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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-05-10
    Description: Predation marks by drilling molluscs serve as evidence for feeding activity. This behaviour has been extensively studied to understand predator-prey relationships. The objective of this study is to characterise the mollusc drilling predation on gastropods from Playa Guardalavaca, Cuba. We examined the species richness and abundance of drilled and non-drilled shells and calculated predation rates and its relationship with prey size. To compare drilled and non-drilled shells, we used the median and interquartile range due to the asymmetric distribution of the measurements. Furthermore, we employed a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to compare the size distribution frequencies. A total of 114 morphospecies and nine species groups were identified. Five species were identified as new records for the area. A total of 5,795 shells were quantified, out of which 24.4% displayed drillholes. The most abundant species are not the most preyed upon, presenting a distinct pattern compared to bivalve assemblages in this and other locations. The highest predation rate was observed among individuals of medium size, may be attributed to the predators' ability to manipulate their prey. Smaller shells may not offer sufficient food resources, resulting in lower predation rates. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in predation related to shell size for six out of the 11 tested species. Potential predators were identified, some of which exhibit drillholes themselves. In general, drilling predation in gastropods from the studied area appears to be influenced by a combination of factors, including high species richness of both predators and prey, prey abundance, specialised feeding strategies of predators, and habitat diversity.
    Description: Las marcas de depredación por perforación de moluscos sirven de evidencia de la actividad alimentaria. Este comportamiento ha sido extensamente estudiado para comprender las relaciones depredador-presa. El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar la depredación por perforación de moluscos gasterópodos de Playa Guardalavaca, Cuba. Se examinó la riqueza de especies y abundancia de conchas perforadas y no perforadas y se calculó la tasa de depredación y su relación con el tamaño de las presas. Para comparar las conchas perforadas y no perforadas se utilizó la mediana y el rango intercuartil dada la distribución asimétrica de las mediciones. Además, se empleó una prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para comparar las frecuencias de distribución de tamaño. En total 114 morfoespecies y nueve grupos de especies fueron identificadas. Cinco especies fueron identificadas como nuevos registros para el área. Se cuantificaron 5 795 conchas, de las cuales 24,4 % presentaron perforaciones. Las especies más abundantes no son las más depredadas, presentando un patrón distinto comparado con los ensambles de bivalvos en esta y otras localidades. La mayor tasa de depredación fue observada entre individuos de tamaño medio, atribuido a la habilidad de los depredadores para manipular sus presas. Conchas pequeñas podrían no ofrecer suficiente alimento, resultando en tasas de depredación menores. Los análisis estadísticos revelaron diferencias significativas de depredación en relación al tamaño de la concha en seis de las 11 especies evaluadas. Depredadores potenciales fueron identificados, algunos de los cuales también mostraron perforaciones. En general, la depredación por perforación en los gasterópodos del área estudiada parece estar influenciada por una combinación de factores, incluyendo la alta riqueza de especies de depredadores y presas, la abundancia de las presas, estrategias especializadas de alimentación de los depredadores y la diversidad de hábitats.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Biotic interactions ; Caribbean Sea ; Drillholes ; Feeding behaviour ; Gastropoda ; Mollusca ; Thanatocoenosis ; Interacciones bióticas ; Mar Caribe ; Perforaciones ; Comportamiento alimentario ; Tanatocenosis
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: 1-17pp.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-05-10
    Description: El desconocimiento de los procesos reproductivos y la talla de madurez sexual de las esponjas comerciales de baño (familia Spongiidae) en Cuba constituye, actualmente, una limitante para el adecuado manejo de la pesquería de estas especies. El objetivo de esta revisión fue compilar la información existente sobre reproducción de esponjas comerciales, experiencias de repoblación basados en sistemas de cultivo, y el establecimiento de tallas mínimas de captura. La información acumulada posibilitó identificar vacíos en el conocimiento regional, inferir tallas límite para regular la actividad extractiva en Cuba y elaborar una propuesta de medidas coyunturales que minimicen el riesgo del colapso en la pesquería cubana de esponjas. Se comprobó que urge la realización de estudios histológicos, citológicos y de supervivencia larval en las especies cubanas. Además, se corroboró que una talla mínima legal de 15 cm de diámetro mayor se corresponde con los estándares internacionales actualmente establecidos para esponjas comerciales de otras regiones y, por tanto, contribuiría a mejorar el rendimiento pesquero sin mayores afectaciones al potencial reproductivo de las poblaciones en explotación. Sin embargo, la extracción de esponjas menores (a 15 cm de diámetro mayor) podría hacer colapsar la población por generar fallas en el reclutamiento y afectaciones desconocidas en los procesos reproductivos poblacionales. La implementación definitiva del cultivo de esponjas a escala nacional es la solución más plausible y biológicamente aceptable para la obtención de las esponjas de pequeña talla, que satisfacen de mejor manera las actuales demandas del mercado internacional.
