. Understanding the effects of these ions is helpful to the aquaculture industry as it allows for the development of optimal artificial reproduction methods and contributes towards the knowledge base of better short-term fish semen preservation conditions.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Fisheries ; Spermatozoa motility ; Seminal plasma ; Cations ; Fertilization ; Grass carp ; Iran
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    Analysis of saline activator solution effects on sperm quality indices of Barbus sharpeyi by Image J software (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22604 | 18721 | 2018-05-01 23:37:40 | 22604 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Regarding low fertilization rate of Barbus sharpeyi, one of the main Barbus species in south of Iran, saline activator solutions (SAS 1 and 2) were used for increasing of sperm activation and its sperm quality indices were assessed by using Image J software as a fish sperm adapted tools. SAS1 (45mM NaCl, 5mM KCl, 30mM Tris, 188±2.3 mOsmol/kg) and SAS2 (50mM NaCl, 30mM KCl, 30mM Tris, 189±1.7 mOsmol.kg) were added to a mixture of 12 male semen comparing with distilled and tap water and their effects on VCL, VSL, ALH, Linearity, %motility, spermatozoa path, % A, B and C spermatozoa type, fertilization, hatching and deformity rate were analyzed in triplicate. Results showed that SAS2 had the highest VCL (21.37±0.36 µm/s), VSL (11.6±0.3 µm/s) and motility percentage (85.75±1.56 %) among treatments. The highest A type spermatozoa percentage was recorded for SAS1 (47.16±3.15 %) and SAS2 (43.89±4.54%). The lowest C type spermatozoa percentage was recorded using SAS2 (14.24±1.56 %). Also, the highest fertilization rate was achieved from SAS2 (79.5±0.37%) and SAS1 (77.74±4%) respectively. Furthermore the lowest larval deformity rate (13.77±1.03%) was shown due to the use of SAS2. Final conclusion confirmed that SAS1 and SAS2 have positive and significant effects (P 〈 0.05) on extending the time length of sperms movement, VCL and VSL of B. sharpeyi which consequently resulted in better efficiency of propagation of this species in south of Iran.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Sperm ; Saline activator solution ; Fertilization ; Barbus sharpeyi ; Iran
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    Evaluation of LHRH-a acute release implantation on final maturation and spawning in not-fully matured broodstocks of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus Borodin, 1897) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22527 | 18721 | 2018-04-17 20:13:47 | 22527 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) is considered as an endemic sturgeon of the south part of the Caspian Sea and provides the highest Iranian caviar production. Due to overfishing, degradation of the rivers conditions of the natural reproductive habitats, the fish stocks is decreasing. The immature breeders do not response to hormonal therapy at the sturgeon hatcheries as most having PI (above 10) and large numbers of breeders caught and transported to the hatcheries were unable to reproduce. This study was attempted to find the effect of LHRHa implantation on oocytes maturation and spawning of Persian sturgeon. Broodstocks were caught from the southeast region of the Caspian Sea. The selected female broodstocks (PI〉10) ranged in size from 24.0 to 37.5 kg were implanted with LHRHa cholesterol pellets at concentrations of 0 μg/kg (control), and treatments of 10, 15 and 20 μg/ kg (in three replicates. The results from this study indicated that females treated with LHRHa hormone implantation at 10, 15, 20 µg per kg body weight reached final maturation. These results were observed for all fish from treatment numbers 2 (15 μg/ kg) and 3 (20 μg/kg), however only one fish reached final maturation in treatment 1(10 μg/ kg). The current implantation of LHRHa was able to enhance breeders with PI above 10 to final maturation which under normal condition at sturgeon’s hatcheries this is not possible. The results suggested that final maturation can be achieved that lead to high fertilization (78.33% ±13.87, 68.33% ±4.16 in treatment 2 and 3, respectively) and hatching rates (85.3% ±9.07, 68.33% ±7.64 in treatment 2 and 3, respectively) and also total larvae production. Thus, the information from this study is very useful for artificial propagation of not-fully-matured females of Persian sturgeon at Sturgeon hatcheries especially in Iran.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Acipenser persicus ; Broodstocks ; LHRHa implantation ; Artificial propagation ; Fertilization ; Hatching rates ; Caspian Sea ; Iran
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    Sperm quality, egg size, fecundity and their relationships with fertilization rate of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22551 | 18721 | 2018-04-24 19:50:05 | 22551 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: Gametes were collected by abdominal massage from 15 anesthesized male and female grass carp. In collected sperm samples the following mean spermatological properties were determined: sperm volume 15.64 ± 5.39 mL, sperm motility 81.20 ± 7.61%, motility duration 62.06 ± 19.40s, density 17.88±5.48 x10^9 mL^-1, total density 428.90±302.05 x10^9, and pH 7.25±0.81. Also egg size (mm) and fecundity (egg/fish) were determined as 1.04±0.028 and 417867 ± 36.274 respectively in female grass carp. The fertilization capacity of sperm was tested with the same egg pool. The insemination dosage was 2x10^5 spz/egg for each fertilization experiment. Fertilization rate was determined as mean 79.3±2.95% and positively correlated with sperm motility (r=0.932, p〈0.01), egg size (r=0.513, p〉0.05) and fecundity (r=0.539, p〉0.05).
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Fisheries ; Grass carp ; Sperm ; Motility ; Fertilization ; Turkey
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 755-764
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  • 37
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    Ultrastructure of the chorion and the micropyle of an endemic cyprinid fish, Cyprinion tenuiradius Heckel, 1849 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from southern Iran (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22542 | 18721 | 2018-04-23 11:22:32 | 22542 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The scanning electron microscope was used to investigate the ultrastructures of the egg membrane surface (unfertilized egg) of an endemic cyprinid fish, Cyprinion tenuiradius Heckel, 1849. The eggs of this species were almost circular in shape, had a smooth surface and one type II micropyle consisting of the flat pit and a long canal in the animal polar region. The micropyle region was not flat, micropyle was circular or oval in shape and the micropyle canal was located in its center. Round or oval accessory pores were also observed in the pit around of the micropylar canal. The surface of zona radiata was smooth with a uniform distribution of almost round pores with lips.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Morphology ; Fertilization ; Cyprinion tenuiradius ; Micropyle ; Accessory openings ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 657-665
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  • 38
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    Short term preservation of spermatozoa of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21932 | 18721 | 2018-01-17 12:21:51 | 21932 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Short term preservation of spermatozoa of salmonid fishes for practical use, increasing of reproduction potentials and reducing of expenses, has an important role in hatcheries. In this study spermatozoan motility and fertilization rate of 29 commercially cultured rainbow trout were examined. Semen was collected by abdominal stripping at the volume of 4.49±1 (mean±SD) ml and sperm concentration was determined by heamocytometer following 1:600 dilution with saline solution (0.9% NaCl). To find the effects of preservation time on fertilization capacity, samples were diluted with extender (Glucose 54gL-1, Tris 0.5gL-1, DMSO 9% , Egg yolk 20%) and held at 3 different cool conditions : room temperature (+15°C), refrigerator (+5°C) and crashed ice (+ 1-2°C) and sperm motility followed up each 30 mins until complete ceasation. Fertilization, hatching and larval stage rate were determined after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Results showed that the motility of sperm samples held at 15 °C and 5°C were completely ceased after 2 and 24 hours respectively. However it lasted up to 144 hours at1-2°C.Fertilization, hatching and larval stage rates of sperm samples hold at 1- 2°C were 68.45% , 62.1% and 58.2% (after 24 hours), 53.2% , 43.2% and 40.9% (after 48 hours) and 36.6% , 31.6% and 23.7% after 72 hours, respectively, and all showed a significant decrease compared with control (90.32%, 83.27% and 81.12% respectively). Comparing the results showed that holding samples in test tubes at 1-2°C is the best method for short term storage of rainbow trout spermatozoa.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Spermatozoa ; Short term preservation ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Motility rate ; Fertilization ; Iran rate
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 157-164
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  • 39
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    Effect of age on reproductive performance of Kutum, Rutilus frisii (Nordmann, 1840) in Shirood River, the southern coast of the Caspian Sea (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21788 | 18721 | 2017-12-03 15:13:01 | 21788 | University of Guilan, Faculty of Natural Resources, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: In this study, we investigated the age-dependent changes in reproductive efficiency of Kutum, Rutilus frisii caught from Shirood River, the Southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran Province, Iran). Age-dependent reproductive performance of brooders was assayed on two age and sex groups. Results revealed that there were no significant differences in sperm characteristics between age groups. All female characteristics revealed change except relative fecundity between two age groups. The higher fertilization rate (87%) and also survival rate (91%) were found when the 4 year-old males were crossed with 4 year - old females (P 〈 0.05). Our results confirmed the agedependent changes of reproductive efficiency in Kutum. So that, the cross between 4 year-old males and 4 year - old females could be useful for enhancement of reproductive efficiency in Kutum .
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Kutum ; R. frisii ; Survival ; Reproduction traits ; Fertilization ; Rutilus frisii ; performance ; age ; Shirood River ; Caspian Sea ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 205-212
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  • 40
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    Propagation and Stock Enhancement of Silver pomfret ( Pamus argenteus ) in the North west of Persian Gulf (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was conducted in the Persian Gulf (Coastal waters of Khuzestan province) from March 2009 to April 2010. The 237 specimen of Silver pomfert P. argenteus collected. Maximum of mature brooders at Jun and maximum of hatched eggs obtained at same month. Artificial fertilization was successful. Absolut fecundity was between 19000 to 38000.maximum of hatch was 51 percent. Maximum of fertilization was 32 percent and continued development of larvae to 35 days. Average of fertilized eggs was 1.1 mm. newly hatched larve were 2.2 to 2.4 mm. The all Silver Pomfret larve were dead at prude 35 days gently. Suppose n enhancement phase wasn't performed.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Artificial reproduction ; Pampus argentus ; Larvae rearing ; Eggs hatch ; Specimen ; Silver pomfert ; P.argenteus ; Mature ; Brooders ; Artificial fertilization ; Fecundity ; Fertilization
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 57pp.
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  • 41
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    Effect of different salinity level on spawning, fertilization, hatching and survival of common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) in semi-artificial environment (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The effects of various salinity levels among (0‰, 5‰, 10‰, 15‰, and 20‰) for successful breeding of common carp, Cyprinus carpio were investigated. The duration of study was 75 days. Ripe broodstock (30) having a mean weight (male 1027±2.4g and female 1084.8±23g) were selected and stocked into spawning tanks (2000 L). The ratio among male and female was 2:1. They were fed with commercial floating pelleted feed having 35% crude protein with 2% body weight twice a day. Broodstock were injected with ovaprim hormone 0.5 mg kg^-1 female and male 0.2 mg kg^-1 respectively, after successful spawning broodstock were removed from spawning tanks. The results showed that the highest fecundity, fertility, hatchability and survival of fry were obtained on salinity of 0‰ to 10‰ and significantly decreased on 15‰ and 20‰. The eggs per gram body weight were also recorded in all treatments and highest eggs were obtained, i.e. 45-60 per female on salinity of 0‰-10‰. Water temperature (22.4±0.2°C), dissolved oxygen (6.5±0.2 mg L^-1 ), pH (7.2±0.2) and ammonia (less than 0.03±0.06 mg L^-1) were monitored throughout the study period. Water quality parameters remained within the recommended range. Our results suggest that common carp, C. carpio may give maximum eggs up to 10 ‰ salinity with 81% survival of the fry.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Common carp ; Breeding ; Ovaprim ; Salinity ; Semi-natural ; Spawning ; Fertilization ; Hatching ; Survival ; Cyprinus carpio
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.790-804
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  • 42
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    Cryopreservation of sperm in Acipenser nudiventris, Huso huso, Acipenser stellatus and Acipenser persicus in the breeding season (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Considering decrease in total catch of sturgeon & threat of extinction in their stocks, special measures might be adopted. Sperm cryopreservation is one of the suitable methods to prepare bank of frozen gamete for future use in artificial breeding in order to prohibit extinction of sturgeon stocks. This study carried out on 27 male sturgeon during 2001-2004. The investigated sturgeon include 12 male Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus), 7 male Acipenser stellatus, 5 male Acipenser nudiventris and 3 male Huso huso. Sperm Collected from spawners in Shahid Beheshti & Shahid Marjani sturgeon rearing & propagation Complex in Rasht & Gorgan. The Sperm which was collected from Shahid Marjani propagation complex placed in the sealed Vessels & transferred by coleman in near zero temperature to cryopreservation laboratory of international sturgeon research institute for further investigation. In this study, the sperm was diluted in ratio 1:1 in two culture media containing dimethyl sulfoxide & glycerol (BC) and the samples stored in 1 ml insulin syringe & 0.5 ml Piot. The diluted sperm froze in a special temperature by automated freezer model 5300 (France IMV). Three phases applied to freeze the samples which are as follow: 1- Begin to freeze from +50c to -100c (30c /min) 2- From 10 0c to 70 0c (20 0c /min) 3- From 70 0c to 130 0c (25 0c /min) After freezing, the samples placed in liquid nitrogen containers with 196 0c temperature. For thawing, the sperm samples took out of liquid nitrogen & placed in water 40 0c. Then motility percent & the sperm quality investigated under 400x microscope. According to the results the mean motility percentage of fresh sperm in Persian sturgeon, Acipenser Stellatus, Acipenser nudiventris and Huso huso was 84, 73.75, 67.5 and 76.66, respectively. The mean percentage of motility in frozen sperm which placed in media containing dimethyl sulfoxide was 32, 37.5, 40 and 20%, respectively. Also, the frozen samples that preserved in BC media (Biociphus) showed 5.2, 75.25, 4.11 and 2.66% motility, respectively. In blank group, the mean fertilization percent of eggs was 90, 72, 71.25 and 90%, respectively. In the treatment group applying frozen sperm in culture media containing dimetlylsulfoxide, the mean fertilization rate was 30, 6.5, 25.39 and 4.75%. Furthermore, no fertilization (0.0%) observed using frozen sperm stored in Biociphus culture media containing glycerol. There was no significant difference in fertilization percent comparing the two storage places (syringe & Piot). According to investigations the culture media containing dimethyl sulfoxide, is a suitable diluter for sturgeon sperm. So, the Cryopreservation technique can be used to preserve the sturgeon sperm for future fertilization & through this way we can prevent extinction of sturgeon stocks.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Cryopreservation ; Sperm ; Acipenser nudiventris ; Huso huso ; Acipenser stellatus ; Acipenser persicus ; Breeding ; Sturgeon ; Temperature ; Motility ; Fertilization ; Spermatozoa ; Freezing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 53pp.
