ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (6,215)
  • FACILITIES, RESEARCH, AND SUPPORT  (384)
  • 1960-1964  (6,599)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer flow irregularities (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. S27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070629
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared spectra of irradiated polyethylene (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 2307-2318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The irradiation of polyethylene causes a number of molecular rearrangements in the chemical structure of polyethylene. In addition to the significant changes in the type and distribution of unsaturated groups, an infrared comparison of the radiation induced chemical changes that occur in air and in a vacuum showed that the presence of oxygen has a marked influence on the structural rearrangements that occur on irradiation. The infrared spectra of irradiated single crystals prepared by two different means indicated the location of vinyl groups in the crystals and their protection from radiation by aromatic structures. From these data, a number of reaction mechanisms are postulated which can contribute to our understanding of irradiation effects on polyethylene.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070627
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of carboxyl groups in the presence of carbonyl groups in oxidized polyolefins by using sulfur tetrafluoride (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 2319-2322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A simple analytical technique has been developed to determine the amount of carboxyl groups present in degraded polyethylene film. This procedure is based upon the relative reactivities of the various carbonyl groups present, in oxidized polyethylene film, to sulfur tetrafluoride gas. The quantity of the carboxyl groups in the film is then measured as a function of the absorption at 5.45 μ.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070628
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kunststoffe als Schutz gegen Korrosion, BRUNO WAESER, Dr. Alfred Huthig Verlag G.m.b.H., Heidelberg, 1963, 116 pp. 11.80 DM (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2461-2461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080533
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calibration device for an extensometer (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. S15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070331
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strength of filled rubbers: Temperature, rate, and oxygen effectsThis work was sponsored by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company as part of a general program in support of fundamental research on synthetic rubber. A major portion of this work was carried out at the University of Akron and was reported at the Gordon Research Conference on Elastomers, 1961. (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 1165-1174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The time taken to break under fixed load has been measured for three SBR-filler systems. Two SBR-HAF black systems were used, one vulcanized with sulfur and the other with dicumyl peroxide; the third system was an SBR-silica formulation. Measurements at several temperatures between 30 and 100°C. allowed the computation of an activation energy for the breaking process: 45 kcal./mole for all three systems. By measuring the tensile strength of the filled stock in air and vacuum at various temperatures, it was shown that the presence of oxygen seriously decreases the strength of the filled stock at high temperatures, an effect not present in the gum stock or in silicasilicone stocks.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070329
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The glass temperature of asphalt (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. S45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070635
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction of polymer samples into a microreactor (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. S19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070333
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polysaccharide B-1459; a new hydrocolloid polyelectrolyte produced from glueose by bacterial fermentation (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. S21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070334
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High gloss of extruded high impact polystyrene sheet. A microscopical study of sheet morphology (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. S51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070638
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of rate and temperature on the tensile properties of double-base propellant (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 3-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The tensile properties of two cast and two extruded solid rocket propellants were studied at 25°C. and 50% R.H. over a range of failure times from 0.005 to 2500 sec. The effects of temperature were also investigated at the highest rate and at 0.1 in./in./min. over a range of -60 to 80°C. The results indicate that both temperature and rate of loading greatly affect the tensile properties of double-base propellants.
    Additional Material: 27 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080101
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N-chloro and N-nitroso compounds as synergists for the self-extinguishing action of bromine compounds in polystyrenePresented before the Symposium on Self-Extinguishing Plastics in the Organic Coatings and Plastics Chemistry Division at the 144th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Los Angeles, March 31-April 5, 1963. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2485-2495 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Compounds other than peroxides may be used to enhance the self-extinguishing action of organic bromine compounds on polystyrene. The addition of certain chloramides or nitrosoamines converts some bromide-containing polystyrene compositions from flammable to instantly self-extinguishing. Two effective chloramides were N,N-dichlorotoluene sulfonamide or N,N′-dichloro-N,N′-diphenyl urea but they were of limited value because of hydrolysis by atmospheric moisture. The more effective nitrosoamines were N-nitroso-N-methylaniline, N-nitrosocarbazole and N-nitroso-diphenylamine. An undesirable characteristic of the three compounds is their inhibition of polymerization of styrene. The interaction of a nitrosoamine and an aliphatic bromine compound is apparent from the evolution of nitrogen, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide. If the minimum temperature for gas evolution falls in the range of about 145-180°C. in a prescribed simple test, the nitrosoamine and bromine compound may be used for rendering polystyrene self-extinguishing.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080603
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative characterization of polybutadiene networks (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 1257-1263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Using a relationship found to be applicable for natural rubber networks in establishing contributions of chemical crosslinking, entanglements, and networks defects to physical crosslinking, a physical versus chemical crosslinking “calibration” is developed for polybutadiene prepared by organolithium initiation. This calibration is then used to determine chemical crosslink yields for sulfur-sulfenamide, thiuram, and peroxide vulcanization. Crosslink yields for polybutadiene in the sulfur-sulfenamide and thiuram curing systems are shown to be similar to those of natural rubber. In peroxide vulcanization the crosslink yield is in excess of unity for polybutadiene. Evidence is presented which indicates that this is due to a polymerization type reaction involving vinyl groups resulting from 1,2-addition during polymerization.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070406
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractionation of acrylonitrile copolymers. I. Development of a methodPaper presented at the 142nd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, N. J., September 1962. (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 1243-1255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The mechanism of precipitation of acrylonitrile polymers was investigated using different nonsolvents. The effect of the dielectric constant and the polarity of individual bonds in the molecule of precipitant is discussed briefly. A methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile copolymer was successfully fractionated from dimethylformamide solution, using a two-stage fractionation technique, and a mixture of (2 parts n-hexane + 1 part ether) as a precipitant. The molecular weight distributions of primary fractions were skewed to the left and overlapped each other. A large, 100-g. sample of the same copolymer was separated into eight primary fractions, which on refractionation gave a result substantially the same as that obtained by the small scale experiment. An experimental terpolymer of methylvinylpyridine-vinyl acetate-acrylonitrile, prepared by suspension polymerization, was carefully fractionated by the same method. The polymer was shown to have a double-peak molecular weight distribution in agreement with the earlier suggestion that acrylonitrile in aqueous suspension polymerizes by two simultaneous mechanisms: (1) homogeneous polymerization of single radicals in solution, and (2) heterogeneous growth of radicals present in stable suspended polymer particles. The above conclusion was further supported by methylvinylpyridine analysis on secondary fractions. It was found that the low molecular weight fractions contained appreciably more of the water-soluble monomer (M.V.P.), than the high molecular weight fractions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070405
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sign reversal of permselective membranes: A possible mechanism for neural conduction (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 1265-1271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An electrochemical mechanism is sought for to explain the sudden transient change of potential across a nerve membrane during neural conduction. Ion-permselective membranes change the sign of their permselectivity if the charge of their fixed ions is overcompensated for by highly charged counterions which become strongly bound to these fixed sites by electrostatic forces. Imagine a membrane with its sign thus reversed beyond a given borderline: cations could traverse on one side in the vicinity of this line and anions on the other, while no ions would traverse pure membrane faces themselves. Thus concentrations would be equalized at the borderline by passive diffusion, while the sign of membrane potential would change from one side to the other of the border. A mechanism for automatic propagation of the border along the membrane is suggested. Sign reversal of membranes can also be caused by covalent bonding of oppositely charged groups to a charged membrane site, for instance by esterification of a carboxyl group or of a phosphoric acid group of a lipoproteid nerve membrane with the amino alcohol choline. Hydrolysis of such an ester would cause the sign of the membrane to revert to its original direction. Such acetic sites and choline abound on nerve membranes, together with enzymes, which are known to split and synthesize choline esters. Their electrochemical function in neutral conduction might well be this changing of sign of membrane permselectivity.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070407
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential thermal analysis of polymers. II. Melting (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 1281-1289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A theory is presented of the way in which the melting of a polymer is manifested in a differential temperature analysis thermogram. An analytical method based on this theory allows a precise determination of both the melting point and the crystalline weight fraction as a function of temperature. Experimental results for linear polyethylene and crystalline polypropylene confirm the theory.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070409
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman and infrared spectra of 3-methylbutene-1 (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 1307-1315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Infrared and near-infrared spectra of 3-methylbutene-1 were observed for the vapor phase at room temperature. Also, Raman displacements and depolarization factors of 3-methylbutene-1 in methanol and carbon tetrachloride were obtained at the same temperature. Tentative assignments of the observed Raman and infrared bands were made, and a classification of bands on the basis of group frequencies is given.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070411
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A recording apparatus for the measurement of longitudinal creep (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 1273-1279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A recording apparatus for measuring longitudinal creep was developed to study viscoelastic properties of polymeric films. The heart of the apparatus is a photoelectric transducer that converts specimen extension and contraction into a voltage which is then applied to a millivolt recorder through a d.c. low-drift amplifier. As used in this apparatus, the phototube detects the variable by having its photocathode surface shadowed by a movable mask. Supplementing the recording part of the apparatus is a mechanism for controlling specimen temperature. A polymer of plasticized polyvinyl chloride was studied, to demonstrate the applicability of the apparatus. The results obtained compared favorably with the method of visually observing the displacement with a cathetometer.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070408