    Description: The lack of knowledge about the reproductive processes and the size of sexual maturity of commercial bath sponges (Family Spongiidae) in Cuba, currently constitutes a limitation to develop adequate management and conservation plans in the fishery of these species. This review aimed to summarize the existing information on the reproduction of commercial sponges, repopulation experiences based on farming systems, and the establishment of minimum capture sizes. These data helped to identify the main gaps in regional knowledge, to infer size limit to regulate extractive activity in Cuba, and to prepare conjunctural measures that minimize the risk of collapse in the Cuban sponge’s fishery. It was concluded that it is urgent the need of histological, cytological, and larval survival studies in Cuban species. In addition, it was confirmed that a legal minimum size of 15 cm in largest diameter corresponds to the international standards currently established for commercial sponges from other regions and, therefore, would contribute to improving fishing yield without further affecting the reproductive potential of populations in exploitation. However, the extraction of smaller individuals (with a largest diameter of 15 cm or smaller) could cause the population to collapse due to recruitment failures and unknown effects on population reproductive processes. The definitive implementation of sponge culture on a national scale is the most plausible and biologically acceptable solution for obtaining small-sized sponges, which better satisfy the current demands of the international market.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Pesca responsable ; Manejo pesquero ; Cultivo de esponjas ; Aspectos reproductivos ; Pesquería de poríferos ; Sustainable fishing ; Fisheries management ; Sponges farming ; Reproductive aspects ; Porifera fishery
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: 66-84pp.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-05-10
    Description: Existe una necesidad urgente de evaluar el estado de las poblaciones de peces de aguas costeras tropicales, donde la pesca se realiza sobre cientos de especies diferentes que viven en ecosistemas diversos y complejos. Utilizando un método basado en las capturas, originalmente empleado por la FAO para evaluar el estado de las pesquerías mundiales, este trabajo analiza el estado de las pesquerías de peces costeros de Cuba. El análisis de las series de capturas de 15 especies y grupos seleccionados, que se extiende por 50 años, muestra un pico máximo en 1975 y luego un decrecimiento significativo de las capturas (R2 = 0.7811). La evolución de cada fase de desarrollo de las pesquerías, utilizando dos criterios diferentes: el porcentaje del número de recursos en cada fase y el porcentaje de las capturas de cada recurso que se encuentra en cada fase, muestra el continuado incremento en la proporción de recursos plenamente explotados, sobreexplotados y colapsados, y atestigua la rapidez con que casi todos han llegado a sus límites máximos de explotación, con un decrecimiento total de un 47 %, que equivale a recursos plenamente explotados aunque próximos a la sobreexplotación. Como promedio, las capturas de todas las especies y grupos muestran una declinación próxima al 50 % y una tasa anual de declinación del 1.1 % anual. A pesar de los sesgos potenciales de utilizar solamente datos de captura, el elevado número de especies involucradas en la pesca comercial, la larga serie de datos y la metodología utilizada, proporcionan una información valiosa para los administradores pesqueros.