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  • 43
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    Analysis of saline activator solution effects on sperm quality indices of Barbus sharpeyi by image J software (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Regarding low fertilization rate of Barbus sharpeyi, one of the main Barbus species in south of Iran, saline activator solutions (SAS 1 and 2) were used for increasing of sperm activation and its sperm quality indices were assessed by using Image J software as a fish sperm adapted tools. SAS 1 (45mM NaCl, 5mM KCl, 30mM Tris, 188±2.3 mosmol/kg) and SAS 2 (50mM NaCl, 30mM KCl, 30mM Tris, 189±1.7 mosmol.kg) were added to a mixture of 12 male semen comparing with distilled and tap water and their effects on VCL, VSL, ALH, Linearity, %motility, spermatozoa path, % A, B and C spermatozoa type, fertilization, hatching and deformity rate were analyzed in triplicate. Results showed that SAS2 had the highest VCL (21.37±0.36 µm/s-1), VSL (11.6±0.3 µm/s-1) and motility percentage (85.75±1.56 %) among treatments. The highest A type spermatozoa percentage was recorded for SAS1 (47.16±3.15 %) and SAS2 (43.89±4.54%). The lowest C type spermatozoa percentage was recorded using SAS2 (14.24±1.56 %). Also, the highest fertilization rate was achieved from SAS2 (79.5±0.37%) and SAS1 (77.74±4%) respectively. Furthermore the lowest larval deformity rate (13.77±1.03%) was shown due to the use of SAS2. Final conclusion confirmed that SAS1 and SAS2 have positive and significant effects (P 〈 0.05) on extending the time length of sperms movement, VCL and VSL of B. sharpeyi which consequently resulted in better efficiency of propagation of this species in south of Iran.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Software ; Sperm ; Saline activator solution ; Fertilization ; Barbus sharpeyi ; Quality ; Species
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.357-377
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  • 44
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    Effect of age on reproductive efficiency of adult rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1972 (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss is one of the most important cold water fishes in Iran. For successful artificial propagation of rainbow trout, the quality and quantity of brooders and sexual materials are key factors. In the present study, we investigated the age-dependent changes of reproductive efficiency. For this purpose, the brooders were divided into age classes and then three age groups of male and female (i.e. 3, 4 and 5 years old) selected randomly from each age classes. At the time of propagation, total length and weight of brooders before and after stripping, egg diameter, total weight of stripped eggs and sperm quality parameters including sperm density and spermatocrit were measured. Afterward, the brooders were crossed randomly. According to our results, the higher percentage of fertilization (%98), hatching (%96), survival (%94.5) and also the larvae with more active feeding (n= 3070) were found when the 4 year old males were crossed with 5 year old females (p〈0.05). Our results confirmed the age-dependent changes of reproductive efficiency in rainbow trout. We conclude that the cross between 4 year old males and 5 year old females of rainbow trout can enhance the reproductive efficiency.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Survival ; Fertility rate ; Fertilization ; Rainbow trout ; Age ; Density ; Sperm ; Hatching ; Larvae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp. 945-956
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  • 45
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    Evaluation of LHRH-a acute release implantation on final maturation and spawning in not-fully matured broodstocks of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus Borodin, 1897) (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) is considered as an endemic sturgeon of the south part of the Caspian Sea and provides the highest Iranian caviar production. Due to overfishing, degradation of the rivers conditions of the natural reproductive habitats, the fish stocks is decreasing. The immature breeders do not response to hormonal therapy at the sturgeon hatcheries as most having PI (above 10) and large numbers of breeders caught and transported to the hatcheries were unable to reproduce. This study was attempted to find the effect of LHRHa implantation on oocytes maturation and spawning of Persian sturgeon. Broodstocks were caught from the southeast region of the Caspian Sea. The selected female broodstocks (PI〉10) ranged in size from 24.0 to 37.5 kg were implanted with LHRHa cholesterol pellets at concentrations of 0 μg/kg (control), and treatments of 10, 15 and 20 μg/ kg (in three replicates. The results from this study indicated that females treated with LHRHa hormone implantation at 10, 15, 20 µg per kg body weight reached final maturation. These results were observed for all fish from treatment numbers 2 (15 μg/ kg) and 3 (20 μg/kg), however only one fish reached final maturation in treatment 1(10 μg/ kg). The current implantation of LHRHa was able to enhance breeders with PI above 10 to final maturation which under normal condition at sturgeon’s hatcheries this is not possible. The results suggested that final maturation can be achieved that lead to high fertilization (78.33% ±13.87, 68.33% ±4.16 in treatment 2 and 3, respectively) and hatching rates (85.3% ±9.07, 68.33% ±7.64 in treatment 2 and 3, respectively) and also total larvae production. Thus, the information from this study is very useful for artificial propagation of not-fully-matured females of Persian sturgeon at Sturgeon hatcheries especially in Iran.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Persian sturgeon ; Acipenser persicus ; Broodstocks ; LHRHa implantation ; Artificial propagation ; Fertilization ; Hatching rates ; Evaluation ; Spawning ; Fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.440-459
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  • 46
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    Ultrastructure of the chorion and the micropyle of an endemic cyprinid fish, Cyprinion tenuiradius Heckel, 1849 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from southern Iran (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The scanning electron microscope was used to investigate the ultrastructures of the egg membrane surface (unfertilized egg) of an endemic cyprinid fish, Cyprinion tenuiradius Heckel, 1849. The eggs of this species were almost circular in shape, had a smooth surface and one type II micropyle consisting of the flat pit and a long canal in the animal polar region. The micropyle region was not flat, micropyle was circular or oval in shape and the micropyle canal was located in its center. Round or oval accessory pores were also observed in the pit around of the micropylar canal. The surface of zona radiata was smooth with a uniform distribution of almost round pores with lips.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Morphology ; Fertilization ; Cyprinion tenuiradius ; Micropyle ; Accessory openings ; Biology ; Physiology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.657-665
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  • 47
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    Sperm characteristics in Grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella effect of ions on spermatozoa motility and fertilization capacity (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this study, sperm characteristics (motility parameters and ionic composition of seminal plasma) and effect of ions on motility (duration of motility of sperm and percentage of motile spermatozoa) and fertilization capacity (fertilization rate, hatching rate, survival rate and larvae length) were investigated in Ctenopharyngdon idella. The longest duration of motility obtained in solution containing 104 mM NaCl. The highest fertilization capacity was observed in solution containing 112 mML NaCl. Solutions containing different concentrations of KCl caused a decrease on the percentage of motile spermatozoa fertilization rate and hatching rate, but duration of sperm motility and survival rate were significantly higher in solution containing 440 and 320 mM KCl, respectively. There was a decreasing trend on motility when spermatozoa incubated in solutions containing MgCl2 compared to the control. Similarly, higher motility parameters in terms of percentage of motile spermatozoa and duration of sperm motility were observed in distilled water. The sperm motility just after activation was suppressed by concentrations of CaCl2 of 32 mg/dL or more. The maximum hatching rate, survival rate and larvae length were observed in 32 mg/dL CaCl2. Understanding the effects of these ions is helpful to the aquaculture industry as it allows for the development of optimal artificial reproduction methods and contributes towards the knowledge base of better short-term fish semen preservation conditions.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biology ; Physiology ; Ctenopharyngodon idella ; Spermatozoa motility ; Seminal plasma ; Cations ; Fertilization ; Grass carp ; Ions ; Sperm
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.354-364
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  • 48
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    Sperm quality, egg size, fecundity and their relationships with fertilization rate of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Gametes were collected by abdominal massage from 15 anesthesized male and female grass carp. In collected sperm samples the following mean spermatological properties were determined: sperm volume 15.64 ± 5.39 mL, sperm motility 81.20 ± 7.61%, motility duration 62.06 ± 19.40s, density 17.88±5.48 x109 mL-1, total density 428.90±302.05 x109, and pH 7.25±0.81. Also egg size (mm) and fecundity (egg/fish) were determined as 1.04±0.028 and 417867 ± 36.274 respectively in female grass carp. The fertilization capacity of sperm was tested with the same egg pool. The insemination dosage was 2x105 spz/egg for each fertilization experiment. Fertilization rate was determined as mean 79.3±2.95% and positively correlated with sperm motility (r=0.932, p〈0.01), egg size (r=0.513, p〉0.05) and fecundity (r=0.539, p〉0.05).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biology & Physiology ; Grass carp ; Sperm ; Motility ; Fertilization
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.755-764
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  • 49
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    Cryopreservation of carp spermatozoa by different extenders (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Production and storage of the best gametes are practices undertaken by fishery managers and researchers to improve fish reproduction technology and obtain the best spawners. The male spawners of carp (Cyprinus carpio) were chosen from two warm-water fish hatcheries near Rasht, Guilan Province. For the study, duration of motility of sperms, sperm density and fertilization rate were considered. The best samples were chosen for cryopreservation with four different extenders and were checked by fertilization tests after seven days preservation in liquid nitrogen. Results showed that by 1:1 dilution rate, the Alsever’s solution had the best results. The fertilization rate, production of eyed eggs and larvae by this extender in a multistage cooling experiment were 45%, 47.81 and 22.63% respectively.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Carp ; Cryopreservation ; Sperm ; Fishery ; Spawners ; Cyprinus carpio ; Hatcheries ; Samples ; Fertilization
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.17-30
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  • 50
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    Production of all-female Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using sex-reversed males and investigation of their growth parameters in the first year of culture (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Possibility of producing all-female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using neomale stock were investigated in Kelardasht hatchery. To do this, we compared the fertilization, hatching rate and growth parameters of progeny in the first year of culture. Histological studies of gonads showed that progenies produced by mating sex-reversed males and normal females were totally female. Eyed-stage egg, hatching and early survival rate in all-female population were 90:69 %, 97.36 %, 91.49 % and in mix sex population were 70.24 %, 98.22 %, 90.73 %, respectively, showing no significant differences (P〉0.05). Lack of maturation in the first year cultured fish led to the identical growth parameters in mix sex and all-female groups (P〉0.05). Results showed that use of sex-reversed males can be one of the best and successful methods of producing all-female populations.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Histological ; Rainbow Trout ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Male ; Female ; Growth ; Culture ; Sex reversed ; Neomale stock ; Hatchery ; Fertilization ; Gonads ; Survival rate
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.45-54
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  • 51
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    Determination of artificial propagation normative in Acipenser Gueldenstaedtii (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was carried out to determine artificial breeding normatives of Russian Sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedti). In this research, which was conducted in Shahid Marjani Breeding Center in late winter, 27 female and 13 male broodstocks were used. All broodstocks were provided from Turkeman and Mianghaleh fishing ground in the Caspian Sea. After maintaining them at Kurinski ponds and determination of germinal vesicle in the oocytes, 15 female and 13 male broodstocks were injected by 60-75 and 40-55 mg of pituitary hormone, respectively. After maturity duration, 10 female and 5 male broodstocks showed response to the hormone injection. Some parameters such as maturity duration, number of oocytes per gram, oocyte diameter, weight and bodymass of oocyte, motility and density of spermatozoid, duration of reaching to 4 and 16 divisions, incubation duration, fertilization percentage in each stage, mortality rate during incubation, number of larvae resulted from each broodstock, number of larvae per gram, weight of each larvae as well as some morphometric parameteres and age for each broodstock were determined.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ; Artificial breeding ; Normatives ; Russian Sturgeon ; Female ; Male ; Broodstocks ; Maturity ; Spermatozoid ; Fertilization ; Mortality rates ; Larvae ; Morphometric
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.77-92
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  • 52
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    Comparison study on different synthetic hormones used for artificial propagation of Stellate Sturgeon Acipenser stellatus stellatus Berg, 1932 (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this study the effects of LHRHa, a mixture or common carp and sturgeon pituitary (CCP +SPE), Thyroxin hormone (T3) with commonly method used in hatcheries were compared. The experiments were conducted using different doses of hormones with several replicates in order 10 determine the most effective dose. Total number of broodstocks were females and 22 males. Prior to injecting the fishes, the Germinal Vesicle (GV) situation of all broodstocks were determined. The results showed that bloodstocks has been injected with LHRHa were very satisfactory and the percentage of response, fertilization and hatching of them had significantly different. The least effective dose of LHRHa that induced maturation was single injection and 350-375µg/fish for double injection. Thus it was determined that under the experimental condition, 20.0 to 31.2 µg/Kg of body weight of broodstock was the most effective dose. In the case of male broodstocks LHRHa was the most effective hormone and the sperms collected from these broodstocks were better in quality and quantity. The most effective dose of this hormone for males was determined to be 200 µg/fish or 27.7 to 31.2 µg/kg of body weight. The best dose of mixture of CCP + SPE which all broodstocks responded was7.0mg/kgBW +2.5mg/kgBW for females and 7.0mg/kgBW+ 1.5mg/kgBW for males. In the case of broodstocks that were first injected thyroxin and latter injected SPE it must be stated that since the thyroxin used was edible grade none of the broodstocks attained maturity. Therefore the results obtained in this treatment were not satisfactory.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Synthetic hormones ; Stellate sturgeon ; Acipenser stellatus stellatus ; LHRHa ; Pituitary ; Thyroxin hormone ; Germinal Vesicle ; GV ; Fertilization ; Maturation ; Sturgeon ; Common carp ; Hormone
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.9-24
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  • 53
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    Semiartificial Propagation of Stizostedion lucioperca and Rearing them to Fingerling Size (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A research experiment carried out to pike-perch culture for enhancement program in south-west Caspian Sea. Brood-stock achieve spawning time during March-April when the ambient temperature in local climate ranges 12 – 14 ֯C. Man-made nests prepared by wooden frames and which synthetic wool bunches are fastened and placed in pond water at intervals of 5 meters each. The spawners preferred the green texture nest material which were placed close to bottom. The eggs drop on the nest and average fertilization occurred 30 - 90%. The nests, eggs on them are kept in mist chamber and also collected fertilized eggs placed into 200 lit zugjar for development. The former method and technique produced better survival rate. Appearance of eye pigmentation on the eggs observed during the 3th or 4th day of incubation process. Yolk-sac absorption lasted 9-13 days. The water temperature recorded 12-16 ֯C during the culture. The numbers of 1g dry eggs computed 1900-2050 and swelled eggs 1120-1170. Average size of one-day old larvae were 2.8-3.5 mm and the size of first exogenous feeding fries measured 4-6 mm.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Semiartificial ; Stizostedion lucioperca ; Brood-stock ; Spawning ; Temperature ; Nests ; Spawners ; Eggs ; Fertilization ; Survival rate ; Pigmentation ; Incubation ; Yolk-sac ; Culture ; Swelled eggs ; Larvae ; Exogenous ; Feeding
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.25-36
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  • 54
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    Preliminary study on induction of triploidy in Benni (Barbus sharpeyi) by thermal shocks (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Barbus sharpeyi is a local fish of Khouzestan that is planned to be a target for aquaculture in recent programs of fisheries organization. Considering importance of this species in its dispersal region, the main goal of this project was evaluation of possibility for triploidy induction and its potential in response to the heat shocks, efficiency of viability and growth and finally reporting the best condition for triploidy induction in Benny. Induction of thermal shocks was executed in for cold and heat shocks (2 and 4°C for cold and 34, 36 and 38°C for heat). Time of induction and its duration varied between 2 and 5 minutes after the fertilization for 3 and 5 minutes. Each treatment was repeated for 3 times. The ploidy level was determined based on size of nucleus diameters in erythrocytes. Analysis of data was done by SPSS (ver. 16) using T-test and ANOVA method. Results showed that the maximum number of triploid individuals was obtained in treatment of 38°C, 2 min after the fertilization by duration of 3 minutes but as the condition was not suitable for the viability of the eggs, losses of the larvae was high in this group. The best efficiency of triploidization in B. sharpeyi belongs to the 34°C, 2 to 5 minutes after the fertilization for duration of 5 minutes. Nuclear dimensions showed an increase in triploids and confirmed that this characteristic can be used as a reliable factor to distinguish polyploidy. Results of this study showed that B. sharpeyi has the ability for polyploidy inductions specially heat shocks. Evaluation of growth in matured fishes, use of proper tagging systems to distinguish the treatments and designing a plan for bioconserving and genetic improvement of this species is recommended.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Triploidy ; Benni ; Barbus sharpeyi ; Thermal shocks ; Species ; Growth ; Fertilization ; ANOVA ; Bio conserving ; Genetic
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 72pp.
