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  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (26,481)
  • 2000-2004  (26,481)
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Year
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depolarization of evanescent waves scattered by laser-trapped gold particles: Effect of particle size (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 5415-5420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Depolarization of evanescent waves scattered by laser-trapped gold particles of 0.1, 0.5 and 2 μm in diameter is experimentally characterized in order to reveal its dependence on the size of particles. It is found that the degree of polarization of scattered evanescent waves decreases with the size of gold particles, which is contrary to that previously observed for dielectric particles. This feature becomes advantageous in particle-trapped near-field microscopy since less depolarized photons carry more information of a sample. With the help of polarization gating, this property is demonstrated in images of the evanescent wave interference pattern as well as the surface of a glass prism. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1316052
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral analysis of photons emitted during scratching of an insulator surface by a diamond in air (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 5444-5447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spectral analysis of photons emitted during scratching of insulator surfaces of Si3N4, Al2O3, ZrO2 and soda-lime glass with a diamond was performed under relatively slight frictional conditions, i.e., with a normal force of less than 1 N and a sliding velocity of less than 16 cm/s in ambient air. All the spectra showed similar profiles with strong sharp peaks in the ultraviolet region and photon energies of 2.8–4 eV. The wavelengths of the photons were perfectly matched to those for the second positive band of N2, demonstrating that an electric discharge of N2 gas occurred at the frictional contact. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1314558
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of the hydrogen degradation in SrBi2(Ta1−xNbx)2O9 by TiN barrier metal (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 5457-5462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The use of ferroelectric SrBi2(Ta1−xNbx)2O9 (SBTN) as a mainstream form of nonvolatile memory requires that the degradation of its electrical qualities that is caused by annealing in a hydrogen atmosphere be reduced. Titanium nitride (TiN) is a candidate for use as a barrier-metal layer against hydrogen diffusion. The relationship between the degradation in the qualities of SBTN and the quality of the TiN barrier metal has been investigated. TiN when sputtered onto SBTN capacitors creates a good barrier under all sputtering conditions, and maintains the electrical characteristics of the SBTN through annealing in an atmosphere of H2. Higher density TiN films provide more effective protection. The characteristics of the degraded capacitor were investigated in terms of its current-voltage characteristic. Remanent polarization can be recovered from, at least partially, by applying a series of bipolar pulses. This rejuvenation of the electrical qualities indicates that degradation arises from a combination of electrical and structural faults. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1315621
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monte Carlo study of kinetic smoothing during dissolution and etching of the Kossel (100) and silicon (111) surfaces (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 4595-4604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have analyzed the asymmetry between growth and dissolution using Monte Carlo simulations of flat and vicinal (100) surfaces of a Kossel crystal. We find that at a high driving force dissolution is very anisotropic and nearly atomically flat surfaces are produced, if the nearest-neighbor bond strength is sufficiently large. This effect we call kinetic smoothing. For wet-chemical etching of the Si(111) surface, the chemical-etch reaction determines the annihilation rate constants. If the differences between the rate constants for removal of atoms from kink, step, and terrace sites are large enough, then we observe smooth surfaces and anisotropic etching, i.e., kinetic smoothing. If etching is anisotropic, knowledge of the annihilation rate constants suffices to find an analytical expression for the etch rate as a function of misorientation. This expression can be used to fit experimental etch rates for etching of vicinal Si(111) in potassium hydroxide. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1289812
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition-structure correlations in strained FexMn1−x/Ir superlattices (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 4605-4611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The structural and chemical characteristics of FexMn1−x alloys in [FexMn1−x/Ir(001)] superlattices with iron contents of x=0.3, 0.5 and 0.9 are investigated at the nanometer scale by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy techniques. The transmission electron microscopy experiments show that pseudomorphic growth of the alloy on Ir is only achieved for x≥0.5. Layers with iron content x=0.5 display, however, structural inhomogeneities and a weak Mn segregation effect. Layers with a high iron content, Fe0.9Mn0.1 are seen to present a quasiperiodic lattice modulation. We suggest that this modulation is associated with spinodal decomposition. All these structural investigations indicate that, in epitaxial strained thin layers, the FexMn1−x alloy reproduces almost all of the complex FexMn1−x phase diagram with, however, a marked shift towards the low Fe content regions. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1311301
