ALBERT

Description: CONTENTS\nIntroduction................... 1\nOrder Artiodactyla Owen............... 8\nFamily Bovidae Gray................ 8\nSubfamily Bovinae Gill................ 8\nDuboisia santeng (Dubois).............. 8\nEpileptobos groeneveldtii (Dubois)............ 19\nHemibos triquetricornis R\xc3\xbctimeyer............ 60\nHemibos acuticornis (Falconer et Cautley).......... 61\nBubalus palaeokerabau Dubois............. 62\nBubalus bubalis (L.) subsp............... 77\nBibos palaesondaicus Dubois.............. 78\nBibos javanicus (d\'Alton) subsp.............. 98\nSubfamily Caprinae Gill................ 99\nCapricornis sumatraensis (Bechstein) subsp........... 99\nLiterature cited.................. 106\nExplanation of the plates............... 11o\nINTRODUCTION\nThe Bovidae make up a very large portion of the Dubois collection of fossil vertebrates from Java, second only to the Proboscidea in bulk. Before Dubois began his explorations in Java in 1890 we knew very little about the fossil bovids of that island. Martin (1887, p. 61, pl. VII fig. 2) described a horn core as Bison sivalensis Falconer (?); Bison sivalensis Martin has already been placed in the synonymy of Bibos palaesondaicus Dubois by Von Koenigswald (1933, p. 93), which is evidently correct. Pilgrim (in Bron-

Description: I.\nINLEIDING\nDe vaak gestelde vraag of er in de Nederlandse Antillen ook zeekreeften voorkomen, kan naar gelang van de definitie van het woord zeekreeft zowel ontkennend als bevestigend beantwoord worden. Dat de nederlandse zeekreeft, Homarus gammarus (Linnaeus), er niet voorkomt zal wellicht niemand bevreemden, maar ook de noordamerikaanse soort, Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards, ontbreekt er. Wel vindt men in de zee\xc3\xabn rondom de Nederlandse Antillen andere kreeften, die echter niet tot de familie der echte zeekreeften (Nephropsidae) behoren, doch tot de families van de langoesten (Palinuridae) en beerkreeften (Scyllaridae). In tegenstelling met de Nephropsidae hebben deze laatste twee families geen echte scharen aan de eerste drie paren looppoten.\nVan de langoesten zijn tot nu toe vier soorten in de Nederlandse Antillen gevonden, terwijl er twee soorten beer- of zandkreeften aangetroffen werden. Deze zes soorten zullen hieronder uitvoerig besproken worden. Enkele andere soorten kreeften zijn in het overige West Indi\xc3\xab waargenomen, doch dit zijn meest dieren uit het diepere water. Mocht echter een dergelijke, hier niet besproken soort in de Nederlandse Antillen gevangen worden, dan is dit een zeer belangrijke vondst en verdient het aanbeveling het exemplaar ter identificatie op te zenden aan het Caraibisch Marien Biologisch Instituut, Piscadera Baai, Willemstad, Cura\xc3\xa7ao (postadres Berg Carmelweg 7, Willemstad), of aan het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden, waar het dan aan een nader onderzoek zal worden onderworpen. De dieren worden het best geconserveerd in 70 % alcohol of in een 4 % formaline oplossing; soms is aan droge schilden (zowel die van de staart als van het kop-borst-

Description: For identifying the mosses collected in different localities of the Malaysian region, the need was felt for a key to the genera. In the preliminary one that I constructed to this end the genera were taken in the delimitation accepted in the second edition of Brotherus, Nat\xc3\xbcrl. Pflanzf. In addition to the latter the genera published after 1925 and therefore not included in Brotherus 1. c. are taken into account. In revising the families for Flora Malesiana I will doubtless be compelled to alter the position of some of the species and the delimitation of some of the genera, and at the end of series III of Flora Malesiana, which will contain the Mosses, I therefore intend to give a final key. I sincerely hope that the preliminary key will in the meantime have been tested by different bryologists, and that they will let me profit by their remarks. For this reason it is published here.\nThe analytical key is based as far as possible on vegetative characters, especially on the shape of the leaf cells. The principal features of the sporophyte are noted, but are not, as a rule, made use of as alternatives. This applies particularly to those alternatives that lead to the main groups. Only when no reliable vegetative characters could be found, have characters of the sporophyte, especially those of the peristome, been used. The habitat of each genus, not its distribution in the Malaysian region, is indicated in the key.