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  • 55
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    Feeding investigations of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fingerlings with emphasis on dominant phytoplanktons (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In order to study phytopague fingerlings feeding in fish ponds, simultaneously to the beginning of warm season and cultivation, fingerlings of 3-5 gr from 4 ponds in Mazandaran province were captured, fixed with formalin, then transferred to the plankton determination laboratory of Caspian sea ecologic institute. Based on carried out studies on the first and the end party of their intestine and the pond water, phytophague fingerlings feeds on phytoplankton, zooplankton and detritus. But the essential nutrition was on phytoplankton and detritus. Planktonic groups were formed of Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta and Euglenophyta. But in addition to these four groups Pyrophyta was present in fish pond water. Relative abundance of these nutrient organisms in water and intestine was different. Also in most cases a direct relation was observed between the intensity of water organisms and intestine ingredients. Based on this study, essential differences of digestion were observed following to the source of nutrition and the most difference were considered in digestion of Chrysophytes, Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta. Base on the results of this study we propose to make more studies on fertilization and the proportion of different fertilizers in fish ponds in order to obtain easily digestible phytoplankton thus increase in fish exploitation.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Silver carp fry ; Nutrition ; Phytoplanktons ; Zooplanktons ; Chrysophyta ; Cyanophyta ; Clorophyta ; Pyrophyta ; Euglenophyta ; Feeding ; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ; Fingerlings ; Fertilization
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 83pp.
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  • 56
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    Seminatural propagation and rearing of Roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A research experiment was conducted to provide a protocol for seminatural propagation and rearing of Roach up to release size. The attempt was made to combat the declining trend in the population size and catch of the fish in the Caspian Sea. The optimum temperature for spawning brood-stocks lasts from middle March to late April when the ambient temperature range is 12-17 ֯C. During the four months research period, brood stocks were caught in the estuary of the Gorganrood in Golestan Province, north east Iran. The stocks were released into 2 hectare earthen ponds enriched with manure and fertilizers. Artificial spawning grounds made of pine branches were placed in the ponds. Ponds were stocked with 700 female breeders with an average weight of 150 grams and around 350 male breeders weighing 100 grams on average. Spawning and fertilization of eggs occurred in the ponds of which an estimated 80-90% eyed that were observed from the fifth day onwards. The starting of hatching was observed in the 6th day and yolk sac absorption was observed in day 4 to 6. The larvae were fed on natural zooplankton and artificial food. Assessment of 146 fries for ingested food indicated that the fries fed on Rotifer (Rotatoria sp. and Daphnia sp.) in the ponds. The length-weight relationship was not significantly different among the ponds and also specific growth rates (SGR) did not show any difference in the fries. The relative gut length in the fries were smaller than I (RLG〈1) and fries with an average weight of 0.5 to 1 gram were released into their natural habitat.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Seminatural propagation ; Roach ; Rutilus rutilus caspicus ; Feeding ; Growth ; Rearing ; Temperature ; Spawning ; Estuary ; Female ; Male ; Fertilization ; Zooplankton ; Rotifer ; Rotatoria sp. ; Daphnia sp. ; Fries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.165-170
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  • 57
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    A survey on water quality management in ponds of Penaeus semisulcatus Helleh Site Bushehr (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this work we have surveyed on six ponds of p.semisulcatus shrimp in the investigation farn1 that have located at helleh site in the Bushehr province from May 2001. Our main goal in this project were : (l) Measurements of quality factors in water and sediment (2) Offering possible proposals for making development in water quality of culture ponds With respect to the time of shrimp stocking and harvesting the frequencies of water and sediment sampling were twice and once per month , respectively. Also two sediment sampling of the pond bed have done before pond watering and after harvesting The measured factors in the water were : pH , salinity , dissolved oxygen , transparency , temperature ( Twice a, day in the morning and the afternoon ) , chlorophyll-a nitrate , nitrite orthophosphate , iron , biochemical oxygen demand , chemical oxygen demand , TSS , T DS, total alkalinity, organic nitrogen the sediment were : pH , alkalinity , iron , total organic matter (TOM) , total nitrogen and grain size The measurement of grain size have done in two times ( before pond watering and after harvesting The results show low concentration of the essential nutrient such as phosphate and nitrate , high concentration of ammonia , high pH , undesirable transparency , high alkalinity of sediments and a great amount of clay in pond bed On the basis of above description , we need to renewing our management in fertilizing , feedings , liming and important the quality of bed.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Survey ; Penaeus semisulcatus ; Dissolved oxygen ; Transparency ; Temperature ; Chlorophyll-a ; Alkalinity ; Fertilization ; Feeding
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 69pp.
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  • 58
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    Brood production of Barbus xanthopterus by fingerling rearing (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study has been carried out to determine the possibility of producing Gattan fish (Barbus xanthopterus) brooders in captivity condition. For this reason during in year 2004-2005, 600 specimen of Gattan in three pond and in 2008, from two local point shilat and research center, 200 specimen in two ponds were placed. The area of each pond was 1800 square meters. In the first period of rearing, total weight and total length of nearly two years old brooders reached to 989 g and 44 cm respectively. All of the fishes were male (except one case) and they had become mature. In second rearing period, 27 percent of shilat specimens and 42 percent of research center specimens were female. In 22 months old fishes, the males and females of shilat specimens reached to mean weight 716 and 658 g and mean length 382 and 365 cm respectively. Also, the male and females of research center specimens reached to mean weight was 1195 and 11064 g and mean length 443 and 425 cm respectively, when they were 22 months old. The absolute and specific growth rate in two rearing periods showed ascending trend and the 100 percent of brooders were survived. The male fishes were matured in 2 years old and the mature female fishes were not observed. The brooders response to pituitary extract in research center specimens was found to be more than shilat specimens.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Rearing ; Gattan ; Maturity ; Sex ratio ; Fertilization ; Hatching ; Fecundity ; Survivor ; Brood production ; Barbus xanthopterus ; Fingerling ; Specimen
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 38pp.
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  • 59
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    Induction of Tetraploidy in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by heat shock (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study has been conducted for determination of optimum time and duration of thermal shock on tetraploidy induction in Rainbow trout. This study was carried out by induction of 28°C thermal shock in different times after fertilization (49.5, 54.0, 58.5, 63.0, 67.5, 72.0, 76.5 and 81,0°C/hour and different duration (8, 10 and 12 min). Nuclear erythrocytes, cellular area and volume measurement were determined among blood smears of fingerling and statistic analysis showed that, induction of tetraploidy was conducted between 0-75% on various treatment, but highest tetraploidy yield (8.4%) was achieved by thermal shock on 28°C within 12 minutes, 74 degree-hour after fertilization. Moreover, tetra ploidy diagnostic was also approved by determination of nucleolus number in fishes. In this respect tetraploid and diploid fishes have 3-4 and 1-2 nucleolus, respectively.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Tetraploidy ; Onchorhynchus mykiss ; Thermal shock ; Rainbow trout ; Fertilization ; Fingerlings
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.143-152
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  • 60
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    Effects of enriched food with selenium nanoparticles on breeding efficiency of female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This research investigated the influence of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on the reproductive performance of female rainbow trout (mykiss Oncorhynchus) broodstocks. A total of 120 female broodstock were selected from breeders of the Shahid Motahary Coldwater Fishes Genetic and Breeding Research Center. After adaptation, fish were divided into four treatments in three replicates. Fish were fed diets containing 0 (control) 0.5, 1 and 2 mg SeNPs per kg of diet for 60 days. Eggs quality parameters such as fecundity, fertilization rate, eyed egg rate, hatching, etc. were evaluated. The highest fertilization rate was observed in fish fed with 2 mg selenium (99.30%), which had a significant difference with control groups (p〈 0.05) but did not show any significant difference (p〉0.05) with fish fed 0.5 mg and 1 mg SeNPs. Broodstocks fed with 2 mg SeNPs had the highest absolute fecundity, which had a significant difference with groups fed 1 mg SeNPs (p 〈0.05), but did not show significant difference with other two treatments (p 〉0.05). ) The highest and the lowest relative fecundity were seen in group fed 2 mg SeNPs and 1 mg SeNPs, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in relative fecundity between treatments (p 〉0.05). The highest egg diameter was in fish fed 0.5 mg SeNPs. Egg diameter in the control group, fish fed 2 and 1 mg SeNPs, were 5.39, 5.39 and 5.40 mm, respectively). There was no significant difference for egg diameters among gruops (p〉 0.05). The highest and the lowest mean total egg weight were in group fed 0.5 mg SeNPs and 1 mg SeNPs, respectively, and no significant differences were observed between treatments (P 〉0.05). The highest percentage of hatching was observed in groups fed 2 mg SeNPs, which had a significant difference with other treatments (p 〈0.05). The highest survival rate was observed in groups fed 2 mg SeNPs too, which showed no significant difference with other treatments (p 〉0.05). Increase in the survival rate associated with an increase in the concentration of SeNPs. In general, inclusion of SeNPs in diet, improve the quality and quantity of eggs and reproductive function (fertilization, eyed rate and hatching) in rainbow trout breeders.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Fish ; Breeding ; Fertilization ; Fecundity ; Selenium
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.79-88
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  • 61
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    Hybridization in Salmonidae (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This paper described hybrid between two species of Salmonidae Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) & Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius). Caspian salmon is a native fish in the Caspian Sea which migrate for spawning to the Mazandaran Rivers in the northern part of Iran during the autumn. Annually some broodstock of this type of fish are caught from the rivers and carried to fish farm in order to produce smolts. Then released them to the rivers to preserve stock Rainbow trout is also used for intensive culture in Iran since we would like to have inherit intermediate of these species. After selection of broodstock and fertilization we assayed many factors such as: Feeding, growth, systematic, cytogenetic, internal organs, tolerance to deficiency of oxygen and high temperature. In addition, we also compared with control. The result showed that the hybrid is intermediate between parental, and suitable for intensive culture.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Species ; Salmonidae ; Rainbow trout ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Caspian salmon ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Smolt ; Spawning ; Migrate ; Broodstock ; Fertilization ; Feeding ; Growth ; Systematic ; Cytogenetic ; Hybridization
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.46-54
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  • 62
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    An investigation on all male production of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of two hormones and an anti-aromatase, i.e. 17 methyl testosterone (MT), methyl di hydrotestosterone (MDHT) or mestanolone and letozole in masculinization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh station situated in Yazd province in center of Iran. Each experiment in this study was consisted of 5 treaments with 3 replicates each. A number of 1725 larvaes was distributed randomly among 15 replicates at the beginning of each experiment. Each experiment lasted 45 days and the larvaes were reared in aerated flow-through pots and fiberglass tanks filled with brackish water. The averages for temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen of water were 26.9 ê, 8 g/l, 7.6 and 5.78% respectively during this study. In experiment 1, three different doses of 40, 60 and 100 mg MT/k of feed were fed to different groups of 7 day post fertilization (dpf) larvaes for 45 days from the beginning of the experiment. The results showed that the larvaes in 40 mg group were 100 percent masculinized based on squash test performed at the end of the experiment but masculinization rates of those in 60 and 100 mg groups were 99.7 and 96.2 perecent respectively. Based on Dunkan test, total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 3 (at the end of the experiment) were not significantly different among groups but in biometry 2 (30 days after the beginning of experiment), they were significantly lesser only in 40 mg group (P〈0.05). There was significant differences in survival rate of different groups of larvaes in this experiment based on chi-square test (χ=31.166, P〈0.05) and the values in 40 and 100 mg groups (74.5 and 82.9% respectively) were lesser than those in 60 mg, control 1 and control 2 groups (84.3, 89.0 and 87.0 respectively). In experiment 2, masculinization rates of two different groups of larvaes immersed in 1800 µg MDHT/liter once in 10dpf and twice in 10 and 14dpf were 80.0 and 91.9 percent respectively. There were no significant differences in total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 2 between different groups but significant differences were observed in total body length only in biometry 3 (P〈0.05) where the highest values occurred in experiment 1 and control 1 groups and the lowest one in experiment 2. Significant differences observed in survival rate of different groups of larvaes in this experiment based on chi-square test (χ=15.165, P〈0.05) and the rates in experiment 1, control 2 and 3 groups (89.9, 86.4 and 89.9% respectively) were higher than those in experiment 2 and control 1 groups (82.0 and 82.3 respectively). In experiment 3, three different doses of anti-aromatse letrozole (200, 300 and 400 mg/k feed) were fed to different groups of 7 day post fertilization (dpf) larvaes for 45 days from the beginning of the experiment. The larvaes in 400 group .were all masculinized whereas the masculinization rates in 200 and 300 mg groups were 99.0 and 99.6% respectively. There were significant differences in total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 2 and 3 among groups in this experiment (P〈0.05) where the highest and the lowest values occurred in control 2 and experime2 groups respectively. Based on chi-square, the survival rate of different groups was significantly different (χ=41.119, P〈0.05) and the lowest rate occurred in experiment 2 group. No significant differences observed in gender ratios whithin all control groups in this study based on chi-square test. According to the findings aquired under the condition of brackish water at the present study, it would be potentially recommended to use MT and letrozole for the production of all male polpulations of Nile tilapia fish in order to provide fish farmers with no harmful environmental impacts on water sources in rivers and seas which occured due to the uncontroled breeding of tilapia. However, more research is needed to draw firm conclusions to use hormones and in especial anti-aromase letrozole because of the shortage of sufficient data in current references.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Masculinization ; Nile tilapia ; 17α-methyl testosterone ; Methyl di hydro testosterone ; Mestanolone ; Body weight gain ; Total body lenght ; Brackish water ; Male ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Hormones ; Temperature ; Salinity ; pH ; Dissolved oxygen ; Fertilization ; Survival rate ; Larvae ; Investigation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 61pp.
