ALBERT

Description: The aim of this book is to provide all persons interested in the tree and wood species of Suriname with a simple means to find the name of a given tree. To this end two dichotomous keys have been drawn up with the help of punched cards prepared from studies of conserved material and field observations made by the authors. The first one makes use only of vegetative characters of leaves and twigs and a few saliant features of the bark, disregarding flower and fruit characters mostly used in floras. The second key is based on the anatomy of the wood as far as this can be observed with a good 10 X or sometimes 20 X magnifying hand-lens.\nIn the \xe2\x80\x9cInleiding\xe2\x80\x9d the terminology applied in each of the keys and in the descriptions is explained and elucidated by sketch drawings. After the keys follows the descriptive part in which the families are treated in alphabetical sequence as are the genera within each family and species within a genus. In general the taxa are taken in the same circumscription as in the \xe2\x80\x9cFlora of Suriname\xe2\x80\x9d; where a different name is accepted, following recent views, the name in the Flora has been added in brackets. Attention is drawn to the Mimosaceae and Papilionaceae which are treated here on account of their close relationship as two major subdivisions of Leguminosae, the latter name being used as general family heading.

Description: In vorliegender Arbeit wird der Versuch unternommen, ein nach dem heutigen Stand unserer Kenntnisse vollst\xc3\xa4ndiges Verzeichnis der im indomalayischen Raum beheimateten Holzbohrmuscheln oder Terediniden zu geben. Die Grundlage der Untersuchungen bilden die Terediniden-Sammlungen von GONGGRIJP und BIANCHI im Amsterdamer Museum, die des Kgl. Tropeninstituts in Amsterdam sowie die fr\xc3\xbcheren Bearbeitungen des Verfassers von Material aus dem gleichen Gebiet. Au\xc3\x9fer einer systematischen Aufz\xc3\xa4hlung der dort vorkommenden Gattungen und Arten wird im besonderen die oft recht verwickelte Synonymie ber\xc3\xbccksichtigt und nach M\xc3\xb6glichkeit richtiggestellt. Des weiteren finden wir bei jeder der 31 Arten genaue Angaben der geographischen Verbreitung und in einem \xc3\xb6kologischen Abschnitt einen \xc3\x9cberblick \xc3\xbcber die durch indomalayische Terediniden zerst\xc3\xb6rten Holzarten sowie allgemeine Hinweise bez\xc3\xbcglich der Salzgehaltsverh\xc3\xa4ltnisse an den betreffenden Fundorten.

Description: Die Subsubclassis Redioinei ODENING, 1960 innerhalb der Unterklasse Digenea (VAN BENEDEN, 1858) wurde in zwei fr\xc3\xbcheren programmatischen Systementw\xc3\xbcrfen provisorisch, teilweise in Anlehnung an LA RUE (1957), gegliedert (ODENING 1960, 1961b). Ich halte es heute f\xc3\xbcr angebracht, die in jeder Beziehung bestimmbaren und festumrissenen Trematodengruppen als Ordnungen zu bewerten, wie es z.B. auch in den neueren Systemen der Cestoden der Fall ist. Diese Auffassung hat nicht nur praktische Vorz\xc3\xbcge, sondern sie befreit auch die unbestritten einheitlichen Gruppen aus hypothetischen Verbindungen. Ist es doch ein Nachteil der meisten neueren Einteilungsversuche der Digenea, da\xc3\x9f phylogenetische Hypothesen in Form von Ordnungen etabliert wurden, die nach Lage der Dinge je nach Auffassung der Autoren recht verschieden zusammengesetzt waren, w\xc3\xa4hrend die wirklich einheitlichen Gruppen mit den Zwischenkategorien (Unterordnung, \xc3\x9cberfamilie) bedacht wurden. Die Redioinei umfassen nach der neuen Wertung folgende selbst\xc3\xa4ndige Ordnungen (alphabetische Reihenfolge): 1. Allocreadiida Odening, 1960 2. Azygiida (La Rue, 1957) stat. et nom. emend. 3. Clinostomatida (Allison, 1943) stat. et nom. emend. 4. Cyclocoelida (La Rue, 1957) stat. et nom. emend. 5. Fasciolida (Poche, 1926) stat. et char. emend. 6. Hemiurida (Poche, 1926) stat. emend. 7. Opisthorchiida (La Rue, 1957) char. emend. 8. Paramphistomatida (Poche, 1926) stat. et char. emend.\nDie Ordnung Didymozoida (Poche, 1926) ist von den Redioinei auszuschlie\xc3\x9fen, da sie m\xc3\xb6glicherweise nicht zu den Digenea geh\xc3\xb6rt (siehe Baer & Joyeux 1961).

Description: Im Sommer des Jahres 1953, 1954 und 1956 wurden mit dem von dem Ministerium f\xc3\xbcr Wasserbauverwaltung zur Verf\xc3\xbcgung gestellten Forschungsschiff \xe2\x80\x9eOns Genoegen\xe2\x80\x9c, insgesamt 8 Wochen hydrographische, chemische und biologische Untersuchungen gemacht auf dem Wasser und auf dem Land.\nVon der Nehrungsinsel Rottumeroog bis Papenburg an der Ems wurden 352 Bodenproben und etwa 160 Wasserproben gesammelt. Weiter wurden viele hydrographische Messungen durchgef\xc3\xbchrt.

Description: A supplementary survey is given of endo- and ectoparasites collected from wild mammals in the Netherlands.

