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  • Springer Nature  (95,719)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (27,573)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • 2020-2022  (67,515)
  • 1960-1964  (55,777)
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  • 1
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    Applying the Values of Geoethics for Sustainable Speleotourism Development (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-09-01
    Description: Establishing sustainable and responsible speleotourism development is a major challenge and involves complex activities. Adequate theoretical starting point is the application of geoethical values related to the conservation and protection of the caves to be used for touristic purposes. Positive and negative cases of human behaviors towards speleological geoheritage are discussed, in order to highlight what should be done in cave management to avoid malpractices and on what elements could be founded adequate strategies aimed at promoting sustainable speleotourism. This is important to tourism management organizations involved in the promotion of caves and in creating economic opportunities for local populations, while respecting cave ecosystems. Modern cave management must be focused on the protection of the cave ecosystems, finding ways to achieve at the same time an economic development of local communities. But this approach needs the adoption of a geoethical framework of values to be shared by all stakeholders involved so that successful cooperation can be achieved despite differences in interests and expectations. The aim of this paper is to raise the awareness about the need to apply the values of geoethics to speleotourism, stimulating new fields of discussion within the scientific and technical communities involved in studies and activities related to geotourism and geoheritage. The possibilities of developing new ways to manage caves, in order to promote a sustainable socio-economic development of local communities, have to be balanced with the protection of natural environments as much as possible. The proposed theoretical frameworks have the goal to increase the discussion on the best ways of connecting speleotourism to sustainable and responsible cave management, presenting two case studies, and pointing out potential solutions.
    Description: Open access funding provided by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia within the CRUI-CARE Agreement
    Description: Published
    Description: id 73
    Description: 7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Geoethics ; Responsibility ; Sustainability ; Caves ; Speleotourism ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
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    On the correlation between solar activity and large earthquakes worldwide (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-03
    Description: Large earthquakes occurring worldwide have long been recognized to be non Poisson distributed, so involving some large scale correlation mechanism, which could be internal or external to the Earth. Till now, no statistically significant correlation of the global seismicity with one of the possible mechanisms has been demonstrated yet. In this paper, we analyze 20 years of proton density and velocity data, as recorded by the SOHO satellite, and the worldwide seismicity in the corresponding period, as reported by the ISC-GEM catalogue. We found clear correlation between proton density and the occurrence of large earthquakes (M 〉 5.6), with a time shift of one day. The significance of such correlation is very high, with probability to be wrong lower than 10-5. The correlation increases with the magnitude threshold of the seismic catalogue. A tentative model explaining such a correlation is also proposed, in terms of the reverse piezoelectric effect induced by the applied electric field related to the proton density. This result opens new perspectives in seismological interpretations, as well as in earthquake forecast.
    Description: Published
    Description: 11495
    Description: 7T. Variazioni delle caratteristiche crostali e precursori sismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: correlation ; solar activity ; large earthquakes worldwide
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Tracking the recent dynamics of Mt. Vesuvius from joint investigations of ground deformation, seismicity and geofluid circulation (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-15
    Description: We reconstruct the composite dynamics of Mt. Vesuvius volcano in the period 2012–2019 from the study of ground deformation, seismicity, and geofluid (groundwater and fumarolic fluids) circulation and recognize complex spatio-temporal variations in these observables at medium (years) and short (months) time-scales. We interpret the observed patterns as the combined effect of structural changes affecting the volcanic edifice and variations of the dynamics of the hydrothermal system. In particular, we identify a change in the activity state of Mt. Vesuvius. After the activity reached minimum levels in 2014, the centroid of the surface manifestations migrated towards the SE. Episodic variations of co-seismic and aseismic deformation and fluid release, if analysed separately, would likely have been interpreted as pseudo-random oscillations of the background geophysical and geochemical signals. When organised in a comprehensive, multiparametric fashion, they shed light on the evolution of the volcano in 4D (x,y,z, time) space. These inferences play a crucial role in the formulation of civil protection scenarios for Mt. Vesuvius, a high risk, densely urbanized volcanic area which has never experienced unrest episodes in the modern era of instrumental volcanology.
    Description: Published
    Description: 965
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: recent dynamics ; Mt. Vesuvius ; investigations ; ground deformation ; seismicity ; geofluid circulation
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Asian dust-storm activity dominated by Chinese dynasty changes since 2000 BP (2020)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 11(1), pp. 1-7, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-14
    Description: The Asian monsoon (AM) played an important role in the dynastic history of China, yet it remains unknown whether AM-mediated shifts in Chinese societies affect earth surface processes to the point of exceeding natural variability. Here, we present a dust storm intensity record dating back to the first unified dynasty of China (the Qin Dynasty, 221–207 B.C.E.). Marked increases in dust storm activity coincided with unified dynasties with large populations during strong AM periods. By contrast, reduced dust storm activity corresponded to decreased population sizes and periods of civil unrest, which was co-eval with a weakened AM. The strengthened AM may have facilitated the development of Chinese civilizations, destabilizing the topsoil and thereby increasing the dust storm frequency. Beginning at least 2000 years ago, human activities might have started to overtake natural climatic variability as the dominant controls of dust storm activity in eastern China.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 5
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    Niche-based assembly of bacterial consortia on the diatom Thalassiosira rotula is stable and reproducible (2020)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3The Isme Journal, Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-26
    Description: With each cell division, phytoplankton create new space for primary colonization by marine bacteria. Although this surface microenvironment is available to all planktonic bacterial colonizers, we show the assembly of bacterial consortia on a cosmopolitan marine diatom to be highly specific and reproducible. While phytoplankton–bacteria interactions play fundamental roles in marine ecosystems, namely primary production and the carbon cycle, the ecological paradigm behind epiphytic microbiome assembly remains poorly understood. In a replicated and repeated primary colonization experiment, we exposed the axenic diatom Thalassiosira rotula to several complex and compositionally different bacterial inocula derived from phytoplankton species of varying degrees of relatedness to the axenic Thalassiosira host or natural seawater. This revealed a convergent assembly of diverse and compositionally different bacterial inocula, containing up to 2071 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), towards a stable and reproducible core community. Four of these OTUs already accounted for a cumulative abundance of 60%. This core community was dominated by Rhodobacteraceae (30.5%), Alteromonadaceae (27.7%), and Oceanospirillales (18.5%) which was qualitatively and quantitatively most similar to its conspecific original. These findings reject a lottery assembly model of bacterial colonization and suggest selective microhabitat filtering. This is likely due to diatom host traits such as surface properties and different levels of specialization resulting in reciprocal stable-state associations.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 6
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    Successful ecosystem-based management of Antarctic krill should address uncertainties in krill recruitment, behaviour and ecological adaptation (2020)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Nature Publishing Group, 1(28), ISSN: 2662-4435
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-12