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  • 63
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    Cryopreservation of Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) semen (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: breeding has moved beyond the point of simply propagating random stock. Genetic potential can be improved by establishing and crossing genetically defined strains, crossing species and manipulating gametes. Some of these activities require cryopreservation of semen. Cryopreserved sperm could also be a means of exchange of genetic material between locations and populations when transportation of live fish is restricted. In this study we had a survey on rainbow trout sperm quality in Genetic and Breeding Center for Coldwatwr Fishes, Shahid Motahari, Yasouj. Then Cryopreservation trials on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm were carried out using six basic extenders. Egg batches of 25 g were inseminated with semen frozen in five 0.5-ml straws. Thowing temperature of cryopreserved sperm also was tested. In anather trial we investigate different cryoprotectant. The result showd that the best period for sperm collection in this center was from Novamber to January. The best extender based on sperm motility parameters were extender 2 and 1 with 57.2 and 56.9% fertilisatin rates, respectively. So this two extender were used in the further experiments. The best thowing temperathre was 25°C in 30s. Testing different cryoprotectant, adding 10% methanol to extender 1 gave the highest fertilization rate (64.6%) among cryoprotectant that used with this extender. In the other extender (2) adding 5% DMSO and mixture of 5% DMSO and 1% glycerol gave the highest fertilization rates (64.8% and 67.0%, respectively). In conclusion using extender 1 and 2 with mentioned cryoprotectant and thowing rate of 25°C in 30 s was recammended for rainbow trout sperm cryopreservation.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Sperm cryopreservation ; Rainbow trout ; Extender ; Cryoprotectant ; Onchorhynchus mykiss ; Breeding ; Genetic ; Coldwater ; Temperature ; Fertilization
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 51pp.
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  • 64
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    Creating a sperm bank from sturgeon brood stocks in the South Caspian Sea (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Sturgeon stocks are drastically decreasing in Caspian Sea during recent decades. This project has been proposed to collect the excess sperm of Caspian Sea Southern part sturgeon breeders, to cryopreserve and hold them for further use. During two spawning seasons (2006-2007), sperm quality and quantity analysis were conducted on 34 different male sturgeons of which 12 Persian sturgeon, 4 stellate sturgeon, 1 beluga and 1 ship sturgeon with better quality were chosen to cryopreserve. After dilution of fresh sperm with sturgeon sperm diluent (115 mM Tris, 23.4 mM sucrose and 15% DMSO) at the ratio of 1:1, the 0.5 ml straws were filled using special filling and sealing apparatus and frozen with a multi step freezing rate. To access the further quality and fertilization test, samples were thawed at 40 °C for 20 seconds. During the project performance, 1010 ml of Persian sturgeon sperm , 110 ml of ship sturgeon sperm , 90 ml of stellate and 80 ml of beluga sperm were cryopreserved. The reduction of frozen-thawed sperm motility in comparison with fresh samples showed 10-52.3 % decrease, but there was not any significant differences between samples after 7 months preservation in liquid Nitrogen (P 〈 0.005). River caught Persian sturgeon samples showed higher sperm density in comparison with nonriverine breeders (P 〈 0.05). Data showed that stellate sturgeon sperm showed better resistance to freezing condition in comparison with Persian sturgeon spermatozoa. Fertilization tests (4 hours after fertilization)showed 27.4% and 58.2% fertilization rate in frozen-thawed stellate and Persian sturgeon spermatozoa, respectively.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Spermatozoa ; Cryopreservation ; Percentage of motility ; Sperm bank ; Sturgeon ; Brood stocks ; Spawning ; Fertilization ; Samples ; Density
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 50pp.
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  • 65
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    Study of recirculation of inorganic nutrients (orthophosphte, nitrate) in relation with productivity in sturgeon rearing ponds (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The recirculation of inorganic nutrients orthophosphate and nitrate in relation with productivity in sturgeon rearing ponds was studied through two rearing periods at the Shahid Beheshti Hatchery. The first rearing period commenced on May 24, 1998 and ended on July 26, 1998 whereas the second rearing period commenced on May 16, 1999 and ended on June 26, 1999. Four earthen ponds with a surface area of 2 hectares each were used in this studied of which three ponds (number 25, 26 and 27) were considered experimental ponds and one pond (number 24) was used as the control. Results obtained in the first rearing period indicate that the fertilization program employed in this study was suitable to maintain the productivity of experimental ponds. Growth rates in fingerlings also indicate a rapid increase in growth during the first few weeks of rearing. However unfavorable conditions encountered at the end of the rearing period (increase in water temperature, decrease in dissolved oxygen concentrations, deterioration of water quality etc.,) lead to decrease in food consumption by fingerlings that ultimately resulted in decrease in growth and survival rate of fingerlings (survival rate 60 % in first year). On the basis of the results obtained in the first year, measures were taken to and increase the biomass of benthic organisms in the rearing ponds. The biomass of benthic organisms in experimental ponds increased from a maximum of 2.1 g m-2 in the first year to a maximum of 189 g mo in the second year. However despite the management policies employed to maintain productivity and meet the food requirements of A. persicus fingerlings, water scarcity that prevailed in the entire region lead to an increase in water temperature, decrease in dissolved oxygen concentrations, over growth of aquatic vegetation and thus survival rate of fingerlings dropped to less than 40 % in the second year. Results obtained from scientific studies reveal that increase in pond productivity does not depend on basic knowledge alone. Techniques involved in pond management that provide suitable conditions required for fish culture such as stock assessment* basic control of fish growth, proper utilization of food resources in ponds and fertilization etc., play a significant role in this regard.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Sturgeon culture ; Productivity ; Fertilization ; Live food ; Survival ; Nutrients
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 58pp.
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  • 66
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    Determination of optimum Dosage of Ovaprim injectionon Artificial spawning Efficiency of Esox Lucius (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This project was conducted to goal of optimum dosage determination of ovaprim injection to artificial spawning efficiency of Esox lucius. The research implemented by 4 treatments with 3 replicates for each ones. 3 female and 6 male brooders injected in each replicate. The animals in 1, 2 and 3 treatments injected by 10, 20 and 30 µg/kg BW, respectively, and 4th treatment as a control injected with 4 mg/kg BW pituitary gland extract. Average weight of brooders were 1361±521, 1376±954, 1009±160 and 1100 ±422 g in 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatments in females and 689±145, 734±197, 547±118 and 794±238 g in males, respectively. In addition, positive response percent to hormone injection were measured 77.8 ±19.24 , 88.9 ± 19.24 , 55.5 ±50.91 and 55.5 ± 19.24 % in 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatments in female and 94.4 ± 9.58, 88.9 ±19.26 , 83.3±28.86 and 88.9 ± 19.26 % in male brooders, respectively, but there was no significant different between all of treatments (p〈0.05). Incubation period from fertilization till hatching step in 7 to 15 ˚C was 5 to 10 days with average of 7±1.5 days. Fertilization content was in 1 to 4 treatments measured 87.1±10, 88.04±7.7, 83.9±5.2 and 72.4±19.7 %, respectively and also the treatments didn’t show any different significantly together (p〈0.05). Average percentage of eyed eggs 66.6±15.9 in treat 1, 61.2±22.3 in treat 2, 58.3±10.7 in treat 3 and 56.1±15.04 in treat 4, without any significant different between of them (p〈0.05). Hatching of eggs mean were measured 27.41±19.8 in treat 1, 39.53±26.9 in treat 2, 95.18±5.6 in treat 3 and 26.78±12.4 in treat 4, and significant different observed between of them too (p〈0.05).In the other hand, mean percent of larvae with active feeding in these treatments were measured 18.77±14.6, 20.1±8.51, 55.6±11.6 and 14.51±7.72 as the treatments had significant different (p〈0.05). Also, the best temperature and dosage injection of ovaprim hormone was 9 to 12.5 ˚C and 20µg/kg BW, respectively.The end of trial, from 103740 larvae introduced to earthen pond obtained 8000 fingerlings with weight of 2.68±0.6 g and length of 6.96±0.51 cm.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Esox Lucius ; Reproduction ; Spawning ; Ovaprim Injection ; Fecundations ; Hatching ; Brooders ; Females ; Males ; Fertilization ; Hormone ; Larvae ; Earthen pond ; Fingerlings
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 168pp.
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  • 67
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    Study of Possibility of Reproduction and Mass Culture of Nereis diversicolor (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The present study was firstly conducted to study the rate of sexual maturity in Nereis diversicolor under suitable conditions of temperature and photoperiod. The second objective was to determine the potential of artificial breeding in these worms for mass culture. Nereis diversicolor worms were collected from the Anzali lagoon in 4000 sampling operations during the years 2004 to 2006 using Ekman grab with a surface area of 400 cm2. The water salinity, temperature and total organic matter (TOM) of sediments in the sampling region was recorded. The worms were maintained in 0.5 tons (1 x 1 m2) tanks containing clayey-muddy sediment to a height of 20 cm covered with 10 cm water (5 ‰) until they reached a weight of 200-300 mg. Sexual maturity in this species was attained at 4-6 ºC and spawning occurred at approximately 16 ºC. The first gametes were observed five weeks after the temperature increased from 6 to 16 ºC. Sexual maturity was studied at various salinities (0.5, 5, 12, and 15 ‰). Results indicate that these worms attained earlier sexual maturity at salinity of 15 ‰, compared to other salinities studied. No significant differences (P〉0.05) were observed between sexual maturity attained at 12 ‰ and 15 ‰. Stocking density (20, 50, 100, 150 worms) was studied in terms of sex and showed that number of females were higher than males and the ratio was 11:1 (female:male). No significant differences (P〉0.05) were observed between the various stocking densities and their replicates. The effect of light and photoperiod in synchronizing reproduction in male and female N. diversicolor was studied. It was evident that reproduction behavior in adult worms increased for a period of one week at the end of each month after they are exposed to a prolonged photoperiod (L:D=16:8) followed by a period of dim light (simulated using 1 W lamps). Feeding trials were carried out with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, formulated fish diets and humus. Results showed that this diet was effective in speeding up sexual maturity in worms and significant effect of treatment was observed (P〈0.05) in worms fed a diet of humus alone. Eggs and sperms were fertilized and worms developed from the young monotrochophore with jelly layer to the trochophore larvae.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Reproduction ; Sexual Maturity ; Fertilization ; Nereis Diversicolor ; Culture ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Spawning ; Female ; Male ; Larvae ; Sacchromyces cerevisiae ; Density
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 68pp.
