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  • ddc:320
  • peatland
  • 2020-2024  (75)
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  • 1
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Due to advent of sensor technology, hyperspectral imaging has become an emerging technology in remote sensing. Many problems, which cannot be resolved by multispectral imaging, can now be solved by hyperspectral imaging. The aim of this Special Issue "Hyperspectral Imaging and Applications" is to publish new ideas and technologies to facilitate the utility of hyperspectral imaging in data exploitation and to further explore its potential in different applications. This Special Issue has accepted and published 25 papers in various areas, which can be organized into 7 categories with the number of papers published in every category included in its open parenthesis. 1. Data Unmixing (2 papers)2. Spectral variability (2 papers)3. Target Detection (3 papers)4. Hyperspectral Image Classification (6 papers)5. Band Selection (2 papers)6. Data Fusion (2 papers)7. Applications (8 papers) Under every category each paper is briefly summarized by a short description so that readers can quickly grab its content to find what they are interested in.
    Keywords: biodiversity ; peatland ; vegetation type ; classification ; hyperspectral ; in situ measurements ; hyperspectral image (HSI) ; multiscale union regions adaptive sparse representation (MURASR) ; multiscale spatial information ; imaging spectroscopy ; airborne laser scanning ; minimum noise fraction ; class imbalance ; Africa ; agroforestry ; tree species ; hyperspectral unmixing ; endmember extraction ; band selection ; spectral variability ; prototype space ; ensemble learning ; rotation forest ; semi-supervised local discriminant analysis ; optical spectral region ; thermal infrared spectral region ; mineral mapping ; data integration ; HyMap ; AHS ; raw material ; remote sensing ; nonnegative matrix factorization ; data-guided constraints ; sparseness ; evenness ; hashing ensemble ; hierarchical feature ; hyperspectral classification ; band expansion process (BEP) ; constrained energy minimization (CEM) ; correlation band expansion process (CBEP) ; iterative CEM (ICEM) ; nonlinear band expansion (NBE) ; Otsu’s method ; sparse unmixing ; local abundance ; nuclear norm ; hyperspectral detection ; target detection ; sprout detection ; constrained energy minimization ; iterative algorithm ; adaptive window ; hyperspectral imagery ; recursive anomaly detection ; local summation RX detector (LS-RXD) ; sliding window ; band selection (BS) ; band subset selection (BSS) ; hyperspectral image classification ; linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) ; successive LCMV-BSS (SC LCMV-BSS) ; sequential LCMV-BSS (SQ LCMV-BSS) ; vicarious calibration ; reflectance-based method ; irradiance-based method ; Dunhuang site ; 90° yaw imaging ; terrestrial hyperspectral imaging ; vineyard ; water stress ; machine learning ; tree-based ensemble ; progressive sample processing (PSP) ; real-time processing ; image fusion ; hyperspectral image ; panchromatic image ; structure tensor ; image enhancement ; weighted fusion ; spectral mixture analysis ; fire severity ; AVIRIS ; deep belief networks ; deep learning ; texture feature enhancement ; band grouping ; hyperspectral compression ; lossy compression ; on-board compression ; orthogonal projections ; Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization ; parallel processing ; anomaly detection ; sparse coding ; KSVD ; hyperspectral images (HSIs) ; SVM ; composite kernel ; algebraic multigrid methods ; hyperspectral pansharpening ; panchromatic ; intrinsic image decomposition ; weighted least squares filter ; spectral-spatial classification ; label propagation ; superpixel ; semi-supervised learning ; rolling guidance filtering (RGF) ; graph ; deep pipelined background statistics ; high-level synthesis ; data fusion ; data unmixing ; hyperspectral imaging ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Stable and radioactive isotopes in water are powerful tools in the tracking of the path of water molecules through the whole water cycle. In the last decade, a considerable number of studies have been published on the use of water isotopes, and their number is ever-growing. The main reason is the development of new measurement techniques (i.e., laser absorption spectroscopy) that allow measurements of stable isotope ratios at ever-higher resolutions. Therefore, this compilation of papers has been published to address the current state-of-the-art water isotope methods, applications, and interpretations of hydrological processes, and to contribute to the rapidly growing repository of isotope data, which is important for future water resource management. We are pleased to present here a book with new findings in thirteen original research papers and one review paper issued in the Water MDPI Special Issue (SI) “Use of Water Isotopes in Hydrological Processes”. The authors report the use of water isotopes in hydrological processes worldwide, including studies at both local and regional scales related to either precipitation dynamics or to different applications of water isotopes in combination with other hydrochemical parameters in investigations of surface water, snowmelt, soil water, groundwater and xylem water to identify the hydrological and geochemical processes.
    Keywords: precipitation ; stable isotope ratios ; local meteoric water line ; amount-weighted mean ; linear regression ; confidence ; prediction and generalized intervals ; stable isotopes D and 18O ; moisture source ; temperature effect ; precipitation amount effect ; regionalization ; China ; oxygen isotopes ; sulfur isotopes ; isotopic composition of water ; bacterial sulfate reduction ; sulfide oxidation ; atmospheric sulfate ; peatland ; unconfined aquifer ; mineralization of organic matter ; isotopic techniques ; water isotopic signature ; 3H- and 14C-dating ; saltwater intrusion ; Red River’s delta ; Vietnam ; Sutri Dhaka ; Chandra Basin ; Western Himalaya ; hydrograph separation ; stable water isotope ; specific ablation ; stable isotopes ; HYSPLIT model ; MWL validation ; karstic springs ; spatial variations ; Naqu River basin ; Qinghai–Tibet Plateau ; stable water isotopes ; hydrogen ; oxygen ; soil water ; fine root system ; groundwater ; isotope hydrology ; stable nitrate isotopes ; Zagreb ; Croatia ; 2H/1H and 18O/16O ; deuterium excess ; δ18O–temperature relation ; tritium ; self-organizing map ; radon ; major ions ; alluvial fan ; paddy rice field ; deuterium and oxygen-18 ; hydrogeological conceptual model ; alluvial aquifer ; Varaždin area ; δ2H ; inverse modeling ; vadose zone ; sensitivity analysis ; soil hydraulic parameters estimation ; groundwater recharge ; d-excess ; elevation effect ; altitude effect ; continental effect ; Slovenia ; Hungary ; water cycle ; measurement traceability ; precipitation (rain and snow) ; surface water ; water management ; networks and data bases ; statistical evaluation ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: More than half of the land surface on Earth can burn, and thus, fires are one of the most significant disturbances worldwide. Fires affecting forests are of great interest owing to the impacts they have on multiple provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. In this context, in which large portions of the Earth are affected by forest fires, remote sensing tools are essential equipment in fire-related assessments at multiple stages, including (I) the characterization of fire drivers and the development of predictive models, (II) the assessment of burned area, (III) the impact of the fire on soil and vegetation, and (IV) the post-fire recovery monitoring. In this reprint, we have compiled 10 research articles addressing these four topics and employing a wide variety of methodologies and remote sensing platforms (MSG, MODIS, Landsat, Sentinel-2 or airborne LiDAR).
    Keywords: wildfire fuel loadings ; sampling-based inventory data ; ordinary cokriging method ; regression analysis ; lidar remote sensing ; Mediterranean ecosystems ; convergence of evidence ; accuracy assessment ; wildfire response ; multilabel classification ; data augmentation ; decision support systems ; transfer learning ; geostationary satellite observations ; wildfire regime ; biophysical drivers ; land surface temperature ; land cover type ; trends ; Sentinel-2 ; post-fire severity ; initial fire assessment ; soil burn severity ; fire perimeter ; image compositing ; vegetation phenology ; live fuel moisture content ; wildfire ; MODIS ; spectral indices ; random forests ; elevation ; airborne laser scanning ; peatland ; carbon ; accuracy ; change detection ; disturbance ; fractional vegetation cover ; MESMA ; PROSAIL ; recovery ; fire impact ; post-fire forest recovery ; forest landscapes ; vegetation indices ; orthogonal transformation ; fire severity ; burn severity ; spatial patterns ; biomes ; continents ; climate warming ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Sustainable Life on Land, the fifteenth UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 15), calls for the protection, restoration and promotion of the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems. Among others, it requires societies to sustainably manage forests, halt and reverse land degradation, combat desertification, and halt biodiversity loss. Despite the fact that protection of terrestrial ecosystems is on the rise worldwide and forest loss has slowed, the recent IPBES report concluded that “nature is declining globally at rates unprecedented in human history”. Consequently, the United Nations General Assembly recently declared 2021–2030 the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. There is no doubt that the current global responses are far from sufficient and significant transformative changes of societies are needed to restore and protect nature and ecosystems. Transitioning to Sustainable Life on Land presents reviews, original research, and practical experiences from different disciplines with a focus on: 1. theoretical and empirical reflection about the necessary transformation of values, institutions, markets, firms and policies, 2. reviews and research on protection, restoration and sustainable use of diverse terrestrial ecosystems, 3. analyses and reporting of encouraging local, regional, national, and global initiatives. Transitioning to Sustainable Life on Land is part of MDPI's new Open Access book series Transitioning to Sustainability. With this series, MDPI pursues environmentally and socially relevant research which contributes to efforts toward a sustainable world. Transitioning to Sustainability aims to add to the conversation about regional and global sustainable development according to the 17 SDGs. Set to be published in 2020/2021, the book series is intended to reach beyond disciplinary, even academic boundaries.