    Description: Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, supports a valuable commercial fishery in the Southwest Atlantic, which holds the highest krill densities and is warming rapidly. The krill catch is increasing, is concentrated in a small area, and has shifted seasonally from summer to autumn/winter. The fishery is managed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, with the main goal of safeguarding the large populations of krill-dependent predators. Here we show that, because of the restricted distribution of successfully spawning krill and high inter-annual variability in their biomass, the risk of direct fishery impacts on the krill stock itself might be higher than previously thought. We show how management benefits could be achieved by incorporating uncertainty surrounding key aspects of krill ecology into management decisions, and how knowledge can be improved in these key areas. This improved information may be supplied, in part, by the fishery itself.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 7
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    Circadian regulation of diel vertical migration (DVM) in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and its link with photoperiod and circadian clock activity (2020)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-25
    Description: Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are high latitude pelagic organisms which play a key ecological role in the ecosystem of the Southern Ocean. To synchronize their daily and seasonal life-traits with their highly rhythmic environment, krill rely on the implementation of rhythmic strategies which might be regulated by a circadian clock. A recent analysis of krill circadian transcriptome revealed that their clock might be characterized by an endogenous free-running period of about 12–15 h. Using krill exposed to simulated light/dark cycles (LD) and constant darkness (DD), we investigated the circadian regulation of krill diel vertical migration (DVM) and oxygen consumption, together with daily patterns of clock gene expression in brain and eyestalk tissue. In LD, we found clear 24 h rhythms of DVM and oxygen consumption, suggesting a synchronization with photoperiod. In DD, the DVM rhythm shifted to a 12 h period, while the peak of oxygen consumption displayed a temporal advance during the subjective light phase. This suggested that in free-running conditions the periodicity of these clock-regulated output functions might reflect the shortening of the endogenous period observed at the transcriptional level. Moreover, differences in the expression patterns of clock gene in brain and eyestalk, in LD and DD, suggested the presence in krill of a multiple oscillator system. Evidence of short periodicities in krill behavior and physiology further supports the hypothesis that a short endogenous period might represent a circadian adaption to cope with extreme seasonal photoperiodic variability at high latitude.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 8
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    Antarctic icebergs reorganize ocean circulation during Pleistocene glacials (2021)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature, Nature Publishing Group, 589(7841), pp. 236-241, ISSN: 0028-0836
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-03
    Description: The dominant feature of large-scale mass transfer in the modern ocean is the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). The geometry and vigour of this circulation influences global climate on various timescales. Palaeoceanographic evidence suggests that during glacial periods of the past 1.5 million years the AMOC had markedly different features from today; in the Atlantic basin, deep waters of Southern Ocean origin increased in volume while above them the core of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) shoaled. An absence of evidence on the origin of this phenomenon means that the sequence of events leading to global glacial conditions remains unclear. Here we present multi-proxy evidence showing that northward shifts in Antarctic iceberg melt in the Indian–Atlantic Southern Ocean (0–50°E) systematically preceded deep-water mass reorganizations by one to two thousand years during Pleistocene-era glaciations. With the aid of iceberg-trajectory model experiments, we demonstrate that such a shift in iceberg trajectories during glacial periods can result in a considerable redistribution of freshwater in the Southern Ocean. We suggest that this, in concert with increased sea-ice cover, enabled positive buoyancy anomalies to ‘escape’ into the upper limb of the AMOC, providing a teleconnection between surface Southern Ocean conditions and the formation of NADW. The magnitude and pacing of this mechanism evolved substantially across the mid-Pleistocene transition, and the coeval increase in magnitude of the ‘southern escape’ and deep circulation perturbations implicate this mechanism as a key feedback in the transition to the ‘100-kyr world’, in which glacial–interglacial cycles occur at roughly 100,000-year periods.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 9
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    Vulnerability of the North Water ecosystem to climate change (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 12, pp. 4475, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-02
    Description: High Arctic ecosystems and Indigenous livelihoods are tightly linked and exposed to climate change, yet assessing their sensitivity requires a long-term perspective. Here, we assess the vulnerability of the North Water polynya, a unique seaice ecosystem that sustains the world’s northernmost Inuit communities and several keystone Arctic species. We reconstruct mid-tolate Holocene changes in sea ice, marine primary production, and little auk colony dynamics through multi-proxy analysis of marine and lake sediment cores. Our results suggest a productive ecosystem by 4400–4200 cal yrs b2k coincident with the arrival of the first humans in Greenland. Climate forcing during the late Holocene, leading to periods of polynya instability and marine productivity decline, is strikingly coeval with the human abandonment of Greenland from c. 2200–1200 cal yrs b2k. Our long-term perspective highlights the future decline of the North Water ecosystem, due to climate warming and changing sea-ice conditions, as an important climate change risk.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 10
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    A new global ice sheet reconstruction for the past 80 000 years (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 12(1199), pp. 1-9, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: The evolution of past global ice sheets is highly uncertain. One example is the missing ice problem during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 26 000-19 000 years before present) – an apparent 8-28 m discrepancy between far-field sea level indicators and modelled sea level from ice sheet reconstructions. In the absence of ice sheet reconstructions, researchers often use marine δ 18 O proxy records to infer ice volume prior to the LGM. We present a global ice sheet reconstruction for the past 80 000 years, called PaleoMIST 1.0, constructed inde- pendently of far-field sea level and δ 18 O proxy records. Our reconstruction is compatible with LGM far-field sea-level records without requiring extra ice volume, thus solving the missing ice problem. However, for Marine Isotope Stage 3 (57 000-29 000 years before present) - a pre-LGM period - our reconstruction does not match proxy-based sea level reconstructions, indicating the relationship between marine δ 18 O and sea level may be more complex than assumed.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 11
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    Thermal reaction norms of key metabolic enzymes reflect divergent physiological and behavioral adaptations of closely related amphipod species (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Springer Nature, 11(4562)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-08
    Description: Lake Baikal is inhabited by more than 300 endemic amphipod species, which are narrowly adapted to certain thermal niches due to the high interspecific competition. In contrast, the surrounding freshwater fauna is commonly represented by species with large‐scale distribution and high phenotypic thermal plasticity. Here, we investigated the thermal plasticity of the energy metabolism in two closely‐related endemic amphipod species from Lake Baikal (Eulimnogammarus verrucosus; stenothermal and Eulimnogammarus cyaneus; eurythermal) and the ubiquitous Holarctic amphipod Gammarus lacustris (eurythermal) by exposure to a summer warming scenario (6–23.6 °C; 0.8 °C d−1). In concert with routine metabolic rates, activities of key metabolic enzymes increased strongly with temperature up to 15 °C in E. verrucosus, whereupon they leveled off (except for lactate dehydrogenase). In contrast, exponential increases were seen in E. cyaneus and G. lacustris throughout the thermal trial (Q10‐values: 1.6–3.7). Cytochrome‐c‐oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, and 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase activities were found to be higher in G. lacustris than in E. cyaneus, especially at the highest experimental temperature (23.6 °C). Decreasing gene expression levels revealed some thermal compensation in E. cyaneus but not in G. lacustris. In all species, shifts in enzyme activities favored glycolytic energy generation in the warmth. The congruent temperature‐ dependencies of enzyme activities and routine metabolism in E. verrucosus indicate a strong feedback‐ regulation of enzymatic activities by whole organism responses. The species‐specific thermal reaction norms reflect the different ecological niches, including the spatial distribution, distinct thermal behavior such as temperature‐dependent migration, movement activity, and mating season.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 12
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    Iron and sulfate reduction structure microbial communities in (sub-)Antarctic sediments (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3The ISME Journal, Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 13