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  • 68
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    Cryopreservation of Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) semen (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Breeding has moved beyond the point of simply propagating random stock. Genetic potential can be improved by establishing and crossing genetically defined strains, crossing species and manipulating gametes. Some of these activities require cryopreservation of semen. Cryopreserved sperm could also be a means of exchange of genetic material between locations and populations when transportation of live fish is restricted. In this study we had a survey on rainbow trout sperm quality in Genetic and Breeding Center for Coldwatwr Fishes, Shahid Motahari, Yasouj. Then Cryopreservation trials on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm were carried out using six basic extenders. Egg batches of 25 g were inseminated with semen frozen in five 0.5-ml straws. Thowing temperature of cryopreserved sperm also was tested. In anather trial we investigate different cryoprotectant. The result showd that the best period for sperm collection in this center was from Novamber to January. The best extender based on sperm motility parameters were extender 2 and 1 with 57.2 and 56.9% fertilisatin rates, respectively. So this two extender were used in the further experiments. The best thowing temperathre was 25°C in 30s. Testing different cryoprotectant, adding 10% methanol to extender 1 gave the highest fertilization rate (64.6%) among cryoprotectant that used with this extender. In the other extender (2) adding 5% DMSO and mixture of 5% DMSO and 1% glycerol gave the highest fertilization rates (64.8% and 67.0%, respectively). In conclusion using extender 1 and 2 with mentioned cryoprotectant and thowing rate of 25°C in 30 s was recammended for rainbow trout sperm cryopreservation.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Sperm cryopreservation ; Rainbow trout ; Extender ; Cryoprotectant ; Onchorhynchus mykiss ; Breeding ; Genetic ; Population ; Survey ; Coldwater ; Egg ; Temperature ; Sperm ; Motility ; Fertilization
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 51pp.
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  • 69
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    An investigation on possibility of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feminization under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of different doses of oral diethylstilbestrol (DES) on feminization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) larvae under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh fisheries research center. This Experiment was comprised of two control groups in two replicates and two experimental ones in three replicates. At the beginning of the trial, a number of 2150 larvae were randomly distributed among 10 replicates that were under treatment for 45 days. The diets in two control groups, i.e. non-treated, C1, and ethanol treated feed, C2, and the ones in two experimental groups, i.e. 200 and 400 mg DES/k of feed, E1 and E2, were administrated to 7 day post fertilization (dpf) larvae for a period of 35 days and then until day 45, the larvae were fed with ordinary feed. At the end of the trial, the gender ratio of larvae in different groups was determined by squash test in 50 randomly selected individuals from each replicate. The results showed no significant differences for gender ratios within control groups (respective male to female ratio in C1 and C2 was 47:53 and 57:43). However, the corresponding ratios within experimental ones, fed with 200 and 400 mg DES/k of feed respectively, was significantly different (P〈0.05). Noteworthy that the percent of females between two experimental groups (E1 and E2) was not significantly different (70.0 and 64.7 respectively) but it was significantly different with ratios in experimental groups (P〈0.05). The total body length and live body weight were determined at the begging and then at day 30 and 45, it was randomly measured in 20 larvae from each replicate. At the beginning of the experiment, the mean body weight and total length of larvae was 0.012 gram and 1.03 centimeter respectively. The respective averages at day 30 and 45 were significantly different among groups (P〈0.05). Survival rate was significantly different among groups (P〈0.05), being highest in E1 and E2 respectively whereas lowest in control ones (56.51 and 58.84 in C1 and C2 respectively).
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Experimental ; Nile tilapia ; Feminization ; Diethylstilbestrol ; Brackish Water ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Fisheries ; Fertilization ; Larvae ; Females ; Survival rate
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 34pp.
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  • 70
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    Effect of synthetic and algal astaxanthin on the reproduction efficiency and growth of larval stage in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This research was done in a trout farm in Kohkiloyeh and Boyer- Ahmad province. The main object of this study was comparing of two sources of astaxanthin (synthetic or algae) in feed on reproduction efficiency of rainbow trout and some indices of egg quality. Therefore, it was considered 7 groups consisting 6 treatments of two different astaxanthin sources and a control (without astaxanthin). So, algal astaxanthin (haematococcus pluvialis) in the three levels of 2.67, 3.55 and 8gr/kg food (T1,T2, T3) and synthetic source in three levels of 40, 80 and 120mg/kg food in diet (T4, T5, T6) examined on 140 trout broods (3-4 years) for 4 months, before the spawning season. Reproduction efficiency analyzed through reproduction indices such as egg diameter, fecundity, fertilization, survival, hatching and eyed egg rates. Significant difference between treatments in terms of fecundity, eyed eggs rate and the number of eggs per gram was observed (P 〈0.05). Although in some factors such as diameter, egg weight per body and fertilization rate, no significant differences was observed. By increasing level of astaxanthin in both sources of algal and synthetic, hatching and eyed egg rates increased, but the effect of alga source on these indices was more perfect. Considering the results, the best result related to treatment of 8 gr/kg alga (T3). Observations during this research indicated no disease and mortality and also proper coloration and freshness of fishes. There was significant differences on blood factors (P 〈0.05). The broods were fed with algal astaxanthin had lower blood sugar. concentration of cholesterol was decressed alog with increasing in both the source of astaxanthin, however lower cholesterol relaed to algal astaxanthin. Total serum protein increased in treatments containing algal from 2.67 to 8 g/kg of astaxanthin. Increase in level of astaxanthin from 40 to 80 mg/kg, albumin increased and from 80 to 120 mg/kg, it was decreased. The changes in serum globulin treatments containing synthetic was not regular. Overall the results asserted that the application of astaxanthin improves reproduction performance of rainbow trout. It also concluded that natural astaxanthin (Haematococcus pluvialis) for the reason that contains supplementary nutritious, is extraordinary preferable than synthetic astaxanthin to improve reproductions indices and egg quality of rainbow trout.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Rainbow trout ; Astaxanthin ; Haematococcus pluvialis ; Reproduction efficiency ; Larval stage ; Broods health ; Synthetic ; Algal astaxanthin ; Growth ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Eggs ; Spawning ; Fecundity ; Fertilization
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 81pp.
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  • 71
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    Preliminary study on hatching of rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) and copepods (Cyclopoida): response to flooding and organic fertilisation (2006)
    WIOMSA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The effect of water flooding, organic fertiliser application and salinity manipulation in stimulating the hatching of rotifer resting eggs was investigated during the dry season (in August/September 1999) in simulation tanks and earthen ponds at Makoba, Zanzibar. The majority of hatched zooplankton included rotifers, identified as Brachionus plicatilis, and other zooplankton such as copepods and protozoa were present in small numbers. The number of rotifers hatched in simulation treatments with low salinity was higher than the values in treatments containing undiluted seawater. Up to 22 ± 1.5 (mean ± SE) rotifers/ml were counted in treatments with low salinity, whereas only a maximum of 13 ± 1. rotifers/ml were found in high-salinity treatments. On the other hand, although salinity in earthen ponds was similar (32–33‰), the ponds flooded and fertilised with chicken manure yielded significantly more rotifers (26 ± 1 /ml), compared to a maximum of only 8 ± 0.5 rotifers/ml counted in the control unfertilized pond. These results suggest that it is possible to induce hatching and production of rotifers by manipulating salinity and fertility of ponds. The reared rotifers can be harvested and used to feed finfish larvae elsewhere.
    Description: Published
    Description: Brachionus plicatilis; Rotifers; Copepods; Mesocosm
    Keywords: Eggs ; Salinity ; Fertilization ; Eggs ; Resting spores ; Salinity ; Flooding ; Hatching
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
    Format: 110388 bytes
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  • 72
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    The propagation efficiency of Acipenser persicus in restocking fish farms of Mazandaran and Golestan Provinces (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The normative of two Acipenser persicus broodstocks were scored during spawning season in 2002-2003. The breeders were caught from the southern part of the Caspian Sea. 158 breeders of Shahid Rajaii fish farm and 269 of Shahid Marjani were investigated. After checking egg quality and hormonal injection of fish, harvested egg were fertilized by common sturgeon hatchery method. Incubation temperature was about 17-22֯ C and hatchery period lasted 5-7 days (110-115 degree-days). About 55 percent of breeders had response to hypophysis injection. The range of somatic index (G.V) of spawned fish was varied from 4.4 to 9.9 in Shahid Rajaii farm and 4.73 to 10.96 in Shahid Marjani farm. In immature breeders it was more than 11. The optimum temperature spawning was from 15.5 to 18֯ C and 17 to 20֯ C in Shahid Rajaii and Shahid Marjani farm respectively. The average weights of breeders were 28.14 in Shahid Rajaii farm and in Shahid Marjani farm were 30.31. The average of fork length, G V and fertilization rate, that are important normative factors in breeding of sturgeon were 169.96, 7.58 and %75.31 in Shahid Rajaii farm, 158.83, 7.93 and %64.57 in Shahid Marjanii farm respectively and there was significant difference between two station (P〈0.05). Correlation and regression between 15 propagation normative were statistically analyzed and discussed.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Acipenser persicus ; Propagation normative ; Spawning ; Fertilization ; Common sturgeon ; Temperature ; Breeding ; Hypophysis ; Spawning
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.159-166
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  • 73
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    Effect of using different types of organic animal manure on plankton abundance, growth performance and survival of Carps fry in fiberglass tanks (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this research, the effect of organic fertilizers was studied on the growth performance of carps fry. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and three replications in 300 liters of tanks within 3 months. 60 pieces of fish fry with an average weight of 0.6 ± 0.05 g were randomly storage in each tank per 0.5: 1.5: 2: 6 (respectively, 5%, 15%, 20% and 60% respectively big head, grass carp, common carp, silver carp). Seven treatments were included control (C), vermicompost of 1 kg/m3 (T1), vermicompost fertilizer 1.5 kg/m3 (T2), compost fertilizer 1 kg/m3 (T3), compost fertilizer 1.5 kg/m3 (T4), cow manure 1 kg/m3 (T5), chicken manure 0.6 kg/m3 (T6) used in 3 replicates. Primary production, plankton and water quality parameters (temperature, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen-ammonium and phosphate) were measured weekly or twice weekly. At the end of the experiment period, the growth indices were measured. The results showed that the highest amount of dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a concentration, phytoplankton and zooplankton was observed in T1 treatment and the lowest in control group (p〈0.05). The highest amount of benthos was observed in T6 treatment compared to other group. Based on the results, the best growth performance was observed in T1 treatment, except to T6 treatment with other treatments (p〈0.05). Overall, the results of this study suggest that vermicompost application of 1 kg/m3 can improve the quality parameters of water, plankton and performance of Carps fry.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Cyprinus carpio ; Fish ; Growth ; Fertilization ; Fry ; Plankton
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.49-58
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  • 74
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    Effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on Growth, Body composition and biological and reproductive performances of adult Yellow fin sea bream , Acanthopagrus latus (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, feed utilization and reproductive performance and biochemical composition of Acanthopagrus latus broodstock. Nine diets representing a combination of three protein levels (40, 50 and 60%) and three lipid levels (15, 20 and 25%) were tested with three replicates in 1140 L cylindrical tanks. Each replicate was stocked with 10 fish with a sex ratio of 1:1 and the average weights were 415g and 236g for females and males respectively. Fish were fed to satiation, twice daily. The growth of females was not significantly affected (P 〉0.05) protein and lipid levels but growth of males was significantly affected (P〈0.05) by dietary protein and lipid levels. Except of protein and lipid efficiency ratios, feed utilization performances of A. latus broodstock was significantly influenced by dietary protein and lipid levels. Reproductive performances of A. latus broodstock was significantly affected by dietary protein and lipid levels, except of buoyant eggs and fertilization rate percentages. Egg dimension, hatchling and 3 day-old larvae were significantly (P〈0.05) affected by dietary protein and lipid levels. Body crude protein and lipid concentration were significantly (P〈0.05) affected by dietary protein and lipid levels. Protein and lipid concentration of newly hatch and 3 daypost hatching larvae varied significantly (P〈0.05), whereas only the crude lipid content of the egg varied significantly (P〈0.05) with the change of dietary protein and lipid levels. The ratio essential amino acid to non-essential amino acid of carcass, egg, newly hatched and 3 days post hatching larvae were significantly influenced by dietary protein and lipid levels. Fatty acid profile of carcass, liver, egg, hatchling and 3 days post hatching larvae was generally affected by dietary protein and lipid levels. The present study revealed that the best biological and reproductive performance of Acanthopagrus latus broodstock could be achieved at 60% dietary protein and 20% dietary lipid concentration.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biological ; Yellowfin Seabream ; Protein ; Lipid ; Brooder ; Dietary ; Growth ; Body composition ; Adult ; Acanthopagrus latus ; Feed utilization ; Acanthopagrus ; Broodstock ; Males ; Females ; A. latus ; Fertilization ; Egg dimension ; Larvae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 85pp.
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  • 75
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    Investigation on propagation of Sparidentex hasta (sobaity) in spawning tanks and rearing of larvae up to Fingerling (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In order to achieve biotechnic normative of Sobaity Sparidentex hasta propagation and its fries rearing, 96 brood stocks were caught by using hook from Bandar Imam and Mahshahr creeks. For natural spawning, at first stage some selected broodstocks (sex ratio 2:1 & 1:1 male to female) were directly introduced to spawning tanks. In this method eggs were absorbed and spawning was not occured. For artificial spawning (natural spawning with hormone injection): At second stage for males, in one step, 40 g kg-1 and 200 Iu kg-1 body weight and for females, in two steps, 75 g kg-1 and 500 Iu kg-1 LRHa & HCG hormones were injected. After introducing broodstocks to 40- tone oval tanks, spawning occurred only in female and also some ingected broodstocks were spawned artificially and all obtained larvae died after four days. At third stage 6 g kg-1 and 1000 Iu kg-1 body weight of PG and HCG hormones were injected to broodstock respectively. HCG hormone injected in two steps (1/2 dose each stop in 24 hours duration). Metoclopramide was used at the first step and PG hormone injected with second step of HCG coincidentally. In this method spawning, fertilization and fry production occurred. The results indicated that sobaity, with hormone injection is able to spawn at 12-19 c (which is available in Khouzestan in March). The time of hatching was 42-50 hours, absorption of larvae Yolk sac 96-120 hours. The size of one- day- larvae was 1.4- 1.7mm and 65-day- fry was 24mm.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biotechnic ; PG ; HCG ; LRHa ; Fries ; Rearing ; Brood stock ; Spawning ; Sex ratio ; Hormone ; Metochlopramide ; Fertilization ; Hatching ; Larvae ; Sparidentex hasta ; Sobaity ; Investigation ; Propagation ; Fingerling
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 55pp.