    Keywords: SDG 15 ; biodiversity ; economics and governance ; valuation and ethics ; justice and sufficiency ; zero net loss ; cultivated landscapes ; ecosystem restoration ; conservation agriculture ; agroforestry ; peatland ; land consolidation ; land tenure ; land ownership ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVF Sustainable agriculture
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Sustainable Life on Land, the fifteenth UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 15), calls for the protection, restoration and promotion of the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems. Among others, it requires societies to sustainably manage forests, halt and reverse land degradation, combat desertification, and halt biodiversity loss. Despite the fact that protection of terrestrial ecosystems is on the rise worldwide and forest loss has slowed, the recent IPBES report concluded that “nature is declining globally at rates unprecedented in human history”. Consequently, the United Nations General Assembly recently declared 2021–2030 the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. There is no doubt that the current global responses are far from sufficient and significant transformative changes of societies are needed to restore and protect nature and ecosystems. Transitioning to Sustainable Life on Land presents reviews, original research, and practical experiences from different disciplines with a focus on: theoretical and empirical reflection about the necessary transformation of values, institutions, markets, firms and policies, reviews and research on protection, restoration and sustainable use of diverse terrestrial ecosystems, analyses and reporting of encouraging local, regional, national, and global initiatives. Transitioning to Sustainable Life on Land is part of MDPI's new Open Access book series Transitioning to Sustainability. With this series, MDPI pursues environmentally and socially relevant research which contributes to efforts toward a sustainable world. Transitioning to Sustainability aims to add to the conversation about regional and global sustainable development according to the 17 SDGs. Set to be published in 2020/2021, the book series is intended to reach beyond disciplinary, even academic boundaries.
    Keywords: biodiversity ; economics and governance ; valuation and ethics ; justice and sufficiency ; zero net loss ; cultivated landscapes ; ecosystem restoration ; conservation agriculture ; agroforestry ; peatland ; land consolidation ; land tenure ; land ownership ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-01-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The data provided here is an exemplary dataset for the flux site Zarnekow from one year (2018). The complete dataset that is needed to run the codes for all the years can be obtained from the European Fluxes Database Cluster under site ID DE-Zrk (Sachs et al., 2016) or provided upon request. This repository is intended to provide the necessary MATLAB and R code to reproduce the results by Kalhori et al. (2024). The data are provided as zip folder containing (1) a csv file with associated definition of variables and units (file: 2023-004_Kalhori-et-al_README_2018_units.txt), (2) a shapefile (file: 2023-004_Kalhori-et-al_2018_LAiV_DOP.shp) and (3) a Geotiff (file: 2023-004_Kalhori-et-al_2018_LAiV_DOP.tiff). In addition, we provide a second zip folder containing the data that produced the figures of the related article (Kalhori et al., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01226-9).
    Keywords: carbon dioxide emission ; CO2 emission ; methane emission ; CH4 emission ; peatland ; wetland ; eddy covariance ; rewetting ; emission factor ; mitigation ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 BIOSPHERE 〉 TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS 〉 WETLANDS 〉 PEATLANDS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-01-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This publication provides the codes produced for the article "Temporally dynamic carbon dioxide and methane emission factors for rewetted peatlands. Nature Communications Earth and Environment" by Aram Kalhori, Christian Wille, Pia Gottschalk, Zhan Li, Josh Hashemi, Karl Kemper, and Torsten Sachs (https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01226-9). In the article, the authors estimate the cumulative GHG emissions of a rewetted peatland in Germany using the long-term ecosystem flux measurements. They observe a source-to-sink transition of annual carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes and decreasing trend of methane (CH4) emissions. This software is written in R and MATLAB. Running the codes ([R files and .m files](Code)) and loading the data files ([CSV files and .mat files](Data)) requires the pre-installation of [R and RStudio] (https://posit.co/downloads/) and ([MATLAB]. The RStudio 2022.07.2 Build 576 version has been used for the R scripts. The land cover classification work was performed in QGIS, v.3.16.11-Hannover. Data were analyzed in both MATLAB and R and plots created with R (R Core Development Team 2020) in RStudio®. The following external packages are required to be incorporated into the codes in order to run the provided codes: "zyp" package; "missForest" package;"REddyProc" package and explained in detail in the README. Files: Codes/Kalhori2023_SenSlopes_fig2.r "zyp" package, Maintainer David Bronaugh 〈bronaugh@uvic.ca〉 Depends R (〉= 2.4.0), Kendall License: LGPL-2.1 https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=zyp Files: Codes/Kalhori2023_gapfillingMF_validation_figSI1.r "missForest" package, Maintainer Daniel J. Stekhoven 〈stekhoven@stat.math.ethz.ch〉 Depends randomForest,foreach,itertools License: GPL (〉= 2) https://www.r-project.org, https://github.com/stekhoven/missForest Files: Codes/Kalhori2023_NEEpartitioning.r "REddyProc" package, Maintainer Thomas Wutzler 〈twutz@bgc-jena.mpg.de〉 Depends R (〉= 3.0.0), methods Imports Rcpp, dplyr, purrr, rlang, readr, tibble, magrittr, solartime, bigleaf (〉= 0.7) License: GPL (〉= 2) https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/REddyProc/index.html Data are provided as .shp, CSV or text files. The MATLAB scripts for footprint calculation and the R scripts used for gapfilling (missForest) and flux partitioning (REddyProc) are also included.The full description of the data and methods is provided in the manuscript.
    Description: Other
    Description: GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 3, 29 June 2007 Copyright (C) 2023 Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany (Aram Kalhori). Kalhori2023_Rewetted Peatland_GHG Analysis is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 3 of the License. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see 〈https://www.gnu.org/licenses/〉.
    Keywords: carbon dioxide emission ; CO2 emission ; methane emission ; CH4 emission ; peatland ; wetland ; eddy covariance ; rewetting ; emission factor ; mitigation ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 BIOSPHERE 〉 TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS 〉 WETLANDS 〉 PEATLANDS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS
    Type: Software , Software
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-10-02
    Description: As the climate crisis is accelerating and the pressure to act is steadily increasing, many companies are claiming themselves or their products carbon neutral. This is usually achieved by offsetting residual emissions with carbon certificates (carbon offsetting). However, recent revelations about the inadequate quality of carbon credits and legal uncertainties surrounding the use of such offset claims are increasingly raising doubts about this approach. This Wuppertal Report examines how the EU can promote integrity in corporate climate action. Taking into account the new framework of the Paris Agreement, the paper outlines various options for how the EU could push for more integrity and effectively combat greenwashing through the targeted use of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. In their recommendations, the authors advocate addressing the most serious consequences of ongoing offset practices through increased regulation of offset claims. If a ban on offset claims cannot be implemented, claims requirements and carbon offset regulations should be further specified, for example, by prohibiting any type of double counting of emissions reductions. In addition to tightening the rules for corporate offset claims within Europe, the EU could help partner countries make informed decisions when approving climate change mitigation measures and respective carbon credits. The report also emphasizes the EU's special role in international climate negotiations, where it should advocate for a strong legal framework for climate action under Article 6.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: In einer umkämpften Stadt wird der Anbau von Nahrung zu einem politischen Akt: Anbau, Erwerb von Nahrung und ihre sozialen und umweltbezogenen Qualitätskriterien sind eng verknüpft mit dem "Recht auf Stadt", wie es der französische Soziologe Henri Lefebvre formuliert hat. Anhand verschiedener Dimensionen dieses "Rechts auf Stadt" untersucht Katharina Gröne drei Landwirtschaftsprojekte in Kapstadt/Südafrika - mit Blick auf die kommunikative und die mikropolitische Ebene sozialökologischer Praktiken. Aufgrund ungleicher sozialräumlicher Entwicklung, Teilhabe und Anerkennung durch die Politik nehmen diese drei Projekte jeweils unterschiedliche Positionen im alternativen Nahrungsmittelnetzwerk Kapstadts ein. Kulturelle Artefakte, Symbole, Logos und Begriffe dienen dabei der Herstellung sozialer Ordnung und eines spezifischen Repräsentationsregimes im politischen Feld. So wird der Anbau von Gemüse zum Austragungsort eines Machtkampfes - und dient der Herstellung kultureller Hegemonie in der städtischen Nachhaltigkeitspolitik.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2023-10-13
    Description: In view of the accelerating climate crisis, the Russian invasion of Ukraine highlighted the dependency of fossil fuels on the part of Germany and the European Union (EU). With the priority aim to reduce the import dependency from the Russian Federation while providing energy security and staying on track with climate mitigation efforts, the Federal Government was presented with major challenges. Prior to the war, an approximate 34% of the mineral oil, 53.6% of the natural gas, and 50% of hard coal supplies to Germany originated from Russian sources. As of 2023, however, Germany is independent from Russian energy imports. This paper examines implications of the global energy crisis induced by the invasion on the energy sector in Germany. As a basis for achieving this analysis, a short overview of the energy situation in the country before the war and a demonstration of the provisional conditions is presented. This is followed by an analysis of the main consequences of the war and medium and long-term strategies to reach Germany's climate goals while maintaining energy security. Lastly, foreseeable consequences regarding the European and German climate goals are discussed.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2023-12-08
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2023-12-08
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2023-12-08
    Description: As investors and financial intermediaries, private banks are increasingly confronted with climate change concerns. But to what extent do banks identify as the changemakers driving climate alignment forward? To advance this question, this paper analyzes the South African banking sector with a specific focus on Standard Bank and Nedbank as exemplary case studies. Relying on the concept of "climate mainstreaming", we critically assess the banks' annual reports and compare their self-portrayal with publicly available sources on the bank's business practices, chiefly provided by non-governmental organizations and media. We find that Nedbank pushes a holistic narrative of climate change as an inevitable business opportunity. Standard Bank, in turn, relies on a "narrative of balance" between climate change and other profit-oriented investments to safeguard its stakes in the fossil industry. In so doing, this paper sheds light on greenwashing practices within disclosure specifically and the lack of binding corporate regulation more generally.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: The original objectives for introducing Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) were 1) to make energy performance transparent in the building market, as a measure of energy costs of using a building that a potential buyer or tenant would be interested in; and 2) to encourage energy efficiency renovation. However, the current implementation of EPC schemes in the Member States still shows significant challenges in achieving these two objectives. The recast of the EU Directive on the Overall Energy Performance of Buildings (EPBD) provides a chance to enhance both the usefulness and quality of EPCs and the EPC schemes overall. This document aims to inform both the debate on the recast of the EPBD and the enhancement of national EPC schemes in EU Member States. It presents the draft policy recommendations of the Horizon 2020 QualDeEPC project for making the EPBD and the national schemes more effective, particularly for deep renovation, and enhance their quality overall. The policy recommendations particularly target the link between EPCs and deep (energy) renovation1, while increasing the levels of ambition and convergence across the EU in terms of building renovation. Deep (energy) renovation is crucial for mitigating climate change and for energy security. The EPBD and all of its articles, as well as national EPC schemes, should aim to make deep (energy) renovation the default. This objective would be embedded and ensured in EPC schemes, if the policy recommendations provided in this document were adopted and implemented.