    Description: There is an urgent need to assess the status of fisheries in tropical waters, where fishing has targeted hundreds of species in complex ecosystems. Using a catch-based method, originally described by FAO to assess the status of global fisheries; the present study provides an assessment of most important species of Cuban coastal fishes. The analysis of a 50-year series of catch data, covering the 15 most important species and groups, shows a maximum peak in 1975 and after that, a highly significant decline of the catches (R2 = 0.7811). Using two different approaches to assess the declines, the percentage of stock numbers and the percentage of catches extracted from stocks of a given status, the evolution of the fisheries shows the continuous increase in the fraction of fully exploited, overexploited and collapsed stocks and testifies the rapidity than fishery resources reached its maximum level of exploitation, with an overall decrease of 47 %. This figure is equivalent to fully exploited resources, though they are very close to be overexploited. As an average, all species and groups show a decline close to 50 % and the annual rate of decline is high, of 1.1%. Despite the potential biases of using catch data, the large number of species involved in this analysis, the long data-series and the methodology being used, provides valuable information for fishery managers.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Métodos de evaluación ; Sobrepesca ; Manejo ; Pesquerías tropicales ; Sostenibilidad ; Stock assessment ; Overfishing ; Management ; Tropical fisheries ; Sustainability
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: 47-65pp.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-05-10
    Description: La salud de los corales es un tema de gran importancia en el Caribe y en Cuba, ya que estos ecosistemas marinos son vitales para la biodiversidad y la economía de la región. Los arrecifes de coral albergan una gran variedad de especies. Sin embargo, constituyen un ecosistema bajo amenaza debido a la combinación de diferentes factores, como el cambio climático, la contaminación, la sobrepesca y la acidificación del océano. El Caribe es considerado un “punto caliente” para las enfermedades, debido a la rápida aparición y virulencia de nuevos síndromes en la región en las últimas décadas. Cuba no se encuentra exenta de este panorama. Aun así, los estudios realizados han demostrado que los porcentajes de afectación por enfermedades son bajos y el número de enfermedades reportado para sus arrecifes también es bajo, en comparación a lo reportado para otros sitios del Caribe. Es por lo que este trabajo tiene como objetivo recopilar información actualizada sobre el estado de salud de los corales en el Caribe y en Cuba. La sistematicidad y la constancia en el monitoreo de los arrecifes constituye una urgencia en aras de conocer el estado de salud en que se encuentran, manejarlos de manera sostenible y así evitar daños irreparables que conlleven a su pérdida definitiva. Planes de conservación que combinen un manejo efectivo con iniciativas de ciencia ciudadana han demostrado ser sostenibles y beneficiosos, tanto para los arrecifes como para la sociedad.
    Description: The health of corals is a topic of great importance in the Caribbean and in Cuba since these marine ecosystems are vital for biodiversity and the economy of the region. Coral reefs house a wide variety of species. However, they constitute an ecosystem under threat due to the combination of different factors, such as climate change, pollution, overfishing and ocean acidification. The Caribbean is considered a "hotspot" for diseases, due to the rapid appearance and virulence of new syndromes in the region in recent decades. Cuba is not exempt from this panorama, even so, studies have shown that the percentages of disease affectation are low, and the number of diseases reported for its reefs is also low compared to what is reported for other Caribbean sites. This is why this work aims to collect updated information on the health status of the corals in the Caribbean and in Cuba. The systematicity and constancy in the monitoring of the reefs constitutes an urgency to know the state of health in which they are, manage them sustainably and thus avoid irreparable damage that leads to their definitive loss. Conservation plans that combine effective management with citizen science initiatives, have proven to be sustainable and beneficial for both reefs and society.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Arrecife de coral ; Blanqueamiento ; Cambio climático ; Enfermedades ; Bleaching ; Climate change ; Diseases ; Coral reef
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: 18-46pp.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-05-10
    Description: Historically, Physalis physalis (Linnæus, 1758) massive stranding events have been either infrequent or poorly documented. However, their occurrence can significantly affect human health and the stability of coastal ecosystems. This study analyzes a massive P. physalis stranding that affected Cuba’s NW coast in December 2022. During the event, eighty-five people were stung, with 38 having strong allergic reactions. To determine P. physalis abundance, we counted all colonies during the massive event along ~ 3 km coast within a 5 m strip. Density, dimorphic form (left/right-handed), and colony size were quantified using a 0,25 m2 quadrat placed every 50 m, 10 m from the shoreline. Over ten thousand beach cast colonies were recorded, making this the event with the highest mean colony density (29,3 per m2) ever reported. The massive stranding coincided with the lowest Arctic Oscillation index (-2,59) in the past 11 years during December, which led to northeasterly winds reaching up to 24 km/h, which might have favored the landings. Wind direction and speed, coupled with the dominance of left-handed colonies (71,4%), suggest the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre as a possible origin source of the bloom. The high prevalence of juvenile P. physalis colonies (68%) likely aligns with the autumn breeding season in the northern hemisphere. The potential causes of P. physalis blooms are still poorly understood. Systematic monitoring of the distribution and abundance of this species should be a research priority considering the potential risk to human health and the fact that the blooms could become more frequent on the Atlantic coasts due to its eutrophication and climate change.