Description: We present below listings of mycotic infections occurring in vertebrates at the Chicago Zoological Park from September, 1954 to December, 1962. Most of the identifications were made by Dr. Tilden and Mrs. Getty from cultures of the fungi involved. Except for a few cases noted among the mammals, the findings were made from necropsy material.\nIt is interesting to note the wide variety and numbers of birds with mycotic infections in contrast to the few findings in mammals and reptiles. Our interest in mycotic infections during this period led to the publication of the eight articles listed at the end of this paper, and the reader is referred to these for additional information on some of the cases. These studies have included research on the endotoxins of Aspergillus flavus and fumigatus, the description of a new species of Microsporum, and case reports of mycoses in animals that were previously unrecorded.

Description: The bacteriological examinations of abnormal stools, irrespective of the apparent seriousness of the illness, is particularly important in a zoological park where it is difficult to apply measures to keep out possibly infected wild, non-resident animals and mechanical carriers, such as flies, cockroaches, etc. One obvious instance of the initiation of an epidemic by nonresident animals was the occurrence of infection with Salmonella newport among the animals in the pachyderm house. The first case in an elephant occurred about a month after S. newport had been isolated from the blood of a skunk found dead in the park. Prompt diagnosis of the first case and examination of the stools of other animals in the same building led to the discovery of further infections before symptoms occurred in the other animals. Suitable antibiotic therapy was instituted, but the first animal, an adult female elephant, was lost. All the pathogenic enteric bacteria isolated were identified as S. newport.\xc2\xb9) A fatal infection of a young forest horse with Salmonella typhimurium occurred following a long period of rainy weather leading to standing water in the enclosure. Contamination of the water by wild rats is believed to have been the most likely source of infection in this instance. No secondary cases occurred.

Description: Beschreibung der Geburt von drei Frettchen mit drei Protokollen. In mancher Hinsicht etwa die gleichen Befunde wie MURR (1932). Hier werden nur die abweichenden und neuen Befunde mitgeteilt. 1. Keine Unterschiede zwischen primiparen und pluriparen Tieren. 2. Eine glasige Schleimschnur aus der Vulva ist 2 bis 4 Stunden vor der Austreibung wahrnehmbar. Kurz vor der Geburt steht das Muttertier nur mit gr\xc3\xb6sster Schwierigkeit und liegt oftmals auf dem R\xc3\xbccken. 3. Die Austreibung f\xc3\xa4ngt an mit Pressen. Das Tier nimmt dazu die charakteristische Kothaltung an und geht in die Kotecke. 4. Nachdem die Fruchtblase in der Vulva erschienen ist, wird sie vom Muttertier mit dem Gebiss zerrissen. Nur ausnahmsweise findet ein spontaner Blasensprung statt. 5. Das Junge wird im Liegen weiter ausgetrieben. Die Wehen werden von der Bauchpresse unterst\xc3\xbctzt, wobei die Mutter liegen bleibt. Nur einmal (auf 16 Junge) half die Mutter und zog mit dem Gebiss das Junge auf einmal aus der Vulva. 6. Die Nabelschnur wird von der Mutter mit den Backenz\xc3\xa4hnen durchbissen. Am Bauch des Jungen bleibt ein etwa 2 mm langer Rest \xc3\xbcbrig. Diese L\xc3\xa4nge entspricht genau der Lippendicke des Muttertieres, also der Entfernung ihrer Backenz\xc3\xa4hne vom Nabel des Neugeborenen. 7. Die Nachgeburt wird unmittelbar nach ihrem Erscheinen gefressen, meistens schon bevor man in der Lage ist, diese genau zu beobachten. 8. Auf 16 Junge wurden nur 4 Steisslagen gefunden, also 25%, Kopfendlagen und die Steissendlagen alternierten nicht. 9. In Kopfendlage wird das Junge in Beugehaltung geboren (Kopf liegt der Brust an), aber in Steissendlage ist das Junge gestreckt. 10. Der Mittelwert der Austreibezeit pro Frucht ist in Kopfendlage 3,5 Minuten, oder wenn man von dem erstgeborenen Jungen absieht, 2,6 Minuten, und in Steissendlage nur 43 Sekunden. 11. Zwischen den Geburten von 2 Jungen liegen Zeitabschnitte von 3 bis 74 Minuten. 12. Der Nabelschnurrest am Bauch des Jungen f\xc3\xa4llt ab nach 4 bis 5 Tagen.

Description: The discovery of the Congo Peacock (Afropavo congensis CHAPIN) is one of the most recent in ornithology. Certainly it is the most famous one. The history of the discovery has been described by CHAPIN in detail (5, 6).\nThe first living specimens exported from Kongo reached the United States June 1949. CHARLES CORDIER told the story of this remarkable transport and of the painstaking work which he undertook to secure these first specimens (7, 8).