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    On the curious case of the recent decade, mid-spring precipitation deficit in central Europe (2020)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Springer Nature, 3(1), pp. 49, ISSN: 2397-3722
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-04
    Description: Central Europe has experienced a severe drought almost every April for the last 14 years consecutively, driven by record high temperatures, low flows, high evapotranspiration, and high soil moisture deficit. The dynamic of this recent and recurrent mid-spring dryness is not yet understood. Here we show that the period 2007â€``2020 was characterized by a reduction of ~50% of the usual April rainfall amount over large areas in central Europe. The precipitation deficit and the record high temperatures were triggered by a multiyear recurrent high-pressure system centered over the North Sea and northern Germany and a decline in the temperature gradient between the Arctic region and the mid-latitudes, which diverted the Atlantic storm tracks northward. From a long-term perspective, the precipitation, temperature, and soil moisture anomalies observed over the last 14 years have reached the highest amplitudes over the observational record. Our study provides an in-depth analysis of the hydroclimate extremes in central Europe over the last 140 years and their atmospheric drivers, enabling us to increase our dynamical understating of long-term dry periods, which is vital to enhance forecasting and mitigation of such events.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 14
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    Observed interannual changes beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf linked to large-scale atmospheric circulation (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 12(1), ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-16
    Description: Floating ice shelves are the Achilles’ heel of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. They limit Antarctica’s contribution to global sea level rise, yet they can be rapidly melted from beneath by a warming ocean. At Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, a decline in sea ice formation may increase basal melt rates and accelerate marine ice sheet mass loss within this century. However, the understanding of this tipping-point behavior largely relies on numerical models. Our new multi-annual observations from five hot-water drilled boreholes through Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf show that since 2015 there has been an intensification of the density-driven ice shelf cavity-wide circulation in response to reinforced wind-driven sea ice formation in the Ronne polynya. Enhanced southerly winds over Ronne Ice Shelf coincide with westward displacements of the Amundsen Sea Low position, connecting the cavity circulation with changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns as a new aspect of the atmosphere-ocean-ice shelf system.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 15
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    Year-round population dynamics of Limacina spp. early stages in a high-Arctic fjord (Adventfjorden, Svalbard) (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Polar Biology, Springer Nature, 44(8), pp. 1605-1618, ISSN: 0722-4060
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-27
    Description: The thecosome pteropods Limacina helicina and L. retroversa are important contributors to the zooplankton community in high-latitude environments but little is known about their distribution and life cycle under polar conditions. We collected the early life stages (〈 1 mm) of the thecosome population in 2012 and 2013 at a bi-weekly to monthly resolution in fjord highly influenced by Arctic waters as well as Atlantic inflows (Adventfjorden, Svalbard, 78°N), together with environmental parameters. L. retroversa only occurred episodically, in association with the inflow of Atlantic water, with low numbers and random size distributions. This suggests that this boreal species does not fulfill its life cycle in Adventfjorden. In contrast, young specimens of L. helicina were present during the entire study. Veligers hatched in late summer/autumn and measured 0.14 mm on average. They grew with rates of 0.0006 mm day− 1 over the 10–11 months of development. Only thereafter, growth accelerated by one order of magnitude and maximal rates were reached in autumn (0.0077 mm day− 1). Our results indicate that L. helicina reaches a size of 1 mm after approximately 1.5 years in Adventfjorden. We therefore suggest that L. helicina overwinters the first year as a small juvenile and that it needs at least 2 years to reach an adult size of 5 mm in Adventfjorden. This reveals an complex and delicate aspect of the life-cycle of L. helicina and further research is needed to determine if it makes the population especially vulnerable towards climate changes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 16
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    Energetic, antioxidant, inflammatory and cell death responses in the red muscle of thermally stressed Sparus aurata (2020)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Comparative Physiology B, Springer Nature, ISSN: 0174-1578
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-21
    Description: For a comprehensive understanding of fish responses to increasing thermal stress in marine environments, we investigated tissue energetics, antioxidant levels, inflammatory and cell death responses in Sparus aurata (gilthead seabream) red muscle during exposure to elevated temperatures (24 °C, 26 °C, 30 °C) compared to the control temperature of 18 °C. Energetic aspects were assessed by determining lactate, glucose and lipids levels in blood plasma, ATP, ADP and AMP levels, and AMPK phosphorylation as an indicator of regulatory changes in energy metabolism, in tissue extracts. Oxidative defence was assessed by determining superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase maximum activities. Moreover, xanthine levels were determined as an indicator of purine conversion to xanthine and associated ROS production. In the context of inflammatory response and cell death due to oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IkBα phosphorylation, IL-6 and TNFα) levels, and LC3 II/I ratio and SQSTM1/p62 as indicators of autophagic-lysosomal pathway were also determined. A recovery in the efficacy of ATP production after a marked decrease during the 1st day of exposure to 24 °C is observed. This biphasic pattern is paralleled by antioxidant enzymes’ activities and inflammatory and autophagy responses, indicating a close correlation between ATP turnover and stress responses, which may benefit tissue function and survival. However, exposure beyond 24 °C caused tissue’s antioxidant capacity loss, triggering the inflammatory and cell death response, lead-ing to increased fish mortality. The results of the present study set the thermal limits of the gilthead seabream at 22–24 °C and establish the used cellular and metabolic indicators as tools for the definition of the extreme thermal limits in marine organisms.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 17
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    Rebuilding marine life (2020)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature, Springer Nature, 580(7801), pp. 39-51, ISSN: 0028-0836
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-25
    Description: Sustainable Development Goal 14 of the United Nations aims to “conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development”. Achieving this goal will require rebuilding the marine life-support systems that deliver the many benefits that society receives from a healthy ocean. Here we document the recovery of marine populations, habitats and ecosystems following past conservation interventions. Recovery rates across studies suggest that substantial recovery of the abundance, structure and function of marine life could be achieved by 2050, if major pressures—including climate change—are mitigated. Rebuilding marine life represents a doable Grand Challenge for humanity, an ethical obligation and a smart economic objective to achieve a sustainable future.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 18
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    Mediterranean heat injection to the North Atlantic delayed the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciations (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 2(1), ISSN: 2662-4435
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-16
    Description: The intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciations at the end of the Pliocene epoch marks one of the most substantial climatic shifts of the Cenozoic. Despite global cooling, sea surface temperatures in the high latitude North Atlantic Ocean rose between 2.9–2.7 million years ago. Here we present sedimentary geochemical proxy data from the Gulf of Cadiz to reconstruct the variability of Mediterranean Outflow Water, an important heat source to the North Atlantic. We find evidence for enhanced production of Mediterranean Outflow from the mid-Pliocene to the late Pliocene which we infer could have driven a sub-surface heat channel into the high-latitude North Atlantic. We then use Earth System Models to constrain the impact of enhanced Mediterranean Outflow production on the northward heat transport in the North Atlantic. In accord with the proxy data, the numerical model results support the formation of a sub-surface channel that pumped heat from the subtropics into the high latitude North Atlantic. We further suggest that this mechanism could have delayed ice sheet growth at the end of the Pliocene.