    Description: Los varamientos masivos de Physalia physalis (Linnæus, 1758) han sido poco frecuentes o mal documentados. Sin embargo, pueden tener un impacto significativo en la salud humana y los ecosistemas costeros. En este estudio, analizamos un varamiento masivo en la costa NO de Cuba en diciembre de 2022. Durante el evento, 85 personas sufrieron picaduras y 38 experimentaron reacciones alérgicas graves. Para cuantificar la abundancia, se contó el número de colonias que vararon a lo largo de ~ 3 km de costa. Adicionalmente, se cuantificó la densidad, la forma dimórfica y el tamaño de las colonias utilizando cuadrantes de 0,25 m2 colocados cada 50 m a 10 m de la orilla. Se registraron más de diez mil colonias, convirtiendo este evento en el de mayor densidad media de colonias (29,3 por m2) reportada hasta la actualidad. El varamiento masivo coincidió con el Índice de Oscilación del Atlántico más bajo (-2,59) en los últimos 11 años durante diciembre, que provocó vientos del noreste de hasta 24 km/h, lo cual pudo favorecer los varamientos. La dirección y velocidad del viento, junto con la dominancia de colonias con velas orientadas a la izquierda (71,4%), sugieren que el Giro Subtropical del Atlántico Norte podría ser una posible fuente de origen de la floración. La prevalencia de colonias juveniles (68%) coincidió con la temporada de reproducción en el hemisferio norte. Las causas potenciales de las floraciones de P. physalis han sido poco estudiadas. El monitoreo sistemático de la distribución y abundancia de esta especie debe ser una prioridad de investigación, dado el riesgo potencial para la salud humana y la posibilidad de que las floraciones se vuelvan más frecuentes en las costas del Atlántico debido a su eutroficación y al cambio climático.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Beach cast ; Bloom ; Dimorphism ; Health risk ; Juvenile colonies ; Portuguese man-of-war ; Western Atlantic ; Varamiento ; Floración ; Dimorfismo ; Riesgo para la salud ; Colonias juveniles ; Fragata portuguesa ; Atlántico occidental
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: 85-94pp.
