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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethics and intellectual structures (1995)
    Springer
    AI & society 9 (1995), S. 18-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5655
    Keywords: Ethics ; Science ; Technology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In the paper, three propositions are put forward. First, that intellectual structures of wide scope commonly lead to conclusions which are ethically unacceptable; secondly that the ethically unacceptable consequences of science arise from one particular presupposition which it adopts, namely that of causality; thirdly, that causality is no essential part of science.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01174476
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The perils of peer review in economics and other sciences (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of evolutionary economics 5 (1995), S. 43-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1386
    Keywords: Peer review ; Referees ; Science ; A14
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The quality of researchers' work in economics and other sciences is generally evaluated through a system of peer review. In an experimental test it is shown that the peer review system can be very inefficient by creating a bias towards incremental development of existing methods and against exploration of new methods. Previous studies on this issue have put the blame on biases in individual judgement. Here the inefficiency is shown to occur even when researchers are rational and have perfect information as a result of strategic uncertainty about the extent to which other referees reject new methods. The experiment also shows that the bias generated by peer review can be alleviated by shifting some quality evaluation to non-researchers, even if these are poor at discerning quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01199669
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Knowledge spillovers in biotechnology: sources and incentives (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of evolutionary economics 9 (1999), S. 97-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1386
    Keywords: Key words: Biotechnology ; Knowledge spillovers ; Science ; Entrepreneurship ; Startups ; JEL-classification: LO; O1; O3
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper sheds light on the questions, Why does knowledge spill over? and How does knowledge spill over? The answer to these questions we suggest lies in the incentives confronting scientists to appropriate the expected value of their knowledge considered in the context of their path-dependent career trajectories. In particular, we focus on the ability of scientists to appropriate the value of knowledge embedded in their human capital along with the incentive structure influencing if and how scientists choose to commercialize their knowledge. We conclude that the spillover of knowledge from the source creating it, such as a university, research institute, or industrial corporation, to a new-firm startup facilitates the appropriation of knowledge for the individual scientist(s) but not necessarily for the organization creating that new knowledge in the first place.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001910050076
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer Technology, Science Education, and Students with Learning Disabilities (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of science education and technology 6 (1997), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1839
    Keywords: Science ; learning disability ; computer technology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The ways computer technology could be used to teach science to students with learning disabilities (LD) are explored. Science is for all students and that includes students with LD. Learning science has both cognitive and affective implications for students with LD. In this context, computer technology provides cognitively engaging and motivating instructional tools for individualizing the mode of delivery; developing expert tutors; anchoring instruction; integrating science with other subjects; reducing cognitive load on working memory; and motivating students to stay on task. These applications are discussed with implications for teaching science to students with LD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025622116227
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  • 5
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    Tobacco consultants find letters lucrative (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 14;281(5379):895,897.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9722463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; Correspondence as Topic ; *Disclosure ; *Editorial Policies ; *Periodicals as Topic ; Public Relations ; Science ; *Tobacco Industry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    The Pharmacia Biotech & Science Prize (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koshland, D E Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 21;268(5209):347.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7716528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Awards and Prizes ; *Molecular Biology ; Periodicals as Topic ; Science
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Wired or wary? (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bloom, F E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 8;269(5229):1323.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7660104" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Computer Communication Networks ; *Periodicals as Topic ; *Publishing ; Science
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Women, math, and test scores (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kegel-Flom, P -- Didion, C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 20;270(5235):364-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aptitude ; Female ; Humans ; *Intelligence Tests ; Male ; *Mathematics ; Science ; *Sex Characteristics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Sex differences in mental test scores, variability, and numbers of high-scoring individuals (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-07
    Description: Sex differences in central tendency, variability, and numbers of high scores on mental tests have been extensively studied. Research has not always seemed to yield consistent results, partly because most studies have not used representative samples of national populations. An analysis of mental test scores from six studies that used national probability samples provided evidence that although average sex differences have been generally small and stable over time, the test scores of males consistently have larger variance. Except in tests of reading comprehension, perceptual speed, and associative memory, males typically outnumber females substantially among high-scoring individuals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hedges, L V -- Nowell, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 7;269(5220):41-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Education, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7604277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; *Aptitude ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; *Intelligence Tests ; Male ; Mathematics ; Probability ; Reading ; Science ; *Sex Characteristics ; United States ; Writing
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Conduct in science (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benditt, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 23;268(5218):1705-18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11644751" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biology ; Biomedical Research ; Education ; Ethics, Professional ; Famous Persons ; Federal Government ; Financing, Government ; *Genetic Research ; Genetic Therapy ; *Genetics ; Government ; Human Experimentation ; Humans ; Industry ; Information Dissemination ; Information Services ; *Interprofessional Relations ; Motivation ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Patents as Topic ; Research ; *Research Personnel ; Science ; Scientific Misconduct ; United States ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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