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  • 19
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    Earthquake location in tectonic structures of the Alpine Chain: the case of the Constance Lake (Central Europe) seismic sequence (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-22
    Description: A set of four magnitude Ml≥3.0 earthquakes including the magnitude Ml=3.7 mainshock of the seismic sequence hitting the Lake Constance, Southern Germany, area in July–August 2019 was studied by means of bulletin and waveform data collected from 86 seismic stations of the Central Europe-Alpine region. The frst single-event locations obtained using a uniform 1-D velocity model, and both fxed and free depths, showed residuals of the order of up±2.0 s, systematically afecting stations located in diferent areas of the study region. Namely, German stations to the northeast of the epicenters and French stations to the west exhibit negative residuals, while Italian stations located to the southeast are characterized by similarly large positive residuals. As a consequence, the epicentral coordinates were afected by a signifcant bias of the order of 4–5 km to the NNE. The locations were repeated applying a method that uses diferent velocity models for three groups of stations situated in diferent geological environments, obtaining more accurate locations. Moreover, the application of two methods of relative locations and joint hypocentral determination, without improving the absolute location of the master event, has shown that the sources of the four considered events are separated by distances of the order of one km both in horizontal coordinates and in depths. A particular attention has been paid to the geographical positions of the seismic stations used in the locations and their relationship with the known crustal features, such as the Moho depth and velocity anomalies in the studied region. Signifcant correlations between the observed travel time residuals and the crustal structure were obtained.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1163–1175
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 20
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    Deep carbon degassing in the Matese massif chain (Southern Italy) inferred by geochemical and isotopic data (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-22
    Description: The Italian Apennines are among the most important sources of freshwater for several Italian regions. With evidences of deep CO2-rich fluids intruding into aquifers in the nearby central-southern Apennines, a thorough investigation into the geochemistry of groundwater became critical to ensure the water quality in the area. Here, we show the main hydrogeochemical processes occurring in the Matese Massif (MM) aquifer through the investigation of 98 water samples collected from springs and water wells. All waters were classified as HCO3 type with Ca dominance (from 50% up to 97%) and variable amount of Mg (from 1% up to 49%). A multivariate statistical approach through the application of the factor analysis (FA) highlighted three main hydrogeochemical processes: (i) water-carbonate rock interactions mostly enhanced in peripheral areas of the MM by CO2 deep degassing; (ii) addition of NaCl-rich components linked to recharging process and to water mixing processes of the groundwater with a thermal component relatively rich in Cl, Na, and CO2; (iii) anthropogenic activities influencing groundwater composition at the foothills of MM. Furthermore, the first detailed TDIC, pCO2, and δ13C-TDIC distribution maps of the MM area have been created, which track chemical and isotopic anomalies in several peripheral areas (Pratella, Ailano, and Telese) throughout the region. These maps systematically highlight that the greater the amount of dissolved carbon occurs the heavier the C isotope enrichment, especially in the peripheral areas. Conversely, spring waters emerging at higher altitudes within MM are only slightly mineralized and associated with δ13C-TDIC values mainly characterized by recharging processes with the addition of biogenic carbon during the infiltration process through the soil.
    Description: Published
    Description: 46614–46626
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: CO2 degassing; Factor analysis; Mineral springs; Total dissolved inorganic carbon; δ13C-TDIC ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    High geothermal heat flow beneath Thwaites Glacier in West Antarctica inferred from aeromagnetic data (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 2(162), pp. 1-6
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-31
    Description: Geothermal heat flow in the polar regions plays a crucial role in understanding ice-sheet dynamics and predictions of sea level rise. Continental-scale indirect estimates often have a low spatial resolution and yield largest discrepancies in West Antarctica. Here we analyse geophysical data to estimate geothermal heat flow in the Amundsen Sea Sector of West Antarctica. With Curie depth analysis based on a new magnetic anomaly grid compilation, we reveal variations in lithospheric thermal gradients. We show that the rapidly retreating Thwaites and Pope glaciers in particular are underlain by areas of largely elevated geothermal heat flow, which relates to the tectonic and magmatic history of the West Antarctic Rift System in this region. Our results imply that the behavior of this vulnerable sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is strongly coupled to the dynamics of the underlying lithosphere.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Interglacial Antarctic–Southern Ocean climate decoupling due to moisture source area shifts (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Geoscience, Springer Nature, ISSN: 1752-0894
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-15
    Description: Succession of cold glacials and warm interglacials during the Quaternary results from large global climate responses to variable orbital configurations, accompanied by fluctuating greenhouse gas concentrations. Despite the influences of sea ice and atmospheric and ocean circulations in the Southern Ocean on atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate, past changes in this region remain poorly documented. Here, we present the 800 ka deuterium excess record from the East Antarctica EPICA Dome C ice core, tracking sea surface temperature in evaporative regions of the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean from which moisture precipitated in East Antarctica is derived. We find that low obliquity leads to surface warming in evaporative moisture source regions during each glacial inception, although this relative temperature increase is counterbalanced by global cooling during glacial maxima. Links between the two regions during interglacials depends on the existence of a temperature maximum at the interglacial onset. In its absence, temperature maxima in the evaporative moisture source regions and in East Antarctica were synchronous. For the other interglacials, temperature maxima in the source areas lag early local temperature maxima by several thousand years, probably because of a change in the position of the evaporative source areas.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Selective feeding in Southern Ocean key grazers—diet composition of krill and salps (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Biology, Springer Nature, 4(1), ISSN: 2399-3642
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-15
    Description: Over the past decades, two key grazers in the Southern Ocean (SO), krill and salps, have experienced drastic changes in their distribution and abundance, leading to increasing overlap of their habitats. Both species occupy different ecological niches and long-term shifts in their distributions are expected to have cascading effects on the SO ecosystem. However, studies directly comparing krill and salps are lacking. Here, we provide a direct comparison of the diet and fecal pellet composition of krill and salps using 18S metabarcoding and fatty acid markers. Neither species’ diet reflected the composition of the plankton community, suggesting that in contrast to the accepted paradigm, not only krill but also salps are selective feeders. Moreover, we found that krill and salps had broadly similar diets, potentially enhancing the competition between both species. This could be augmented by salps’ ability to rapidly reproduce in favorable conditions, posing further risks to krill populations.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Bacterial communities in temperate and polar coastal sands are seasonally stable (2021)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3ISME Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 1(1), pp. 1-11
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-20