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of dynamic mechanical properties of mixed polymer systems. II (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 1291-1306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The temperature dependence at constant frequency of the viscous component E2(1/T) of the dynamic modulus has been determined for a homologous series of butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers supported in a matrix of styrene homopolymer. The results, which agree with those reported earlier for a homologous series of butadiene-styrene copolymers, indicate that the transition temperature of a given plastic homopolymer, as measured from dynamic mechanical properties at essentially constant frequency in the range 200-300 cycles/sec., is depressed by the presence of a copolymerized rubbery diluent as the melting point of crystalline polymers is depressed by the presence of noncrystallizing comonomers. In addition, it has been found that the transition temperature is depressed by the presence of monomeric diluents much as the melting point of crystalline polymers is depressed by the presence of monomeric diluents. Two earlier assumptions, that the dynamic properties in the frequency range of interest should be independent of both the molecular weight of the rubbery copolymer and the degree of dispersion of the copolymer in the thermoplastic matrix, have been subjected to experimental scrutiny. The assumption regarding the dependence on molecular weight has been substantiated, at least for DP's in excess of 100. The assumption regarding the dependence on the degree of dispersion has been negated; the area under the E2(1/T) peak was found to be considerably greater for a coarse dispersion than for a fine one.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070410
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of triboelectric position (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 1317-1323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A convenient technique is presented for determination of triboelectric characteristics of a film sample relative to a group of reference surfaces and to other film samples, with the use of inexpensive, easily assembled equipment. It consists of pressing a number of reference surfaces into contact with a test film, determination of the sign and intensities of the charges generated, by spraying with an indicating powder, and estimation of tribo-electric position of the test sample by the distribution of positive and negative charges generated. With this technique, relative triboelectric characteristics were determined for films of various polymers. The measurements give some insight into the relation between polymer structure and triboelectric characteristics.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070412
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 121
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristic viscoelastic parameters for amorphous polymers (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 1341-1347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: By use of a reference value of modulus equal to 109 dynes/cm.2 and a reference value of time equal to 10 sec., characteristic viscoelastic parameters are defined from stress relaxation master curves and from modulus-temperature curves. Values of these parameters are tabulated for several linear amorphous polymers and slightly crosslinked amorphous polymers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070414
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 122
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiochemical yields of graft polymerization reactions of cellulosePresented at the Polymer and Polymerization Symposium, 19th Southwest Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Houston, Texas, December 5-7, 1963. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2813-2824 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The preparation of radiation-induced graft polymers of cotton cellulose, while retaining the fibrous nature and high molecular weight of the cellulose, depended primarily on the radiochemical yields of cellulose reactions and of graft polymerization reactions. Yields of the initial major molecular changes in cellulosic polymer indicated that, in the case of scission of the molecule and carboxyl group formation, chain reactions were not initiated by radiation; however, in the case of carbonyl group formation chain reactions were initiated but quickly terminated. Generally, experimental procedures, used in graft polymerization reactions, were: (1) simultaneous irradiation reactions, that is, application of monomers or solutions of monomers to cellulose or chemically modified celluloses, then irradiation; and (2) post-irradiation reactions, that is, irradiation of cellulose or chemically modified celluloses, then after removal from the field of radiation, contacting the irradiated cellulose with monomer. Some of the most important factors influencing the radiochemical yields of graft polymerization reactions of styrene and acrylonitrile onto cellulose were: concentration of monomer in treating solution; solvent; ratio of monomer solution to cellulose; prior chemical modification of cellulose; and absence of oxygen, particularly in post-irradiation reactions. Experimental data were presented, and the direct and indirect effects of Co60 γ-radiation on these reactions were discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080626
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 123
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress relaxation of unaccelerated natural rubber-sulfur vulcanizates before and after treatment with triphenylphosphine (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 723-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The aerobic and anaerobic stress relaxation of unaccelerated natural rubber-sulfur vulcanizate networks has been examined before and after treatment with triphenylphosphine, a reagent which converts polysulfidic crosslinks into di- and monosulfide crosslinks. This treatment reduces the rate of anaerobic stress relaxation and makes the network more susceptible to protection by zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate against aerobic stress relaxation. Aerobic stress relaxation of the network after treatment with triphenylphosphine remains nonautocatalytic, indicating that it still contains the precursor of an antioxidant, and crosslinking continues to occur during aging, showing that the presence of polysulfide groups is not a sole prerequisite for such network formation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080213
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 124
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cut growth and fatigue of rubbers. II. Experiments on a noncrystallizing rubber (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 707-721 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Tensile fatigue failure of a gum vulcanizate of noncrystallizing SBR can be accounted for by the growth of small flaws initially present in the rubber. Fatigue of crystallizing natural rubber was shown in Part I to be attributable to the same cause. Cut growth results are interpreted in terms of the tearing energy theory of Rivlin and Thomas. SBR exhibits cut growth under both static and dynamic conditions; in each case the rate is approximately proportional to the fourth power of the tearing energy. Variation of the dynamic cut growth rate with frequency can be explained by the summation of a timedependent static component of growth and a cyclic component not dissimilar to that occurring in natural rubber. Fatigue failure, under both static and dynamic conditions, is predicted from the cut growth results. These predictions are found to account quantitatively for experimentally observed fatigue lives when a suitable value is assumed for the initial flaw size. Fatigue lives at different temperatures correlate well with cut growth results obtained by Greensmith and Thomas over the same temperature range. The results are compared to those obtained previously for natural rubber, and possible reasons for the differences in fatigue behavior of crystallizing and noncrystallizing rubbers are discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080212
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 125
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on thermal dehydrochlorination of poly(vinyl chloride) (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 747-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermal dehydrochlorination of PVC has been examined on some samples prepared by fractionation of a commercial PVC, and some other samples obtained by polymerization at different temperatures. The results disagree with the concept of a continuous dehydrochlorination from one side to the other of the chain, that necessitates initiating structural anomalies in the macromolecule itself.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080215
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 126
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalous flow of cellulose solutions during spinning (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 735-745 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An apparatus is described for measuring the flow rate of cellulose xanthate solutions at known pressure gradients across spinning jets. It is shown that the jet hole behaves more like a capillary than an orifice in its effect on flow and that similar relationships exist for flow through spinning jet holes and a narrow pipe characterized by an equation of the form Q = Apb, where b has a value of approximately 1.5 for the high rates of shear strain found in spinning jets and 1.4 for the lower rates found in the pipe. A fundamental approach shows a similar discontinuity when comparing the relation between apparent viscosity coefficient and rate of shear strain, between low and high rates of shear. Experimental results are given for the effect of certain chemical factors in viscose solutions and the effect of spinning jet hole size, on the flow rate/pressure gradient curve.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080214
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 127
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric loss features of some epoxy resins (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 2003-2023 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: At temperatures far below the heat distortion point, the dissipation factor (and therefore power factor) of epoxy resins is comparably low - in the order of 0.001-0.01. Internally flexibilized, polyester-modified resins may have higher loss tangents, in the order of 0.01-0.10, even at room temperature. At temperatures far above the heat distortion point, anhydride curing agents give lower dissipation factors than do amines or acids. With anhydride cures, the higher molecular weight resins investigated cure faster than the lower molecular weight resins, give lower elevated temperature power factors and loss tangents, and are tougher. With any hardener-epoxy resin system, the optimum elevated temperature power factor, weight loss on aging and heat distortion point will probably depend on a close examination of the optimum hardener/resin ratio.With certain anhydride-cured low molecular weight epoxy resin systems, an increased rate of cure and lower elevated temperature power factor may be obtained by use of a small amount of higher molecular weight (polyhydroxy) epoxy resin. Attempts to compare the effect on power factor of changing the hydroxyl groups to less mobile dipoles by acetylation were unsuccessful, since the resulting acetoxy groups changed the cure mechanisms. However studies with resins of different molecular weights indicated that the effect of hydroxyl content on elevated temperature power factor is subordinate to other effects such as the rigidity of the cured resin system, rate of cure and ionic impurities. Acetylation of hydroxyl-containing epoxy resins may inhibit cure with some curing agents, due to side reactions of the resulting acetoxy group with specific hardeners.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070605
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 128
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid bursting of tubular specimens (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 141-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Burst tests on thin wall circular cylinders of aluminum, brass and magnesium alloys, mild steel and polymethylmethacrylate plastic are described in which stress and strain are measured at impact velocities of 14-31 ft./sec. The apparatus consists of an hydraulic cylinder and piston assembly attached to the inside of the specimen, with a falling weight producing a pressure pulse. Measurement problems inherent in the technique are analyzed: e.g., local instability leading to blister formation. An increasing amount of uniform deformation occurs in the specimen as strain rate is increased.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080110
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 129
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Techniques for studying strain rate effects in brittle materialsThis study was sponsored by the Ceramics and Craphite Branch, Metals and Ceramics Laboratory, Materials Central, Aeronautical Systems Division of the Air Force Systems Command under Contract No. AF 33(616)-7465. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 151-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Techniques for studying brittle fracture over a strain rate range of 10-7-101 in./in./sec. and at temperatures from 75 to 1800°F are discussed. Techniques for achieving a uniaxial tensile stress in prismatic bars via a reflected stress wave method at strain rates up to 103 in./in./sec. at room and elevated temperatures are presented. Results of the aforementioned effects in flexure, and experimental verification of the stress-time-position history for the stress wave loading technique are presented along with applicable theoretical explanations. Applications of the above techniques to a broader spectrum of brittle and semi-brittle materials are described.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080111
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 130
