ALBERT

Description: K. Ammann, Y. Jacot, G. Kjellsson & V. Simonson (eds.), Methods for Risk Assessment of Transgenic Plants. III. Ecological Risks and prospects of transgenic plants, where do we go from here? A dialogue between biotech industry and science, Bazel, 1999, 260 pag., sFr. 128,- / DM 148,-, ISBN 3-7643-5917-X, Birkh\xc3\xa4user Verlag. *Chr. Buter, De mosflora van de Regte Heide en haar randgebieden. Nieuwkerk, Halve Maan, Ooijevaarsnest, Papenmoeren, Riels Hoefke en Riels Laag, Tilburg, 1999, 54 pag. Info: Mossenwerkgroep KNNV Tilburg, p/a Veldhovenring 27, 5041 BA Tilburg.

Description: After studying the type specimens we conclude that the species Eudendrium vestitum Allman, 1888, is a junior synonym of the cosmopolitan bougainvilliid Bimeria vestita Wright, 1859. A redescription accompanied by optical micro- and SEM photographs of the species is presented.

Description: The morphology of 25 species of the family Eudendriidae was studied, with special regard to their reproductive organs, using techniques of SEM and optical microscopy. Whenever possible a re-analysis of the diagnostic characters of these species was carried out. Furthermore, several synonymies were confirmed or discussed and remarks on taxonomical details are presented. A developmental (ontogenetical) series is proposed for the reproductive differentiation, and its usefulness for phylogenetic analysis is considered.

Description: The Ponto-Caspian isopod, Jaera istri Veuille, 1979, an endemic species of the river Danube, invaded the lower river Rhine in 1997. This paper provides notes on its identification and first records in the lower Rhine, and documents its subsequent population development.

Description: The aims of this study are: \n1) to reconstruct a skeleton phylogeny of the orchid genus Coelogyne and allied genera \nbased on molecular and morphological characters; \n2) to incorporate this phylogeny into a phylogenetic classification of the Coelogyninae; \n3) to provide taxonomic revisions of a selection of species groups of Coelogyne. \nCoelogyne comprises over 200 species distributed throughout southeast Asia with \nmain centers of diversity in Borneo, Sumatra and the Himalayas. Most species are \nepiphytes and occur in primary forests. They have a fairly large number of mediumsized to large flowers with delicate colours and a sweet scent, which are pollinated by \nbees, beetles or wasps. The genus is placed in subtribe Coelogyninae (subfamily Epidendroideae) together with 15 other genera with a total of approximately 550 species. \nThe subtribe is characterised by sympodial growth, pseudobulbs of one internode, \nterminal inflorescences, a winged column and massive caudicles. Separate maximum \nparsimony analyses of RFLPs, matK and nuclear rDNA ITS sequences, macromorphological and anatomical data collected for 27 Coelogyne species and 13 representatives \nof related genera produce largely congruent results. A total evidence analysis indicates \nthat Coelogyninae are monophyletic and diverged early into three major clades. \nClade I comprises species of Coelogyne sect. Coelogyne, subgenus Cyathogyne, \nsect. Rigidiformes, Tomentosae, Veitchiae and Verrucosae, from which Bracisepalum, \nChelonistele, Dendrochilum, Entomophobia, Geesinkorchis and Nabaluia split off. \nSynapomorphies for this group of species are the more than 15 flowers per inflorescence, presence of sterile bracts on the rachis and presence of hairs on the ovary. \nElongate trichomes with acute top on the leaf surface, synanthous inflorescences, \npresence of sterile bracts at the base of the rachis, simultaneously opening flowers, \npersistent floral bracts, ovate-oblong petals, and hairy sepals are present in the majority \nof taxa in this clade. Clade II subsequently diverged into species of Neogyna and \nPholidota nested within species of Coelogyne sect. Bicellae, Brachypterae, Elatae, \nFlaccidae, Fuliginosae, Hologyne, Lentiginosae, Longifoliae, Moniliformes, Ptychogyne and Speciosae. Synapomorphies for this group are the caducous floral bracts, \nglabrous ovaries, linear petals and a relatively low number of morphologically diverse \nkeels on the hypochile. Hysteranthous inflorescences, less than 15 flowers per inflorescence, intermediate-sized flowers and a relatively low number of keels on the epichile \nare present in the majority of taxa in this clade. Clade III consists of species of Pleione \nand is characterised by short-living pseudobulbs, a lack of stegmata in all sclerenchymatous tissues, a hypochile without lateral lobes and an epichile apex with fimbriate \nmargin. \nThe traditional circumscription of Coelogyne is not supported by the total evidence \nphylogeny presented here and should be abandoned. A redefinition of the genus is \nsuggested by including Neogyna and Pholidota and removing the species of Coelogyne \nsect. Coelogyne (in part), Cyathogyne, Tomentosae, Rigidiformes, Veitchiae and Verrucosae. A formal proposal for the creation of a new genus for these species is not made \nyet, as most internal nodes of the total evidence tree are only poorly supported and \nneed a larger taxon sampling and data from more variable genes. \n4 \nThe number of subgeneric groups recognised by various authors in Coelogyne \nvaries between 5 and 23, which is mainly due to the relative lack of morphological \ncharacters available to define groups of species. Of the 17 sections sampled in \nCoelogyne, just three (with only two sampled species each) form strongly supported \nmonophyletic groups in the total evidence analysis: sect. Longifoliae, Moniliformes \nand Verrucosae. This is consistent with the clear morphological synapomorphies that \ncharacterise those sections. Monophyly of Coelogyne sect. Flaccidae and Tomentosae \nis weakly supported, which is in accordance with the few and not unique synapomorphies that define these sections. Coelogyne sect. Coelogyne and sect. Elatae are \nclearly paraphyletic. This was already expected as the morphological diversity in both \nsections is high. A well-supported subset of species is formed by C. fimbriata (sect. \nFuliginosae) and C. stricta (sect. Elatae), which share the presence of sterile bracts \non the base of the scape. To investigate whether this clade warrants the status of a new \nsection, a much larger sampling within Coelogyne is needed. The species sampled of \nsubgenus Bicellae, Cyathogyne, Hologyne and Ptychogyne seem well nested within \nseveral sections of Coelogyne and do not warrant the status of subgenus. \nSeveral of the traditionally used floral traits for (sub)generic and sectional delimitation within Coelogyninae and Coelogyne (the \xe2\x80\x98key\xe2\x80\x99characters) were plotted on the \ntotal evidence tree. Inflorescence type, number of flowers per inflorescence, persistence \nof floral bracts, presence of sterile bracts on the rachis, ovary indumentum, petal \nshape, presence and shape of lateral lobes of hypochile, number of keels on the epichile \nand presence of a fimbriate margin on the epichile appear to be good synapomorphies \nfor major clades in Coelogyninae and Coelogyne. The number of leaves per pseudobulb, \nsize of the flowers, shape of the lip base and petals and presence of stelidia and calli \non the lip show many reversals and appear not to be phylogenetically informative. \nWith the phylogenetic boundaries of the total evidence analysis as a reference, a \nstart with a taxonomic treatment of the whole genus is made by revisions of three different groups of species in Coelogyne. An integrated phylogenetic analysis of morphological and molecular characters is performed for the 16 species of sect. Speciosae and \n8 species of sect. Verrucosae to check monophyly and study interspecific relationships, \nwhereas a complex of the closely related species of sect. Fuliginosae is resolved with \na phenetic analysis using morphological characters. The last three chapters of this \nthesis contain descriptions of all species (including three new ones), synonyms, \nphotographs, drawings, distribution maps and identification keys.