Description: Payena as a genus was created by Alphonse De Candolle in his Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis in 1844. He commemorated in it the French chemist A. Payen (1795\xe2\x80\x941871) in Paris. De Candolle placed in it the species Mimusops lucida, first described by G. Don; the latter employed this nomen nudum used by Wallich in his List of specimens in the East India Company\xe2\x80\x99s Museum (1858). The famous Swiss botanist characterized the new genus by the following diagnosis on page 196: \xe2\x80\x9cCalyx 4-partitus (nec 8-partitus, ut dixit cl. G. Don), lobis ovatis, obtusis extus et margine puberulis, 2 exterioribus latioribus. Corolla 8-fida, basi tubulosa, superne campanulata, calyce vix longior; lobis 2 ante lobum quemque calycis, ovato-acutis, glabris. Stamina 8, tubo corollae prope faucem inserta, lobis opposita, denticulis interjectis. Filamenta brevissima. Antherae lanceolatae, angulosae, inclusae, filamento multo longiores, connectivo in acumen obtusiusculum carnosum producto, loculis subextrorsis, longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Ovarium hirsutum, 8-loculare. Stylus rectus, glaber, calyee duplo longior, apice obscure dentatus. Ovula 8, ovoideo-angulosa, acuta, deinde ovoidea, ex angula superiore cujusve loculi pendentia. Fructus ign. \xe2\x80\x94 Frutex? aut arbuscula? foliis ellipticis, basi subacutis, apice obtuse acuminatis, glaberrimis, superne nitidis, subtus pallidioribus; pedicellis 1\xe2\x80\x943 ex axillis foliorum superiorum, petiolo duplo longioribus, erectis, pilis minimis adpressis subpubescentibus. \xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9d He placed it between Isonandra and Bassia and \xe2\x80\x9cperhaps near Azaola\xe2\x80\x9d (\xe2\x80\x9cforsanque Azaolae proximum\xe2\x80\x9d). Today Isonandra is to be considered a genus in the neighbourhood of Palaquium (a group with the parts of calyx and corolla isomerous), and Bassia and Azaola are considered synonymous to Madhuca. De Candolle, while correcting the evident mistake of Don concerning the number of parts of the calyx, makes himself another by saying \xe2\x80\x9cStamina 8...\xe2\x80\x9d (see under P. lucida).

Description: P. Danguy a cr\xc3\xa9\xc3\xa9 en 1928 le genre Decarydendron (in Bull. Mus. nat. Hist. Nat. Paris, 34, p. 279) pour une Monimiac\xc3\xa9e qui habite Madagascar. Il a d\xc3\xa9sign\xc3\xa9 cette plante sous le nom de Decarydendron helenae. les intr\xc3\xa9pides explorateurs Lam En 1938, et Meeuse ont r\xc3\xa9colt\xc3\xa9 dans la for\xc3\xaat orientale de la Grande-Ile deux sp\xc3\xa9cimens d\xe2\x80\x99un petit arbre de 5 m de haut, cauliflore sur les jeunes branches, qui pr\xc3\xa9sentent tous les caract\xc3\xa8res du genre Decarydendron.\nL\xe2\x80\x99examen de ces \xc3\xa9chantillons nous a r\xc3\xa9v\xc3\xa9l\xc3\xa9 qu\xe2\x80\x99il s\xe2\x80\x99agit bien d\xe2\x80\x99une esp\xc3\xa8ce nouvelle que nous appelerons Decarydendron lamii en l\xe2\x80\x99honneur de M. le Professeur Lam, Directeur de l\xe2\x80\x99Herbarium de Leiden.

Description: In his Numerical List Wallich inserted four specific epithets in the genus Kurrimia, viz 4334 K. pulcherrima Wall., 4335 K. calophylla Wall., 4336 K. paniculata Wall., and later 7200 K.? macrophylla Wall. The latter one was provided with a question mark; it was a new combination for Itea macrophylla Wall. No generic or specific descriptions were provided, merely the indication that the name Kurrimia was named in honour of Kurrim Khan who had faithfully served the Calcutta Botanic Garden as its curator for four decades.\nA few years later Walker-Arnott described a genus Bhesa Ham. ex Arn. (Edinb. New Phil. J. 16, 1834, 315) for which he provided a full generic description and brief but clear diagnoses of two species, viz B. moja Ham. and B. paniculata Arn., the former one based on Hamilton 788 from Hamilton\xe2\x80\x99s herbarium at Edinburgh, the latter on a Penang specimen from J. D. Hooker. He found himself \xe2\x80\x9cnot able to discover any reference to it in Dr Wallich\xe2\x80\x99s List\xe2\x80\x9d.