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors influencing izod impact properties of thermoplastics measured with the autographic impact test (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 119-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The standardization of notched Izod impact test data to normalized values of foot pounds per inch of notch is based on the assumption of a 1:1 increase in breaking strength with increasing notch width. This assumed relation is not supported by experimental tests on commercial thermoplastics. As notch width was increased from 1/8 to 1/4 to 3/8 to 1/2 in., nine of ten thermoplastics tested showed a decrease in normalized impact strength. Each material appears to show a characteristic loss in breaking strengths as the notch width increases. A technique developed for calibration of pendulum impact testers has been used to examine the variation of impact breaking strength in relation to the total kinetic energy of the hammer. Experimental tests show practically no change in impact strengths up to values that take 2/3 of the available hammer energy. Experimental work on the comparison of the impulse transferred by the hammer during breaking with impulse curves photographed by the Autographic Impact test show very good agreement for catastrophic breaks and fair agreement for plastic type breaks. The reduction in recorded impulse is attributed to the degrading of the sample during the plastic portion of the breaking cycle. The peak force of thermoplastics as measured by the Autographic Impact test increases as the temperature decreases from 100°C. or above to 0°C. Over the same temperature range flexural tests on small cantilever samples of these thermoplastics show the same thermal dependence for the flexural yield or permanent distortion stress. Plots of the impact peak forces and flexural yield stress at corresponding temperatures give a linear correlation. Each thermoplastic material exhibits a unique relation for this correlation between impact yielding and flexural yielding. This correlation between the impact and flexural tests over the range of temperatures is the first known experimental indication of a direct relation between impact properties and standard physical tests.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080109
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 131
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion exchange separations in analytical chemistry. O. SAMUELSON. Wiley, New York-London-Sidney, and Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, 1963, 474 pp. $9.50 (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1497-1497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080340
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 132
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic studies on the vulcanization reaction accelerated with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1667-1676 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Kinetic data for vulcanization of rubber with sulfur, accelerated with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) are presented. The decrease in concentration of sulfur and MBT during vulcanization under various conditions of temperatures have been determined with a precise amperometric method developed by the authors. The order of reaction for disapperance of sulfur was found to be unity. The energy of activation and frequency factor were 28.8 kcal./mole and 4.0 × 1013, respectively. The kinetics of disapperance of MBT was also first-order, and the rate of reaction, energy of activation, as well as frequency factor were much lower than those for the disapperance of sulfur. The consumption of sulfur proceeded as long as any free sulfur was present in the sample, indicating that the consumption of MBT is closely tied up with the disapperance of sulfur. It was found that about 133 atoms of sulfur were consumed for the disappearance of one molecule of MBT. The mechanism of ring opening involving an attack by the accelerator radical as proposed by Gordon is supported by the present investigation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080417
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 133
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of tensile properties of polycarbonate films (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1677-1689 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The tensile properties of bisphenol A polycarbonate films were measured as a function of temperature from +25 to -180°C. The tensile properties at a given temperature were determined from the measured true stress-true strain behavior of the polycarbonate films by means of a photographic strain recording technique. The temperature dependence of the following tensile properties is presented: the yield stress, the fracture stress, the strain to yield, the cold-drawing strain, the fracture strain, and the strain-hardening rate.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080418
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 134
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slip deformation in drawn polyethylene films (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 971-983 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: When well oriented and crystallized high density polyethylene film was redrawn, slip deformation and twin deformation, the mode of which depends upon the redrawing angle to the original drawn structure, could be observed. When the redrawing angle is very small, single slips, the direction of which is [001] to the original drawn structure, and homogeneous deformation bands attached to them are usually observed. The [001] directions of slipped and unslipped regions are slightly at an angle to each other. As the redrawing angle approaches a right angle, kink bands can be observed. From these results we may conclude that the structure of this drawn polyethylene film is very similar to that of a single crystal or metal.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080233
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 135
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxyluminescence of polymers. I. General behavior of polymersThis paper was presented in part before the Polymer Division of the American Chemical Society at the 142nd meeting, Atlantic City, New Jersey, September 12, 1962. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 985-995 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The faint emission of light by various classes and types of polymers when heated in the presence of oxygen, oxyluminescence, was studied by means of a photomultiplier tube and sensitive microammeter. Among the polymers with a carbon-carbon backbone, the polymers having the greater number of tertiary carbon atoms generally showed greater intensities of luminosity. Polystyrene was a notable exception to this generalization. The shape of the luminosity versus time curves varied with the type of polymer. It was also found that the emission of light did not stop instantly when the oxygen atmosphere was replaced by an inert gas, but rather followed an exponential type of decay. The rate of decay appeared to be different with different types of polymers. The intensities of luminescence and the times required to reach maximum or steady state luminescence were compared with oxygen uptake data for various polymers. In general there was a qualitative, but not necessarily quantitative correlation between the luminous intensities and polymer stabilities in the presence of oxygen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080234
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 136
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of polyethylene oxidation (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1691-1698 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Acetic and formic acids and acetone are products of the oxidation of propylene and ethylene polymers and copolymers. The two- and three-carbon products can be accounted for as the result of intramolecular attack by radicals, leading to β-oxidation. A high proportion of scissions in polypropylene involves multiple intramolecular attack.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080419
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 137
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light-sensitized crosslinking of polyvinyl alcohol by chromium compounds (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1763-1776 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The insolubilization of polyvinyl alcohol by potassium dichromate on exposure to light has been investigated. Ultraviolet spectrometry shows that secondary hydroxyl groups are oxidized to ketone groups but insolubilization is attributed to crosslinking of polymer chains by co-ordination of alcohol groups to “nascent” chromic ions formed by reduction of the dichromate. Exposure to air saturated with water vapor eliminates the carbonyl absorption maxima from the ultraviolet spectrum of polyvinyl alcohol film but the spectrum can be restored by heating: this phenomenon is independent of the crosslinking reaction.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080426
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 138
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of morphology and molecular structure on tensile impact behavior of linear polyethylene (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1751-1762 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An instrumented tensile impact test which allows a load time curve to be obtained coincident with the energy to rupture values has been applied to the examination of a series of linear polyethylene homopolymers and copolymers of varying molecular weight and thermal history. The effect of test specimen geometry was also investigated. A morphological examination of these resins indicated a strong dependence of spherulite size on molecular weight, and to a much lesser degree on molding conditions; it appeared to be independent of comonomer. The overall crystallinity, as determined by both x-ray and density methods, and crystallite perfection was increased by a slower crystallization rate, but was independent of molecular weight. The tensile impact strength (energy to rupture) was found to increase with molecular weight, and decrease on the introduction of comonomer. But the effect of thermal history gave rise to results which bore no clear-cut relation to molecular and morphological parameters. The value of the instrumented tensile impact test is shown by the fact that these apparent anomalies can now be resolved by separating the elastic and plastic portions of the deformation. An increased level and perfection of crystallinity results in higher load bearing properties accompanied by a reduction in duration of impact. It is primarily the duration, rather than the peak load, which is affected by molecular weight. The main effect produced by changing from a type L (long) tensile impact specimen to a type S (short) was to reduce considerably the duration of the plastic region while simultaneously raising the maximum elastic load; this is thought to be associated with a more localized deformation and therefore a higher rate of strain.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080425
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 139
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerizations of nitroalkyl acrylates (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1787-1799 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We have prepared some nitroalkyl acrylates and methacrylates by a method involving alcoholysis, and investigated their polymerizability. 2-Nitrobutyl acrylate (NBA) was extensively studied. The especially purified NBA monomer has good polymerizability without inhibiting radical polymerization and gives a thermally stable polymer. From copolymerization experiments with styrene, methyl methacrylate, and acrylonitrile, the Q and e values of NBA were estimated to be 0.47 and 0.85, respectively. The copolymerization behavior of NBA with some polyglycol dimethacrylates and unsaturated polyesters are comparable to those of n-butyl acrylate. This monomer has little tendency to polymerize with organometallic initiators, but some polymers obtained are found to be crystalline. The polar and steric effects of the nitro group situated on the ester side chain are discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080428
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 140
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High resolution electron microscopy of sodium lignin sulfonatePresented at the First Canadian Wood Chemistry Symposium, Toronto, September 1963. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1801-1812 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: High resolution electron microscopy of sodium lignin sulfonates revealed a granular microstructure of spherical particles of diameters ranging from 30 to 90 A. The weight average particle weight, Pw was computed from the dimensions measured on the electron micrographs and the density of lignin. For a fraction of intermediate molecular weight, the particle diameter derived from Pw was 64 A., in fair agreement with a value of 49 A. computed from the sedimentation equilibrium molecular weight. A high molecular weight fraction contained, in addition to the granular moiety, larger structures which appeared to be aggregates of the granules. The particle weight distribution for the high molecular weight fraction was similar to the distribution of sedimentation constants previously found for alkali lignins. The spherical shapes for both the granules and the aggregates was in accord with the compact spherical configuration previously proposed for lignin sulfonates in aqueous solution.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080429
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 141
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydration and density of collagen and gelatinSupported by a contribution from the Old Dominion Foundation. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1813-1824 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The water sorption by adult and embryonic native and insoluble collagen was investigated, along with that of calfskin gelatin. Greater sorption was obtainable with the collagen fractions than with gelatin, but the technique could not distinguish the fractions themselves. The suggestion is made that the greater sorption by collagen over gelatin and differences in apparent wettability between the adult and embryonic insoluble collagen might be explained by the formation of helical grooves with aging. Density measurements of the collagen fractions indicate that collagen becomes more crystalline with aging. This also applied to the insoluble collagen. These results are consistent with the view that differences in collagen solubility are due to differences in molecular ordering. The density of the insoluble collagens and gelatin passes through a maximum at 3-4% sorbed water. The phenomenon is explained on the basis of water bridges comprised of a single water molecule double hydrogen bonded to closely aligned chains. A discussion is presented in this connection. A calculation based on the density yields a molecular volume of 4.32 × 10-19 cm.3 For tropocollagen. This is in agreement with the molecular dimensions and consistent with the idea that collagen is formed from an aggregation of the monomer.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080430
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 142