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  • 76
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    Artificial spawning of Esox lucius (Pike), culturing fingerling size fish, providing Bio-normative (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The research project was implemented to obtain bio-normative of artificial spawning of Esox lucius and rear fries until fingerling size in earthen ponds. The artificial spawning occured in 4 stages, totally 96 brooders (32 females and 64 males) were used for the experiments. The pituitary gland hormone of common carp was injected at 4-7 mg per kg of body weight in each dose to the spawner females. The water temperature during spawning was 8-150C and the time of artificial spawning started from 4 of February to 20 of March. The maximum weight of brooder was 4 kg and the minimum 0.75 kg; the oldest female fish brooder was 6 years old and the male 5 years; the minimum age for both sexes was three years. The spawning took place both by natural state in earthen ponds and also by eggs extraction and fertilization. The quantity of eggs extracted from female spawner composed between 10-20 percent of the body weight. There was no significant differences between one and two step hormone injections. The injected female brooder was ready for artificial spawning 48-74 hours later. Mean incubation period lasted 120 degree days and yolk sac absorption lasted 160-180 degree days. The eggs stickiness was rather high and the rate of fertilization fluctuated between 45-85%. One gram dry eggs contain 90-150 ovum with 1.5-2 mm diameter, and swelled eggs were 70-85 pieces with 2.5-3.5 mm diameter. Absolute, relative and working fecundity calculated 22400-112000, 19760-36920and 5200-67400 eggs respectively. Larvae feeding, after yolk sac absorption, was performed with a solution of dry milk and soya bean juice. The feeding first was conducted with soya bean juice and Artemia nauplius in earthen ponds. After wards the natural productions of the pond, having been enriched with chicken manure, were used. The survival rate, from larvae to fingerling size, was 20-22% during 50 days culture period. During this time the fly grew to 7.4 gr with 8.5 cm length, in average.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Spawning ; Esox lucius ; Pike ; Fingerling ; Size ; Fish ; Bio - normative ; Brooders ; Pituitary gland ; Hormone ; Carp ; Temperature ; Weight ; Female ; Male ; Sex ; Eggs ; Fertilization ; Fecundity ; Artemia nauplius
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.49-58
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  • 77
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    Equalization of sperm concentration of Caspian brown trout Salmo trutta caspius male breeders in mixed milt fertilization and its effect on genetic diversity of F1 progeny (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Conservation of genetic diversity of juveniles used for restocking of natural populations requires serious attention in artificial breeding protocol of the Caspian brown trout Salmo trutta caspius. Unbalanced contribution of male and female breeders to progeny in present artificial breeding has resulted in the reduction of effective population size in breeders. Equalization of milt volume did not also result in balanced contribution of breeders. With regard to the possible effect of sperm concentration on contribution of breeders to production of progeny, effective population size in breeders and genetic diversity of progeny were determined in mixed milt fertilization of 6 male and 2 female breeders with equal sperm concentration and ova number. Parentage assignment was performed using exclusion method in FAP program by analyzing 9 microsatellite loci and choosing the 3 most polymorphic ones, Str 58, Str 73 and Str 591, in breeders. More than 91% of progeny were assigned to their parents. Effective population size was calculated as 5.24 (0.65) and the number of alleles and expected heterozygosity decreased in progeny (6.67 and 0.726 ± 0.011) compared to parents (7.33 and 0.808) significantly (P〉0.05). In conclusion, equalization of sperm concentration of male breeders did not result in the balanced contribution of male breeders to ova fertilization and production of progeny in mixed milt fertilization of Caspian brown trout and genetic diversity of progeny remained significantly decreased.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Equalization ; Sperm ; Concentration ; Male ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Fertilization ; Genetic ; Diversity ; Progeny
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.45-57
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  • 78
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    Investigating the correlation between sperm quality parameters and the amount of contribution by Caspian brown trout male breeders to F1 progeny in mixed milt fertilization (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Artificial breeding and subsequent release of the Caspian brown trout juveniles (Salmo trutta caspius Kessler, from Salmonidae) has been adopted by Iranian Fisheries Organization as a result of fishing pressure on its stocks. Unbalanced contribution of male breeders to F1 progeny is expected with present mixed milt fertilization of gametes. Non-parametric Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between some sperm quality parameters and the contribution of Caspian brown trout male breeders at three trials. In the first trial, fertilization was performed using ova and sperm of four male and four female breeders according to routine hatchery protocol. In the second and third trials, ova and sperm of respectively four and two female and four and six male breeders with equal number of ova and the same volume of milt were fertilized. Parentage assignment of yolk sac absorbed F1 alevins was performed in FAP program using three polymorphic microsatellite loci (Str58, Str73 and Str591). More than 94% of mixed milt produced progeny were assigned to their parents in trials. Sperm motility duration was positively correlated with the number of sired progeny by each male in trials. The correlation was negative between sperm concentration and spermatocrit with amount of contribution by male breeders to F1 progeny. The results reveal the effect of sperm motility duration on the ability of alevin production by Caspian brown trout male breeders at sperm competition condition in mixed milt fertilization of gametes.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Parentage assignment ; Artificial breeding ; Mixed milt fertilization ; Sperm motility ; Caspian brown trout ; Investigating ; Quality ; Parameters ; Fertilization ; Salmo trutta caspius
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.50-60
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  • 79
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    Sperm fertilization capacity of Caspian salmon, Salmo trutta caspius under ultraviolet irradiation (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The optimum dose of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation to produce gynogenetic Caspian salmon, Salmo trutta caspius, with emphasis on the "Hertwig effect" and photoreactivation (PR) were investigated. The sperm of Caspian salmon was irradiated with UV at 2010 ± 200 µw.cm-2 in different times including 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 35 and 45 min and was allowed to fertilize normal ova; the fertilization, eyed and hatching rates were calculated to assess the performance. Using the irradiated sperm decreased the fertilization, eyed as well as hatching rates and the so-called "Hertwig effect" was observed, with the time-dependent decrease in the hatching rates at 0+ to 3 min irradiation, but better hatching rates were observed at more prolonged irradiation times. The best hatching rate was achieved at 25 min of UV irradiation; after that the survival rates rapidly declined to near zero. For PR studies, the semen was irradiated with UV (5, 30 and 120s) and untreated semen (0s) was used as control. Irradiated semen and/or fertilized eggs by treated semen were exposed to visible light (60 W) at a distance of 30 cm for 10 min; the eyed and hatching rates were measured. UV irradiation as low dose as 5s, significantly decreased the hatching rate (P 〈0.05). Semen and/or eggs illumination with visible light could not improve the survival rates (P 〉0.05). So, based on the results of this study, it was impossible to detect any PR mechanism in Caspian salmon.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fertilization ; Salmo trutta caspious ; Ultraviolet ; Caspian Salmon ; Hertwig effect ; Photoreactivation ; Ultraviolet irradiation ; Sperm ; Capacity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.1-13
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    Artificial spawning and fingerling culturing of European Catfish (Silurus glanis L. 1758) (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The present study was conducted to survey the artificial spawning of European catfish (Silurus glanis L.) by synthetic hormones include Carp pituitary extract (CPE), Ovo fact [D-Ala6 des Gly10] GnRHa Ethyl amid in combination with domperidone diluted in propylene glycol, Human gonadotropin chryonic hormone (HCG) and LHRHa (des-Gly10, [D-Ala6] LH-RH Ethyl amide). In this research work 44 male and 72 female brood stokes that transferred to the Shaheed Dr Ansari hatchery and Sefid rod research station were studied on 2 years and injected with those stimulated maturation. Total length, total weight, gonad weight were measured to the nearest 0.1 cm, 1g and 0.01g respectively. The experiments were conducted using different doses of hormones on 4 treatments. In treatment CPE that brood stocks injected with 2.5, 3, 4 and 5 mg/kg/BW, the most responded (83.33%) was with 5mg/kg/Bw of CPE. The mean fertilization in this treatment was 92.5 4.51 and after that there are groups which were stimulated by 4 mg/kg/BW of CPE .In treatment ovafact that brood fish were injected by 10, 20, 30, 40 μg/kg/BW of this stimulation hormone showed 100 percent of fish ovulated in the group treated with 40 μg/kg/BW of ovofact. The mean fertilization rate was 86.08 6.27 in this group. 33.3 % of brood fish ovulated in the group that injected with 40 μg/kg/BW of LHRHa stimulation, but none of brood stock reached to spawning with injection of 30 μg/kg/BW of LHRHa. The brood stocks were injected by 800, 850, 900, 950 IU/kg/BW of HCG, only 33.3 percent of fish in groups that received 900 & 950 IU/kg/BW of this Stimulation hormone reached to spawning stages. According to our results and statistical analysis between trial treatments in percent of Embryo viability showed significant difference (P〈0.05) between HCG treatment with Ovofact and CPE groups. This results indicates that embryo viability was better in CPE and Ovofact rate to LHRHa and HCG treatments. In the other cases include the working fecundity, fertilization percent, latency period of maturation, latency period of incubation eggs and ratio of weigh stripped egg to body weight did not show any significant difference (P〈0.05) in experimental treatments for stripping the male brood stock of European catfish were injected by 3,4,5 mg/kg/BW of CPE, but not one of male brood fish didn’t reaches to stripping stage , so for eggs fertilization were used of milt from macerated Testes of dead males. So in anther experiment the male brood fish were injected by 5 mg/kg/BW CPE repeatedly at once every 5 days for Period 20 day’s period and milt were collected from of all of the males.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Silurus glanis ; Artificial propagation ; CPE ; Ova fact ; HCG ; LHRHa ; Spawning ; Hormones ; Carp ; Maturation ; Brood stocks ; Fecundity ; Fertilization ; European Catfish ; Fingerling
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 92pp.
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  • 81
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    Gynogenesis in Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) and Beluga (Huso huso) (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The objective of the present study was to determine the possible production of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) and Beluga (Huso huso) gynogen / triploids and also to determine the most appropriate type of thermal shock and the duration of induced shock after fertilization. Persian sturgeon and Beluga spawners were collected from Guilan's sturgeon catch stations and transported to the Shahid Beheshti sturgeon hatchery for artificial breeding and restocking programs. Ovulated eggs and sperms were collected based on common procedures in hatcheries. In order to separate the seminal fluids and dilute the milts, sperms were centrifuged at 6000rpm for 20 min. and seminal fluids stored in refrigerator for further use. Sperm motility was investigated. In order to determine the best duration for radiation, the milt was diluted (1:9) with immobilizing solution. Samples of diluted milt were placed for UV irradiation (UV lamp model UVG-54, 254 nm, made by UVP America) for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 1.45, 2, . to 5 min. The motility of radiated sperms and controls were examined under the light microscope and the motility curve was drawn. For application of thermal shock two types of heat shock (32, 34 and 37°C) and cold shock (0±1°C) were used for duration of 2.5 and 60 min respectively. Both thermal shock were applied at 12, 15, 18 min after fertilization. Four experimental groups were designed including; normal eggs as control group and sperms without UV thermal shock), gynogenesis (Sperm irradiated with UV and thermal shock were applied), triploid (thermal shock without radiation by UV on sperm) and haploid group (without thermal shock but using irradiated sperm for fertilization). Verification of the success of treatments was assessed using genetic analysis on sturgeon larvae and fingerlings. In triploids the total surface area, volume of cells and nucleus as well as chromosome number were determined. To identify a gynogenetic larva, microsatellite markers were used to analysis specific loci by using primers designed for lake sturgeon. The results were analyzed using SPSS, Excell software. To determine the significant levels between various parameters and comparison between controls and various treatments, one way of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used. Whenever the significant level was observed to determine its level a Duncan test were examined. Results of present study showed that the best duration for UV radiation on sperms of Beluga was 105-110 seconds. Average fertilization rate for control Beluga was 51%, while in heat shock group it was 2-5 % and in cold shock it was 44.6%. There was a significant difference in fertilization rate in cold shock group compared to heat shock group ( P 0.05), however no difference was observed between 32 and 34°C treatments. The average survival rate of larvae in control group was 51%, while in heat shock treatment (32 and 34° C) it was very low close to zero. However in cold shock treatment the results was better and hatching percentage of larvae was between 30 -35%. Triploid treatment showed better results than gynogenesis group. A minimum triploid larvae obtained from heat shock was zero but using cold shock, the maximum number of 170 specimen was harvested. There was no significant difference in the number of larvae obtained between 32 and 34° C treatments (P 0.05). Although some difference was observed on large and small axes, surface areas and volume of red blood cells but no significant differences were observed between control and triploid groups (P 0.05). In the meantime, the chromosome number in triploid beluga was (3N= 177 ±3) as compared to diploid 2N= 118 ±3, which indicated an extra set of chromosome (n=60) in triploid fish. Totally 26.6% of investigated fish was triploids. Microsatellite molecular markers clearly differentiate gynogenetic fish on the bases of allele inheritance of male and female parents, and were proven that this technique can clearly identify allelic inheritance of parents to offspring. In Persian sturgeon in compare to beluga a different results were observed. Heat shock (37°C) not present any positive results therefore has no application in induce gynogenesis on this species, also no significant difference was observed between 32 and 34 °C treatment. Cold shock showed better results, especially when duration of UV radiation was adjusted to 105 seconds. Molecular analysis using microsatellite marker positively proved the gynogenetic offspring by counting the allelic inheritance. However Persian sturgeon as a tetraploid species (2N=240) has its difficulty on scoring the banding patterns. We highly recommend disomic primers application for allelic inheritance on gynogene Persian sturgeon.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Experimental ; Persian sturgeon ; Beluga ; Gynogenesis ; Triploids ; Chromosome manipulation ; Huso huso ; Fertilization ; Motility ; Sperm ; ANOVA ; Survival rate ; Species ; Larvae ; Blood cells
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 72pp.