Description: Monoecious, marsh or aquatic plants, with perennial, creeping rootstocks and erect, terete stems. Leaves alternate, linear or strap-shaped, sheathing at the base, flat, slightly convex on the back. Flowers unisexual, densely crowded in simple, compact, cylindric spikes. Male inflorescence terminal and separated from the female spike or contiguous to it; each spike subtended by spathaceous, usually fugacious, bracts and divided at intervals by smaller caducous bracts. Perianth consisting of bristles. Male flowers with 3, rarely 1\xe2\x80\x947 stamens; the filaments free or connate; the anthers linear or oblong, basifixed, 2-celled, with longitudinal dehiscence; the connective produced beyond the cells in a conical, carnose acumen; pollen grains simple or compound. Female flowers with a one-celled, superior, stipitate and fusiform ovary; the ovule solitary and anatropous; the style elongate, slender, erect; the stigma ligulate, spathulate, lanceolate or linear. Among the female flowers many sterile ones with clavate tips. Fruit minute, stipitate, fusiform or ellipsoid, with a membranaceous or coriaceous pericarp, splitting longitudinally. Seed subcylindric or narrowly ellipsoid; the testa membranaceous; albumen farinaceous. Embryo cylindric, straight. About 8 species in one genus, widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions.

Description: Annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubby. Leaves alternate, consisting of sheath, ligule and blade. Sheaths envelopping the stem, usually with free margins; ligule borne at the mouth of the sheath, membranaceous or a rim of hairs; blades mostly elongate, flat, convolute or terete, parallel-veined. Inflorescence spicate, racemose or paniculate, bearing spikelets which consist of a shortened axis (rhachilla) and two to many scales. The two lowest scales (glumes) empty, rarely wanting; the following scales (lemmas) bearing in their axil an usually enclosed prophyll (palea) and a perfect or reduced flower. Lemma, palea and flower together forming the floret. Perfect flower consisting of 2\xe2\x80\x943 hyaline or fleshy lodicules, usually 3 (1\xe2\x80\x946) stamens and a pistil. Stamens with at anthesis rapidly elongating, filiform or ribbon-like filaments with 2-celled anthers, opening with longitudinal splits. Ovary superior, 1-celled; ovule one, anatropous; styles usually 2(1\xe2\x80\x943) with plumose stigmas. Fruit a caryopsis (i.e. the pericarp adnate to the seed) with mealy endosperm, rarely a nut, a berry or an utricle with free pericarp. Embryo small, at the base of the side opposite the hilus. About 4000 species in 500 genera; of world-wide distribution.

Description: Epiphytic or usually terrestrial ferns with a short fleshy rhizome bearing only one or a few, mostly fleshy, leaves, these erect, petiolate, continuous with the rhizome, the lamina usually divided into a sterile and a stalked fertile portion; veins free or reticulate. Sporangia with a wall composed of several layers of cells, opening with a slit, containing numerous trilete thick-walled subspherical spores of one kind. Four genera, two monotypic, the others with about 60 species of almost world-wide distribution.

Description: INTRODUCTION\nWhen in December 1960 the R.A.O.U. Checklist Committee was reorganised and the various tasks in hand were divided over its members, the owls were assigned to the author. While it was first thought that only the Boobook Owl, the systematics of which have been notoriously confused, would need thorough revision and that as regards the other species existing lists, for example Peters (1940), could be followed, it became soon apparent that it was impossible to make a satisfactory list without revision of all species.\nIn this paper the four Australian species of Strigidae are fully revised, over their whole ranges, and the same has been done for Tyto tenebricosa. Of the other three Australian Tytonidae, however, only the Australian races have been considered: these species have a wide distribution (one of them virtually world-wide) and it was not expected that the very considerable amount of extra work needed to include extralimital races would be justified by results.\nConsiderable attention has been paid to geographical distribution, and it appears that some species are much more restricted in distribution than has generally been assumed. A map of the distribution of each species is given; these maps are mainly based on material personally examined, and only when they extended the range as otherwise defined, have I made use of reliable field observations and material published but not seen by me.\nFrom the section on material examined it will be easy to trace the localities; where other information has been used, the reference follows the locality.\n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\nThe revision was carried out, besides the Western Australian Museum,

Description: Under the auspices of Leiden University and with the financial aid of various organisations and institutions, Messrs. E. Hennipman, P. Nijhoff, C. Swennen, A. S. Tulp, W. J. M. Vader, and W. J. J. O. de Wilde, most of whom are biological students of Leiden University, made a collecting trip to Turkey from March to July 1959. Extensive collections of plants and animals from Turkey were brought together, while moreover incidental collecting was done on the way home in Greece and Jugoslavia. A narrative of this trip will be published by Nijhoff & Swennen.\nThe Decapod and Stomatopod Crustacea brought home by the expedition form an extensive and well preserved collection, which contains many very interesting items. It is gratifying to see that notwithstanding the short duration of the expedition and the limited means available these important results could be obtained. Most of the material was collected either in fresh water or in littoral marine habitats (0-5 m depth); on two occasions a trip with a commercial fishing boat could be made, during these trips material from deeper water was obtained. The accompanying map (fig. 1) shows the localities whence Decapoda and Stomatopoda were taken by the expedition, and other Turkish localities mentioned in the present paper.\nAs extremely little is known about the Decapod fauna of Turkey, even the most common species in the present collection proved to be of interest.\nA number of Mediterranean species are now reported for the first time from Turkish waters. In addition, the Turkish south coast proved to lodge also several Indo-West Pacific species originating from the Red Sea which have entered the Mediterranean by way of the Suez Canal and went northward along the coasts of Egypt, Israel, the Lebanon and Syria. Several of