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  • 6
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    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Biology, Springer Nature, 5(1), pp. 562-, ISSN: 2399-3642
    Publication Date: 2024-05-10
    Description: Animal behavior in space and time is structured by the perceived day/night cycle. However, this is modified by the animals’ own movement within its habitat, creating a realized diel light niche (RDLN). To understand the RDLN, we investigated the light as experienced by zooplankton undergoing synchronized diel vertical migration (DVM) in an Arctic fjord around the spring equinox. We reveal a highly dampened light cycle with diel changes being about two orders of magnitude smaller compared to the surface or a static depth. The RDLN is further characterized by unique wavelength-specific irradiance cycles. We discuss the relevance of RDLNs for animal adaptations and interactions, as well as implications for circadian clock entrainment in the wild and laboratory.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Elsevier, 60, pp. 55-66, ISSN: 0959-4388
    Publication Date: 2024-05-10
    Description: Animal life is rhythmic. Here we provide an overview of various rhythmic behaviors, connected environmental factors and endogenous mechanisms. We not only cover terrestrial species, but also highlight aquatic environments with typically complex interconnected rhythms. We further address diel, seasonal and potential lunar rhythms of humans. While we cannot be complete, we aim to emphasize three aspects: First, to raise awareness for the all-encompassing presence of behavioral rhythms and their importance in ecology and evolution. Second, to raise awareness how limited our mechanistic understanding is, besides analyses in a small set of model species. Finally, we discuss how anthropogenic effects can affect behavioral rhythmicity and how this might affect ecosystems in the future, as ‘For the times they are a-changin'’.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 8
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    Annual Reviews
    In:  EPIC3Annual Review of Marine Science, Annual Reviews, 15(1), pp. 509-538, ISSN: 1941-1405
    Publication Date: 2024-05-10
    Description: The regular movements of waves and tides are obvious representations of the oceans’ rhythmicity. But the rhythms of marine life span across ecological niches and timescales, including short (in the range of hours) and long (in the range of days and months) periods. These rhythms regulate the physiology and behavior of individuals, as well as their interactions with each other and with the environment. This review highlights examples of rhythmicity in marine animals and algae that represent important groups of marine life across different habitats. The examples cover ecologically highly relevant species and a growing number of laboratory model systems that are used to disentangle key mechanistic principles. The review introduces fundamental concepts of chronobiology, such as the distinction between rhythmic and endogenous oscillator–driven processes. It also addresses the relevance of studying diverse rhythms and oscillators, as well as their interconnection, for making better predictions of how species will respond to environmental perturbations, including climate change. As the review aims to address scientists from the diverse fields of marine biology, ecology, and molecular chronobiology, all of which have their own scientific terms, we provide definitions of key terms throughout the article.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-05-10
    Description: The moon’s monthly cycle synchronizes reproduction in countless marine organisms. The mass-spawning bristle worm Platynereis dumerilii uses an endogenous monthly oscillator set by full moon to phase reproduction to specific days. But how do organisms recognize specific moon phases? We uncover that the light receptor L-Cryptochrome (L-Cry) discriminates between different moonlight durations, as well as between sun- and moonlight. A biochemical characterization of purified L-Cry protein, exposed to naturalistic sun- or moonlight, reveals the formation of distinct sun- and moonlight states characterized by different photoreduction- and recovery kinetics of L-Cry’s cofactor Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide. In Platynereis, L-Cry’s sun- versus moonlight states correlate with distinct subcellular localizations, indicating different signaling. In contrast, r-Opsin1, the most abundant ocular opsin, is not required for monthly oscillator entrainment. Our work reveals a photo-ecological concept for natural light interpretation involving a “valence interpreter” that provides entraining photoreceptor(s) with light source and moon phase information.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-05-10
    Description: The right timing of animal physiology and behaviour ensures the stability of populations and ecosystems. To predict anthropogenic impacts on these timings, more insight is needed into the interplay between environment and molecular timing mechanisms. This is particularly true in marine environments. Using high-resolution, long-term daylight measurements from a habitat of the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii, we found that temporal changes in ultraviolet A (UVA)/deep violet intensities, more than longer wavelengths, can provide annual time information, which differs from annual changes in the photoperiod. We developed experimental set-ups that resemble natural daylight illumination conditions, and automated, quantifiable behavioural tracking. Experimental reduction of UVA/deep violet light (approximately 370–430 nm) under a long photoperiod (16 h light and 8 h dark) significantly decreased locomotor activities, comparable to the decrease caused by a short photoperiod (8 h light and 16 h dark). In contrast, altering UVA/deep violet light intensities did not cause differences in locomotor levels under a short photoperiod. This modulation of locomotion by UVA/deep violet light under a long photoperiod requires c-opsin1, a UVA/deep violet sensor employing Gi signalling. C-opsin1 also regulates the levels of rate-limiting enzymes for monogenic amine synthesis and of several neurohormones, including pigment-dispersing factor, vasotocin (vasopressin/oxytocin) and neuropeptide Y. Our analyses indicate a complex inteplay between UVA/deep violet light intensities and photoperiod as indicators of annual time.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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