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: Am frühen Sonntagmorgen des 20. November 2022 ging die 27. Konferenz der Vertragsparteien des Rahmenübereinkommens der Vereinten Nationen über Klimaänderungen (27th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), COP27) im ägyptischen Scharm El Sheikh zu Ende. Geplant war die Konferenz bis Freitag. Doch es gab viel zu diskutieren. Katastrophale Extremwetterereignisse wie die Überschwemmungen in Pakistan und historische Dürren in Europa unterstrichen auch dieses Jahr wieder die Bedeutung von ambitionierten klimapolitischen Entschlüssen. Auch der neueste Bericht des Weltklimarats (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC) hatte erneut hervorgehoben, dass diese Ereignisse weiter eskalieren werden, je mehr die globale Erwärmung zunimmt.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: At the next United Nations (UN) climate conference in the United Arab Emirates at the end of 2023, the first Global Stocktake (GST) of the Paris Agreement is due to conclude. The main goal of this process is to feed into a new round of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by Parties to the Agreement for 2035. In addition, the GST is aimed at identifying opportunities for strengthening international cooperation to achieve the Paris goals. The GST represents the first opportunity for Parties and other stakeholders to collectively highlight opportunities for international climate cooperation. Specifically, outcomes should plant the seeds for the development of concrete sectoral decarbonization roadmaps that could guide international cooperation in years to come.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: Rising energy costs have led to increased discussion about the social impact of the energy transition in Germany in recent years. In 2021, a gradually increasing CO2 tax was introduced. This paper analyzes the question of whether a CO2 tax can be socially just. Using data analysis and desk research, correlations between income and energy consumption in Germany are shown. In a short analysis, it is investigated which additional burdens different types of private households have to expect in the coming years due to the introduction of CO2 pricing on energy. In particular, the introduction of a per capita flat rate fed by CO2 tax revenues could be a suitable way to reduce the burden on low-income households.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: Analyzing previous international and national policy processes, the study offers recommendations for leveraging the Global Stocktake's (GST) outcomes for national climate action, especially for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It emphasizes the need for coordinated efforts to ensure the results of the GST influence national political discourse. It proposes communication strategies tailored to the different stages of the NDC policy process and diverse target audiences. The paper advocates for a nuanced and strategic approach to communication and emphasizes the importance of legitimacy and complexity in engaging stakeholders at different levels of decision-making.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: In recent years, the public discourse on the phase-out of carbon-intensive technologies and practices has come to a near consensus that a "just transition" is required. Yet, this term seems to have as many meanings as there are stakeholders using it. The purpose of this paper is to unpack the different meanings that regional stakeholders assign to it and the underlying dimensions of in(justice) that they invoke in their political communication. To this end, we employ a policy narrative analysis to study and compare the political discourse in four European coal and carbon-intensive mining regions: Ida-Virumaa (Estonia, oil shale), the Rhenish mining region (Germany, lignite), Upper Silesia (Poland, hard coal) and Western Macedonia (Greece, lignite). Specifically, we address the following research questions: Which narratives are characterising the political discourse around just transition? Which (in)justices are being invoked? Which patterns, similarities or differences are recognizable between regions? We found that hopeful narratives describing structural change as an opportunity to reinvent the region are prevalent in all regions. Strong narratives of resistance only prevail in Upper Silesia and Ida-Virumaa where a phase-out decision has not yet been adopted. In terms of injustices, we find surprisingly little evidence that injustices related to the immediate effects of the transformation (e.g. lay-offs and compensation for workers and companies) play an important role. Instead, the aspects related to the historical injustices produced by the legacy industrial system prevail. And perhaps most importantly, questions about access and allocation of the opportunities of the imminent transition are key and should be addressed more explicitly.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: The QualDeEPC project is aiming to both improve quality and cross-EU convergence of Energy Performance Certificate schemes, and the link between EPCs and deep renovation: High-quality Energy Performance Assessment and Certification in Europe Accelerating Deep Energy Renovation. The objective of the project is to improve the practical implementation of the assessment, issuance, design, and use of EPCs as well as their renovation recommendations, in the participating countries and beyond. This report serves as a compilation of the project's proposal for an enhanced and converging EPC assessment and certification scheme. It aims to provide a detailed description on the set of practical concepts, policy proposals, and tools for an enhanced EPC scheme towards deep renovation, developed by the QualDeEPC project. The project's substantial proposals both on EU and national level are presented in a comprehensive and rational way, guiding the relevant stakeholders, in particular the policy makers and competed bodies, on which steps need to be followed so as the proposals to be adapted and how the specific values can be determined in MSs. Furthermore, this report includes the project's proposal for defining "Deep Energy Renovation" based on a modified nZEB-based approach. The project's priorities A) to G) addressed are presented in the following order in this document, reflecting the importance of the enhanced EPC template form and the training of EPC assessors in such schemes: A) Improving the recommendations for renovation, which are provided on the EPCs, towards deep energy renovation; E) High user-friendliness of the EPC, by way of an enhanced EPC template form, including an introduction of the proposed "Energy Rating" indicator; D) Regular mandatory EPC assessor training or examination on assessment and renovation recommendations, required for certification/accreditation and registry; B) Online tool for comparing EPC recommendations to deep energy renovation recommendations; C) Creating Deep Renovation Network Platforms (DRNPs); F) & G) Voluntary/mandatory advertising guidelines for EPCs and Improving compliance with the mandatory use of EPCs in real estate advertisement.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: Aufgrund der Wechselwirkungen mit sozialen, ökonomischen und ökologischen Zielen ist die Kreislaufwirtschaft möglicherweise ein Handlungsbereich mit systemischer Schubkraft für die integrierte Nachhaltigkeitsentwicklung von NRW. Sie ist deswegen auch für die Umsetzung der NRW-Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie, die 2016 zum ersten Mal aufgelegt und 2020 aktualisiert wurde, von besonderem Interesse. Aus diesem Grund hat sich das Wuppertal Institut im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts "Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie NRW - Vertiefungsanalysen zur Umsetzung aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht" in einem Forschungsmodul mit der Umsetzung der Kreislaufwirtschaft im Kontext der Gesamtwirtschaft von NRW beschäftigt und hier insbesondere die Auswirkungen des europäischen, politischen Rahmens auf die Aktivitäten in NRW in den Blick genommen. Mit anderen Worten, das nachfolgende Arbeitspapier nimmt den European Green Deal und seine Bedeutung für NRW in den Blick und fragt: Welche Herausforderungen für NRW lassen sich aus dem Green Deal ablesen, wie und in welchen Sektoren kann/soll NRW eine Transformation zur Kreislaufwirtschaft einleiten und welche Bedingungen müssen dabei beachtet werden? Methodisch basiert diese Auswertung auf der Analyse relevanter Primärdokumente sowie der Sekundärliteratur zur Umsetzung der Kreislaufwirtschaft im politischen Mehrebenensystem. Dabei soll das Papier kein industriepolitisches Innovationsprogramm entwerfen, sondern eine Handreichung zur weiteren Diskussion von potenziellen Maßnahmen und Politikvorschlägen im Hinblick auf die zu entwickelnde Kreislaufwirtschaftsstrategie darstellen.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: Buildings constitute one of the main GHG emitting sectors, and energy efficiency is a key lever to reduce emissions in the sector. Global climate policy has so far mostly focused on economy-wide emissions. However, emission reduction actions are ultimately sectoral, and opportunities and barriers to achieving emission reductions vary strongly among sectors. This article therefore seeks to analyse to what extent more targeted global governance may help to leverage mitigation enablers and overcome barriers to energy efficiency in buildings. To this end, the article first synthesises existing literature on mitigation enablers and barriers as well as existing literature on how global governance may help address these barriers ("governance potential"). On this basis, the article analyses to what extent this governance potential has already been activated by existing activities of international institutions. Finally, the article discusses how identified governance gaps could be closed. The analysis finds that despite the local characteristics of the sector, global governance has a number of levers at its disposal that could be used to promote emission reductions via energy efficiency. In practice, however, lacking attention to energy efficiency in buildings at national level is mirrored at the international level. Recently, though, a number of coalitions demanding stronger action have emerged. Such frontrunners could work through like-minded coalitions and at the same time try to improve conditions for cooperation in the climate regime and other existing institutions.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: Ohne die Transformation unserer Wirtschaft in eine nachhaltige Kreislaufwirtschaft werden wir die planetaren Grenzen weiter überschreiten, die Klimaziele verfehlen und die Ökosysteme schädigen. Deutschlands Politik hat sich in einem Flickenteppich aus Strategien und Gesetzen verfangen, aus dem eine echte Kreislaufwirtschaft nicht in der notwendigen Geschwindigkeit hervorgehen kann. Der Versuch, einer verschwenderischen Wirtschaft allein mit den Mitteln des Abfallrechts beizukommen, kann nicht glücken. Nötig ist vielmehr eine ganzheitliche, übergeordnete deutsche Kreislaufwirtschaftsstrategie mit ambitionierten nationalen Zielen. Das vorliegende Papier will zeigen, was sich konkret verändern muss und welche Hebel es braucht, um die Kreislaufwirtschaft signifikant voranzubringen. Es ist Zeit zu handeln. Innovative Ideen, Konzepte und Forderungen liegen auf dem Tisch. Sie machen es möglich, Deutschland auf eine zirkuläre Zukunft auszurichten, Rohstoffe und Materialien konsequent im Kreislauf zu führen und der Wirtschaft Planungssicherheit zu geben. Kreislaufwirtschaft ist Zukunftswirtschaft. Sie muss Kernthema einer neuen Regierung werden.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: The 2015 Paris Agreement relies on Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to outline each country's policies and plans for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To strengthen global climate action and achieve the Agreement's temperature goal, it is crucial to enhance the ambition level of NDCs every 5 years. While previous studies have explored the ambition of initial NDCs, limited research has delved into the factors driving the enhancement or lack thereof in NDCs' emission reduction plans. This study employs a mixed-method design to investigate the determinants of NDC enhancement. First, we analyse the updated or revised NDCs of 111 countries using quantitative methods. Second, we conduct qualitative case studies focusing on Brazil and South Africa. Our findings reveal that countries that engaged in stakeholder consultations with civil society, business, and labour groups prior to developing their updated or revised NDCs were more likely to enhance their greenhouse gas reduction targets. These results are further supported by the case studies. South Africa conducted comprehensive consultations and submitted an enhanced GHG target, while Brazil, which did not arrange open consultations, did not improve its target. This study underscores the significance of comprehensive and transparent stakeholder engagement processes, highlighting their potential to drive enhanced NDCs. By involving diverse stakeholders, including civil society, business, and labour groups, countries can foster greater ambition and effectiveness in their climate action, ultimately contributing to the global effort to combat climate change.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Description: Four broad categories capture countries' political and economic barriers to quit coal. Use these to tailor solutions.