    Description: Coastal sands are biocatalytic filters for dissolved and particulate organic matter of marine and terrestrial origin, thus, acting as centers of organic matter transformation. At high temporal resolution, we accessed the variability of benthic bacterial communities over two annual cycles at Helgoland (North Sea), and compared it with seasonality of communities in Isfjorden (Svalbard, 78°N) sediments, where primary production does not occur during winter. Benthic community structure remained stable in both, temperate and polar sediments on the level of cell counts and 16S rRNA-based taxonomy. Actinobacteriota of uncultured Actinomarinales and Microtrichales were a major group, with 8 ± 1% of total reads (Helgoland) and 31 ± 6% (Svalbard). Their high activity (frequency of dividing cells 28%) and in situ cell numbers of 〉10% of total microbes in Svalbard sediments, suggest Actinomarinales and Microtrichales as key heterotrophs for carbon mineralization. Even though Helgoland and Svalbard sampling sites showed no phytodetritus-driven changes of the benthic bacterial community structure, they harbored significantly different communities (p 〈 0.0001, r = 0.963). The temporal stability of benthic bacterial communities is in stark contrast to the dynamic succession typical of coastal waters, suggesting that pelagic and benthic bacterial communities respond to phytoplankton productivity very differently.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 25
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    Existence of Net Electric Charges on Stars (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 43-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] (1) Bailey suggests two explanations of how the solar charge can be produced and maintained. The first derives from the assumption that neutrinos carry a positive charge in the range between 10~15 and 10-19 times the electron charge. Now, since the conductivity of the solar material is of the order ...
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    Palæomagnetic Evidence Relevant to a Change in the Earth's Radius (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 45-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] During the Permian period, the Earth's magnetic field was remarkably steady. Palaeomagnetic studies of western European rocks of this age have a high measure of internal consistency, and these western European data, together with the results from a recent palaeomagnetic study by Gusev5 of 1,600 ...
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    Deformation of Red Cell Shape induced by Vipera palestinae Venom in vivo (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 320-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1. In vivo deformations of erythroeytes of anaesthetized rabbits after intramuscular injection of Vipera palestinae venom Fig. 2. In vivo deformations of erythrocytes of unanaesthetized rats after intramuscular injection of Vipera palestinae venom Sublethal and lethal doses of venom were ...
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    Tyrosyluria in Human Subjects (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 323-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We find this observation particularly interesting, since we believe that other cases of tyrosyluria, detectable by chromatographic methods though probably mostly within the normal range of less-specific analyses, occur frequently in ill subjects. We have previously described an increased excretion ...
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    Antibodies against Autologous Brain in Rats with Allergic Encephalomyelitis (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 322-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Paterson7 has recently shown that allergic en cephalomyelitis may be transferred in rats using lymph node cells from donors injected with nervous tissue-adjuvant. In this work, complement-fixing anti-brain antibodies appeared in the sera of many recipients, whether or not they developed allergic ...
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    Strontium-90 in Human Plasma (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 324-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Blood Products Laboratory, Lister Institute, provided us with 70 bottles containing about 120 litres of pooled plasma unfit for transfusion because of bacterial contamination. This had been prepared from whole blood collected between Novem ber 1958 and March 1959, except for about 2 litres ...
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    Labelling of Organic Compounds by Mercury-photosensitized Reaction with Tritium Gas (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 54-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In order to increase the exchange-rate and to reduce the amount of tritium required, several techniques have been developed which employ an external energy source for promoting the labelling process : electrical discharges2'5, y-rays6, microwaves5 have been used. Recently7 the tritiation of two ...
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    A ‘Dry’ Mounting Autoradiographic Technique for the Localization of Water-soluble Compounds (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 55-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In an attempt to define the metabolic pathway of labelled precursors of deoxyribonucleic acid using either phosphorus-32 or tritium compounds, it became apparent that the soluble intermediates were, in fact, readily lost during the conventional autoradiographic procedures. The use of vacuum drying, ...
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    Use of Gibberellin to hasten Germination of Solanum Seed (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 327-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In preliminary tests, gibberellin concentrations of up to 100 p.p.m. had little effect on breaking dormancy of recently harvested Solanum seed, but germination was stimulated by concentrations of 1,000-4,000 p.p.m. To confirm this result, dry seeds of several Solanum species and species hybrids ...
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    Anionic Permeability of the Inhibitory Postsynaptic Membrane of Motoneurones (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 65-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1. The ions specified in the left column are arranged in order of hydrated ion size (derived from limiting ion conductances (ref. 2) and expressed relative to K+ = 1-00). The black bands indicate ions that are effective in changing the inhibitory postsynaptic potential into a depolarizing ...
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    Experimental Pre-Thrombotic State of an Organism resulting from the Dysfunction of the Physiological Anticoagulating System induced by an Atherogenic Diet (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 67-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To verify this supposition, 100 adult male rats were transferred from a natural diet to that of Wilgram7,8, supplemented with vitamin E in the form of an oily preparation from natural sources. Rats of the same age receiving a natural laboratory diet served as control. The functional state of the ...
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    Immunological Cross-Reactions between Salk ‘Altered’ Monkey Heart Cells and Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 70-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Antisera were prepared in rabbits as described in a previous communication1. The sera were lyophilized immediately after preparation and used without inactivation, unless otherwise specified. The methods of incubation and analysis were identical to those described previously1. Table l. EFFECT OF ...
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    Promotion of Cucumber Hypocotyl Growth by Two New Gibberellins (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 74-74 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Cucumber seeds were germinated on moist filter paper at 25 C, in darkness. After 48 hr. the seed-coat was removed from germinated seeds and they were transplanted in dishes of 1 per cent water agar. The gibberellin was applied in 2-pd. drops of ethanol to the cotyledons. After 2 (Table 1) or 3 ...
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    Biochemical Classification of Yeasts (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 76-76 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] I advocated developing a classification of yeasts based mainly, not, as they claim, "exclusively", on the biochemistry of yeasts. Roberts and Thorne also imply that I hold the view that because morphological differences reflect chemical ones, morphology is neither interesting nor important. This ...