Description: CONTENTS\nIntroduction................... 3\nOrder Primates.................. 6\nFamily Cercopithecidae................ 6\nGenus Presbytis................. 6\nPresbytis melalophos (Raffles)............ 6\nPresbytis aygula (L.)............... 16\nPresbytis rubicunda (M\xc3\xbcller)............. 18\nPresbytis frontata (M\xc3\xbcller)............. 20\nPresbytis and Trachypithecus............. 20\nPleistocene remains of Presbytis from Java......... 24\nCave material of Presbytis from Sumatra......... 25\nGenus Trachypithecus............... 25\nTrachypithecus cristatus (Raffles)........... 25\nRace and sex in Trachypithecus cristatus.......... 32\nPleistocene remains of Trachypithecus from Java....... 37\nTrachypithecus cristatus robustus nov. subsp......... 41\nCave material of Trachypithecus from Java......... 41\nCave material of Trachypithecus from Sumatra........ 42\nGenus Macaca................. 44\nMacaca fascicularis (Raffles)............. 44\nMacaca nemestrina (L.).............. 48\nPleistocene remains of Macaca from Java......... 50\nCave material of Macaca from Java.......... 54\nCave material of Macaca from Sumatra......... 57

Description: This is a taxonomic revision of the genus Capparis in South and Southeast Asia, Malesia, Australia, and the Pacific. In this area, four sections are distinguished: 1. sect. Capparis, monotypic with C. spinosa, 2. sect. Sodada, monotypic with C. decidua, 3. sect. Monostichocalyx in a new circumscription containing most of the species formerly included in sect. Eucapparis, with about 65 species in the area under revision, 4. sect. Busbeckea, with 12\xe2\x80\x9414 species in all.\nOf the 79 species recognized, 7 are new, viz. C. cataphyllosa, cinerea, koioides, monantha, pachyphylla, rigida, and rufidula, and 2 are elevated from varietal to specific rank, viz. C. annamensis (C. grandiflora var. annamensis Baker \xc6\x92.) and C. pranensis (C. thorelii var. pranensis Pierre ex Gagn.). Of the 11 subspecies recognized under C. acutifolia, micracantha, and sikkimensis 9 are newly described or new in rank, like 3 out of the 8 varieties under C. loranthifolia, micracantha, and spinosa. Under C. brachybotrya, 2 formae have been maintained, under C. floribunda, is reduced. Three species, C. dielsiana with 2 varieties, C. longipes, and C. muelleriana, have been recorded as incompletely known besides.\nChapters on characters and internal relationships, and plant-geographic remarks have been added. All type specimens are cited with the names based on them, the other collections only as far as they are important for the knowledge of the distribution. Notes dealing with deviating specimens, nomenclatural problems, related species in Africa, &c. are given under the taxa.\nStarting from the idea that solitary large flowers and a beaked ovary with relatively many carpels, the presence of empty spiny bract-like cataphylls at the base of a shoot, and straight thorns are primitive characters, an attempt has been made to devise a subdivision of Sect. Monostichocalyx into 7 tentative Groups to show their natural interrelationships and possible derivation.\nIt is regarded as most likely, that the genus, as represented in the area under revision, originated in southern India/Ceylon and/or Gondwanaland, and migrated into Australia, and later through the Indo-Chinese Peninsula to the northwest and northeast, and into Malesia.\nAn index to numbered collections has been added. Hypselandra Pax & Hoffm. (syn. Meeboldia Pax & Hoffm.) is reduced to Maerua. B.S. Sun\xe2\x80\x99s new taxa from China are discussed in an appendix.

Description: There is a great diversity of opinion regarding the interpretation of the genera and some species in the former Hippocrateaceae. If one reads the comprehensive and detailed revision of the New World Hippocrateaceae by A. C. Smith (Brittonia 3, 1940, 341\xe2\x80\x94555), one may have an impression of it. For example, A. C. Smith in his monotypic genus Hemiangium, under H. excelsum, has united species which were recognized as belonging to three different genera by Miers; he has also limited Hippocratea L. to a single species, H. volubilis L., and placed more than 40 names of species and varieties in the synonymy of it.\nA detailed review of the history and generic delimitation of the family Hippocrateaceae has already ably been summarized and discussed by A. C. Smith in the above mentioned publication. I shall make only a brief account of those works which contain genera, species, or discussions related to the Malaysian flora.

Description: In the Flora of Tropical Africa C. B. Clarke (6) pointed out that in the collection of \xe2\x80\x9cScleria foliosa Hochst., Abyssinia, prope Chire, Dillon & Petit\xe2\x80\x9d specimens of true S. foliosa Hochst. ex A. Rich. (4) are mixed with some of S. schimperiana Boeck. (1) and that \xe2\x80\x9cit would be very difficult to sort them without looking at the nut\xe2\x80\x9d. He referred S. dillonii Boeck. (2) to the synonymy of S. foliosa, and herein he was followed by all subsequent authors including Nelmes (3) and Robinson (5).\nHowever, already Boeckeler was aware of the fact that the Chire collection is a mixture, and on \xe2\x80\x9cS. foliosa Hb. Dillon et Petit. \xe2\x80\x94 an etiam Richardi? \xe2\x80\x94 pro parte (c. S. foliosa Hochst. intermixta)\xe2\x80\x9d he based his S. dillonii, different from S. foliosa mainly by its globose or depressed-globose, smooth nuts.