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Description: Als die 15-jährige Greta Thunberg an einem Freitag im August 2018 vor dem schwedischen Parlamentsgebäude in Stockholm ihren einsamen Klimastreik begann, ahnte niemand, dass sie in den Folgejahren unter anderem auf zwei Weltklimakonferenzen und vor der UN-Vollversammlung als Repräsentantin der größten Jugendbewegung der Welt - Fridays for Future - vielbeachtete Reden halten würde. Das, was Greta Thunberg auf der Weltbühne der Politik gelungen ist, sollte auch klimaschutzengagierten Schülerinnen in der Kommunalpolitik ermöglicht werden. Sie sollten von Entscheidungsträgerinnen und Entscheidungsträgern gehört und ernst genommen werden. Um ihren Forderungen für klimafreundliche Schulen auch gegenüber Kommunalpolitikerinnen und Kommunalpolitikern mehr Nachdruck verleihen zu können, müssen sie aber auch gestärkt und qualifiziert werden. So die Kernanliegen des Projekts Schools4Future, welches vom Wuppertal Institut sowie dem Büro Ö-quadrat aus Freiburg durchgeführt und vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz gefördert wird.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Description: In his essay, the author presents a stock-taking of the debate on Green Deals. The starting point of this personal assessment is a brief outline of the content and impact of a study in which the author and colleagues published a first outline of a "Green New Deal for Europe" as a political response to the 2008 financial crisis. 2008 had been a critical juncture for mainstream economics: however, from the perspective of policy-learning, the period after has been a lost decade. The European Green Deal as presented by the European Commission in 2019 can be perceived as a historic milestone and confirmation of a regime change in mainstream economic policy in which ecological considerations gain in importance. Yet, the Deal suffers from major deficits. In sum, the European Green Deal could be interpreted as an insufficient attempt to take advantage of the rapidly closing windows of opportunity for a peaceful transition towards sustainability. On the eve of a planetary crisis, the governance of economic transitions towards sustainability needs to be improved and accelerated. Reflecting on the 2009 study A Green New Deal for Europe, this essay attempts to draw a few lessons and frugal heuristics for the policy-design of Green Deals.
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Description: Research on environmental behaviour is often overlooked in literature on regime destabilization in energy transitions. This study addresses that gap by focusing on socio-political and demographic factors shaping support for carbon regime destabilization policies in one of the most carbon-intensive regions of Europe. Carbon-intensive industries, especially coal mining and coal-based power generation, are often concentrated in a few carbon-intensive regions. Therefore, decarbonization actions will affect those regions particularly strongly. Correspondingly, carbon-intensive regions often exert significant political influence on the two climate mitigation policies at the national level. Focusing on Poland, we investigate socio-political and demographic factors that correlate with the approval or rejection of the two climate mitigation policies: increasing taxes on fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal and using public money to subsidize renewable energy such as wind and solar power in Poland and its carbon-intensive Silesia region. Using logistic regression with individual-level data derived from the 2016 European Social Survey (ESS) and the 2014 Chapel Hill Expert Survey (CHES), we find party-political ideology to be an important predictor at the national level but much less so at the regional level. Specifically, voting for right-wing party is not a divisive factor for individual support of the two climate mitigation policies either nationally or regionally. More interestingly, populism is a strong factor in support of increasing taxes on fossil fuel in the carbon-intensive Silesia region but is less important concerning in support of using public money to subsidize renewable energy in Poland overall. These results show the heterogeneity of right-wing party and populism within the support for the two climate mitigation policies. Socio-demographic factors, especially age, gender, education level, employment status, and employment sector, have even more complex and heterogeneous components in support of the two climate mitigation policies at the national and regional levels. Identifying the complex socio-political and demographic factors of climate mitigation policies across different national versus carbon-intensive regional contexts is an essential step for generating in situ decarbonization strategies.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2023-05-22
    Description: Für die Umsetzung der Klimaschutzziele auf Moorflächen fehlt in der Bevölkerung die Akzeptanz, Moor zu vernässen. Das bedingt einen zu hohen Aufwand für wasserrechtliche Genehmigungen. Wenn alle Wiedervernässungen über wasserrechtliche Genehmigungen umgesetzt werden müssten, wären die Ziele für Brandenburg und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern bei weitem nicht zu erreichen. Vorgeschlagen wird der Verzicht auf aufwendige Genehmigungsverfahren, was zu einer deutlichen Beschleunigung führt. Die Akzeptanz kann durch Zwischenstauziele deutlich verbessert werden. Innerhalb von 9 Jahren könnten für Brandenburg und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern der Großteil aller Kleinstauanlagen in einen funktionstüchtigen Zustand versetzt und eine Tiefabsenkung des Wasserspiegels vermieden werden. Die geschätzten Kosten liegen für Brandenburg bei 66 Mio. h und für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern bei 38 Mio. h, was z. B. aus Bundesmitteln des Aktionsprogramms „natürlicher Klimaschutz“ (siehe auch: Kabinettsbeschluss zur nationalen Strategie zum Schutz von Mooren) zu finanzieren wäre.
    Description: The implementation of the climate protection goals on peatlands faces a number of obstacles. Above all, the acceptance of wet peatlands by the population and the high cost of water rights permits are bottlenecks in the transformation process. If all rewetting measures had to be implemented via water law permits, the goals for Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern would be far from being achieved. However, there are ways of simplifying and dispensing with approval procedures that can lead to a significant acceleration. Acceptance can be significantly improved with a step-by-step approach through the definition of intermediate storage targets. With the proposed procedure, the majority of all small weirs in Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern could be brought into a functional state within 9 years and a deep lowering of the water level could be avoided. The estimated costs are h66 million for Brandenburg and h38 million for Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, what can be financed e.g. from the federal funds of the action program “natural climate protection”.
    Description: SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; ddc:363.7 ; Kleinstauanlagen ; Genehmigungsverfahren ; natürlicher Klimaschutz ; Transformation ; Brandenburg ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; small weirs ; approval procedures ; natural climate protection ; Moor ; peatland
    Language: German
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2023-05-22
    Description: Die Bund-Länder-Zielvereinbarung Moorbodenschutz von 2021 gibt bis 2030 deutschlandweit 5 Mio. t CO2-eq./Jahr Emissionseinsparung aus Mooren vor, was für brandenburgische Moore einer Einsparung von 710.000 t CO2-eq./Jahr entspricht. Für die Umsetzung in Brandenburg wurde ein notwendiger Transformationspfad ermittelt, nachdem aber bis 2030 bereits mehr als 1,1 Mio. t CO2-eq./Jahr eingespart werden sollten. Für das Land Brandenburg setzt ein Klimaplan die Transformationsziele. Danach hat die Landwirtschaft allein durch die Umsetzung der Moorschutzmaßnahmen auf großer Fläche die Chance auf Klimaneutralität bis 2045. Als Zuarbeit für den brandenburgischen Klimaplan wurden GIS-technische Umsetzungsvarianten und die zur Emissionsminderung wirksamsten Maßnahmen ermittelt. Danach besteht von den 6,3 Mio. t CO2-eq./Jahr Gesamtemissionen aus Mooren Brandenburgs unter optimalen Bedingungen ein Einsparungspotenzial von 5,1 Mio. t CO2-eq./Jahr (Thünen-Institut: 5,4 Mio. t CO2-eq./Jahr). Unter Berücksichtigung des Klimawandels werden 4,0 Mio. t CO2-eq./Jahr (Thünen-Institut: 4,3 Mio. t CO2-eq./Jahr) als mindestens machbare Einsparungsmenge eingeschätzt. Darüber hinaus nimmt die Abhängigkeit des Umsetzungserfolges vom Wasserdargebot stetig zu. Die höchste Wirksamkeit hat die großflächige Nachrüstung und Erneuerung von Stauanlagen zur Vermeidung von Tiefentwässerung in Kombination mit einer verbesserten landwirtschaftlichen Förderung. Entscheidend hierbei ist die Minimierung des Genehmigungsaufwandes. Vor allem mit attraktiven landwirtschaftlichen Förderprogrammen lässt sich die erforderliche große Flächenwirkung erzielen, wo genehmigungsbasierte Vorhaben an ihre Grenzen stoßen. Die größte Sogwirkung im anstehenden Transformationsprozess entfalten marktwirtschaftlich integrierte Wertschöpfungsketten. Die Schwerpunkte des Finanzmittelbedarfs werden in folgenden Bereichen gesehen: Wirtschaftsförderung, Verwertung und Technikentwicklung, Ausgleich- und Entschädigung, Wasserbaumaßnahmen und Schutz- und Anpassungsmaßnahmen.