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    Chelating Agents for Selective Growth of Bacteria (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 78-79 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It has been found that, by suitable control of the concentration of magnesium ions, liquid and solid media can be devised for selection of eoagulase-positive staphylococci in presence of coagulase-negative strains and of many commensal organisms. By calculation from the controlled pH and from the ...
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    Determination of the Concentration of Myxoviruses and of Some Specific Antisera, based on Neuraminidase Activity (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 334-336 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We have devised a method for determination of myxovirus concentrations, based on the enzymic activity of the virus particles. The action of the virus enzyme-its ability to destroy the haemagglutination-inhibitory capacity of some mucoproteins or to elute the virus from red blood cells-always leads ...
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    Forthcoming Events (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 337-337 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] (Meetings marked with an asterisk * are open to the public) Monday, January 30 UNIVERSITY OF LONDON (in the Assembly Hall, Institute of Educa tion, Malet Street, London, W.C.I), at 5.15 p.m.-Dr. P. F. R Ven-ables: "The Problems of Isolation in Technical Education".* UNIVERSITY OF LONDON ...
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    Sampling of Sub-micron Particles for Electron Microscopy (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 336-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1. Autoradiograph of thermal precipitator sample of Aitken nuclei, labelled with thorium B, collected on carbon-coated electron microscope grid. (x 175) Fig. 2. Autoradiograph of simultaneous sample collected on carbon-coated coverslip. (x 175) The technique finally used to test the ...
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    Appointments Vacant (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 337-338 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] APPLICATIONS are invited for the following appointments on or before the dates mentioned: BIOCHEMIST (Principal grade), to take charge of the Biochemical Department of the Group Laboratory, Lakin Road, Warwick-The Group Secretary, South Warwickshire Hospital Group, 50 Holly Walk, Leamington Spa ...
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    Sea Birds (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1139-1139 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THIS is a sumptuous volume, beautifully produced, and its 255 photographs, 15 of which are in colour, are fine examples of the art of the camera. Charles Vaucher, their author, is to be congratulated on them. They include close-up bird portraits, snapshots of birds on the wing, some seascapes, ...
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    Broadcasting and Television in Education (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 169-171 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE presidential address entitled "Science Broadcasting in Sound and Television" delivered by Mr. A. B. Oldfield Davies to the Assembly of Corresponding Societies at the Cardiff meeting of the British Association was certainly realistic, if not also somewhat pessimistic, as to the contribution of ...
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    Low-Temperature Forms of Ice as Studied by X-Ray Diffraction (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1144-1148 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN recent years a number of investigators have studied the low-temperature, low-pressure structures of ice, using such techniques as thermal analysis (Pryde and Jones1), electron diffraction (K nig2), and X-ray diffraction (Barnes3). A comprehensive treatment of the literature is given by Blackman ...
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    Dr. Gertrude L. Elles, M.B.E. (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1152-1152 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE doyen of women geologists, Dr. Gertrude L. Elles, emeritus reader in the University of Cambridge and honorary Fellow of Newnham College, died at Helensburgh on November 18, in her eighty-ninth year. She entered Newnham as a scholar in 1891 and remained, with few interruptions, resident in ...
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    Educational Film Centre, Ltd. (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1154-1154 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A NEW organization, the Educational Film Centre, Ltd., has recently been founded. Its directors are Maurice Goldsmith, formerly science editor at Unesco, John Halas and Joy Batchelor, animation film producers, and Dr. Koger Man veil, formerly director of the British Film Academy. The objects of the ...
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    Christianity and Scientific Progress (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 173-174 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] PROF. COULSON'S Beckly Social Service Lecture is addressed primarily to those who share his Christian faith, for, in accordance with the purpose for which the Lecture was instituted, he seeks to show why the Christian, as such, should be concerned with technology as well as with science, the ...
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    A Possible Specific Chromosome Abnormality in Human Chronic Myeloid Leukæmia (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1165-1166 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THREE reports have been published which indicate that in some cases of acute leukaemia in man there are abnormalities of both number and morphology of the chromosomes in the leukaemic cells1"3. However, no consistent abnormality has yet been found which can be linked to a specific cytological type ...
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    Blue Wildebeest and the Ætiological Agent of Bovine Malignant Catarrhal Fever (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1167-1169 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] MALIGNANT catarrhal fever of cattle is a transmissible disease of world-wide distribution, sporadic occurrence and very high mortality1-3 ; it is not contagious1'2'4 and fomites are not infectious on parenteral inoculation1. The yetiological agent is generally held to be a virus although, to our ...
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    Bode's Law and the Solar System (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1175-1176 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN a recent communication1 a model was proposed for the formation of the solar system. It was suggested that tides produced on the Sun by a passing star caused portions of the solar material to break away at regular intervals of time, the intervals being governed by the natural ...
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    The Biospecies in Entomology (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1172-1173 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] AT a recent joint discussion of the Linnean Society and the Systematics Association on the subject of the sub-species, it was quite evident that there is still no basic agreement between biologists on the nature of the species itself. Thus there can be little hope of defining the sub-species to the ...
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    Fatty Acids and Adhesion of Electrodeposited Metals (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1183-1183 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The adhesion was measured in the manner described by Williams and Hammond1, with the test-pieces made of copper. The ends of the specimens to be plated were polished to 1m diamond powder, electropolished in 50 per cent phosphoric acid and treated to have a monolayer of the fatty acid under test2. ...
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    Fatigue Straining of Copper Whisker (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1183-1184 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] When plastic deformation occurs it is by 'kinking', as has been described by previous workers2 with other materials. The 'kink' formed is a bend of radius of curvature of the order of the thickness of the whisker ; it is produced suddenly, with release of the elastic strain in the rest of the ...
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    Hydrogen Diffusion in Water-accelerated Rolling Surface Fatigue (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1182-1183 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The preliminary experiments described provide support for the hypothesis that, in the presence of water, hydrogen penetrates into the material subject to surface fatigue. The decrease in activity with time can be ascribed to escape of tritium from the material. The phenomenon is now being ...
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    Paper Chromatography and Paper Electrorheophoresis of Tuberculoproteins (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1191-1192 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Franklin et al.3 claimed to have made separations of sera into a great number of fractions by means of two-dimensional paper chromatography. Conditions and results of these procedures provoked severe criticism. Though inclined to be sceptical I, too, agreed with E. and M. Lederer1 in their opinion ...
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    Isolation of Hyaluronate from Human Synovial Fluid by Zone Electrophoresis (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1194-1195 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the present work the use of zone electrophoresis permitted hyaluronate to be isolated from small quantities of viscous fluid and recovered for analysis. A weighed amount (about 1 gm.) of synovial fluid from apparently normal knee joints of deceased or living subjects was diluted to 5 gm. with a ...