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    Spermatological parameters of wild and cultured beluga (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1758) and their effects on fertilization rate, hatching rate, larval growth and survival rates (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: To compare the reproductive performance of the wild and cultured stocks of beluga, Huso huso males, some spermatological parameters were measured including: sperm motility, sperm density, spermatocrit and also fertilization rate, hatching rate and larval growth and survival rates. The semen samples were sampled from 11 wild spawners and 12 cultured brooders. A half of each semen sample was allocated for spermatological analysis and remaining were used for artificial propagation. In wild beluga, sperm motility time was 339.09  23.11 s; spermatozoa motility rate 83.64  2.01%; sperm density 15.22  3.46 ×109 and spermatocrit 5.88  1.36% while in cultured beluga, sperm motility time was 199.35  29.02 s; spermatozoa motility rate 74.22  2.4 %; sperm density 8.37  0.24 × 109 and spermatocrit 3.21  0.29 %. The fertilization rate (%), hatching rate (%), larval growth (% g.day- 1), and survival rate (%) in wild beluga were 61.72  14.16, 43.33  11.13, 12.28  0.33 and 52.66  7.77, while in cultured beluga were 49.98  6.55, 31.47  8.49, 12.28  0.62 and 57.37  7.89, respectively. The spermatozoa motility (the ratio and duration of motility) were significantly different between wild and cultured brooders (P〈0.05). The values of sperm density, spermatocrit, fertilization rate, hatching rate, larval growth and survival rate were not significantly different between wild and cultured beluga (P〉 0.05).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Spermatological ; Beluga ; Fertilization ; Huso huso ; Sperm motility ; Sperm density ; Rate ; Parameters ; Hatching ; Larval ; Growth ; Survival
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.273-279
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    Effect of age on reproductive performance of Kutum, Rutilus frisii (Nordmann, 1840) in Shirood River, the southern coast of the Caspian Sea (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this study, we investigated the age-dependent changes in reproductive efficiency of Kutum, Rutilus frisii caught from Shirood River, the Southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran Province, Iran). Age-dependent reproductive performance of brooders was assayed on two age and sex groups. Results revealed that there were no significant differences in sperm characteristics between age groups. All female characteristics revealed change except relative fecundity between two age groups. The higher fertilization rate (87%) and also survival rate (91%) were found when the 4 year-old males were crossed with 4 year - old females (P 〈 0.05). Our results confirmed the agedependent changes of reproductive efficiency in Kutum. So that, the cross between 4 year-old males and 4 year - old females could be useful for enhancement of reproductive efficiency in Kutum .
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Reproductive ; Performance ; Rutilus frisii ; Kutum ; Reproduction traits ; Age ; Survival ; Fertilization
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.205-212
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    Effects of water temperature and migration time on some fecundity indices and fertilization rate of female Kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum, migratory to Shiroud River in the southwest Caspian Sea (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum, is an commercially important fish in the Caspian Sea. The fish enters the rivers leading to the Caspian Sea for spawning. One of these rivers is Shiroud River. In the artificial propagation process of Kutum, different factors are involved in quality and quantity of female broods eggs and also in the best temperature and migration time for spawning. The influence of temperature and migration time on some fecundity indices and fertilization rate of female kutum in Shiroud River was studied in the spawning season. In this study, 90 individual females were studied from February to May 2007. Averages of total length, weight and age were 43.26 cm, 832.08 g, and 4.41 respectively. Results showed that maximum egg diameter (1.86 mm), number of eggs per each gram of body weight (309.12), relative fecundity (56.21) and fertilization rate (95.82 %) were obtained from 5 to 20 April (15.95°C). Maximum ovary weight (201.00 g) and absolute fecundity of eggs (49987.18) were obtained from 6 to 20 March (17.74°C). Relationship between temperature and migration time and fecundity indices was linear and weak.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fertilization ; Rutilus frisii kutum ; Artificial propagation ; Water temperature ; Migration ; Fecundity ; Female ; Fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.9-14
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    Species compositional differences on different-aged glacial landscapes drive contrasting responses of tundra to nutrient addition (2005)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-05
    Description: Author Posting. © The Authors, 2005. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Blackwell Publishing for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Ecology 93 (2005): 770-782, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01006.x.
    Description: In the northern foothills of the Brooks Range, Alaska, moist non-acidic tundra dominates more recently deglaciated upland landscapes, whereas moist acidic tundra dominates older upland landscapes. In previous studies, experimental fertilization of moist acidic tussock tundra greatly increased the abundance and productivity of the deciduous dwarf shrub Betula nana. However, this species is largely absent from moist non-acidic tundra. These two common upland tundra community types exhibited markedly different responses to fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus. In moist acidic tundra, cover of deciduous shrubs (primarily B. nana) increased after only 2 years, and by 4 years vascular biomass and above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) had increased significantly, almost entirely because of Betula. In moist non-acidic tundra, both biomass and ANPP were again significantly greater, but no single species dominated the response to fertilization. Instead, the effect was due to a combination of several small, sometimes statistically non-significant responses by forbs, graminoids and prostrate deciduous shrubs. The different growth form and species' responses suggest that fertilization will cause carbon cycling through plant biomass to diverge in these two tundra ecosystems. Already, production of new stems by apical growth has increased relative to leaf production in acidic tundra, whereas the opposite has occurred in non-acidic tundra. Secondary stem growth has also increased as a component of primary production in acidic tundra, but is unchanged in non-acidic tundra. Thus, fertilization will probably increase carbon sequestration in woody biomass of B. nana in acidic tundra, while increasing carbon turnover (but not storage) of non-woody species in non-acidic tundra. These results indicate that nutrient enrichment can have very different consequences for plant communities that occur on different geological substrates, because of differences in composition, even though they share the same regional species pool. Although the specific edaphic factors that maintain compositional differences in this case are unknown, variation in soil pH and related variability in soil nutrient availability may well play a role.
    Description: This research was supported by a collaborative grant from the National Science Foundation (OPP-9902695 to S.E.H. and OPP-9902721 to L.G.) and by the Arctic LTER (DEB-9810222).
    Keywords: Alaska ; Arctic ; Betula nana ; Fertilization ; Moist acidic tundra ; Moist non-acidic tundra ; Net primary production ; Nitrogen ; pH ; Phosphorus
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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    Unconventional endocannabinoid signaling governs sperm activation via the sex hormone progesterone (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-19
    Description: Steroids regulate cell proliferation, tissue development, and cell signaling via two pathways: a nuclear receptor mechanism and genome-independent signaling. Sperm activation, egg maturation, and steroid-induced anesthesia are executed via the latter pathway, the key components of which remain unknown. Here, we present characterization of the human sperm progesterone receptor that is conveyed by the orphan enzyme alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 2 (ABHD2). We show that ABHD2 is highly expressed in spermatozoa, binds progesterone, and acts as a progesterone-dependent lipid hydrolase by depleting the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) from plasma membrane. The 2AG inhibits the sperm calcium channel (CatSper), and its removal leads to calcium influx via CatSper and ensures sperm activation. This study reveals that progesterone-activated endocannabinoid depletion by ABHD2 is a general mechanism by which progesterone exerts its genome-independent action and primes sperm for fertilization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Melissa R -- Mannowetz, Nadja -- Iavarone, Anthony T -- Safavi, Rojin -- Gracheva, Elena O -- Smith, James F -- Hill, Rose Z -- Bautista, Diana M -- Kirichok, Yuriy -- Lishko, Polina V -- 1S10OD020062-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR059385/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AR059385/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM111802/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01HD068914/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R21HD081403/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- S10RR025622/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):555-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad6887. Epub 2016 Mar 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; QB3/Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology; Department of Neuroscience, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair (CNNR), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06536, USA. ; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. ; Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. lishko@berkeley.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26989199" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/*deficiency ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Endocannabinoids/*deficiency ; Fertilization ; Glycerides/*deficiency ; Humans ; Hydrolases/genetics/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Progesterone/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Progesterone/genetics/*metabolism ; Sperm Motility/drug effects/*physiology ; Spermatozoa/drug effects/metabolism/*physiology ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Non-equivalent contributions of maternal and paternal genomes to early plant embryogenesis (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-12
    Description: Zygotic genome activation in metazoans typically occurs several hours to a day after fertilization, and thus maternal RNAs and proteins drive early animal embryo development. In plants, despite several molecular studies of post-fertilization transcriptional activation, the timing of zygotic genome activation remains a matter of debate. For example, two recent reports that used different hybrid ecotype combinations for RNA sequence profiling of early Arabidopsis embryo transcriptomes came to divergent conclusions. One identified paternal contributions that varied by gene, but with overall maternal dominance, while the other found that the maternal and paternal genomes are transcriptionally equivalent. Here we assess paternal gene activation functionally in an isogenic background, by performing a large-scale genetic analysis of 49 EMBRYO DEFECTIVE genes and testing the ability of wild-type paternal alleles to complement phenotypes conditioned by mutant maternal alleles. Our results demonstrate that wild-type paternal alleles for nine of these genes are completely functional 2 days after pollination, with the remaining 40 genes showing partial activity beginning at 2, 3 or 5 days after pollination. Using our functional assay, we also demonstrate that different hybrid combinations exhibit significant variation in paternal allele activation, reconciling the apparently contradictory results of previous transcriptional studies. The variation in timing of gene function that we observe confirms that paternal genome activation does not occur in one early discrete step, provides large-scale functional evidence that maternal and paternal genomes make non-equivalent contributions to early plant embryogenesis, and uncovers an unexpectedly profound effect of hybrid genetic backgrounds on paternal gene activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Del Toro-De Leon, Gerardo -- Garcia-Aguilar, Marcelina -- Gillmor, C Stewart -- England -- Nature. 2014 Oct 30;514(7524):624-7. doi: 10.1038/nature13620. Epub 2014 Sep 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratorio Nacional de Genomica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio), Unidad de Genomica Avanzada, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato 36821, Mexico.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25209660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Arabidopsis/*embryology/*genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics ; Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase/genetics ; Fertilization ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant/*genetics ; Genome, Plant/*genetics ; Hybridization, Genetic/genetics ; Phenotype ; Repressor Proteins/genetics ; Seeds/*embryology/*genetics ; Transcriptome/genetics ; Zygote/growth & development/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 88
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    Towards germline gene therapy of inherited mitochondrial diseases (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-30
    Description: Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are associated with severe human diseases and are maternally inherited through the egg's cytoplasm. Here we investigated the feasibility of mtDNA replacement in human oocytes by spindle transfer (ST; also called spindle-chromosomal complex transfer). Of 106 human oocytes donated for research, 65 were subjected to reciprocal ST and 33 served as controls. Fertilization rate in ST oocytes (73%) was similar to controls (75%); however, a significant portion of ST zygotes (52%) showed abnormal fertilization as determined by an irregular number of pronuclei. Among normally fertilized ST zygotes, blastocyst development (62%) and embryonic stem cell isolation (38%) rates were comparable to controls. All embryonic stem cell lines derived from ST zygotes had normal euploid karyotypes and contained exclusively donor mtDNA. The mtDNA can be efficiently replaced in human oocytes. Although some ST oocytes displayed abnormal fertilization, remaining embryos were capable of developing to blastocysts and producing embryonic stem cells similar to controls.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3561483/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3561483/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tachibana, Masahito -- Amato, Paula -- Sparman, Michelle -- Woodward, Joy -- Sanchis, Dario Melguizo -- Ma, Hong -- Gutierrez, Nuria Marti -- Tippner-Hedges, Rebecca -- Kang, Eunju -- Lee, Hyo-Sang -- Ramsey, Cathy -- Masterson, Keith -- Battaglia, David -- Lee, David -- Wu, Diana -- Jensen, Jeffrey -- Patton, Phillip -- Gokhale, Sumita -- Stouffer, Richard -- Mitalipov, Shoukhrat -- 8P51OD011092/OD/NIH HHS/ -- EY021214/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- HD057121/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD059946/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD063276/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P51 OD011092/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY021214/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD057121/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD059946/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD063276/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jan 31;493(7434):627-31. doi: 10.1038/nature11647. Epub 2012 Oct 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23103867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Cryopreservation ; Cytoplasm/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian/embryology ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology ; Female ; Fertilization ; *Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta/genetics/growth & development ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics ; Mitochondrial Diseases/*genetics/*therapy ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques/*standards ; Oocytes/cytology ; Pregnancy ; Young Adult ; Zygote/cytology/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Forces in development. Forceful thinking. Introduction (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Purnell, Beverly A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 12;338(6104):209. doi: 10.1126/science.338.6104.209.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23066070" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biophysical Phenomena ; Cell Communication ; *Embryonic Development ; Fertilization ; Ovum/cytology/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 90
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    An inverse relationship to germline transcription defines centromeric chromatin in C. elegans (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-13
