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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (182)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (182)
  • 1965-1969  (182)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1965  (182)
Collection
Publisher
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (182)
Years
  • 1965-1969  (182)
  • 1960-1964
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: At or shortly prior to the separation of the cuticle and the epidermis a cuticular layer appears to be added to the inner surface of the old cuticle. The term interzone cuticle is applied to this layer. The interzone cuticle appears to give rise to the ecdysial membrane.Ecdysial membranes are characterized by the fact that they (1) vary in position with respect to the moulting fluid and old cuticle, (2) are generally quite thin, transparent, delicate membranes, (3) contain chitin, (4) vary in their resistance to the action of the moulting fluid, and (5) generally have the same stainng properties as the subcuticle, due primarily to the presence of a mucous material present in the subcuticle which becomes attached to the inner surface of the ecdysial membrane and which is believed to function as a lubricant at ecdysis.The ecdysial membrane and subcuticle are structurally quite different when examined under the electron microscope.No particular evolutionary significance can be ascribed to the existence of an ecdysial membrane  -  such membranes being found all the way from the primitive Collembola to the advanced Hymenoptera. Any possible function(s) of the ecdysial membrane has yet to be discovered. Various functions are suggested for the subcuticle, all of which are consistent with its reactions to various histochemical reagents.Additional observations were made and discussed concerning (1) the reactions of various portions of the cuticle at various stages to the PAS test, (2) the staining reactions of cuticle undergoing enzymatic degradation by the moulting fluid, and (3) the distinct staining reactions of the intersegmental membranes and basement membranes.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The dog mandible has three joints  -  two temporomandibular and one symphyseal joint. In studies of jaws and their mechanics usually only the temporomandibular joints are considered. The symphysis is consistently neglected and because of this, remarkable features of the temporomandibular joints have never been noted.The symphysis has special connective tissue arrangements and its own vascular and nerve supply. Along the anterosuperior part of the symphysis, a strip of fibrocartilage, and running more or less parallel to it, strong cruciate ligaments bind the symphyseal plates together. Small arteries run into the symphyseal joint and it is drained by an anastomosing venous plexus. The posterior, ligamentous, portion is laced with a profuse network of nerves.The temporomandibular joint is unusual in that its joint disc is powerfully anchored to the skull medially and to the outer pole of the mandibular condyle laterally. The temporomandibular joint disc thus acts as a ligament that halts lateral movement of the condyle just as the carnassial teeth are aligned for cutting function. As the mandible moves laterally, the space between the posterior ends of the symphyseal plates widens: at the same time it narrows anteriorly. The cruciate ligaments control this movement and stabilize the symphyseal joint by preventing direct lateral displacement of the symphyseal plates. The fibrocartilage cushions this movement and also mediates rotational movements about the longitudinal axis of the mandible when crushing molar teeth come into function.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Interferometric measurements were made on sections of salivary glands mounted in oils of refractive indices 1.410, 1.460, and 1.500, estimating optical path differences as fringe displacement with a Leitz double-beam interferometer microscope. From these data the mean concentrations (in mg/cm2/micron) of 55 cells of three glands were computed as follows: karyoplasm, 0.027±0.0026; cytoplasm, 0.048 ± 0.0024; nucleolus, 0.066±0.0041. From these concentrations it was computed, according to Maurer and Primbsch (Exp. Cell Res., 33: 8-18) that the correction factors for four micron sections were: karyoplasm, 0.203; cytoplasm, 0.114; nucleolus, 0.083. The reciprocals of these fractions (5.0, 8.8, and 12.0) are the correction factors of Arnold (J. Morph., in press) by which measured silver grain densities on autoradiographs are multiplied to give corrected (i.e. potential) densities.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 247-295 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The fully formed chondrocranium of the Egyptian snake, Psammophis sibilans has been described in detail. The tectum synoticum is very broad and there is apparently no tectum posterius. The notochord is completely embedded in the occipital condyle. The connection between the condyle and the odontoid process persists to the fully formed stage. There is only one commissure, representing the anterior basicapsular commissure, connecting the auditory capsule to the basal plate. The fisura metotica is continuous postero-dorsally with the fissura occipitocapsularis. The distal bent end of the shaft of the columella auris represents the processus dorsalis, and the nodule that separates from it and fuses with the quadrate is the intercalare. The interorbital septum, orbitosphenoid cartilages, basitrabecular processes and planum supraseptale are completely absent. The concha nasalis is of the simplified type, the active factor in its formation is the folding of the olfactory epithelium. The solum nasi is greatly reduced and comprises the floor of the cupola anterior, the composite lamina transversalis anterior, cartilago ectochoanalis, cartilago hypochoanalis and ectochonal plate. The branchial arches are completely absent. The pterygoquadrate is represented only by the quadrate cartilage. The ceratohyals are extremely long.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 297-310 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The osteocranium of a late embryo of the Egyptian snake, Psammophis sibilans (age, 58 days; total body length, 190 mm) has been described. Attention was given to the relation of the different bones to the adjacent cartilages of the chondrocranium as well as to the topographical relation of the bones to each other in the late embryonic state. Several adjacent bones have not yet come in contact with each other. The membrane-bones make their appearance shortly before any sign of ossification in the cartilaginous cranium. The maxillary, palatine and pterygoid premordia have a slight earlier appearance than the other bony premordia. The lacrymal, postfrontal, squamosal, jugal, quadratojugal and epipterygoid bones are completely absent. The laterosphenoid bone is never performed in cartilage. The whole columella auris is ossified.