Description: During the pre-naming of some new collections made by the Forestry Service of North Borneo, Mr L. L. Forman, Kew, provisionally identified a collection from Pulau Gaya, District of Jesselton, San 20499, gathered by Dr. W. Meijer, as an undescribed species of the American genus Simaba. As he knew that I had almost finished a revision of the Simaroubaceae for the Flora Malesiana, he immediately gave notice and sent the material with the permission of the Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, without delay to Leyden. I have to thank him most cordially for this friendly and generous gesture. Later Dr. J. A. R. Anderson, of the Sarawak Forestry Service, Kuching, kindly pointed our attention to the fact that the species had been collected in the past, both in Borneo and Sumatra, and that these specimens had been distributed as Parishia sp.\nIn critical checking the generic identity of the specimen, Mr Forman\xe2\x80\x99s opinion appeared to be correct, and the new plant has been since described as a new species in the Flora Malesiana. At the same time it appeared possible to accommodate it also in several other American and African genera as well, for example Simarouba, Hannoa, and Odyendyea. This necessitated a closer comparison of these genera, and some others, a desirability which I had earlier thought to lie outside the scope of the Flora Malesiana revision.

Description: The author gives a recapitulation of the families of the Aphyllophorales. He is inclined to recognize 21: the families he is not (yet) prepared to uphold are discussed. The synonymy of the order and the families above the rank of genus is listed, but it is avowedly incomplete. The treatment of each family does not go further than the mention of the included genera, but through selected references cited for each genus in a special list, an introduction to the separate genera is provided. An introductory chapter contains some general remarks and discusses a number of terms used in connection with the treatment of the families. New taxa are, Brachybasidiales, Hericiaceae, Punctulariaceae, Asterostromatoideae, Pteruloideae, while the name Septobasidiales Couch is validly published and the new combination Serpula mollusca (Fr.) Donk is made.

Description: The genus Pseudohiatula, based on hymeniform structure of epicutis with interspersed dermatocystidia or trichodermial-palisadic structure without dermatocystidia, contains species, all belonging in the same tribus (Marasmieae), but does not seem to be sufficiently homogeneous to be maintained sensu lato. It is now restricted to the type species (P. cyatheae), and P. callistosporioides is united with Cyptotrama macrobasidium in the genus Cyptotrama; P. irrorata and P. panamensis (perhaps also P. ohshimae) are referable to Hydropus (where species with projecting dermatocystidia and with muricate pleurocystidia should be admitted); P. conigenoides, esculenta, stephanocystis, and tenacella are placed in a new genus, Strobilurus, and P. cinnamomea in another new genus, Physocystidium.

Description: A study of the sole original species of Belonidium Mont. & Dur. revealed that this generic name has been misapplied by subsequent authors. The taxon is redefined as a subgenus of Dasyscyphus S. F. Gray. A brief account is given of the latter genus and its subdivisions and of other genera assigned to the Hyaloscyphaceae trib. Lachneae ( Psilachnum H\xc3\xb6hn., Diplocarpa Massee) and subfam. Trichocyphelloideae ( Lachnellula P. Karst., Perrotia Boud.) transferred from the Helotiaceae to the Hyaloscyphaceae, as well as of some other genera, Trichodiscus Kirschst., Lasiobelonium (Sacc.) Sacc. and Zoellneria Vel. The taxonomic significance of lanceolate paraphyses, characteristic in the Hyaloscyphaceae of the Lachneae, and in other families of Helotiales is discussed, with notes on Cenangiopsis Rehm, Mollisiopsis Rehm and other genera. The species previously referred to Belonidium by De Notaris and later authors are reviewed and suggestions are made as to their taxonomic positions and status with incidental notes on such genera as Belonopsis (Sacc.) Rehm, Calycellina H\xc3\xb6hn., Strossmayeria S. Schulz., Allophylaria Karst., and the introduction of Nipterella Starb\xc3\xa4ck ex Dennis, gen. nov. Hymenoscyphus S. F. Gray is taken up for the bulk of species currently referred to Helotium Pers. New combinations are made with Allophylaria (1), Belonopsis (2), Calycellina (1), Cenangiopsis (2), Dasyscyphus (12), Hymenoscyphus (3), Lachnellula (17), Lasiobelonium (1), Nipterella (2), Perrotia (3), Pezizella (1), Psilachnum (2), Strossmayeria (1), Unguicularia H\xc3\xb6hn. (1).

Description: In this paper descriptions are given of the hyphal structure in the hydnaceous genera Climacodon P. Karst., Creolophus P. Karst., Donkia Pil\xc3\xa1t, Hydnellum P. Karst., Mycoleptodonoides Nikol., Mycorrhaphium Maas G. (which is introduced as a new genus), Phellodon P. Karst., Sarcodon P. Karst., and Steccherinum S. F. Gray. The following new combinations are proposed: Hydnellum piperatum (Coker) Maas G., Mycorrhaphium adustum (Schw.) Maas G., M. pusillum (Brot. ex Fr.) Maas G., and Steccherinum murashkinskyi (Burt) Maas G.

Description: The family is taken in a broad, artificial sense, but exclusive of the Boletaceae and \xe2\x80\x98Meruliaceae\xe2\x80\x99 sensu lato. Of the generic names treated 229 are considered validly published, 37 not validly published, and 6 are excluded. Of each name details are given on various nomenclatorial aspects such as valid publication, typification, homonymy, status (legitimacy). The new combinations Flaviporus brownei (Humb. per Pers.) Donk and Xerotinus afer (Fr.) Donk are proposed. Attention is drawn to brief remarks made in connection with Elmerina cladophora (Berk.) Bres., Polyporus scabrosus Pers., Chaetoporus tenuis P. Karst., Polyporus medulla-panis (Jacq.) per Fr.; to the synonymy listed of Merulius alveolaris DC. and Hexagonia mori Pollini; to the valid publication of the names Fomes (Fr.) Fr., Postia Fr., and Schizopora Velen.; and to the typification of the names Antrodia P. Karst., Lignosus (Lloyd) ex Torrend, Melanopus Pat., Merisma (Fr.) Gill. and its synisonyms, Phellinus Qu\xc3\xa9l., Ungulina Pat.