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    Inhibitor of the Cytochrome Oxidase of Unfertilized Sea Urchin Eggs (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1195-1196 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We wish to report here some further experiments aimed mainly at obtaining the inhibitor in a purified form and at finding out about its chemical nature and its mode of action. Fig. 1 illustrates a typical experiment showing that the inhibitor (prepared as described by Maggio and Monroy1) ...
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    Engineering Science at Oxford (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 185-185 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Prof. A. Thom PROF. A. THOM is to retire from the chair of engineering science at the University of Oxford, which he has held since 1945. Prof. Thorn is an engineer with an aeronautical bias, who worked in the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, during the whole of the Second World War, ...
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    Separation of Reticulocytes by means of Multi-Layer Centrifugation (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1201-1202 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We succeeded in separating reticulocytes by means of a multi-layer centrifugation with a gum acacia solution. The separating procedures are similar to those of leucocytes and bone marrow cells6,7 reported previously. The technique depends on the difference in densities between reticulocytes and ...
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    Education and Industry (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 185-186 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN an article that appeared in a recent issue of ESSO Magazine (9, No. 4, Autumn, 1960), Sir Hugh Beaver suggests that people in Great Britain can no longer afford to argue about education for management, and that it is no longer realistic to call on "industry to exercise the greatest care in ...
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    Mental Health (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 186-186 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] DURING 1959-60 the major concern of the National Association for Mental Health has been with the promotion of World Mental Health Year in the United Kingdom and with preparations for the coming of the Mental Health Act. These are described in the fourteenth annual report (Pp. 55. London: National ...
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    Sex Hormones as a Possible Factor influencing the Level of Parasitization in Frogs (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1207-1208 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Table 1. LEVELS OP PARASITIZATION OF MALE AND FEMALE FROGS DURING AND OUTSIDE THE BREEDING SEASON Species of parasite Percentage of frogs parasitized during January and February Percentage of frogs parasitized during April and May Males Females Males Females Trematodes Polystoma ...
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    Mechanism of Change in Permeability in Living Membranes (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1209-1210 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Agents such as local anaesthetics, designated as 'stabilizers', decrease the permeability of living membranes or depress their ability to undergo the rapid increase in permeability during excitation1-6. They interact with monolayers of lipoidal molecules (for example, stearic acid) and thereby add ...
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    Chemicals and Insects (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1059-1060 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THIS volume is the second in a series projected by the former Chemical-Biological Co-ordination Center, having as its object the publication of ?a manual of test methods dealing with the effects of chemicals on insects?. The first volume has already been reviewed in Nature (183, 352 ; 1959). The ...
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    [Book Reviews] (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1061-1061 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ONE is conscious at the present time of the feedback from research and discovery to the matter and methods of elementary instruction, or, more accurately perhaps, of the need for such a cycle. Physicists, for example, while complaining that the younger generation is ill-versed in the principles ...
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    Origin of the Pacific Basin: A Meteorite Impact Hypothesis (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1064-1067 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] VERY little is known about the processes that have fashioned the major features of the Earth's surface. Of the many problems unsolved, perhaps one of the most intriguing of all is that of the origin of the Pacific Basin. It is known that the lighter crustal layers, which form the continental land ...
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    Electrical Engineering at Edinburgh : Prof. W. E. J. Farvis (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1072-1072 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] MR. FARVIS, senior lecturer in applied electricity and head of the postgraduate school of electronics and radio in the University of Edinburgh, has been appointed to the newly established chair of electrical engineering. He graduated B.Sc. from the University of Bristol in 1936, with first-class ...
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    Jubilee Celebrations in Berlin (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1073-1073 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE Humboldt University of Berlin celebrated its 150th Anniversary together with the Charite" Hospital, the 250th Anniversary of which ran concurrently. Symposia, conferences, discussions and exhibitions were offered to participants by the various faculties, including those of Medicine, Philosophy, ...
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    Effects of Maleic Hydrazide on Rust Fungi (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 187-188 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SOME interesting differential effects of maleic hydrazide on the growth of leaf and stem rusts of wheat are reported by D. J. Samborski et al. (Canad. J. Bot.9 38, 1: 1960). The effect of this substance was investigated, using intact plants supplied with maleic hydrazide through the roots, detached ...
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    Some Water-mites from Seepage Water (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1074-1075 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] COLLECTIONS by T. Gledhill from one locality yielded seven species of water-mites, each from a different family ; four species are new to Britain and a fifth has previously been recorded from Ireland. The collections were made in seewage-water and are outlined in the August issue of the Journal of ...
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    City of Liverpool College of Technology: New Science Block (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1076-1077 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR David Eccles, Minister of Education, opened the first instalment of the new City of Liverpool College of Technology on September 30,1960. The new building provides accommodation for the Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Physics and Mathematics, and Pharmacy. The building (Fig. 1) has been ...
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    Control of Infections (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1082-1082 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] DUE mainly to vaccination, fewer persons now suffer or die from such diseases as diphtheria, poliomyelitis and tuberculosis. If immunization programmes using the best available vaccines were more generally applied, the risk of infection from certain diseases could still further be reduced. Some of ...
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    Theories of Shape Discrimination in Octopus (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1090-1092 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SUTHERLAND, in a recent article1, offers an evaluation of my theory of the relation of the plexiform zone in the octopus to its shape discriminatory capacity2. A critique is made both on general grounds of plausibility and in relation to specific points of experimental evidence. Dr. Sutherland ...
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    Line Breadths in the Ammonia Spectrum (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1097-1098 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] There is evidence that A v varies with rotational state r"K.^ \ i IM - } where , ..,..., \J(J + l)J n has the value2 of either 2 or 3. If A v is normalized to the (3,3) line, as seems to be the present practice, then f(J,K) in equation (1) should be multiplied by (2) The factor in equation 1 ...
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    Magnetic Resonance of Protons in Glasses (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1103-1104 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sodium metaphosphate and potassium metaphos-phate can be prepared by heating the sodium and potassium dihydrogen phosphates respectively. The metaphosphates are produced from their respective acid salts by dehydration processes ; hence to prepare .those compounds containing water it is only ...
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    Research in Parasitology (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 192-193 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE autumn meeting of the Parasitology Group of the Institute of Biology was held in the Zoology Department of Birkbeck College, London, on October 28. The meeting was very well attended and was devoted to five papers under the general title "Recent Advances in Fields of Parasitological Research". ...
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    Eleventh General Conference of Weights and Measures (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 195-196 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE eleventh General Conference of Weights and X Measures was held in Paris during October 11-20 under the chairmanship of M. Barrillon, president of the Academy of Sciences. Thirty-two States were represented at the Conference, which was held at 19 Avenue Kleber, in the former Hotel Majestic now ...
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    Domestic Food Consumption and Expenditure in Britain (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 197-197 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE recently issued annual report of the National Food Survey Committee for 1958 is the ninth in the series of surveys, begun in 1950, of food consumption and expenditure on food in private households in the United Kingdom*. During 1958, 8,611 records were compiled from 827 polling districts in ...
