ISSN:
0021-8995
Keywords:
Chemistry
;
Polymer and Materials Science
Source:
Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
Topics:
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
,
Physics
Notes:
A series of thirteen polyethylene and ten polypropylene packaging films was studied by both the Handle-O-Meter and the dynamic tensile modulus apparatus, to discover how the stiffness of polyolefin films determined with the Handle-O-Meter depended on the modulus of the material and the thickness of the film. The polyethylene films included low-, medium-, and high-density resins and ranged in thickness from 0.7 to 4 mils. The moduli of these films ranged from 2.5 X 109 to 18 X 109 dynes/cm.2 The polypropylene films were made from several types of resins with moduli varying from 73 x 109 to 54 X 109, and the thicknesses of these films ranged from 0.5 to 4 mils. When the logarithm of the ratio of stiffness to modulus was plotted as a function of the logarithm of the thickness of the film, as determined from unit weights and densities, a straight line was obtained with a slope of 2.5. This means that over a wide range of gauge and modulus the Handle-O-Meter stiffness of these materials, S (in grams), is related to the modulus, E (in dynes per square centimeter), and the thickness, t (in mils), by the equation S = 1.41 X 10-9Et2.5. This result, which shows that the Handle-O-Meter stiffness of polyolefin films may be represented as a function of the thickness and the modulus as given by the dynamic tensile modulus apparatus, may be used to calculate a modulus value from any single Handle-O-Meter stiffness value or, alternatively, to reduce Handle-O-Meter stiffness measurements to a standard thickness. Conversely, this relationship may be used to predict the Handle-O-Meter stiffness of a film made from a polymer whose modulus is known.
Additional Material:
4 Ill.
Type of Medium:
Electronic Resource
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070303
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