Description: The 31 collections of Nidulariaceae in Persoon\xe2\x80\x99s Herbarium, bearing 23 names in all, are revised into 8 species: Crucibulum laeve (Bull. ex DC.) Kambly, Cyathus microsporus Tul., C. olla (Batsch) ex Pers., C. poeppigii Tul., C. stercoreus (Schw.) De Toni, C. striatus (Huds.) ex Pers., C. triplex Lloyd and Nidularia farcta (Roth ex Pers.) Fr. Nine names are unpublished and hence nomina nuda. Six specimens appear to be of West Indian origin and two from Mauritius. As one West Indian specimen was named Nidularia Domingensis\xe2\x80\x9d, the type of Cyathus microsporus var. domingensis Tul., which is the type variety of the species, was examined and the two collections agree in most respects. However, the spores of C. microsporus are larger than is given in the literature. The spores of both C. striatus and C. triplex are reported to have a proximal notch which does not appear to have been previously reported.

Description: This paper deals mainly with species found to have been wrongly described in, or transferred to, such genera as Beccariella, Cladoderris, Podoscypha, Polyozus, Stereum and Thelephora. The author excludes these species from the stipitate stereoid series. Descriptions and illustrations of most of them are based on type material. Many names are reduced to synonymy. One new genus is described, Hydnopolyporus Reid. Xylobolus Karst. is given sectional rank as Stereum sect. Phellina (Endl.) Reid. New combinations are made in Amauroderma (1), Clavulina (1), Clavulinopsis (1), Dacryopinax (1), Gomphus (1), Hydnopolyporus (2), Pleurotus (1), Pseudocraterellus (7) and Scytinopogon (1).

Description: Some genera of Geoglossaceae, characterized by colourless spores and positive iodine reaction of the ascus pore, are compared with respect to the structure of the stipe. Ochroglossum is reduced to the synonymy of Microglossum. Mitrula is regarded as a monotypic genus. The generic name Heyderia is restored. Thuemenidium is reintroduced to replace Corynetes. Nothomitra is proposed as a new genus to accomodate N. cinnamomea, a new species.

Description: Descriptions et figures de Lepiota cortinarius J. Lange et de deux esp\xc3\xa8ces nouvelles de la section Micaceae du genre Lepiota.

Description: Galeopsis pubescens Bess, has established itself near Oranjewoud (prov. Friesland); it was found there for the first time in 1910.

Description: In 1962 Microthamnion strictissimum Rabenhorst was found twice in the Netherlands, whereas it had not been recorded before from that country. It was collected in a shallow oligotrophic pool (Leersumse Veld, Eerste Plas, prov. Utrecht) as well as in an also shallow but eutrophic one (Herenvennen, Bergen, prov. Limburg).

Description: HEUKELS \xe2\x80\x93 VAN OOSTSTROOM, Flora van Nederland, 15e druk, bewerkt door Dr. S. J. van Ooststroom. P. Noordhoff N.V., Groningen, 1962, 892 pag., 1038 fig., f. 11,50.\nIn deze nieuwe druk werd weer een groot aantal noodzakelijke aanvullingen en verbeteringen aangebracht. Deze betreffen o.a. de omgrenzing van enige geslachten en soorten, de bewerking van een aantal infraspecifische taxa, wijzigingen van nomenclatorische aard en toevoegingen van literatuuropgaven.

Description: Dates of unfolding of leaves and development of male inflorescences of an about 150 years old copper beech in the Leyden Botanical Garden.

Description: Tetramyxa parasitica Goebel. In Gorteria 1, no. 12, 1963, p. 138 vermeldt C. den Hartog deze, gallen op Ruppia veroorzakende, schimmel voor de eerste maal voor ons land, en wel van enige inlagen op Schouwen en Noord-Beveland. Bij het doorzien van het Ruppia-materiaal van het Rijksherbarium en de Kon. Ned. Botanische Vereniging bleek, dat zich in laatstgenoemde collectie een plant van Ruppia maritima met Tetramyxa-gallen bevindt, verzameld in 1868 door F. Holkema \xe2\x80\x9ein een oude doorbraak in de Kuil op Texel\xe2\x80\x9d. v. O. en R.\nErica scoparia L. nu ook op Texel. Door de heer W. A. Luynenberg werd, samen met de heer G. J. de Haan en op diens aanwijzing, op Texel aan de Hoornse Slag op 27 augustus 1963 materiaal verzameld van bovengenoemde soort, die daar in een tweetal exemplaren voorkomt. De planten groeiden op enigszins gestoord terrein. Ook hier is het weer, evenals op Terschelling, voorlopig onmogelijk een bevredigende verklaring van het voorkomen te geven; het wordt er alleen maar nog raadselachtiger door. v. O. en R.