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress relaxation of raw natural rubber (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1077-1087 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of mastication on stress relaxation of raw rubber was studied in the range of 20-120°C. The stress relaxation time became shorter with increasing mastication, and the modulus also decreased. The modulus decreased with increasing temperature of measurement. Moreover, it is found that mastication caused the solution viscosity of rubber to decrease, and on heating an intermolecular reaction and cleavage of molecules by oxidation appeared to occur at the same time.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080305
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 143
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of polyurethane to thermal degradationAbstracted from the Ph. D. dissertation of C. P. Ngoc Son, University of Delaware, June 1962. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1089-1096 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The labile hydrogen of the carbamate group is primarily responsible for color development in the thermal degradation of polyurethane. Replacement of this hydrogen by an alkyl group prevents back-dissociation. Accordingly, a number of N-substituted polyurethanes were prepared, including the methyl, benzyl, benzoyl, acetyl, and the (N-phenylamido) derivatives. Comparative studies at 150-155°C. showed that the N-methyl and N-benzyl polymers possess outstanding stability under the condition of our testing.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080306
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 144
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A continuum theory of nonlinear viscoelastic deformation with application to polymer processing (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1129-1146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A continuum theory of nonlinear viscoelastic behavior has been developed which is applicable to the quantitative description of the rheological properties of high polymeric materials. Particular classes of deformations have been investigated. Special emphasis has been placed upon nonlinear effects in viscoelastic fluids such as normal stresses and variable viscosity. Two new classes of flows are defined: sufficiently smooth flow and isoelastic flow.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080309
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 145
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some problems in melt spinning processes. II. Molecular orientation in the course of melt spinning (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1097-1111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The approximate solutions of the three-dimensional, fundamental equation for the molecular orientation of a spun fiber are obtained, a rigid ellipsoid model for the molecular segments or the paracrystalline structure being assumed. A rate of strain G (sec.-1) of a molten fiber and a rotational diffusion constant D (sec.-1) of the segment are approximated as a function of time t (sec.) as follows: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {G = G_0 + G_1 t + G_2 t^2 + \ldots } \\++ {D = D_0 + T_1 t + \ldots } \\ \end{array} $$\end{document} Under the conditions, 1〉〉G0t〉〉G1G2〉〉G2t3〉〉 … and 1〉〉D0t〉〉D1t2〉〉… a coefficient of the molecular orientation f of spun fiber is found to be: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {f = \frac{2}{5}\int_0^t {Gdt} } \hfill & { - \frac{6}{5}G_0 \left( {\left. {D_0 - \frac{1}{{21}}G_0 } \right)} \right.t^2 } \hfill \\ {} \hfill & { - \frac{2}{5}\left( {\left. {\frac{2}{{21}}G_0 3 + \frac{4}{7}G_0 2D_0 - 6G_0 D_0 2 - \frac{1}{7}G_0 G_1 + 2G_0 D_1 + G_1 D_0 } \right)} \right.t^3 + \ldots } \hfill \\ \end{array}} $$\end{document} The applicability of these approximate, theoretical results is extremely limited in the neighborhood of the spinneret under practical melt spinning conditions. However, the theory should be useful in the case where the polymer temperature is near its melting temperature and the extension rate of spinning fiber is small.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080307
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 146
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rupture of rubber. XI. Tensile rupture and crack growth in a noncrystallizing rubber (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1113-1128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A theory of tensile rupture in a noncrystallizing rubber, a particular instance of a more general theory of rupture in simple extension, is outlined. The theory assumes that failure takes place by growth of a crack from some imperfection in the material where the stress is high locally. The imperfections are considered as being equivalent, in terms of stress concentration effects, to small cracks initially present in the material, and the conditions for crack growth to occur are then treated on the basis of the tearing energy criterion of Part I. It is assumed, by analogy with tearing on a macroscopic scale, that the crack grows continuously with time at a rate, dc/dt, given by: dc/dt = ATn, where A and n are constants and T is the energy expended per unit increase in crack length, per unit thickness of specimen. The predicted relationships of the breaking time to the stored energy density and initial crack length for specimens tested by stretching at uniform rates and by holding at fixed extensions are first compared with the results of model experiments on test pieces containing small tears and cuts. Values of A and n derived from tear test data are used in the theoretical relationships, and it is shown that there is fair agreement with experiment. Results of tests on tensile test pieces containing no deliberately introduced tears or cuts are then shown to be consistent with a failure mechanism of the above type. It appears, however, that the tearing energies in tensile rupture are lower than those observed in tear tests, and reasons for this difference are discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080308
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 147
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of thermal polymerization of shellac. Part I. Kinetics and gelation studies (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1185-1204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In the present investigation the kinetics of thermal polymerization of shellac has been studied. A linear relationship between the intrinsic viscosity [η] and the time of polymerization has been observed up to a certain extent of reaction followed by a sharp rise in value of [η] near the gel point. After gelation the intrinsic viscosity of the sol fraction again falls abruptly. Besides, an attempt has also been made to understand the nature of gelation from the weight fractions of gel formed after prolonged curing at different temperatures.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080312
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 148
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and properties of some alkyds of more complex carboxyl functionality (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1147-1168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Syntheses are described where dimer fatty acid (C36), or anhydrides of trimellitic, or pyromellitic, or dodecenylsuccinic acids are substituted in part for components of a model polymer derived from 1 mole each phthalic anhydride and glycerol, and 0.4 mole of linoleic acid. These polymers are compared at several degrees of polyesterification with respect to endgroup analysis, melt and intrinsic viscosity, and fractionation and emulsification behavior in water-solvent mixtures. The data suggest that predictions of the gel point in terms of functionality concepts are of general value only for defining the reaction degrees where insoluble molecules can first appear. The experimental event of gelatification can be delayed to varying degrees by different types and concentrations of inert solvent. The extent of reaction where molecular complexity can give a gellable polymer in the absence of solvency retardation occurs near the theoretical gel point and can be located by inspection of functions relating either melt or intrinsic viscosity to molecular weight. Significant differences in polymer structure have a very small effect on this parameter, nor is there much evidence to show preferential reactivity of similar functional groups associated with different structures. Other data here cited demonstrate some practically useful facts regarding how composition and molecular weight affect solvency behavior; however, no general correlations were found which relate solubility behavior to quantities here miasured.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080310
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 149
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of thermal polymerization of shellac. Part II. Effect of catalysts (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1205-1211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In the present communication the effect of p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyst on thermal polymerization of shellac has been investigated. The difference in activation energy for uncatalyzed and catalyzed reaction, has been computed to be 7.4 kcal. when c = 0.1%. The activation energy for uncatalyzed reaction, calculated on this basis comes to 12.5 keal.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080313
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 150
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antioxidant properties of carbon black in unsaturated elastomers. Studies with cis-polybutadiene (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1169-1183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermal antioxidant behavior of carbon black was studied in vulcanized cis-polybutadiene and related to the surface chemistry of the black. Continuous and intermittent stress-relaxation and oxygen absorption measurements were employed to determine the antioxidant ability of the carbon blacks. The blacks were characterized by the surface concentrations of oxygen-containing functional groups, using methods described in the literature. Antioxidant activity was found to be highest in carbons containing relatively large amounts of bound oxygen. These carbons are also acidic and decompose peroxides by the ionic mechanism. This was demonstrated with dicumyl peroxide. However, even though the acidity and ability to decompose dicumyl peroxide to phenol and acetone could be destroyed by methylation, this treatment did not seriously impair the antioxidant activity, so that the role of acidic groups appears to be minor. Evidence is presented which suggests strongly that the antioxidant behavior of carbon blacks is due to surface quinones, possibly hydrogen-bonded with adjacent hydroxyl groups. Measurements made on samples vulcanized in peroxide and sulfur curing systems indicate that the antioxidant behavior of carbon black is independent of the method of vulcanization in the absence of other antioxidants. A characteristic feature of the antioxidant action of carbon blacks is their tendency to repress the oxidative crosslinking reactions, the relative amount of compensation of chain scission by crosslinking being smaller than in gum vulcanizates.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080311
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 151
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The amorphous fraction of cellulose and its relation to moisture sorption (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1213-1220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The OH → OD exchange reaction between deuterium oxide vapor and cellulose has been studied for thirteen different types of cellulose; the extent of exchange in a cellulose was determined by measuring the increase in the dry weight of the sample. With each cellulose the deuteration reaction was in two stages, a rapid stage followed by a slow stage; the material that exchanges during the rapid stage is the infrared-amorphous fraction of the cellulose, and therefore values for the amorphous fractions of the thirteen samples could be obtained. These amorphous fractions were found to be linearly related to the moisture regains of the samples. There is tentative evidence that the cellulose II samples absorb slightly more water into a unit amount of amorphous material than cellulose I samples.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080314
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 152
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quelques remarques concernant le mécanisme de polymérisation en bloc du chlorure de vinyle (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1275-1279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Samples of PVC, obtained by bulk polymerization were tested. Molecular weight distribution by nephelometric titration, number of branching by viscosity measurement, and density of the powders and films using a density gradient column were assessed. Microphotographs of the powders were taken. It was found that the average number of branching in 1000 monomer units is approximately proportional to the contact surface of the liquid and solid phase.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080317
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 153
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dryblending behavior of commercial polyvinyl chloride (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1221-1255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ease of processing suspension-polymerized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is related to its ability to accept sufficient plasticizer, while remaining a dry, free-flowing powder. The successful incorporation of plasticizer, termed cold preblending or hot dryblending, depends upon basic physicochemical factors. Cold preblending corresponds to a purely geometrical filling of intraparticle pores and fissures, while hot dryblending depends additionally upon a time-dependent absorption. Quantitative laboratory tests for these two effects were developed and standardized. When applied to experimental and commercial lots of PVC and their fractions, the tests gave results which showed slight correlation with gross properties of the particles. However, intercorrelation between tests for cold preblending and hot dryblending was strong, indicating that the same factors may be responsible for both. The tests also provided good ratings of polymers for actual processing behavior. It is possible to control particle geometry via the process variables of suspension polymerization, and thence to regulate cold preblending behavior; the effects on hot dryblending are not as clear. Post-polymerization grinding markedly alters the PVC particle surfaces and can substantially improve hot dryblending capacity. Severe grinding is needed to change particle geometry enough for any large improvement of cold preblending.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080315