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    Reserpine Analogues (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1108-1109 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] On the basis of these considerations we have synthesized a number of compounds the structure of which is more or less similar to that of reserpine, in the hope that these would have useful medicinal properties. These compounds fall into two classes : -indolylethylamine derivatives, having the ...
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    A New Cyclic Dipeptide from Peptone (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1112-1112 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Purification was effected by recrystallization from a benzenepetroleum ether mixture. The crystals, purified as colourless needles, melted at 159.5 and was readily soluble in alcohols, chloroform and benzene and insoluble in water, ether and hydrocarbons. Carbonhydrogen and nitrogen analysis and ...
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    Incorporation of Amino-Acids labelled with Carbon-14 in Nerve Proteins during Activity and Recovery (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1119-1120 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In each experiment, 4-6 desheathed sciatic nerves (800-1,600 mgm. of nerve) from the South American frog Callyptocephalus gaily were immersed for 1 hr. in 10 c.c. of Ringer solution containing 20-40 μc. of a mixture of amino-acids labelled with carbon-14 (hydrolys-ate of Chlorella protein). Then ...
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    Thalassæmia in a Tibetan discovered during a Hæmoglobin Survey among the Sherpas (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1121-1122 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The blood samples were collected into sterile vacuum tubes (Venules, Winthrop Laboratories, Ltd.), which were then sealed with adhesive wax (Okeria Wax 1350/2, Astor Boisselier and Lawrence, Ltd.). The sealed tubes were stored on ice in large wide-mouthed vacuum flasks for protection from cold at ...
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    Phenylketonuria in Infant Monkeys (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1124-1125 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Four infant macaques born in this laboratory were separated from their mothers at birth and were given a high phenylalanine milk diet from the second day of life. Whole cows milk or powdered milk formula containing 0-25 gm. l-phenylalanine per 100 ml. in final dilution was fed for the first two ...
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    Reactions of Soil Nematodes to Coal-Tar Dyes (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1128-1129 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Class I (absorption reaction), observed in many genera of the Enoplida, typically involves entry of the dye first at the anterior and then almost simultaneously at the posterior end of the nematode, with staining progressing toward the centre. Minimum solution thresholds of this reaction range from ...
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    A Tick infesting the Nostrils of Man (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1131-1132 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It is of interest to note that these highly experienced entomologists were never aware of the ticks crawling across their faces or entering their nostrils. The first indication of infestation was tenderness of the nose when touched or when blown. Equally interesting was the absence of irritation or ...
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    Radial Particle Displacements in Poiseuille Flow of Suspensions (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 209-210 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] WE have observed that macroscopic spherical VV particles collect into a thin, annular region when an initially uniform dilute suspension is passed in laminar flow through a straight tube. The development of the effect is proportional to the length I of the tube, to the mean velocity V of flow and ...
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    A Spectrometer for the Far Infra-red (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 212-212 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The instrument is intrinsically simple. A heated nichrome coil and a Fresnel zone plate are mounted on opposite ends of a 4-m. /-beam so that the zone plate produces a series of monochromatic images of the source disposed along the axis of the instrument. A bolometer detector mounted on a carriage ...
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    Germination of Bacterial Spores by Long-Chain Alkyl Amines (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1132-1134 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Germinative changes in spores brought about by non-metabolites has been called 'chemical germination' in contradistinction to 'physiological germination'2'5 effected by amino-acids and ribosides, etc. Germinative changes in spores accompanied by loss of viability (loss of ability to form colonies ...
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    Standard Unit of Pressure in Vacuum Physics (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1017-1017 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Radiation-induced Carboxylation of Organic Compounds : Formation and Reactions of the Carboxyl Radical Ion (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1019-1020 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It has been found also that under these conditions the yields of molecular hydrogen were low when carbon dioxide or bicarbonate was present in the solution. From work on these reactions under different pH. conditions, one is led to the conclusion that the negatively charged polarons (H2O)-, formed ...
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    Some Experiments on Rice's Blue Material : Colours on Jupiter (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1023-1023 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Since this observation conflicts with the results of extensive experiments carried out earlier by Rice and Freamo2, we repeated the work of Clarke and McTurk ; but, in spite of intensive effort, we have been unable to produce the blue material from ammonia. We realize, of course, that the negative ...
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    Synthesis of Thiamine and Folic Acid by Nocardia rhodnii , the Micro-symbiont of Rhodnius prolixus (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1027-1028 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The two experiments described here attempt to throw further light on the synthesis of folic acid and thiamine by N. rhodnii and Rhodnius. Techniques involving the injection of vitamins into insect or mammalian host were avoided. In the first experiment, the vitamins were fed artificially to sterile ...
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    Protein and Lipid Content of Chlorella vulgaris in Relation to Light (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1031-1032 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A strain of Chlorella vulgaris which has been maintained in this laboratory since 1938 was cultured in an inorganic medium consisting of potassium nitrate, 0025 M ; crystalline magnesium sulphate, 002 M ; potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0018 M ; crystalline ferrous sulphate, 000005 M ; and ...
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    Elevated Serum Insulin associated with Leucine-induced Hypoglycæmia (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1036-1037 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Payne and Woolf4 reported a high blood-level of insulin-like activity following administration of leucine when compared to a fasting-level obtained a few days previously. Drs. Renold and Steinke of Boston and Drs. Yalow and Berson of New York have kindly determined for us the levels of insulin-like ...
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    X-ray Diffraction Study of Acellular Teleost Bone (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1037-1038 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1. Operculum of the zebra fish (Pterois volitans), a typical acellular bone form. Note the absence of enclosed osteocytes. (x 450) A taxonomic classification of the distribution of these two bone tissue types in fish is under way. Preliminary observations by Moss4 indicate that the ...
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    Juvenile Hormone Activity in Micro-organisms and Plants (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1041-1042 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] All these active extracts prevented certain tissues of young insects from assuming their adult aspect, but did not interfere with growth itself. In pup of Lepidoptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera, local application of active extracts caused the pupal epidermal cells to lay down a second pupal cuticle ...
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    Variations in Scopoletin in Leaves in Relation to Chloride Treatment of Tobacco (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1044-1045 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Scopoletin, as well as being a normal constituent of tobacco leaves, has been found to increase markedly in the case of attack by the tomato spotted wilt virus3 and to be present in higher concentration in differentiating than in non-differentiating tobacco tissue4. Scopoletin also acts as an ...
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    Diffusion of Ions in Soils (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 188 (1960), S. 1048-1049 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The value of the coefficient of diffusion (D) from Fick's law can be obtained for the system shown in Fig. 1, where at the time when the two sections of soil are placed in contact the amount of the ion under investigation is equal in the two halves, but in one a proportion consists of a radioactive ...
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