Description: This paper deals with the habitat of Cornus suecica in pine and spruce plantations near Wilhelmshaven (N.W. Germany), one of its southernmost localities in Europe. The table of records represents a transect from open pinewood to a dense, mixed pine-spruce-wood. All the shrubs, as well as the herbs and bryophytes of groups 1 obviously prefer the light wood stand, whereas those of groups 2 and especially 3 are most abundant and fertile in dense shade.\nCornus suecica and Trientalis europaea show an opposite behaviour with regard to light, and so do the two closely allied Dryopteris species, D. austriaca and D. spinulosa.

Description: Mentha X dumetorum Schult. is de zeldzaam voorkomende bastaard van M. aquatica L. en M. longifolia (L.) Huds. De Voerenbeek of Voer zoeke men niet bij Voerendaal; het is nl. de beek die even bezuiden Eysden, nog juist op Nederlands gebied in de Maas uitmondt. Op Belgisch gebied ontspringt hij bij Sint Pietersvoeren (Fouron St. Pierre) en stroomt dan in hoofdzakelijk west-zuidwestelijke richting via Sint Maartensvoeren (Fouron St. Martin) en \xe2\x80\x99s-Gravenvoeren (Fouron le Comte) naar Mesch en Eysden op Nederlands gebied. GOFFARTS Flore de Belgique noemt Fouron St. Martin als vindplaats van M. X dumetorum. Inderdaad groeit de plant daar veel; stroomopwaarts vindt men haar tot aan de oorsprong van de beek bij Fouron St. Pierre. Gaat men stroomafwaarts dan ziet men haar van afstand tot afstand via Fouron le Comte tot op Nederlands gebied bij Meschermolen, vlak ten oosten van de douanepost Eysden. De afstand van Fouron St. Pierre tot Meschermolen, langs de beek gemeten is omstreeks 9 km. Het is dus merkwaardig, dat de plant zich over zo\xe2\x80\x99n afstand heeft weten uit te breiden; daar staat tegenover, dat ze zich strikt aan het \xe2\x80\x9ewinterbed\xe2\x80\x9d van de beek schijnt te houden; nergens vindt men haar meer dan enkele tientallen meters van de beek verwijderd. De bastaard zal dus wel zijn ontstaan aan de bovenloop van het beekje en moet dan van het stromende water hebben geprofiteerd voor een rijkelijke vegetatieve verspreiding.

Description: Epilobium inornatum Melville, a species native in New Zealand, and cultivated in rock-gardens, has established itself in a number of parks and gardens in the Netherlands since 1932.

Description: Sphacelaria plumigera Holmes is reported from 8 localities in the province of Zeeland (Netherlands). The differences between this species and S. plumosa Lyngb., with which it has been confounded, are given, and its habitat is described. The species occurs in the upper part of the sublittoral and the lowest part of the eulittoral, and is uncovered only during the spring ebb. It shows a preference for sheltered localities and has been found in the following algal communities: Polysiphonieto-Chaetomorphetum, Codieto-Hypoglossetum, and in the vegetation of Laminaria saccharina. The species is limited to the euhalinicum and does not occur in the brackish waters of the estuaries. Unilocular sporangia have been found in February, March and April. Finally the geographic distribution of the species is recorded.

Description: Catapodium marinum (L.) Hubbard has its northern limit on the continent in the Netherlands. Up to now it was known here from 4 localities only. In 1960 the author discovered two new and very rich localities on the isle of Walcheren between Domburg and Westkapelle. It is supposed that the plants have reached one of these localities as a result of the inundation after the great flood of 1953, and the other with rubble from Westkapelle, which village was destroyed during World War II, and inundated afterwards.

Description: Up to 1954 Ceratophyllum submersum L. was represented in the Netherlands herbaria mainly from a few localities in the neighbourhood of the coast, and in the living state it was practically unknown to Dutch botanists. As appears from an investigation since 1954, this species still occurs in several localities in the coastal area, and is fairly common in some parts of the province of Zeeland. It grows in oligohaline to mesohaline waters but not in salt ones. The only inland occurrence of the species is in South-Limburg (see \xe2\x80\x9eNaschrift\xe2\x80\x9d). On the map the localities known before 1954 are marked with a circle, those after 1954 with a dot (fig. 1).

Description: The genus Chloris Sw. is represented in the Netherlands by 4 adventitious species, viz. C. virgata Sw., C. truncata R. Br., C. divaricata R. Br., and C. pycnothrix Trin. Descriptions of these species and figures of their florets are given. The four species may be distinguished with the aid of the following key: 1. Lemma of the bisexual floret in the upper part with c. 2-3 mm long hairs on the margin; hairs distinctly exceeding the top of the lemma. Leaves gradually narrowed into the acute apex ................................... 1. C. virgata 1\xe2\x80\x99. Lemma of the bisexual floret nearly glabrous, or shortly hairy with hairs not exceeding the top of the lemma. Leaves abruptly narrowed into the obtuse or obtusish apex. 2. Lemma of the bisexual floret and of the next higher one broadened towards the truncate apex ................................ 2. C. truncata 2\xe2\x80\x99. Lemma of the bisexual floret and of the next higher one narrowed into the acute bifid apex. 3. Lemma of the bisexual floret c. 3\xc2\xbd-4\xc2\xbd mm long. Spikes finally horizontally spreading to deflexed, c. 10-17 cm long .................... 3. C. divaricata 3\xe2\x80\x99. Lemma of the bisexual floret c. 2-3 mm long. Spikes finally ascending and more or less incurved, c. 4-7 cm long .......................... 4. C. pycnothrix

Description: The authors mention the occurrence of a terrestrial form of Montia fontana subsp. rivularis in a garden at Leiden. As this form much resembles typical specimens of subsp. fontana the differences between the two subspecies are discussed.