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 154
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of intrinsic viscosity from one point measurement (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1281-1286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The method of calculation of the intrinsic viscosity [η] from one viscosity measurement according to the Solomon and Ciutǎ's equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{l} [\eta ]c = \sqrt 2 \sqrt {\eta _{sp} - \ln \eta _r } \\ \\ \end{array} $$\end{document} has been analysed. The difference between [η] extrapolated from the measurement of viscosity at several concentrations and [η] calculated has been defined in dependence on the product [η]c and the value of Huggins' constant k'. It has been demonstrated that the proposed equation is often useful but not generally valid; the range of its applicability has been defined.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080318
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 155
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of nylon polymers with epoxy resins in adhesive blends (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1287-1295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Blends of nylon-epoxy resins are used as adhesives. It is found by swelling tests that the epoxy resin crosslinks the nylon. By the failure of poly-N,N'-diisobutylhexamethyleneadipamide to cure and by the failure of prereactions of the nylon with phenyl glycidyl ether, it is shown that the epoxy resin reacts with the nylon through the amide hydrogen. The effect of the epoxy cure on increasing the brittle strength and on decreasing the yield strength of the nylon is discussed in terms of stresses in the adhesive joint.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080319
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 156
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological properties of SBR polymers by capillary extrusion (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1257-1273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A modification of the piston head of the Instron rheometer has enabled its use in studying rheological properties of SBR elastomers over a shear rate range of 30-2500 sec.-1. In place of the usual piston head, a Teflon plug with a cavitated bottom was used. This eliminates leakage between the piston and barrel and results in uniform force traces that can be extrapolated to zero barrel length to yield the total force of extrusion. Hence, it gives a practical means to study, on sound theoretical basis, the rheological properties which are all important in the prediction of factory processing behavior and factors which influence it. Extrusions of SBR 1712 and 1712-HAF compound were made through capillaries having 180° entrance angles, diameters of 0.033, 0.043, 0.052, and 0.070 in. and length/diameter ratios near 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 at temperatures of 80, 90, 110, and 130°C. and crosshead speeds of 1/2, 1, 2, and 5 in./min. Linear fits were found between length/diameter (L/D) ratio and the force of extrusion (at zero barrel length). The slopes of these lines give values of true shear stress which fit one relationship to Newtonian shear rates at each of the four temperatures independent of die dimensions. Plots of log true shear stress versus log true shear rate show curvilinear behavior for clear SBR 1712 elastomer over the entire shear rate range of 45-3900 sec.-1 at all four temperatures. The same plots for the HAF compound of SBR 1712 showed curvilinear behavior below shear rates of 100 sec.-1 and linear behavior above with a power law exponent of 6.1. There is a great difference in slopes between lower and higher shear rates at all four temperatures. This indicates that extrapolation from low shear rate instruments cannot be made to predict behavior at higher rates common to factory equipment. This observation holds for both clear SBR 1712 elastomer and its HAF compound. True shear stresses at corresponding true shear rates (and therefore viscosities) were considerably higher for the compound than for the clear elastomer, as was expected. However, the addition of black reduces the extent of deviation from Newtonian behavior. Even though uncorrected for recoverable shear strain, viscosities were calculated and used to calculate activation energies according to the Arrhenius equation. Straight lines were obtained covering temperatures at 90, 110, and 130°C. at all shear rates with activation energies of 1.5 kcal./mole of both the clear elastomer and its compound. Log viscosity at 80°C. in all cases was above the straight lines through the log viscosities at the other three temperatures. This indicates a higher activation energy at temperatures below 90°C. Addition of black apparently does not affect substantially the identity of the rheological unit. Extrusion die swell was found to decrease with increasing temperature and increasing L/D ratio at all rates of shear. At a given temperature it increases rate of shear. Swell was anisotropic for the clear elastomer but not for the compound.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080316
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 157
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incremental modification of styrene-butadiene rubber with tert-dodecyl mercaptan (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 116-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The molecular weights and molecular weight distribution of a styrene-butadiene rubber produced at 5°C. according to an incrementally modified recipe with tert-dodecyl mercaptan modifier, do not differ significantly from those of similar conventionally modified rubbers. The limiting effect of diffusion upon the mass transfer of mercaptan in the system provides a consistent explanation of this finding.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051318
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 158
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glass transitions in polymers (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. S1 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051319
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 159
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer news (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. S4 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051321
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 160
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of the HLB system in selecting emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 135-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In the present work a wide variety of nonionic emulsifiers and anionic/nonionic blends of emulsifiers were evaluated in the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate and styrene. It was found that the emulsion stability and other polymer emulsion properties are often dependent upon a certain property of the emulsifier known as the HLB value. It has been shown elsewhere that the HLB value can be correlated with a fundamental physical property of the system oil-water-emulsifier, namely, the spreading coefficient of the internal phase liquid on the surface of a 1% solution of the emulsifier in the external phase. In the emulsion polymerization of styrene, good emulsion stability coupled with adequate conversion rate was obtained in an emulsifier HLB range of 13 to 16. For certain emulsifier blends it was found that emulsion viscosity and emulsion particle size were strongly dependent on the HLB of the emulsifier. Similar comments apply to vinyl acetate polymerization, except that the most stable emulsions were obtained with emulsifiers in an HLB range from 14.5 to 17.5. These observations on preferred HLB range apply only to nonionic emulsifiers and anionic/nonionic emulsifier blends, which were the emulsifier types screened in the present investigation. For both styrene and vinyl acetate the most generally satisfactory emulsion properties were obtained in the present work by the use of an anionic/nonionic emulsifier blend (G-3300/G-3920).
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051402
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 161
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the initiator on the grafting of polyvinyl polymers (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 149-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dependence of grafting on the type of initiator has been examined in the case of three polymer-monomer systems: polystyrene-methyl methacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate-vinyl acetate, and polyethyl α-chloroacrylate-vinyl acetate. The different initiators used in these experiments were benzoyl peroxide (Bz2O2), azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP), and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). In each case the graft copolymers were separated from the homopolymers by fractional precipitation or by extraction. In the case of the system polystyrene-methyl methacrylate, an appreciable degree of grafting as well as formation of graft copolymer occur in the presence of Bz2O2; in contrast, the grafting is low with DTBP and doubtful with AIBN. For the other two systems no noticeable differences occurred as function of the initiator. In the case of polyethyl α-chloroacrylate the amount of graft copolymer is exceptionally high owing to the sensitivity of this polymer to a radical attack; this sensitivity results in the partial insolubility of the graft copolymers in the presence of TBHP and DTBP, but not in the presence of AIBN.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051403
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 162
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new synthetic elastomer based on a chlorophosphonated polyolefin (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 157-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new synthetic elastomer has been obtained based on an ethylene-propylene copolymer prepared using an organometallic catalyst system. Reactive sites (phosphonyl dichloride groups) are placed on the copolymer chain by treating the polymer with phosphorus trichloride and oxygen. After hydrolysis or alcoholysis of the phosphonyl dichloride groups to phosphonic acid or phosphonic acid esters, vulcanization may be carried out by reaction with metallic oxides, particularly lead oxide. Vulcanizates of the polyolefin elastomer have outstanding resistance to heat, ozone, and oxygen, and have excellent electrical properties. This combination suggests the use of this material in high temperature electrical applications.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051405
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 163
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in fine structure and mechanical properties induced by cyanoethylation of cotton yarns. II. Reacted without longitudinal shrinkagePaper presented before the 138th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York, September 11-16, 1960. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The cellulose of cotton yarns was reacted with acrylonitrile under conditions preventing their longitudinal contraction. Changes taking place in the fine structure of the fiber were studied by means of optical microscopy, density measurements, x-ray diffraction, and thermal stress behavior measurements. The results indicate that in spite of the strong tensions developed in the yarns, the reaction proceeds in both the accessible and the crystalline regions with considerable volume expansion and eventual disappearance of crystalline structure. Suggestions of a glass transition temperature appear at substitutions slightly above D.S. = 1. Annealing becomes possible at substitutions above D.S. = 2 with the development of the cyanoethyl cellulose crystal structure and over 40% increase in tensile strength. Changes in tenacity, ultimate elongation, energy of rupture, and immediate elastic recovery were also observed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051406
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 164
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) and some soluble crystalline copolymers (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 184-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) has been prepared by polymerizing the monomer over a catalyst made from titanium tetrachloride and lithium aluminum tetradecyl. The molecular weight of the crystalline polymer was invariably too high for fiber preparation, even when polymerization variables were varied drastically, so a technique for thermal cracking was developed. By heating grease-free, crystalline poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) in a vacuum at about 280°, it was possible to lower smoothly the molecular weight of the polymer to any desired value, without undesirable crosslinking or by-product formation. The polymer was melt-spun by conventional techniques to highly oriented, tough fibers. Copolymerization of 10-25% 1-hexene and other linear 1-olefins with 4-methyl-1-pentene gives products which are still high-melting, but which are readily soluble in such solvents as cyclohexane or chloroform, in contrast to the homopolymer which is only slightly soluble. Polymerization in solvents for the copolymer gave solutions which were converted to fibers and film without intermediate isolation of polymer or removal of the catalyst. An interesting terpolymer in which divinylbenzene was the third component was found to be initially soluble, but was readily crosslinked at elevated temperature.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051409
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 165