    Description: The federal and state target agreement on peatland soil protection of 2021 specifies 5 million t CO2-eq./year emission savings from peatlands across Germany by 2030, which, broken down to Brandenburg, corresponds to a saving of 710,000 t CO2-eq./year. For the implementation in Brandenburg, a necessary transformation path was determined, after which, however, more than 1.1 million t CO2-eq./year should already be saved by 2030. A climate plan sets the transformation targets for the state of Brandenburg. According to this plan, agriculture has the chance to achieve climate neutrality by 2045 simply by implementing peatland protection measures over a large area. As input for the Brandenburg climate plan, implementation variants and the most effective measures for reducing emissions were determined using GIS technology. According to this, of the 6.3 million t CO2 eq./year total emissions from peatlands in Brandenburg, under optimal conditions there is a savings potential of 5.1 million t CO2 eq./year (Thünen-Institut: 5.4 million t CO2 eq./year). Taking climate change into account, 4.0 million t CO2 eq./year (Thünen-Institut: 4.3 million t CO2 eq./year) are estimated as at least feasible savings. Furthermore, the dependency of the implementation success on the water supply is constantly increasing. The highest effectiveness is achieved by large-scale retrofitting of dams to prevent deep drainage in combination with improved agricultural support. The decisive factor here is the minimisation of the approval effort. Attractive agricultural subsidy programmes in particular can achieve the necessary large-scale effect where permit-based individual projects reach their limits. The greatest pull in the upcoming transformation process comes from integrated value chains in a market economy. The focal points of the need for financial resources are seen in the following areas: Economic promotion, utilisation and technology development, compensation, water construction measures and protection and adaptation measures.
    Description: SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; Moorschutz ; Klimaplan ; Umsetzung ; Transformation ; Varianten ; mire protection ; climate plan ; implementation ; variants ; Moor ; Torf ; peatland ; peat
    Language: German
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2023-05-15
    Description: Managing energy use by municipalities should be an important part of local energy and climate policy. The ISO 50001 standard constitutes an internationally recognized catalogue of requirements for systematic energy management. Currently, this standard is mostly implemented by companies. Our study presents an approach where consultants supported 28 European municipalities in establishing energy management systems. A majority (71%) of these municipalities had achieved ISO 50001 certification by the end of our study. We also conducted two surveys to learn more about motivations and challenges when it comes to establishing municipal energy management systems. We found that organizational challenges and resource constraints were the most important topics in this regard. Based on the experiences in our study we present lessons learned regarding supporting municipalities in establishing energy management systems.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2023-05-15
    Description: Green hydrogen will play a key role in building a climate-neutral energy-intensive industry, as key technologies for defossilising the production of steel and basic chemicals depend on it. Thus, policy-making needs to support the creation of a market for green hydrogen and its use in industry. However, it is unclear how appropriate policies should be designed, and a number of challenges need to be addressed. Based on an analysis of the ongoing German debate on hydrogen policies, this paper analyses how policy-making for green hydrogen development may support industry defossilisation. For the assessment of policy instruments, a simplified multi-criteria analysis (MCA) is used with an innovative approach that derives criteria from specific challenges. Four challenges and seven relevant policy instruments are identified. The results of the MCA reveal the potential of each of the selected instruments to address the challenges. The paper furthermore outlines how instruments might be combined in a policy package that supports industry defossilisation, creates synergies and avoids trade-offs. The paper's impact may reach beyond the German case, as the challenges are not specific to the country. The results are relevant for policy-makers in other countries with energy-intensive industries aiming to set the course towards a hydrogen future.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2023-05-15
    Description: The Digital Product Passport (DPP) is a concept of a policy instrument particularly pushed by policy circles to contribute to a circular economy. The preliminary design of the DPP is supposed to have product-related information compiled mainly by manufactures and, thus, to provide the basis for more circular products. Given the lack of scientific debate on the DPP, this study seeks to work out design options of the DPP and how these options might benefit stakeholders in a product's value chain. In so doing, we introduce the concept of the DPP and, then, describe the existing regime of regulated and voluntary product information tools focusing on the role of stakeholders. These initial results are reflected in an actor-centered analysis on potential advantages gained through the DPP. Data is generated through desk research and a stakeholder workshop. In particular, by having explored the role the DPP for different actors, we find substantial demand for further research on a variety of issues, for instance, on how to reduce red tape and increase incentives for manufacturers to deliver certain information and on how or through what data collection tool (e.g., database) relevant data can be compiled and how such data is provided to which stakeholder group. We call upon other researchers to close the research gaps explored in this paper also to provide better policy direction on the DPP.
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2023-01-27
    Description: Globale Krisen wie der Klimawandel und die Corona-Pandemie machen die Politische Ökologie zu einem unverzichtbaren Forschungsfeld der Zukunft. Die Beiträger*innen des ersten deutschsprachigen Handbuchs zum Thema stellen die hierfür relevanten Theorien vor und zeigen anhand konkreter Konflikte und Kämpfe die Aktualität und den Mehrwert einer politisch-ökologischen Herangehensweise auf. Sie erläutern die zentralen Begriffe, die für Analyse, Kritik und Transformation von gesellschaftlichen Naturverhältnissen wichtig sind, und stellen für die Politische Ökologie fruchtbare Methoden und Arbeitsweisen vor. Ein übersichtliches Nachschlagewerk für unübersichtliche Verhältnisse.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2023-02-06
    Description: The Glasgow climate conference marked a symbolic juncture, lying half-way between the adoption of the UNFCCC in 1992 and the year 2050 in which according to the IPCC special report on the 1.5°C limit net zero CO2 emissions need to be reached, globally, in order to maintain a good chance of achieving the 1.5°C limit. This article undertakes an assessment of what the UNFCCC and in particular the Paris Agreement and its implementation process have actually achieved so far up to and including the results of the Glasgow conference. The article discusses efforts at ambition raising both within and outside the formal diplomatic process, the finalization of the implementation rules of the Paris Agreement, as well as progress on gender responsiveness, climate finance, adaptation and loss and damage. In summary, the Paris Agreement and its implementation can be considered a success as it is having a discernible impact on the behavior of parties as well as on non-party actors. However, significant further efforts will be required to actually achieve the objectives of the Agreement.
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2023-08-02
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2023-03-13
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2023-04-03
    Description: Berlin will bis 2045 klimaneutral werden und bis 2030 70 Prozent seiner CO2-Emissionen gegenüber 1990 reduzieren. Das größte Potenzial zur CO2-Vermeidung liegt im Gebäudesektor, in dem durch moderne Technologien der Einsatz fossiler Energien zu verringern ist. Im Verkehrssektor sind die CO2-Emissionen in den vergangenen Jahren sogar gestiegen: Rund 30 Prozent - das sind 5,6 Millionen Tonnen – der CO2-Emissionen in Berlin werden durch den Verkehr verursacht. Das Berliner Energie- und Klimaschutzprogramm (BEK 2030) ist das zentrale Instrument auf dem Weg zu einer klimaneutralen Hauptstadt. Das Wuppertal Institut hat gemeinsam mit der Berliner Energieagentur GmbH und DIW Econ Empfehlungen für die Weiterentwicklung des Programms für den Umsetzungszeitraum 2022 bis 2026 entwickelt. Der Bericht basiert auf neun Monaten intensiven Beratungsgesprächen, an denen Bürger*innen sowie mehr als 500 Vertreter*innen aus Verwaltungen, dem Handwerk, der Ver- und Entsorgungsbranche, von Wohnungsunternehmen sowie von weiteren interessierten Institutionen teilgenommen haben. Es umfasst mehr als 70 Maßnahmenvorschläge in den Handlungsfeldern Energie, Gebäude, Verkehr, Wirtschaft sowie Privater Konsum und Haushalte, die mit den globalen Zielen des Berliner Klimaschutz- und Energiewendegesetzes konsistent sind. Die Senatsverwaltung für Umwelt, Mobilität, Verbraucher- und Klimaschutz wird nun aufbauend auf den wissenschaftlichen Empfehlungen eine Beschlussvorlage für den Senat erarbeiten. Das Wuppertal Institut war federführend für die Bestimmung von sektoralen Zielpfaden sowie für die Maßnahmenentwicklung und -bewertung im Verkehrssektor verantwortlich. Zu den dort vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen zählen unter anderem der Ausbau der Rad- und Fußverkehrsinfrastruktur sowie des ÖPNV, die Unterstützung der Antriebswende bei privaten und öffentlichen Fahrzeugflotten, die Ausweitung der Parkraumbewirtschaftung, aber auch die Neuaufteilung des knappen öffentlichen Raums zugunsten des Umweltverbunds und anderer Nutzungsformen.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2023-06-14
    Description: Im März 2022 hat das Field Symposium und die Generalversammlung der International Mire Conservation Group (IMCG) in Südafrika und dem Königreich Eswatini stattgefunden. Das erlebnis-, austausch- und lehrreiche Programm zeigte die Komplexität und Schönheit, aber auch die vielfältigen Bedrohungen und notwendige Schutzwürdigkeit der Moore in Südafrika und Eswatini. Ein besonderes Erlebnis waren die hot spring mires im und um den Kruger Nationalpark.