    Description: Centromeres are chromosomal loci that direct segregation of the genome during cell division. The histone H3 variant CENP-A (also known as CenH3) defines centromeres in monocentric organisms, which confine centromere activity to a discrete chromosomal region, and holocentric organisms, which distribute centromere activity along the chromosome length. Because the highly repetitive DNA found at most centromeres is neither necessary nor sufficient for centromere function, stable inheritance of CENP-A nucleosomal chromatin is postulated to propagate centromere identity epigenetically. Here, we show that in the holocentric nematode Caenorhabditis elegans pre-existing CENP-A nucleosomes are not necessary to guide recruitment of new CENP-A nucleosomes. This is indicated by lack of CENP-A transmission by sperm during fertilization and by removal and subsequent reloading of CENP-A during oogenic meiotic prophase. Genome-wide mapping of CENP-A location in embryos and quantification of CENP-A molecules in nuclei revealed that CENP-A is incorporated at low density in domains that cumulatively encompass half the genome. Embryonic CENP-A domains are established in a pattern inverse to regions that are transcribed in the germline and early embryo, and ectopic transcription of genes in a mutant germline altered the pattern of CENP-A incorporation in embryos. Furthermore, regions transcribed in the germline but not embryos fail to incorporate CENP-A throughout embryogenesis. We propose that germline transcription defines genomic regions that exclude CENP-A incorporation in progeny, and that zygotic transcription during early embryogenesis remodels and reinforces this basal pattern. These findings link centromere identity to transcription and shed light on the evolutionary plasticity of centromeres.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3538161/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3538161/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gassmann, Reto -- Rechtsteiner, Andreas -- Yuen, Karen W -- Muroyama, Andrew -- Egelhofer, Thea -- Gaydos, Laura -- Barron, Francie -- Maddox, Paul -- Essex, Anthony -- Monen, Joost -- Ercan, Sevinc -- Lieb, Jason D -- Oegema, Karen -- Strome, Susan -- Desai, Arshad -- GM074215/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM034059/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074215/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008646/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004270/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Apr 8;484(7395):534-7. doi: 10.1038/nature10973.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22495302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoantigens/metabolism ; Biological Evolution ; Caenorhabditis elegans/embryology/*genetics ; Centromere/*genetics ; Chromatin/*genetics ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/embryology/metabolism ; Embryonic Development/genetics ; Female ; Fertilization ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genome, Helminth ; Germ Cells/*metabolism ; Gonads/cytology/metabolism ; Hermaphroditic Organisms ; Male ; Meiosis ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    The centrosome in cells and organisms (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-28
    Description: The centrosome acts as the main microtubule-nucleating organelle in animal cells and plays a critical role in mitotic spindle orientation and in genome stability. Yet, despite its central role in cell biology, the centrosome is not present in all multicellular organisms or in all cells of a given organism. The main outcome of centrosome reproduction is the transmission of polarity to daughter cells and, in most animal species, the sperm-donated centrosome defines embryo polarity. Here I will discuss the role of the centrosome in cell polarity, resulting from its ability to position the nucleus at the cell center, and discuss how centrosome innovation might have been critical during metazoan evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bornens, Michel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 27;335(6067):422-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1209037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UMR144 du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris Cedex 05, France. mbornens@curie.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22282802" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Movement ; Cell Nucleus/*physiology/ultrastructure ; *Cell Polarity ; Centrioles/*physiology ; Centrosome/chemistry/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cilia/physiology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Fertilization ; Humans ; Spindle Apparatus/physiology/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 92
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    Postfertilization autophagy of sperm organelles prevents paternal mitochondrial DNA transmission (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-29
    Description: In sexual reproduction of most animals, the spermatozoon provides DNA and centrioles, together with some cytoplasm and organelles, to the oocyte that is being fertilized. Paternal mitochondria and their genomes are generally eliminated in the embryo by an unknown degradation mechanism. We show that, upon fertilization, a Caenorhabditis elegans spermatozoon triggers the recruitment of autophagosomes within minutes and subsequent paternal mitochondria degradation. Whereas the nematode-specific sperm membranous organelles are ubiquitinated before autophagosome formation, the mitochondria are not. The degradation of both paternal structures and mitochondrial DNA requires an LC3-dependent autophagy. Analysis of fertilized mouse embryos shows the localization of autophagy markers, which suggests that this autophagy event is evolutionarily conserved to prevent both the transmission of paternal mitochondrial DNA to the offspring and the establishment of heteroplasmy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Al Rawi, Sara -- Louvet-Vallee, Sophie -- Djeddi, Abderazak -- Sachse, Martin -- Culetto, Emmanuel -- Hajjar, Connie -- Boyd, Lynn -- Legouis, Renaud -- Galy, Vincent -- GM065444-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 25;334(6059):1144-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1211878. Epub 2011 Oct 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universite Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI, UMR7622-Biologie du Developpement, 9 Quai St. Bernard, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22033522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Autophagy ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*embryology/physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/analysis ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis/*genetics/metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Fertilization ; Hermaphroditic Organisms ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Oocytes/physiology ; Organelles/metabolism ; Phagosomes/metabolism ; Spermatozoa/chemistry/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Ubiquitination
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    Inbreeding promotes female promiscuity (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-24
    Description: The widespread phenomenon of polyandry (mating by females with multiple males) is an evolutionary puzzle, because females can sustain costs from promiscuity, whereas full fertility can be provided by a single male. Using the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, we identify major fitness benefits of polyandry to females under inbreeding, when the risks of fertilization by incompatible male haplotypes are especially high. Fifteen generations after inbred populations had passed through genetic bottlenecks, we recorded increased levels of female promiscuity compared with noninbred controls, most likely due to selection from prospective fitness gains through polyandry. These data illustrate how this common mating pattern can evolve if population genetic bottlenecks increase the risks of fitness depression due to fertilization by sperm carrying genetically incompatible haplotypes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michalczyk, Lukasz -- Millard, Anna L -- Martin, Oliver Y -- Lumley, Alyson J -- Emerson, Brent C -- Chapman, Tracey -- Gage, Matthew J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 23;333(6050):1739-42. doi: 10.1126/science.1207314.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21940892" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Fertility ; Fertilization ; *Genetic Fitness ; *Inbreeding ; Male ; Reproduction ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Tribolium/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 94
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    Gamete recognition in mice depends on the cleavage status of an egg's zona pellucida protein (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-10
    Description: At fertilization, mouse sperm bind to the zona pellucida (which consists of glycoproteins ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3) that surrounds eggs. A ZP2 cleavage model of gamete recognition requires intact ZP2, and a glycan release model postulates that zona glycans are ligands for sperm. These two models were tested by replacing endogenous protein with ZP2 that cannot be cleaved (Zp2(Mut)) or with ZP3 lacking implicated O glycans (Zp3(Mut)). Sperm bound to two-cell Zp2(Mut) embryos despite fertilization and cortical granule exocytosis. Contrary to prediction, sperm fertilized Zp3(Mut) eggs. Sperm at the surface of the zona pellucida remained acrosome-intact for more than 2 hours and were displaced by additional sperm. These data indicate that sperm-egg recognition depends on the cleavage status of ZP2 and that binding at the surface of the zona is not sufficient to induce sperm acrosome exocytosis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3272265/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3272265/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gahlay, Gagandeep -- Gauthier, Lyn -- Baibakov, Boris -- Epifano, Olga -- Dean, Jurrien -- ZIA DK015603-05/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 9;329(5988):216-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1188178.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20616279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acrosome/physiology ; Acrosome Reaction ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion ; Egg Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism ; Exocytosis ; Female ; Fertility ; Fertilization ; Ligands ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Biological ; Mutant Proteins/metabolism ; Polysaccharides/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; Sperm Capacitation ; *Sperm-Ovum Interactions ; Spermatozoa/*metabolism ; Zona Pellucida/*metabolism ; Zygote/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Maternal control of haplodiploid sex determination in the wasp Nasonia (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-01
    Description: All insects in the order Hymenoptera have haplodiploid sex determination, in which males emerge from haploid unfertilized eggs and females are diploid. Sex determination in the honeybee Apis mellifera is controlled by the complementary sex determination (csd) locus, but the mechanisms controlling sex determination in other Hymenoptera without csd are unknown. We identified the sex-determination system of the parasitic wasp Nasonia, which has no csd locus. Instead, maternal input of Nasonia vitripennis transformer (Nvtra) messenger RNA, in combination with specific zygotic Nvtra transcription, in which Nvtra autoregulates female-specific splicing, is essential for female development. Our data indicate that males develop as a result of maternal imprinting that prevents zygotic transcription of the maternally derived Nvtra allele in unfertilized eggs. Upon fertilization, zygotic Nvtra transcription is initiated, which autoregulates the female-specific transcript, leading to female development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Verhulst, Eveline C -- Beukeboom, Leo W -- van de Zande, Louis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 30;328(5978):620-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1185805.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Evolutionary Genetics, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20431014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Diploidy ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Female ; Fertilization ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Insect ; Genomic Imprinting ; *Haploidy ; Homeostasis ; Male ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics/metabolism ; *Sex Determination Processes ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Wasps/embryology/*genetics/physiology ; Zygote/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Seminal fluid mediates ejaculate competition in social insects (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-20
    Description: Queens of ants and bees normally obtain a lifetime supply of sperm on a single day of sexual activity, and sperm competition is expected to occur in lineages where queens receive sperm from multiple males. We compared singly mated (monandrous) and multiply mated (polyandrous) sister groups of ants and bees and show that seminal fluid of polyandrous species has a more positive effect on the survival of a male's own sperm than on other males' sperm. This difference was not observed in the monandrous species, suggesting that incapacitation of competing sperm may have independently evolved in both bees and ants. In Atta leafcutter ants, the negative effect of the seminal fluid of other males was negated by secretion from the queen sperm-storage organ, suggesting that queens may control ejaculate competition after sperm storage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉den Boer, Susanne P A -- Baer, Boris -- Boomsma, Jacobus J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 19;327(5972):1506-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1184709.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20299595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/*physiology ; Bees/*physiology ; Cell Survival ; Female ; Fertilization ; Genitalia, Female/physiology ; Genitalia, Male/physiology ; Male ; Reproduction ; Semen/*chemistry/*physiology ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Spermatozoa/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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    Evolution. Male rivalry extends to sperm in female reproductive tract (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 19;327(5972):1443. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5972.1443-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20299565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/*physiology ; Bees/*physiology ; Drosophila/*physiology ; Female ; Fertilization ; Genitalia, Female/physiology ; Male ; Reproduction ; Semen/*chemistry/physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Spermatozoa/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 98
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    Postmating sexual selection favors males that sire offspring with low fitness (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-27
    Description: Despite the costs of mating, females of most taxa mate with multiple males. Polyandrous females are hypothesized to gain genetic benefits for their offspring, but this assumes paternity bias favoring male genotypes that enhance offspring viability. We determined net male genetic effects on female and offspring fitness in a seed beetle and then tested whether fertilization success was biased in favor of high-quality male genotypes in double mating experiments. Contrary to expectations, high-quality male genotypes consistently had a lower postmating fertilization success in two independent assays. Our results imply that sexually antagonistic adaptations have a major and unappreciated influence on male postmating fertilization success. Such genetic variation renders indirect genetic benefits an unlikely driver of the evolution of polyandry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bilde, Trine -- Foged, Anne -- Schilling, Nadia -- Arnqvist, Goran -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 26;324(5935):1705-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1171675.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, University of Uppsala, Norbyvagen 18d, SE - 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. trine.bilde@biology.au.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19556506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Beetles/*genetics/*physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Fertilization ; Genetic Phenomena ; Genetic Variation ; *Genotype ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Reproduction ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Autophagy is essential for preimplantation development of mouse embryos (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-05
    Description: After fertilization, maternal proteins in oocytes are degraded and new proteins encoded by the zygotic genome are synthesized. We found that autophagy, a process for the degradation of cytoplasmic constituents in the lysosome, plays a critical role during this period. Autophagy was triggered by fertilization and up-regulated in early mouse embryos. Autophagy-defective oocytes derived from oocyte-specific Atg5 (autophagy-related 5) knockout mice failed to develop beyond the four- and eight-cell stages if they were fertilized by Atg5-null sperm, but could develop if they were fertilized by wild-type sperm. Protein synthesis rates were reduced in the autophagy-null embryos. Thus, autophagic degradation within early embryos is essential for preimplantation development in mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsukamoto, Satoshi -- Kuma, Akiko -- Murakami, Mirei -- Kishi, Chieko -- Yamamoto, Akitsugu -- Mizushima, Noboru -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 4;321(5885):117-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1154822.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18599786" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Autophagy ; Blastocyst/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; *Embryonic Development ; Female ; Fertilization ; Lysosomes/physiology/ultrastructure ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Oocytes/physiology ; Parthenogenesis ; Phagosomes/physiology/ultrastructure ; Pregnancy ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 100
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    Mechanism of self-sterility in a hermaphroditic chordate (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-22
    Description: Hermaphroditic organisms avoid inbreeding by a system of self-incompatibility (SI). A primitive chordate (ascidian) Ciona intestinalis is an example of such an organism, but the molecular mechanism underlying its SI system is not known. Here, we show that the SI system is governed by two gene loci that act cooperatively. Each locus contains a tightly linked pair of polycystin 1-related receptor (s-Themis) and fibrinogen-like ligand (v-Themis) genes, the latter of which is located in the first intron of s-Themis but transcribed in the opposite direction. These genes may encode male- and female-side self-recognition molecules. The SI system of C. intestinalis has a similar framework to that of flowering plants but utilizing different molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harada, Yoshito -- Takagaki, Yuhei -- Sunagawa, Masahiko -- Saito, Takako -- Yamada, Lixy -- Taniguchi, Hisaaki -- Shoguchi, Eiichi -- Sawada, Hitoshi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):548-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1152488. Epub 2008 Mar 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Sugashima, Toba 517-0004, Japan. yharada@bio.nagoya-u.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18356489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Ciona intestinalis/*genetics/*physiology ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Female ; Fertility ; Fertilization ; *Genes ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Ovum/metabolism/physiology ; Spermatozoa/physiology ; *TRPP Cation Channels/chemistry
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