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural characterization of vulcanizates. Part II. Use of triphenylphosphine to determine the structures of sulfur linkages in unaccelerated natural rubber-sulfur vulcanizate networks (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 299-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Treatment of unaccelerated natural rubber-sulfur vulcanizate networks with triphenylphosphine in benzene at 80°C. effects the removal of part of the combined sulfur, the proportion removed decreasing with increasing cure time. This partial desulfurization of the network is attributed, on the basis of the mode of interaction of simple organic di- and polysulfides with triphenylphosphine, to the conversion of polysulfide linkages in the network into either mono- or disulfide groups. Knowledge of the amount of sulfur removed by the reagent, and of the chemical degree of crosslinking and combined sulfur content of the untreated networks permits the following semiquantitative conclusions to be reached concerning the structures of the sulfur linkages in the networks: (1) long polysulfidic crosslinks (—S11— to —S12—) are initially formed, which on continued cure progressively decrease in length to a limiting value of —S2— to —S4—; and (2) a very high proportion to the combined sulfur (ca. 77% for short cure times, increasing to ca. 95% on extended cure) is present in cyclic monosulfide groups situated along the polyisoprene chains.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051508
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 166
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between glass temperature, molar cohesion, and polymer structurePresented before the Division of Polymer Chemistry at the 138th meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York, September 1960. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 318-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An empirical equation relating glass temperature, molar cohesion, and polymer structure has been developed from data found in the literature. A fairly extensive list of group cohesion values has been obtained from this relationship and glass temperatures which are in good agreement with reported values have been calculated. The equation is $$ H_c = 0.5nRT_g - 25n $$ where Hc is the molar cohesion and n is an empirical number obtained from the polymer structure.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051511
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 167
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isobutylene copolymers of vinylbenzyl chloride and isopropenylbenzyl chloride (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 452-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The styrene derivatives vinylbenzyl chloride and isopropenylbenzyl chloride were prepared and copolymerized with isobutylene and propylene in order to produce polymers with reactive halogens. Vinylbenzyl chloride and isobutylene have relative reactivities such that the copolymer is much richer in isobutylene than the starting mixture, while with isopropenylbenzyl chloride and isobutylene the difference in reactivities is less and is in the opposite direction. Copolymers containing small amounts of the reactive benzylic chlorine were vulcanized, either with amines or with a conventional butyl rubber cure. Permselective membranes were prepared from copolymers rich in benzylic chlorine.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051611
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 168
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mechanism of post cure of viton ARegistered trademark of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. Fluorocarbon elastomerBased on a lecture delivered at the 2nd International Synthetic Rubber Symposium, London, October 1960, by arrangement with Rubber and Plastics World. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 460-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The necessity for oven post-curing Viton A vulcanizates is explained in the following way: The formation of crosslinks is accompanied by the elimination of HF from the polymer. In the subsequent reaction of HF with the magnesium oxide present as acid acceptor water is formed which acts to inhibit the full development of cure unless it is removed from the vicinity of the polymer by post-curing in an open system. Measurement of the rate of elimination of water from the polymer serves as a method of following the development of crosslinking during cure. Approximately two moles of water, derived from four moles of hydrogen fluoride, are associated with the use of one mole of diamine curing agent. This ratio is confirmed by independent estimates of the relationship of crosslinking density to curing agent level based on measurements of swollen compression moduli.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051612
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 169
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Room temperature sulfur and nonsulfur vulcanization of natural rubber: With sulfur and piperidinium n-pentamethylenedithiocarbamate and with quinone dioxime (GMF) and yellow mercuric oxide (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 349-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Calendered sheets of pale crepe rubber containing an ultra-accelerator, piperidinium N-pentamethylenedithiocarbamate, and zinc oxide were embedded in powdered sulfur and kept at room temperature. Tensile strengths up to 294.2 kg./cm.2 (4185 psi) and elongations up to 530% were attained; the combined sulfur in 115 weeks was 3.60%. Calendered pale crepe rubber containing 10 parts of yellow mercuric oxide to 100 parts of rubber allowed to stand covered with quinone dioxime (GMF) powder at room temperature slowly vulcanizes, reaching a tensile strength of 53.1 kg./cm.2 (754 psi) in 405 days, and retaining this condition for at least twice this same period of time. The elongation reached 740%, and the set was 0.16. The tensile strength obtained is almost as high as that obtained in a press cure with quinone dioxime alone. The untreated sample containing yellow mercuric oxide alone showed a tensile strength of only 5.3 kg./cm.2 (75 psi). Calendered pale crepe with no mercuric oxide set in quinone dioxime and calendered pale crepe containing 2 parts of quinone dioxime, when allowed to stand at room temperature, showed no signs of vulcanization.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051515
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 170
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uniformity of substitution during the emulsion xanthation of celluloseA portion of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of The Institute of Paper Chemistry for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from Lawrence College, Appleton, Wis., June, 1960. This work was carried out under the direction of Kyle Ward, Jr. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 364-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Viscose-grade cotton linters (DPw = 1135) were converted to viscose by the emulsion xanthation technique. Two variables - namely, substitution level and xanthation time - were considered insofar as their influence on the uniformity of substitution with regard to chain length was concerned. The stable diethylacetamide derivatives were prepared by reaction with diethylchloroacetamide and fractionally precipitated from aqueous 2-chloroethanol. The DPw and degree of substitution (DS) of the individual fractions were determined. The results in each case indicated that the longer chains were more highly substituted than the shorter chains. For a constant xanthation time (6 hr.), uniformity in substitution improved with increasing substitution level. For a constant CS2:cellulose ratio (1.48), uniformity increased with xanthation time. A mechanism is suggested which accounts for these phenomena.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051517
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 171
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the thermal gradient and elution methods of polymer fractionation (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 354-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The elution method is essentially a single-stage process, whereas the thermal gradient method is a multistage process which depends upon a thermal gradient to bring about reprecipitation of polymer in the fractions. As a test of the effectiveness of the thermal gradient, comparisons have been made of fractionation by these two column methods on high molecular weight polystyrene samples. It was found that the thermal gradient method definitely provides superior resolution and reproducibility, as expected. However, the degree of fractionation obtained by the elution method was surprising, accounting for at least 80% of the sample under the usual conditions and giving complete fractionation with certain modifications of conditions. These results indicate the difference in performance of the two methods is less than expected from an elementary consideration of the operation of the columns, and fractionation by the elution method, as conducted here, exceeds that expected for a single-stage extraction process. Although the reasons for the observed behavior are not clear, the following conclusions have been reached about certain factors which influence fractionation. Alternative methods of controlling the concentration of polymer in the fractions give almost equivalent results but enhanced resolution of the high molecular weight portion of the sample is obtained with extended solvent gradients. The inhibitor, tert-butyl catechol, which it was necessary to add to the solvents to limit degradation of the very high molecular weight sample, plays a specific role in the fractionation due to a reaction with the polystyrene which alters the fractionation behavior without affecting the molecular weight. Also, trace amounts of chemical heterogeneity in the polymers, presumably hydroxyl groups, have a marked adverse effect on fractionation by the elution method and probably account for molecular weight reversals observed in some fractionations by the thermal gradient method. It is suggested that adsorption on the surface of the beads is responsiblp for the adverse effect of chemical heterogeneity on the fractionation and that possibly an adsorption which increases with molecular weight contributes to fractionation by the elution and thermal gradient methods.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051516
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 172
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of by-products, trace components, and similar compounds in viscose on ripening (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 375-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects on viscose ripening of a variety of materials are reported. (1) Normal constituents (Na2CO3, Na2CS3, NaCl) appeared not to affect ripening; however, Na2S retarded ripening. By-product removal appeared to retard ripening. (2) Oxidizing agents (H2O2, Na2Sx) accelerated ripening; reducing agent (Na2SO3) retarded ripening; this is suggestive of possible addition product formation. (3) Na2SO4, (CH3)2SO, KClO3, Na2BH4 showed no effect on ripening. (4) Salts which precipitated as hydroxides or carbonates did not appear to affect ripening. (5) Salts which formed insoluble sulfides resulted in an initial increase in ripening rates. In later stages, ripening proceeded normally, probably after the salts were removed from solution as insoluble sulfides. (6) FeCl3, BiCl3 and Na3AsO3 appeared to retard ripening. (7) A comparison of the effect on ripening of the trivalent state of elements in group V of the periodic table showed that the rate of ripening decreased with the oxidation potential of the element. (8) The addition of sodium zincate retarded ripening and suggested possible cross-linking of xanthate and by-product sulfur, or of two xanthate groups. (9) Addition of tin and chromium salts at the 0.5% level resulted in gelation of the viscose within 30 min. after the addition.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051601
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 173
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation crosslinking of vinyl chloride-vinyl stearate copolymer (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 388-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The crosslinking of internally plasticized polyvinyl chloride-stearate copolymer by irradiation with high-energy electrons was studied. Based on gel yields and swelling as a measure of relative crosslinking, the effect of added tetra-functional monomers, and of carbon black and silica fillers are discussed. Crosslinking by dicumyl peroxide a t 170°C. even in the presence of a stabilizer, causes concurrent decomposition (dehydrochlorination) which is avoided in the radiation-crosslinking process. The heat stability of the copolymer is not impaired by radiation crosslinking under the proper conditions. Results of tensile measurements a t 25 and 150°C. are given for the radiation-crosslinked copolymer with and without filler reinforcement.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051603
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 174
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the γ-irradiation of natural rubber latex. The effects of organic halogen compounds on crosslinking by γ-irradiation (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 401-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: As the accelerating effect of water in the crosslinking reaction of rubber in natural latex by γ-irradiation was assumed to stem from the decomposition of water into radicals by γ-irradiation, more effective reagents were sought among the organic halides which have greater G values for radical formation by γ-irradiation and, simultaneously, an affinity for rubber greater than that of water. 1,2-Dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and benzene (for comparison) were tested, and these compounds, except for benzene, were found to accelerate the reaction in proportion to their G values for radical formation. Benzene was found to have no effect, in concentrations between 1 and 5 phr. The optimum dosage was decreased to 2.1 × 106, 1.0 × 106, and 7.6 × 105 r by the addition of 1, 3, and 5 phr of carbon tetrachloride, respectively, and was assumed to have decreased to 1.17 × 107, 9.0 × 106, and 7.6 × 106 r with 1, 3, and 5 phr of 1,2-dichloroethane, and to 8.6 × 106, 6.2 × 106, and 5.2 × 106 r with 1, 3, and 5 phr of chloroform, respectively. The physical properties of the films obtained at the optimum dosages under these accelerating conditions were equal to those of the latex irradiated up to the optimum dosage with no addition of halide. No side reactions occurred during the halide-accelerated crosslinking that were sufficiently extensive to influence the infrared spectra.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051605
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 175