    Description: In March 2022, the Field Symposium and General Assembly of the International Mire Conservation Group (IMCG) took place in South Africa and the Kingdom of Eswatini. The programme, rich in experience, exchange and education, showed the complexity and beauty, but also the many threats and need for protection of the peatlands in South Africa and Eswatini. A special experience were the hot spring mires in and around the Kruger National Park.
    Description: SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: conference
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; Moor ; Torf ; Tagungsbericht ; peatland ; mire ; conference report
    Language: German
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2023-06-12
    Description: Fünf Teilnehmerinnen erzählen in vier kurzen Beiträgen, was für sie die wichtigsten und einprägsamsten Erkenntnisse, Erlebnisse und/oder Take-Home-Messages der DGMT-Jahrestagung waren. Sie beantworten die Frage: Was nehme ich mit von der DGMT-Jahrestagung 2022?
    Description: Five participants describe in four short articles what they consider to be the most important and memorable insights, experiences and/or take-home messages from the DGMT Annual Meeting. They answer the question: What will I take home from the DGMT Annual Meeting 2022?
    Description: SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: conference
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; Moor ; Torf ; Tagungsbericht ; peatland ; peat ; conference report
    Language: German
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: "Sustainable Development" can be understood as a widely used discourse that has become even more prominent since the publication of the UN Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development in 2015. In this paper we analyze the way sustainable development discourse unfolds within the context of development aid in Germany by undertaking a discourse analysis of reports on development policy published 1973-2017 by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. Our analysis reveals that the sustainable development discourse is characterized by distinct components and storylines that change over time. We detect, in general, a shift away from a focus on environmental protection toward an emphasis on the role of the private sector in leading sustainable development. We argue, therefore, that although development is now only legitimate if it is "sustainable", the discourse apparently facilitates the uneven allocation of development aid. The concern that arises here is that although Agenda 2030 pledges to take "bold and transformative steps" to secure the planet and to leave "no one behind" the least developed states who cannot provide "private sector opportunities" or fulfil "national self-responsibilities" for sustainable development are indeed being "left behind".
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: Abfallvermeidung steht an der Spitze der Abfallhierarchie und sollte daher mit höchster Priorität behandelt werden - auch in den Kreislaufwirtschaftspolitiken auf kommunaler Ebene. Ein Leitfaden mit 19 praxisorientierten Handlungsempfehlungen soll Kommunen nun unterstützen, Abfallvermeidung systematisch und erfolgreich umzusetzen. Der Handlungsleitfaden ist ein Ergebnis des Projekts Circular Cities NRW: Das Wuppertal Institut hat gemeinsam mit der FernUniversität Hagen die 22 kreisfreien Städte in Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW) sowie sechs internationale Referenzfälle in Bezug auf ihre Abfallvermeidungsmaßnahmen analysiert. Das Ergebnis: Die NRW-Städte gehen Abfallvermeidung zwar zunehmend an, allerdings bestehen große Unterschiede bei der Breite der Maßnahmen und den thematischen Schwerpunkten. Darüber hinaus haben die Forschenden viele nicht ausgeschöpfte Handlungspotenziale identifiziert. Der Leitfaden enthält Maßnahmen, mit denen Kommunen Abfallvermeidung systematisch, verwaltungsweit, sektorenübergreifend und verknüpft mit anderen Klimaschutz- und Nachhaltigkeitsaktivitäten angehen können. Besonders interessant für die Kommunen: Einige der Handlungsempfehlungen sind einfach umzusetzen, kostengünstig und ermöglichen schnelle Abfallvermeidungserfolge.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert die Bedeutung der Abfallvermeidung auf kommunaler Ebene. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auf der Rolle von Städten bei der Abfallvermeidung und der Notwendigkeit strategischer Konzepte sowie praktischer Umsetzungsstrategien. Es wird herausgearbeitet, dass das Initiieren von Abfallvermeidungsmaßnahmen auf kommunaler Ebene auf verschiedene Herausforderungen stoßen kann, wie beispielsweise die Abstimmung bestehender Konsum- und Entsorgungsmuster sowie das Fehlen geeigneter Anreize für Akteure. Es wird gezeigt, inwiefern der Ansatz der Zero Waste City ein Instrument zur Förderung der kommunalen Abfallvermeidung darstellen kann und welche Ziele und Maßnahmen die Zero Waste Cities Kiel und München in ihre Zero-Waste-Konzepte aufgenommen haben. Darüber hinaus werden Handlungsempfehlungen zur Stärkung der Abfallvermeidung in der Kommune, in der Verwaltung und in Bezug auf spezifische Abfallfraktionen präsentiert.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2024-01-25
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2024-01-25
    Description: Die Analyse erläutert die Funktionsweise des globalen Kohlenstoffmarkts und wie dieser von Unternehmen zur CO2-Kompensation bei der Erfüllung ihrer freiwilligen Klimaschutzziele genutzt wird. Vor dem Hintergrund der veränderten Rahmenbedingungen des Übereinkommens von Paris stellen die Autoren dar, mit welchen Herausforderungen der Kohlenstoffmarkt konfrontiert ist und wie diese durch Nutzung einer Alternative zur CO2-Kompensation überwunden werden können.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2024-03-20
    Description: Innovative Finanzierungskonzepte wie Solar und Spar-Bürgercontracting belegen, dass ein riesiges Einsparpotenzial an Schulen wirtschaftlich erschlossen werden könnte. Doch bislang passiert zu wenig, um dieses auch zu nutzen. ­Das Projekt Schools4Future zeigt, wie Schulen eigenständig eine CO2-Bilanz erstellen können, um nicht nur eigene Klimaschutzmaßnahmen umzusetzen, sondern auch, um der Politik zu zeigen, wo dringender Handlungsbedarf besteht.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2024-03-20
    Description: This paper presents a novel governance concept for sustainable development, introducing the "Safe System Approach" as a transformative model that shifts focus from individual behavioural change to systemic transformation. This approach challenges traditional governance models that emphasize individual responsibility in achieving sustainable development and decarbonization. Instead, it advocates for creating an enabling environment that inherently guides individuals and communities towards sustainable actions. The Safe System Approach is centred on delivering low-carbon services across essential sectors, including electricity, mobility, industry, buildings, human settlements, and agriculture, thereby embedding sustainability as a default choice in societal systems. Drawing parallels with successful models in road safety, the paper explores the potential of this approach in urban development and climate action. It emphasizes the need for a broad coalition and integrated approaches in managing shared resources, highlighting the significance of systemic adjustments over individual behavioral change. By proposing a structure where sustainability is facilitated by the system's design, the paper builds on key concepts from seminal works by scholars like Garrett Hardin, Mancur Olson, Elinor Ostrom, and Ahrend Lijphart. It discusses the challenges and opportunities in creating safe operating spaces for sustainable development, emphasizing the need for multi-actor, multilevel governance systems that can manage shared resources sustainably and are resilient to political volatility. The paper aims to offer a robust, efficient, and inclusive pathway to sustainable development, contributing to the global discourse on environmental and social resilience.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2024-03-20
    Description: Durch den Einsatz von schwerer Agrartechnik, die Verlagerung vermulmter Bodenpartikel und den Wechsel von Auftauen und Gefrieren können sich in landwirtschaftlich genutzten Niedermooren Verdichtungsschichten bilden. Die Folgen sind eingeschränkte Wasserleitfähigkeiten und saisonal auftretende Überstauereignisse, die sich negativ auf die Ertragsleistung der Standorte auswirken. Das von verdichteten Mineralböden bekannte Konzept des bio-tillage bzw. biological drilling verspricht einen neuen Lösungsansatz zur Verbesserung der Bodenstruktur, bei dem Pflanzenwurzeln zur Lockerung und Regeneration der Bodenstruktur eingesetzt werden. Jedoch ist nicht jede Pflanzenart gleichermaßen geeignet, da das Penetrationsvermögen artspezifisch ausgebildet ist. Um die identifizierte Forschungslücke zu Arten des Niedermoorgrünlands aufzugreifen, wurden auf drei Niedermoorflächen im Land Brandenburg, von denen das Auftreten von Stauwasser bekannt ist, Vegetations-, Boden- und Wurzelaufnahmen durchgeführt. Von den elf betrachteten Arten erscheinen acht potenziell für eine Gefügesanierung geeignet, die gut in die bestehenden Konzepte der Nutzung von Paludikulturen zu integrieren sind.
    Description: Employing heavy agricultural machinery, the relocation of moorshyfied soil particles, and the alternation between thawing and freezing, can lead to the formation of barrier layers in agricultural used fens. The consequences are limited water conductivity and seasonal waterlogging events, which have a negative impact on the yield of the sites. The concept of bio-tillage or biological drilling, previously known in compacted mineral soils, promises a new approach to improving the soil structure by using plant roots to loosen and regenerate the soil structure. However, not every plant species is equally suitable, as its penetration ability is species-specific. To reduce the identified research gap for fen grassland species, vegetation, soil and root studies were made at three fen sites in Brandenburg where the occurrence of waterlogging is known. Of the eleven species examined, eight appear potentially suitable for structural regeneration and can be well integrated into existing concepts for the use of paludicultures.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; ddc:630.914 ; ddc:631.4 ; Moor ; Torf ; Niedermoorboden ; Grünland ; oberflächennahe Verdichtung ; Vegetation ; Durchwurzelung ; peat ; peatland ; soil ; fen soil ; grassland ; near-surface compaction ; root penetration
    Language: German
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2024-03-20
    Description: Die Wasserwirtschaft hat in der Vergangenheit maßgeblich dazu beigetragen, dass Moore entwässert wurden und damit auf Entwässerung basierende Nutzungen ermöglicht. Mit der Nationalen Wasserstrategie bekommt die Wasserwirtschaft angesichts des Klimawandels sowie der mit Entwässerung verbundenen Umweltprobleme und Höhenverluste eine neue Rolle im Moorschutz. Künftig wird sie flächenhafte Entwässerungssysteme auf ihre Zweckmäßigkeit hin überprüfen und diese in Moorgebieten so ausgestalten müssen, dass Wiedervernässungen weitestgehend ermöglicht werden. Hierfür ist zunächst der in den übergeordneten Gremien der Wasserwirtschaft bereits vollzogene Paradigmenwechsel hin zu einem naturnahen Landschaftswasserhaushalt auf allen Ebenen zu etablieren. Die Wasserwirtschaft verfügt über die Organisationsformen und Kompetenzen, um die Wiedervernässung von Mooren zusammen mit Partnern aus der Land- und Forstwirtschaft, dem Naturschutz und der Flurbereinigung fachlich fundiert voran zu bringen.