Description: Although Clarke saw the type of Scirpus erectus Poir. in the Paris Herbarium he misapplied the name to a quite different species occurring in Madagascar, S. and E. Asia, and tropical Australia. Herein he was followed by Ridley, Merrill, Backer, and others. It has now generally been accepted that the correct name of this species is Scirpus juncoides Roxb. and that the name Scirpus erectus Poir. does not belong to its synonymy. After having examined the type of S. erectus I am convinced that the question was admirably cleared up by Chermezon (see Arch. Bot. 4, 1931, 26, and also in Humbert, Fl. Madag., fam. 29, 1937, 149). Scirpus erectus is much nearer to the European S. supinus L. than to S. juncoides Roxb. It differs from S. supinus by the larger spikelets, the larger, more distinctly mucronate glumes, the bristly appendage of the connective, the bifid style, and the larger, biconvex, only faintly wavyridged, elliptic or suborbicular nuts. It is an African species extending from the Mediterranean region through tropical Africa to Madagascar and Mauritius.\nThere can be no doubt that Isolepis uninodis Delile is conspecific with Scirpus erectus Poir. Delile\xe2\x80\x99s description is very accurate: \xe2\x80\x9c\xc3\xa9pis cylindriques, ovo\xc3\xafdes-lanceol\xc3\xa9s ... \xc3\xa9cailles ovales, aigu\xc3\xabs ... deux stigmates ... graine lenticulaire, transversalement rugueux vers les bords.\xe2\x80\x9d The differences with Scirpus supinus are clearly indicated: \xe2\x80\x9cses graines [du S. supinus] sont ovo\xc3\xafdes-cun\xc3\xa9iformes, trigones, rid\xc3\xa9es transversalement sur toute leur surface; ses styles sont trifides.\xe2\x80\x9d Moreover, Delile\xe2\x80\x99s excellent figure leaves no doubt whatever on the identity of his species.

Description: Cucumis anguria L., the \xe2\x80\x9cWest India Gherkin\xe2\x80\x9d or \xe2\x80\x9cBur Gherkin\xe2\x80\x9d, is a cultigen known to have occurred in the West Indies in a cultivated or more or less adventitious state since before 1650 when the first accounts of this plant were published (1, 2). The occurrence of a single species of this old world genus \xe2\x80\x94 which is mainly African but extends through South West Asia to India \xe2\x80\x94 in America, combined with the fact that it is almost exclusively found in cultivation or as an escape, makes one feel suspicious about its being truly indigenous in the New World.\nNaudin (4) discussed the history of this plant and suggested that it was originally introduced from West Africa whence negro slaves were brought to the New World. However, he admittedly did not know any wild African species of Cucumis which resembles C. anguria sufficiently to deserve consideration as its probable ancestor.

Description: Both Nusa Bailing Island and Blambangan Peninsula consist of limestone hills; they are nowadays uninhabited and forest-clad. On Nusa Bailing the forest is mixed and not conspicuously dominated by certain genera. On Blambangan the forest contains much bamboo, which points to ancient human influence, and a number of species characteristic for \xe2\x80\x98monsoon-forest\xe2\x80\x99. A few remarks on history, and data about the author\xe2\x80\x99s routes, are given. Most of the plants collected are recorded in sketches of the vegetation. The f. lobata of Gmelina elliptica (Verben.) is reduced. Novelties are not reported, and it is doubtful whether the areas in question deserve much further attention for botanical exploration.

Description: Thallus squamulose, yellow-brown to fulvous, not pruinose, underside black. Cortex paraplectenchymatous covered with necral layer, colourless below, brownish above, 27\xe2\x80\x9434 \xc2\xb5, lumina 6\xe2\x80\x948 X 4\xe2\x80\x946 \xc2\xb5, brownish zone C + reddish. Apothecia one to several per squamule, congested, with somewhat elevated margin, and red-brown disc becoming rugulose with age, up to 1.3 mm. diam. Hymenium colourless, brown towards epithecium, J + blue, turning red-brown, 83\xe2\x80\x9490 \xc2\xb5. Asci clavate, more than 100-spored, 67\xe2\x80\x9470 X 16\xe2\x80\x9418 \xc2\xb5. Spores 1-celled, cylindrical-ellipsoid, 4.5\xe2\x80\x945.8 X 0.8\xe2\x80\x942.5 \xc2\xb5. Paraphyses septate, sparingly branched, 1\xe2\x80\x942 \xc2\xb5, apices clavate, 4\xe2\x80\x945 \xc2\xb5.\nThere seems to be some uncertainty as to the citation of the second author. Arnold (1884: 316) on transferring Wahlenberg\xe2\x80\x99s Parmelia peliocypha to the genus Acarospora, retained the original spelling of the specific epithet, whereas Fries (1861: 189) had changed the latter into \xe2\x80\x98peliscypha\xe2\x80\x99. However, since both recombinations are based on the same type, \xe2\x80\x98peliocypha\xe2\x80\x99 and \xe2\x80\x98peliscypha\xe2\x80\x99 should be regarded as orthographic variants. Fries\xe2\x80\x99s transfer is of an earlier date than Arnold\xe2\x80\x99s, but instead of the spelling as used by Fries, the original one should be adhered to (Art. 73).