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The estimation of catalytic parameters of metal acetylacetonates in isocyanate polymerization reactionsContribution No. 202. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 424-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The polyaddition process involving a hydroxy-terminated linear polyester and an organic diisocyanate in the presence of a series of metal acetylacetonates has been investigated. The method involved kinetic analysis of plasticity build-up in a Brabender Plastograph. Catalytic orders and relative catalytic constants (kc/k0) were determined for Mn(Aa)3, VO(Aa)2, V(Aa)3, Fe(Aa)3, Cu(Aa)2, Co(Aa)3, and Cr(Aa)3; the constants decrease in that order. Catalytic orders are unity for all complexes save manganese, which is 1.75. No correlation between dissociation potential and catalytic coefficient has been found, and it is believed that catalysis may be associated with the paramagnetic properties of the metal.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051607
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 176
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The strain dependence of rubber viscoelasticity. Part III. Natural and butyl rubber at high extensions (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 428-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dynamic Young's moduli are derived from observations of wave propagation in stretched filaments of natural and butyl rubbers. Extensions up to about 700% are studied within a temperature range of -45 to +50°C. and a frequency range of 0.2 to 20 kycles/sec. At constant temperature and frequency both the real (E') and imaginary (E″) components increase with increasing extension. The loss factor (E″/E') decreases with increasing extension, but the decrease is more pronounced for the butyl rubber so that the large difference in damping between the two polymers in the unstrained state is greatly reduced at high extensions. Approximate relaxation spectra are derived for the strained materials on the basis of several assumptions regarding the applicability of the WLF equation. It is found that the spectra are displaced in the direction of longer times by increasing extension; this is equivalent to an increase in the monomeric friction coefficient with extension. The effect is more pronounced for the natural rubber than for the butyl, and consequently the ratio of the friction coefficients (butyl:natural) falls from several hundred unstrained state to approximately 3 at 550% extension.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051608
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 177
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscoelastic factors in the strength of elastomers under complex stress by a puncture methodPresented at the Tenth Canadian High Polymer Forum, Ste. Marguerite, Quebec, September 7-9, 1960.Contribution No. 262 from the research laboratory of the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 442-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Investigations of the viscoelastic aspects of the mechanical behavior of polymers have been limited almost exclusively to relatively simple conditions of homogeneous stress, that is, to tension or shear loadings. In the present work a study has been made from the viscoelastic standpoint of the response of several elastomers to a much more complex type of stress distribution arising from penetration up to failure by a cylindrical indentor for a range of temperatures and rates of penetration. The failure or “puncture point” was determined by a dip in the recorded curve of load versus depth of penetration. The puncture strength values were reduced to 25°C. by applying the ratio of absolute temperatures and plotted against the logarithm of the reciprocal of the rate of penetration. These curves were then shifted on the time scale to give a master curve after the manner of Tobolsky and of Ferry. The logarithms of the shift factors thus obtained were related to the reciprocal of the absolute temperature over the range studied. The results indicate a broader generality for the viscoelastic principle of time-temperature equivalence than has usually been supposed.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051610
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 178
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Status of investigations for improving weatherability of linear polyethylene and copolymers (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 612-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In an attempt to extend the outdoor serviceability of items molded from linear polyethylene and copolymers, three ultraviolet absorbers, namely, Cyasorb UV-9 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone), Cyasorb UV-314 (2,2′-dihydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone), and TBS (4-tert-butyl phenyl salicylate), sixteen different pigments, and combinations of both ultraviolet absorber and pigment were investigated. Injection-molded test specimens were employed in this study. The laboratory source of radiation to which these samples were exposed was an Atlas XW Weatherometer. Similar samples also were exposed at various outdoor locations including Phoenix, Arizona, Summit, New Jersey, and Newark, New Jersey, to utilize practical conditions of outdoor weathering. During these weathering studies surface cracking was observed as occurring at approximately the same time as a significant decrease in tensile strength, elongation, and melt index. Such observations became a method of rapidly screening a large number of formulations for resistance to ultraviolet radiation. For optimal outdoor serviceability with respect to retention of elongation, tensile strength, and melt index properties of molded items, the following steps are necessary. A high-density resin having as low a melt index as possible is selected. The molded item is designed to minimize the formation of molded-in stresses and strains. Proper selection of UV absorbers, pigments, and combinations of both are made. Pigments such as green, orange, peacock blue, monastral purple, red, and black, in high concentrations, will prolong the outdoor weatherability of a given product.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051717
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 179
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscoelastic properties of regenerated cellulose sheet (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 647-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The viscoelastic properties of regenerated cellulose containing several different softeners or water only were investigated. Measurements of creep and Young's modulus were made on the Instron tensile tester, and the creep curves were fitted to a mechanical model consisting of Voigt and Maxwell elements of springs and dashpots in series. The elastic and viscous parameters were determined for the various softened films and compared with each other and with measurements of Young's modulus. It was found that the elastic modulus is a function of the effective molar concentration of the softener in the film which is related to its ability to break hydrogen bonds. The inelastic deformation was found to be a linear function of the heat of vaporization of softener (including water) in the film which is related to hydrogen-bonding energy. Thus, inelastic deformation requires breaking of interchain hydrogen bonds in contrast to pure elastic deformation which involves stretching of hydrogen bonds. A relationship of the Voigt unit and of the Maxwell unit on the composition of the cellulose-softener system and on cellulose-softener interaction has been demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051806
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 180
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polysaccharide B-1459: A new hydrocolloid polyelectrolyte produced from glucose by bacterial fermentationPresented before the Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry at the 136th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, September 1959. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 519-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The exocellular polysaccharide fermented from glucose in good yield by Xanthomonas campestrìs NRRL B-1459, has been characterized. The general aspects of chemical constitution have been established, as well as the physical properties related to practical applicability. This macromolecular polysaccharide is composed of D-mannose, D-glucose, D-glucuronic acid (as the potassium salt), and a small proportion of acetyl groups. It can be produced on an industrial scale and is stable is storage. Analytical fractionation indicates fairly sharp molecular distribution for the native polysaccharide. The polysaccharide forms homogeneous dispersions in water which show plastic rheological properties and viscosity comparable with that of high-grade plant gums. Outstanding characteristics of practical significance are the atypical insensitivity of solution viscosity to salt effects and to heat, especially when salt is present. Solutions of low concentration show a restricted viscosity decrease upon salt addition; those of higher concentrations show substantial increases. Viscosity is enhanced still further by monovalent cations at basic pH and by divalent cations at neutral or slightly basic pH. Salt moderates or eliminates any viscosity decrease due to heat and, in somewhat higher concentrations, it increases the viscosity of heated solutions. Heating or deacetylating Polysaccharide B-1459 causes no impairment of its properties, but actual improvement. The constitutional basis for these unusual properties is discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051704
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 181
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digital recording and automatic computation of film tensile stress-strain dataPresented at ASTM Committee D-20 Meeting, Detroit, Michigan, October 3, 1960. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 527-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A system is described for automatic collection of stress-strain data for polymeric films on magnetic tape for subsequent automatic data reduction and computation of a variety of stress-strain parameters. Two shaft analog-to-digital encoders attached to a conventional tensile tester feed digital information to an incremental pulse recorder which stores all stress and strain data in two channels on 0.625-in. magnetic tape. Specimen information and test constants are inserted by the operator through a keyboard located at the tensile tester. The tape is subsequently fed into a standard digital computer through a special incremental pulse magnetic tape reader. The data pulses are internally stored and converted by means of a special program into eight significant stress-strain parameters for polymeric film samples, plus averages and standard deviations for groups of replicate determinations. These parameters include: corrected length of specimen, initial maximum tensile modulus, offset yield stress, strain at break, strain at maximum stress, maximum tensile stress, tensile stress at break, and work to break. While the program described applies to polymer film testing, both it and the digital recording equipment accessories are applicable with suitable modification, to any analog experimental data. Significant savings in man-hours and increased information output result from use of this system.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051705
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 182
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of heterogeneous acetylation and methylation on mechanical properties of isotropic cellulose film (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 545-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects on mechanical properties of heterogeneous acetylation and methylation of isotropic cellulose films have been studied. The effects on breaking load, extensibility, yield point, elastic recovery, and initial Young's modulus in the air-dry state were very small. It is concluded that these properties are not markedly influenced in cellulose derivatives by variation of the nature of the intermolecular cohesive forces in the way that might have been anticipated from the analogy of a simple molecular network. It is suggested that the lack of effect of such treatments, and also the cause of the low elastic recovery in cellulose and its derivatives, may be connected with molecular stiffness, dipole distribution, and supracrystalline structure. Cellulose and its derivatives are contrasted with nylon in this respect. The effects of methylation or acetylation on mechanical properties in water are much more extensive and are attributed to a solubilizing effect which, in the case of progressive acetylation, is ultimately opposed by the formation of acetate-acetate intermolecular bonds that are relatively stable to water.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051708
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 183
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneous polymer systems. I. Torsional modulus studies (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 580-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Torsional modulus-temperature data have been obtained on heterogeneous polymer compositions prepared by several procedures. Both the state of aggregation of the component chain molecules and their degree of compatibility are significant variables. Modulus curves similar to those for crystalline polymers can be obtained from incompatible polymers having glass temperatures sufficiently far apart. Detailed interpretations are presented for modulus curves of both individual homopolymers and bicomponent heterogeneous polymer mixtures.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051713
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 184