    Description: In the past, water management was significantly responsible for draining peatlands, thus enabling drainage-based land uses. With the National Water Strategy, water management is taking on a new role in peatland management in view of climate change, environmental pressures and subsidence associated with drainage. In the future, water management authorities will review the necessity of water infrastructure for land drainage and design them in peatlands in such a way that rewetting will be possible as far as possible. The paradigm shift towards a near-natural landscape water balance, which has already taken place in the higher-level bodies of water management authorities, must first be established at all levels. The water management authorities have the organisational forms and competencies to promote the rewetting of peatlands together with partners from agriculture, forestry, nature conservation and rural planning in an efficient sound manner.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:551.48 ; ddc:553.21 ; ddc:333.72 ; Geschichte ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Hydrologie ; Wiedervernässung ; Moor ; Torf ; peatland ; peat ; history ; water management ; rewetting
    Language: German
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2024-03-20
    Description: Das Niedermoor Großes Bruch erstreckt sich an der Grenze von Niedersachsen zu Sachsen-Anhalt über 80 km2. Die Mächtigkeiten der Torfauflage schwanken heutzutage, im Jahr 2021, zwischen 40 und 100 cm über Löss und Schwemmlöss. Erste die Vorflut verändernde Entwässerungsgräben wurden im 16. Jahrhundert gezogen. In den Jahren 1953 bis 1967 erfolgte auf niedersächsischer Seite eine planmäßige Trockenlegung von zirka 1.400 ha des Niedermoores. Von 122 Bohrprofilen aus 1952 sind 52 Bohrpunkte 2021 erneut aufgesucht worden. 1952 lagen die Moormächtigkeiten im Mittel bei 107 cm, mit einem Maximum von 300 cm. Der oxidative Moorschwund bei ackerbaulicher Nutzung in 70 Jahren betrug im Mittel 41 cm, mit einem Maximum von 100 cm. Durchschnittlich betrug der Verlust an organischem Kohlenstoff 10 t pro Hektar und Jahr. Ein Tiefumbruch-Versuch im Jahr 1986 auf einer Teilfläche des Niedermoores führte zu einer Kohlenstoff-Anreicherung in der neuen Ackerkrume. Eine Wiedervernässung ist aufgrund von konkurrierenden Grundwassernutzungsansprüchen und trockenen Witterungen schwierig bis unmöglich.
    Description: The fen ‘Großes Bruch’ stretches over an area of 80 km2 along the border between Lower Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt. In 2021, the peat thickness varied between 40 and 100 cm over loess and alluvial loess. The first drainage ditches that changed the receiving waters were dug in the 16th century. In the years 1953 to 1967, around 1,400 hectares of the fen were drained as part of a state-run program in Lower Saxony. Of 122 soil profiles from 1952, 52 were revisited in 2021. In 1952, the average peat depth was 107 cm, with a maximum of 300 cm. The average oxidative peat shrinkage during arable use was 41 cm in 70 years, with a maximum of 100 cm. On average, the loss of organic carbon was 10 t per hectare and year. A deep ploughing trial in 1986 on part of the fen led to carbon accumulation in the new topsoil. Rewetting is difficult if not impossible due to competing rights for groundwater use and dry weather.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; ddc:630.914 ; ddc:631.4 ; Moor ; Torf ; Kohlenstofffestlegung ; siebzig Jahre Ackerbau ; Tiefumbruch ; Torfschwund ; peatland ; peat ; carbon sequestration ; deep ploughing ; peat loss ; seventy years of arable farming
    Language: German
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2024-03-20
    Description: In Brandenburg werden aktuell mehr als 200.000 ha organische Böden entwässert und wirtschaftlich so genutzt, dass sie pro Jahr 6,2 Mio. Tonnen CO2, ausgedrückt in Äquivalenten, emittieren. Daher sind im Rahmen des vom Land finanzierten Projektes „Klimamoor Brandenburg“ in 20 zum Teil großflächigen Mooren Wasserrückhaltungen vorgesehen, um deren Wasserhaushalt zu optimieren und den Ausstoß von Treibhausgasen zu reduzieren. Begleitend sollen in Kooperation mit den landwirtschaftlichen Nutzern nachhaltige Bewirtschaftungsstrategien und Verwertungsmöglichkeiten etabliert werden. In einer der Projektflächen, dem Roten Luch, wurde in einem Bereich größter Moortiefe ein zwei Meter langer Kern makrofossil- und pollenanalytisch untersucht. Mit Hilfe von Radiokarbon-Datierungen und Pollendaten kann die Entwicklung des Moores seit dem Spätglazial nachvollzogen werden. Die Makrofossildaten deuten auf ein sich mehrfach änderndes Wasserregime und die Entwicklung von einem Verlandungsmoor über ein Moor mit Überflutungseinfluss zu einem Durchströmungsmoor. Die Datierungen lassen darauf schließen, dass das Moor zwar bereits zu Beginn des Holozäns Torf akkumulierte, aber die Herausbildung des Durchströmungsmoores profitierte von der landwirtschaftlich bedingten Öffnung der Landschaft und der damit verstärkten Grundwasserneubildung seit dem Neolithikum.
    Description: In Brandenburg, more than 200,000 hectares of organic soils are currently drained and emit ca. 6.2 million tons of CO2 equivalents per year. Therefore, within the project “Klimamoor Brandenburg” financed by the federal state, water retention measures are planned in 20 peatlands in order to optimize their water balance and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, sustainable management strategies and utilization options are to be established in cooperation with agricultural users. In one of the project areas, the mire Rotes Luch, an approximately two-metre-long core from an area of greatest mire depth was analysed for macrofossils and pollen. By means of radiocarbon dating and pollen data, the development of the mire since the Late Glacial can be observed. The macrofossil data indicate a repeatedly changing water regime and the development from a terrestrialisation mire via a mire with flooding influence to a percolation mire. The dating indicates that the mire already accumulated peat at the beginning of the Holocene, but the development of the percolation mire benefited from the opening of the landscape by agriculture and the resulting increased groundwater recharge since the Neolithic period.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; ddc:551.48 ; ddc:561 ; Moor ; Torf ; Torfsondierung ; Makrofossilanalyse ; Pollenanalyse ; Moorentwicklung ; peatland ; peat ; Bog drilling ; macrofossil analysis ; pollen analysis ; bog development
    Language: German
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2024-03-20
    Description: In den Berliner Mooren Teufelsseemoor, Krumme Laake, Kleine Pelzlaake und Langes Luch war bereits in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts nahezu zeitgleich eine starke entwässerungsbedingte Einwanderung von Gehölzen in die zuvor gehölzfreie Zwischenmoorvegetation beobachtet worden. Die Moore liegen innerhalb des Berliner Urstromtals in räumlicher Nähe zu den Oberflächengewässern des Spree-Dahme-Systems. Die Stratigraphie der Moore lässt darauf schließen, dass seit Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts infolge ausbleibender Grundwasserspeisung der Moore zunächst die Ausbildung oligotroph-sauer Zwischenmoorvegetation aber auch die anschließend einsetzende Bewaldung der Moore stark befördert wurde. Die Veränderungen der Oberflächenwasserstände im Spree-Dahme-System durch die Regulierung der Berliner Stadtspree können als wesentlicher Auslöser für die erheblichen Veränderungen des Wasserhaushaltes dieser Moore zum Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts angesehen werden.
    Description: Due to drainage, a succession from open transition mires towards forested ecosystems was observed in the Berlin mires Teufelsseemoor, Krumme Laake, Kleine Pelzlaake and Langes Luch almost simultaneously in the first half of the 20th century. The mires are located within the Berlin glacial valley in spatial proximity to the surface waters of the Spree-Dahme river system. The stratigraphy of the mires suggests that since the end of the 19th century the formation of oligotrophic-acidic bog vegetation as well as the subsequent forestation of the mires was strongly promoted due to a decrease in groundwater supply. Changes of the surface water level in the Spree-Dahme river system due to the regulation of the river Spree in Berlin can be identified as the main trigger for the considerable change of the water balance of these mires at the end of the 19th century.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; ddc:551.48 ; ddc:363.61 ; Moor ; Torf ; Hydrologie ; Teufelsseemoor ; Krumme Laake ; Kleine Pelzlaake ; Langes Luch ; Trinkwassergewinnung ; peatland ; peat ; drinking water extraction
    Language: German
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2024-03-20
    Description: Der Landkreis Emsland hat zwischen 2018 und 2023 mit einer umfangreichen Bohrkampagne, Biotoptypenkartierung und Dateninterpretation ein Moorinformationssystem (MIS) aufgebaut, das dazu dient, Fragen zu den emsländischen Mooren aus Naturschutz- und Klimaschutzsicht zu beantworten. Im Folgenden werden die Arbeitsschritte der Erstellung des MIS in Form eines Handlungsleitfadens vorgestellt.