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural evolution and optical properties of TiO2 thin films prepared by thermal oxidation of sputtered Ti films (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 4628-4633 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A dense rutile TiO2 thin film was synthesized by the thermal oxidation of a sputtered titanium metal film in ambient air. The effects on optical properties of TiO2 films of the crystal structure and microstructural evolution at various oxidation temperatures were investigated. The Ti films transformed into single-phase rutile TiO2 at temperatures ≥ 550 °C without going through an anatase-to-rutile transformation. Instead, an additional crystalline Ti2O phase was detected at 550 °C only. An increase in the oxidation temperatures ranging between 700 and 900 °C led to an increase in both the refractive index and absorption coefficient, but a decrease in the band gap energy (Eg). According to the coherent potential approximation model, the band gap evolution of the oxidized films was primarily attributed to the electronic disorder due to oxygen deficiency at a higher oxidation temperature rather than the presence of an amorphous component in the prepared films. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1309039
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fresnel corrections to measurements of ambipolar diffusion length (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 4693-4696 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The steady state photocarrier grating method is re-examined to take account of Fresnel reflection losses at the surface. With the present conventional experimental method, the key experimental quantity β is the ratio of two lock-in amplifier readings of the conductance of the specimen with and without photocarrier grating fringes, respectively. It is shown that because of the change in optical polarization between the two readings a multiplicative factor on the measured β is necessary. Both experimental and computed results show that this can have an effect on the derived ambipolar diffusion length and surface recombination velocity. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1312836
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secondary emission of dielectrics used in plasma display panels (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 4871-4874 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This experimental study concerns the secondary emission coefficient γ for two dielectrics (MgO and enamel) used in plasma display panels. Different pure rare gases were considered at pressures varying from 5 to 50 Torr. Here, we present the variations of coefficient γ as a function of the reduced field E/p. They were obtained by introducing the breakdown voltages measured experimentally on a sample of plasma panel, into the self-sustained equation. Concerning a 0.5 μm thick MgO layer, results are shown for five gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon) whereas for a 25 μm thick enamel layer, they are presented for neon and xenon. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1290461
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray standing wave study of MnTe fractional monolayers inserted in CdTe (001) (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 4889-4897 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The x-ray standing wave method is used in correlation with reflection high-energy electron diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy to investigate the crystallographic features of MnTe monolayers inserted in CdTe (001). Either conventional molecular beam epitaxy or atomic layer epitaxy were employed for the formation of the CdTe starting surface, the deposition of the MnTe fractional monolayer, and its encapsulation by CdTe. Significant differences concerning the ratio of Mn atoms involved in MnTe clusters to those incorporated as part of a CdMnTe alloy are observed between the samples. Those differences are due to differing CdTe starting surface roughness. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1311829
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of surface morphology of Ni thin film on the growth of aligned carbon nanotubes by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 4898-4903 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Aligned carbon nanotubes were synthesized on Ni-coated Si substrates using microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The surface morphology of Ni thin films was varied with the rf power density during the rf magnetron sputtering process. It was found that the growth of carbon nanotubes was strongly influenced by the surface morphology of Ni thin film. Pure carbon nanotubes were synthesized on Ni thin film with uniformly distributed grain sizes, whereas large amounts of carbonaceous particles were produced in addition to the nanotubes, when the nanotubes were grown on Ni thin film with widely distributed grain sizes. With decreasing Ni-grain size, the diameter of nanotubes decreased and the length increased. High-resolution transmission electron microscope images clearly demonstrated the nanotubes to be multiwalled, and the graphitized structures were confirmed from the Raman spectra. Efficient field emission was observed from the diode structure with the nanotube tips. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1314614
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