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting of vinyl monomers onto crosslinked polymers. I. Grafting of methyl methacrylate onto fibers spun from polymer blends of polyvinyl alcohol and its partially N-methylolcarbamoylethylated productsPresented at a meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan, Tokyo, October 19, 1960. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 563-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Improvements in physical properties of polyvinyl alcohol fibers were attempted by means of both crosslinking and graft copolymerization. By using the ceric iron redox system on synthetic fibers spun from polymer blends containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and its partially (about 15 mole-%) N-methylolcarbamoylethylated products (PVM) in which the blend ratios were 0/100, 10/90, 15/85, and 20/80 by weight, methyl methacrylate (MMA) was grafted at 30°C. in the aldehyde-free acetone-water system after crosslinking by heat treatment or successive acid treatment. Grafting increases with increasing PVM component. This may be ascribed to the coarsening of the fiber texture caused by polymer blending and the increasing of methylol groups as a reducing agent. Moisture regains decrease with increasing graft fraction, but these appear to be greater than the additive values of backbone and graft polymer. Less shrinkage in boiling water is obtained with the increase of PVM component and grafting; the decreased shrinkage is significant in the acid-treated PVM-PVA fibers, and it reaches a nearly sufficient value at about 50% graft-on. The PVA fibers do not give sufficient shrink-proofing. The inherent tenacity and elongation of the grafted fibers increase slightly with increasing graft-on or denier except at the high grafting above about 100, 150, and 300 in the PVA, acid-treated, and acid-untreated PVM/PVA fibers, respectively; whereas the tensile strength in grams/denier decreases with grafting. Although at high grafting, a destruction in the fiber texture will perhaps occur, the coarser the texture of backbone fiber, the harder the change by grafting. The knot/normal ratios in tensile strength or elongation of the grafted fibers have been retained at above 90%. The elastic recovery of the grafted fibers is considerably improved as compared to the conventional Vinylon fibers. The improvements in the acid-treated and grafted PVM/PVA (20/80) fibers are significantly greater above and below 50% graft-on, especially in the range of lower extension. As expected, the thermosetting property is also appreciably imparted with grafting. In the conventional Vinylon fibers, the formalization for shrink-proofing is usually at a sacrifice of elastic recovery. But MMA grafting in the PVM/PVA fibers gives a fairly good elastic recovery and less shrinkage in addition to thermosetting property, making the most of the characteristics in the longer intermolecular crosslinkages formed between methylol groups or PVA-OH groups and methylol groups.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051711
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 185
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    International rubber conference (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 620-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051718
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 186
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symposium on structure and properties of regenerated cellulosePresented before the Division of Cellulose Chemistry, at the 139th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, St. Louis, Missouri, March 21-30, 1961 (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 621-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051801
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 187
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sur la dégradation thermique du chlorure de polyvinyle. I. Méthodes expérimentales d'etude cinétique (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 98-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An apparatus for polyvinyl chloride thermal degradation under isothermal conditions and in a controlled atmosphere is described with precision. Continuous measurement of loss of weight of the sample under degradation and, at the same time, continuous titration of hydrochloric acid evolved, can be carried out. The apparatus consists essentially of a magnetically equilibrated Ugine-Eyraud balance, in which runs a purified gas stream that picks up volatile products in an argentimetric titration cell, coupled to a titrimeter and recorder. Total precision of simultaneous measurements is 1%. An example of the experimental results is given.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1962.070061911
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 188
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contraction and relaxation of actin fibers (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. S1 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1962.070061915
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 189
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sur la déagradation thermique du chlorure de polyvinyle. II. Etudes cinéatiques sous atmosphéare inerte (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 103-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: For a commercial polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polymerized in suspension, decomposition kinetics were studied in a nitrogen atmosphere and isothermal conditions, from 150 to 250°C., by measuring simultaneously loss of hydrochloric acid and loss of weight. Below 200°C., hydrochloric acid is the only volatile product freed; reaction is zero order and activation energy is 20 kcal./mole HCl. Active centers are mainly end chains of unsaturated structures. The reaction is terminated by mutual destruction of radicals, creating crosslinks. Above 200°C., when the degree of dehydrochlorination is high enough, a minor difference is observed between loss of weight and hydrochloric acid loss. The reaction is autoaccelerated and can be classified as a degenerated branching chain reaction. It is suggested that activation of irregular structures, initially present or created during the course of the reaction, and thus responsible for autocatalysis, provides active centers for chain dehydrochlorination. Some of these structures are active at temperatures lower than that of their formation. Each kind of structure is believed to be at the origin of a radical zero-order chain reaction; its activation energy depends on its type. The reaction chains are terminated by inactivate irregular structures.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1962.070061912
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 190
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A suggested technique for measuring stress relaxation modulus and creep compliance and for testing linear viscoelastic theory (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. S2 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1962.070061916
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 191
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The resilience of chemically modified cottons. II. Reactions of cellulose with formaldehyde under acid conditions (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 704-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study has been made of the reactions of cellulose with formaldehyde under acid conditions, where the fabrics are baked at elevated temperature. These treatments have involved cotton cellulose in a “dry” or relatively unswollen state and have resulted in the treated fabrics exhibiting improved crease rccovery both dry and wet. It has been found that boiling 1% acetic acid solution reduces the acetal contents of the treated fabrics and causes corresponding decreases in both dry and wet crease-recovery improvement. The reproducibility of these treatments, with respect both to extents of formaldehyde incorporation and to dry and wet crease recovery, is found to be very good within a single treatment and, more importantly, tietween different treatments carried out under the same conditions. The rates of acetal removal by the boiling 1% acetic acid and the relationships between acetal content and crease-recovery improvement have been found to be fairly complex. A study has also been made of the rates of acetal removal by boiling 1% acetic acid for samples of cotton card sliver treated with acid and subsequently heated in sealed tubes with paraformaldehyde. The rates of acetal removal in this case have been observed to be qualitatively similar to those observed for treated fabrics. The implications of these findings are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051813
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 192
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer news (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 753-753 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051818
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 193
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Directed scission” in rubber vulcanizates (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. S5 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1962.070061918
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 194
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preface to symposium on adhesives for structural applications (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 121-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1962.070062001
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 195
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Joint design for primary structures (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 122-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper describes European use of glued construction for structural joints in aircraft. It discusses the important considerations in design and strength analysis of stiffened compression and shear panels and considers aspects of detail design in bonded structures.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1962.070062002
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 196
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of bonded joints (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 130-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Essentially the entire surface of the U. S. Air Force B-58 supersonic bomber is aluminum-bonded panel construction. Primary as well as secondary structural bonded panels were designed and manufactured to operate under demanding service conditions which include high stress, subzero temperature, high temperature, and severe acoustical vibration. Smooth surfaces are an additional requirement at subsonic and supersonic speeds. These requirements demanded that bonded joints in the B-58 be carefully designed and thoroughly evaluated. Joints in the B-58 were designed by “empirical procedures,” established for a specific adhesive syetem. Large numbers of test panels were required to confirm panel integrity and establish allowables for design. The development and adoption of accurate theoretical technique for predicting joint streqgths has been pursued and can be expected to reduce both the cost and the amount of testing required to achieve reliable deign with adhesives.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1962.070062003
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 197
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peel testing of adhesive bonded metal (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 136-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper the subject of peel is divided into two parts: (1) A mathematical determination of peeling stresses in an adhesive bond due to the applied peeling loads which leads to a mathematical definition of “peel strength.” (2) A review of suitable peel test methods examined in the light of this definition. Employing the assumption that the adhesive bond behaves as an ideal homogeneous elastic material under load, the classical derivation of the deflection of a loaded beam on an elastic foundation is applied to the calculation of peel strength of a metal adhesive. This theory results in a mathematical definition of peel strength and offers a reasonable explanation of the effects of the important variables such as metal and adhesive thickness and strength properties and provides a basis for the comparison and evaluation of the few testing methods presently in use.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1962.070062004
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 198
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methods for determining stress distribution in adherends and adhesives (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 145-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Loading a lap joint in tension causes the adherends to increase their tensile stress over the nominal because of the bending produced by the offset of the joint. Knowing the configuration of the joint and the tensile stress, the stress distribution in the adherends outside the joint can be determined. The theory, with resulting equations, is based on the assumption that the adherends act like a plate bent to a cylindrical surface. If the bending of the adherends is eliminated by the use of a double overlap joint, the stress distribution in the adhesive can be determined. This analysis is based on existing mathematical findings of the load distribution in riveted joints. The resulting equations have been proven experimentally by the use of the photo stress technique, and can be applied to adhesively bonded, soldered, brazed, welded, and under certain conditions, riveted joints.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1962.070062005
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 199
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adherend surface preparation (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 150-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: If an adhesive joint is to be strong and permanent its adherend surfaces must be treated at least to remove oil, dirt, and dust. In addition, control of surface roughness, oxide formations, and sometimes adsorbed water is required. Deposition of chromium atoms or TiO2 is indicated for electron donor metals surfaces, and treatments may be useful to protect the adhesive from the adherend or vice versa, or to make their structures more congenial.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1962.070062006
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 200
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural adhesives - characteristics and application (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Structural adhesives are one of the more important developments in the adhesives field because they make possible bonded assemblies in lightweight structures which take full advantage of the strengths of the materials used. Structural adhesives can be divided into two classes. One class consists of hard brittle resins typified by unmodified epoxy adhesives which have high shear and tensile strengths but low peel strength. The second class consists of a combination of resins resulting in a more ductile type of adhesive which has high peel strength along with high shear and tensile strength. One application is described here in which an epoxy adhesive is used in a design which minimizes peel forces and which causes failure of the bonded assembly in the metal. The evaluation of this design showed it to be successful.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1962.070062007
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...