    Description: Between 2018 and 2023, the district of Emsland set up a peatland information system (MIS) with an extensive soil sampling campaign, biotope type mapping and data interpretation. The main goal of the MIS is to provide a foundation of information to allow for informed decision-making for nature conservation and climate protection. In the following, the work steps involved in creating the MIS are presented in the form of a guideline.
    Description: manual
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; ddc:581.7 ; ddc:333.72 ; ddc:631.4 ; Moor ; Torf ; Moorverbreitung ; Klimarelevanz ; Naturschutzwert ; Naturschutz ; Natürlicher Klimaschutz ; Klimaschutz ; Moorrenaturierung ; peatland ; peat ; Distribution of peatlands ; climate relevance ; nature conservation value ; nature-based solutions for climate protection ; peatland restoration ; nature conservation
    Language: German
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2024-03-20
    Description: Der Landkreis Emsland hat zwischen 2019 und 2023 mit einer Fließgewässerverlegung und umfangreichem Verwallungsbau und Grabenstau das Moornaturschutzgebiet (NSG) Bockholter Dose weiter vernässt.
    Description: Between 2019 and 2023, the district of Emsland further rewetted the Bockholter Dose peatland nature reserve (NSG) with a river relocation, extensive embankment construction and the damming of ditches.
    Description: report
    Keywords: ddc:333.72 ; Moor ; Torf ; Naturschutzgebiet ; Wiedervernässung ; Natürlicher Klimaschutz ; Moorrenaturierung ; peatland ; peat ; Nature reserve ; rewetting ; nature-based solutions for climate protection ; peatland restoration
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2024-03-20
    Description: Während der Exkursion besuchten wir Moore entlang des Limes Norrlandicus. Dabei gewannen wir Einblicke in die Ökologie, Vegetation und Stratigrafie einiger naturnaher Hochmoore. Weitere Schwerpunkte stellten Torfabbau und Wiedervernässung von Hochmooren sowie die landwirtschaftliche Nutzung von Niedermooren mit einhergehender Emission klimarelevanter Gase dar.
    Description: During the excursion, we visited mires along the Limes Norrlandicus. We learnt to know about ecology, vegetation and stratigraphy of some natural bogs as well as about peat extraction and rewetting of bogs. Another topic was the use of fens leading to emission of climate gases.
    Description: excursionguide
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; Moor ; Torf ; Schweden ; Exkursion ; peatland ; peat
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2024-03-20
    Description: conference
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; ddc:333.72 ; ddc:630.914 ; ddc:551.48 ; Moor ; Torf ; Wiedervernässung ; Paludikultur ; Klimaschutz ; Biodiversität ; Hydrologie ; peatland ; peat ; rewetting ; nature conservation
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2024-03-20
    Description: Im Rahmen des Projekts WIKIMooS wurde ein Tool entwickelt, das NutzerInnen dabei unterstützen soll, den aktuellen Zustand von Moorböden zu erfassen. Das Kernstück dieses Tools ist das WIKI-MooS-Feldbuch zur Horizontansprache in Moorböden. Dieses Feldbuch enthält eine Sammlung von Steckbriefen, die als begleitendes Material für bodenkundliche Aufnahmen im Gelände konzipiert wurden. Außerdem wurde eine Reihe von zehn Videos produziert, die managementrelevante Aspekte der Moore und Moorböden thematisieren und nützliche bodenkundliche Geländemethoden vorstellen.
    Description: A tool meant to help users describe the current state of peatland soils was developed during the WIKI-MooS project. The core element of this tool is the WIKIMooS Field Guide to Peatland Soil Horizons. This field guide includes a collection of illustrated pages created as supporting material for soil description in the field. Additionally, a series of ten videos was produced, which cover aspects of peatlands and peatland soils relevant to their management and present useful pedological field methods.
    Description: report
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; ddc:631.4 ; Moor ; Torf ; Moorkartierung ; bodenkundliche Aufnahme ; Bodenhorizonte ; Bodengefüge ; standardisierte Geländemethoden ; peatland ; peat ; peatland soil survey ; soil description ; soil horizons ; soil structure ; standardized field methods ; Bodenkunde ; soil
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Im Frühjahr dieses Jahres wurde von der Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, dem Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland (BUND) und der Michael Succow Stiftung, Partner im Greifswald Moor Moorzentrum der „Mooratlas 2023 – Daten und Fakten zu nassen Klimaschützern“ herausgegeben (im August 2023 in der 4. Auflage erschienen). Auf 50 Seiten beschreiben 27 Autorinnen und Autoren Moore, ihre ökosystemare Bedeutung als Bestandteile der Naturlandschaft – mit Schwerpunkt auf ihrer Bedeutung als Kohlenstoffspeicher, für die Biodiversität und als einzigartige Lebensräume, als (land- und forstwirtschaftliche) Produktionsstandorte sowie die komplexen Zusammenhänge der Auswirkungen ihrer Melioration und Nutzung auf das Klima. Dazu wird in 19 doppelseitigen Beiträgen umfangreiches Zahlenmaterial dargeboten. Mit einem Verweis auf neue Nutzungsformen nasser Standorte, die Paludikultur, bietet der Mooratlas darüber hinaus Diskussionsansätze für eine zukünftige landwirtschaftliche Wertschöpfung mit positiven Auswirkungen. Damit liefern die Verfasserinnen und Verfasser einen Beitrag, der dazu führen soll, den Themenkomplex Moor, Moornutzung und Moorschutz und dessen Relevanz in der aktuellen Klimadebatte einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit zugänglich zu machen und ihm einen größeren Stellenwert in der gesellschaftspolitischen Diskussion zuteilwerden zu lassen. [...]
    Description: abstract
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; ddc:333.72 ; ddc:631.4 ; ddc:630.914 ; ddc:581.7 ; ddc:333 ; Moor ; Torf ; peatland ; peat
    Language: German
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Für Deutschland und viele Industrieländer weltweit wird der Import von grünem Wasserstoff ein zentraler Baustein auf dem Weg zur Klimaneutralität sein. Dabei muss einerseits gewährleistet sein, dass grüner Wasserstoff auch wirklich "grün" im Sinne von klimaneutral ist. Zugleich gibt es immer mehr Forderungen, dass auch andere Nachhaltigkeitskriterien - soziale, ökonomische und ökologische - bei der Produktion und dem Transport von Wasserstoff eingehalten werden. Der politisch getriebene Aufbau einer globalen Wasserstoffwirtschaft bietet von Anfang an die Möglichkeit, diesen Sektor in Einklang mit den bestehenden politischen Zielen zu bringen. Dazu zählen beispielsweise die Pariser Klimaziele oder die Agenda 2030. Die Industrienation Deutschland, die auch in Zukunft auf Energieimporte angewiesen sein wird, kann hier als führende Industrienation als Vorreiter Einfluss nehmen. Damit kann nicht nur sichergestellt werden, dass der nach Deutschland importierte Wasserstoff "grün und nachhaltig" ist, sondern auch die Nachhaltigkeit des globalen Wasserstoffmarktes insgesamt beeinflusst werden. Diese Kurzstudie untersucht, welche bereits existierenden Politikinstrumente geeignet sind, Nachhaltigkeitskriterien für Wasserstoffimporte zu verankern und im Zusammenspiel den Weg zu einem nachhaltigen globalen Wasserstoffmarkt zu unterstützen. Dabei werden ausschließlich Nachhaltigkeitsziele und -kriterien jenseits der Klimawirkung von Wasserstoff analysiert. Es ist unbestritten, dass das zentrale Ziel der Wasserstoffwirtschaft die Reduktion von Treibhausgasen bis hin zur Klimaneutralität ist, was bereits in einer Vielzahl von Studien und Stellungnahmen diskutiert wurde. Daher wird in dieser Studie von der Klimaneutralität des grünen Wasserstoffs ausgegangen, um den Fokus auf die anderen wesentlichen Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte zu lenken, die für den Import von grünem und nachhaltigen Wasserstoff aus dem Globalen Süden von entscheidender Bedeutung sind.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 70
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    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2024-03-13
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2024-03-12
    Description: The twenty-seventh Conference of the Parties (COP27) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Sharm el-Sheikh made history by for the first time ever discussing and ultimately even agreeing to establish a fund to address loss and damage caused by climate change. However, the conference did little to limit the occurrence of loss and damage in the first place by containing the extent of climate change. This article discusses the conference's outcomes in the areas of mitigation and adaptation, loss and damage, the Global Stocktake, cooperation under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, climate finance, and gender-responsiveness. While modest progress can be observed, it is too slow to actually achieve the objectives of the Paris Agreement. This pace is leading many, not least the most vulnerable countries, to search for parallel arenas of cooperation.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2024-04-30
    Description: Better integration of climate action and sustainable development can help enhance the ambition of the next nationally determined contributions, as well as implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. Governments should use this year as an opportunity to emphasize the links between climate and sustainable development.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: In the race against time, the European Union must move swiftly to navigate the green transition. This imperative isn't just about staying ahead in the global green technology competition; it is about securing the future of Europe's economy while combating climate change. Ahead of the EU elections looming, the urgency of this dual challenge cannot be overstated. With a new pro-EU Polish government in place, the Weimar Triangle - a trilateral forum that brings together Poland, France and Germany - could provide the ideal place to offer a new bold industrial policy leadership in Europe.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: The study analyses strategies and offers recommendations for leveraging the Global Stocktake's (GST) outcomes for national climate action, especially for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It emphasizes the need for coordinated efforts to ensure the results of the GST influence national political discourse. It proposes communication strategies tailored to the different stages of the NDC policy process and diverse target audiences. Drawing on a wide range of examples, the paper advocates for a nuanced and strategic approach to communication and emphasizes the importance of legitimacy and complexity in engaging stakeholders at different levels of decision-making.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
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