Description: A few specimens of Spiranthes cernua (L.) Rich., a native of Canada and the United States, were found in a wild state in the Botanical Garden \xe2\x80\x9cDe Wolf\xe2\x80\x9d at Haren, prov. Groningen, in 1961 and 1962. As S. cernua was never cultivated there, and unintentional introduction by men is rather unlikely, the authors suppose that seeds of the species, which is sometimes cultivated in aquaria and terraria, may have found their way to the garden.

Description: Een veertiendaags verblijf in Thorn, nl. van 9 tot 23 augustus 1961, was aanleiding het desbetreffende uurhok (I.V.O.N.-indeling: blad 58, uurhok 52) te inventariseren. Dit geschiedde \xe2\x80\x9eals toerist\xe2\x80\x9d, d.w.z. door wegen en paden, zij het niet al te nauwlettend, te volgen, maar zonder veel in moerassen en struikgewas door te dringen. De oogst bedroeg desondanks ruim 350 soorten, hoewel ca. een derde van het terrein tot Belgi\xc3\xab behoort en niet in de inventarisatielijst werd verwerkt.\nDe verklaring van het betrekkelijk grote aantal soorten schuilt zeker wel in de grote afwisseling van het terrein, dat naast akkers en weilanden omvat: 1. het stadje Thorn, met de opmerkelijke resten van de abdij; 2. een stuk van de Maas, dat overigens slecht bereikbaar was en voorzover bereikbaar niet erg rijk; 3. een stuk van een druk scheepvaartkanaal; 4. een (onbelangrijke) beek.

Description: A number of samples from salt-pans collected by J. Rooth in Bonaire and by Miss T. M. Emeis in Curasao were handed over to the author for identification. Fr\xc3\xa9my (1941) has published a list of Cyanophyceae collected by Wagenaar Hummelinck in Bonaire, Klein Bonaire and Cura\xc3\xa7ao in 1930 and 1932. Among the last mentioned collection there were samples from the same salt-pans in Bonaire, where also J. Rooth did his collecting. It is interesting to compare both results.\nDr Fr. Drouet had the kindness to procure some identifications for this part as well as for part II.

Description: In the northern part of Belgium, Dryopteris tavelii is mostly found in young plantations of Pinus in the Campine and Flemish districts. As some of these localities are situated near the Dutch border, the author expects that the species may also occur in similar habitats in the Netherlands parts of these districts.

Description: An enumeration of the species of Erodium, found in the Netherlands. E. glutinosum Dum. and E. cicutarium (L.) L\xe2\x80\x99H\xc3\xa9rit. are native; E. malacoides (L.) L\xe2\x80\x99H\xc3\xa9rit., E. crinitum Carolin, E. botrys (Cav.) Bertol., E. gruinum (L.) L\xe2\x80\x99Herit., E. ciconium (L.) L\xe2\x80\x99Herit., E. stephanianum Willd., E. aethiopicum (Lamk.) Brumh. & Thell., and E. moschatum (L.) L\xe2\x80\x99Herit. are adventive species.

Description: Galerina uncialis, originally described as a species growing on mossy trunks, but found to be growing in abundance on terrestrial mosses, is redescribed and compared with other annulate species of Galerina of the open country. Pholiota pumila sensu F. H. M\xc3\xb6ller is redescribed as Galerina moelleri nov. spec., and Galera pumila f. oreina J. Favre reduced to the synonymy of Galerina moelleri. Pholiota pumila var. subferruginea M\xc3\xb6ller & Lange is regarded as a nomen dubium. Attention is drawn to the fact that Galerina unicolor (Vahl ex Sommerf.) Sing. in its original sense is a terrestrial species. The new combination Galerina praticola is proposed, and the microscopical description of the species supplemented.

Description: The author introduces two new genera, Mniopetalum Donk & Sing, (based on a new species, M. globisporum Donk) and Episphaeria Donk (based on Cyphella fraxinicola Berk. & Br.). Three other genera in an emended circumscription are discussed: Stigmatolemma Kalchbr., Phaeosolenia Speg., and Cyphellopsis Donk. Rhodocyphella W. Cooke is reduced to the synonymy of Stigmatolemma; and Maireina (Pil\xc3\xa1t) W. Cooke, to the rank of a section of Cyphellopsis, which is tentatively considered to consist of a single complex species for which the name Cyphella monacha Speg. apud Roum. is temporarily used. New combinations are made in Mniopetalum (1), Episphaeria (1), Stigmatolemma (3), Phaeosolenia (2). Most of these names are used (but not validly published) in a recent work of Singer where also the genera mentioned above are described and discussed.

Description: Cordyceps capitata does occur in the Netherlands, but is shown to be far less common than C. canadensis, a species not previously recorded. A brief review of the European literature demonstrates that practically all descriptions refer to Cordyceps canadensis. Both species are described and their differences indicated.

Description: Four species of Fimaria Vel. are described. The following new combinations are made: Fimaria hepatica (Batsch per Pers.) Brumm., F. cervaria (Phill. apud J. Stevenson) Brumm., and F. theioleuca (Roll.) Brumm. Ascobolus vinosus Berk., A. fuckelii J. Kunze, A. piceus (Limminghe) ex Cooke, and Fimaria murina Vel. are reduced to the synonymy of Fimaria hepatica.