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 311-338 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The morphology of the entoproct Barentsia gracilis (M. Sars, 1835), has been studied primarily by routine light microscopy techniques supplemented with observations by electron microscopy. In general, the B. gracilis adult is similar in structure to other members of the Pedicellinidae. Differences noted include: the presence of conspicuous fibers, probably collagenous, which appear to reinforce the stalk- calyx connection, the presence of a distinct glandular- appearing area (also present in the larva) of unknown function, and the presence of two rows of latero- frontal cilia on the tentacles. The first detailed morphology of an entoproct larva is also presented and the striking similarity to the adult noted. Due to the confused state of Barentsia systematics, it was found that B. gracilis, B. geniculata, and B. benedeni may very well be the same animal. This is due to the great variability, apparently due to ecological factors, found in the key taxonomic characters such as stalk morphology. The feeding behavior of the adult is described and the larval feeding and rejection mechanism is reported for the first time. The larva, while still in the brood pouch, uses its ciliary girdle to remove food from the parent's food groove. The larval feeding current is generally similar to that of the adult, with modifications which are related to the lack of tentacles in the larva. The larva differs from the adult in having special ciliated rejection pathways for the removal of excess food particles.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 357-369 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cephalogenesis of chick embryos was studied at stages 3 through 11 inclusive. Ten embryos were examined at each stage. Particular attention was paid to the time of appearance of the prechordal plate mesoderm and cephalic notochord. It was found that the presumptive neural ectoderm begins to differentiate to form medullary plate as soon as it becomes associated with the chordamesoderm. Histological studies revealed the similarity of the notochord underlying the presumptive forebrain and midbrain regions, and the differences between this notochord and that associated with the hindbrain. These differences included the notochord histology and time of separation of the notochord from entoderm and neural ectoderm.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 339-355 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscopy of membranous labyrinths in Anolis carolinensis, Gonatodes biteanatus and Ameiva chrysolaema reveals the presences of cells of complex structure located adjacent to sensory areas in all ampullae. Microvillous cells are characterized by extensive infolding of basal cell membrane, with clefts extending to level of the basal portion of the nucleus. Each compartment thus formed is filled with mitochondria, ribosomes and glycogen. Lateral and basolateral interdigitations with surrounding cells are present. Supranuclear cytoplasm is composed of numerous mitochondria, extensive Golgi apparatus and dense populations of ribosomes and glycogen. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the most common reticulum present, although there is scattered granular reticulum. Toward lumen of ampulla, cells are constricted and a small portion of cytoplasm extends between supporting cells to bulge into lumen. Long, slender, branching microvilli project from luminal border into endolymph.Supporting cells resemble those found in adjacent sensory areas, with undulating luminal membranes, few mitochondria, scattered (but abundant) ribosomes and polysomes, considerable endoplasmic reticulum, extensive Golgi apparatus, lateral and basolateral interdigitations with other supporting cells and microvillous cells. Also present are large vacuoles containing elongate, randomly- oriented crystalline material.General morphology of microvillous cells suggests that they are involved in ion transport and in maintenance of electrolyte balance in endolymph. The role of glycogen in this process is discussed, as is the general problem of endolymph formation.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 371-378 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The development of the median eminence of several species of American anurans was studied in correlation with the progress of metamorphosis. Before metamorphosis the hypothalamic arteries break up into a plexus of capillaries lying in the extensive area of contact between the anterior lobe and the floor of the hypothalamus. During prometamorphosis the neural tissue of this area is converted into the median eminence. The neural tissue becomes thicker and shorter as the capillaries on its surface sink inward. The anterior lobe separates from the neural tissue except at its anterior tip where the residual capillaries have enlarged to form the pituitary portal veins. These changes are largely but not completely accomplished by the be- beginning of metamorphic climax. No significant alterations were found in the neurosecretory cells or their fibers during metamorphosis. The morphological data are interpreted in terms of the changing level of activity of the pituitary- thyroid axis during metamorphosis and its dependence upon a thyrotropin- releasing factor from the brain.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 379-387 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Leiolopisma fuscum were obtained monthly between October, 1959, and March, 1960, in northeastern Australia, latitude 16°44'S. Gross as well as histological changes observed in the gonads and accessory sex structures of lizards of both sexes revealed seasonal variation in reproductive activity, which reached a peak in December and January. During March the gonads and accessory sex structures regressed in size but by October both sexes were again reproductively active.The reproductive activity of L. fuscum, and open forest form, was compared with that of L. rhomboidalis, a related inhabitant of the rainforest. Differences in the reproductive activity of the two species were attributed to differences in the habitats and in the climatic stimuli, especially annual rainfall, associated with these habitats.Leiolopisma fuscum which occurs over much of coastal northern Australia and part of southern Papua, is far more widespread than the other species. Its cyclic reproductive pattern is probably more typical of the genus. The reproductive cycle of L. rhomboidalis is probably adaptively specialized for conditions in the rainforest, where the physical environment is subject to less seasonal variation.
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