Description: The Vanguerieae is a tribe consisting of about 500 species ordered in 27 genera. Although this tribe is mainly represented in Africa and Madagascar, Vanguerieae also occur in tropical Asia, Australia, and the isles of the Pacific Ocean. This study gives a detailed wood anatomical description of 34 species of 15 genera based on LM and SEM observations. The secondary xylem is homogeneous throughout the tribe and fits well into the Ixoroideae s.l. on the basis of fibre-tracheids and diffuse to diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma. The Vanguerieae include numerous geofrutices that are characterised by massive woody branched or unbranched underground parts and slightly ramified unbranched aboveground twigs. The underground structures of geofrutices are not homologous; a central pith is found in three species (Fadogia schmitzii, Pygmaeothamnus zeyheri and Tapiphyllum cinerascens var. laetum), while Fadogiella stigmatoloba shows central primary xylem which is characteristic of roots. Comparison of underground versus aboveground wood shows anatomical differences in vessel diameter and in the quantity of parenchyma and fibres.

Description: The Vanguerieae is a large tribe of the subfamily Ixoroideae (Rubiaceae) and consists of about 500 species in 27 genera. This study gives a detailed pollen morphological description of 30 species from 16 genera, based on light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The Vanguerieae are considered to be stenopalynous, although there is some evidence to question this. First, there is a difference in sexine types that clearly de\xc2\xae nes Keetia and Psydrax ( both reticulate) , and Canthium and Vanguerieae (both perforate with very small perforations) from the other Vanguerieae investigated. Second, pollen grains corroborate the subgeneric delimitations of Canthium sensu Bridson. Pollen morphologically the tribe is characterised by ( 1) the shape of the ectoapertures which is intermediate between a colpus and a porus, and ( 2) the presence of a costa oriented perpendicular to the ectoaperture and has a form which is correlated with the shape of the costa.

Description: A revision of Pachycentria Blume, which includes the monotypic Pogonanthera Blume, is presented. Pachycentria comprises eight species and one subspecies. Two species, P. vogelkopensis and P. hanseniana, are newly described. The genus is distinguished from other genera in the Medinillinae by a small ovary in an urceolate hypanthium. and by seeds with comb-shaped testa cells. Andromonoecy is recorded for three species of the genus. Pollination by bees and dispersal by birds and ants has been observed in the field. Pachycentria is distributed in Burma, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, and New Guinea.

Description: A revision of the genus Phaeanthus Hook.f. & Thomson (Annonaceae) is presented. The genus comprises 8 species. A key to the fruiting and/or flowering specimens of the genus is included. The genus consists of shrubs to small-sized trees from Malesia and Vietnam. It is characterised by sepals and outer petals that are alike, numerous carpels and stamens, the latter truncate with a distinctive connective prolongation, monocarpous fruits, and leaves often drying dark brown to black. A phylogenetic analysis shows the monophyly of the genus and that Phaeanthus nutans can be considered the sister species of the remaining species.

Description: This long-awaited volume is the last of the new Flora of New Zealand and treats 121 genera in 21 tribes with 460 species, of which 226 are introduced and 46 \xe2\x80\x98transient\xe2\x80\x99, i.e. introduced but not persisting, against 188 native ones of which not less than 157 are endemics. Most of the latter belong to the Poeae (49 + 41 others), Agrostideae (45 + 58) and Danthonieae (43 + 15) showing the present temperate nature of the grass flora. This structure of the grass flora is briefly discussed, but its origin is considered \xe2\x80\x98unsuited to a flora\xe2\x80\x99. It is a pity that no reference is given to a place where this is done, instead.\nOf general interest to the New Zealand Flora is the extensive literature list (\xe2\x80\x98annals\xe2\x80\x99) completing the ones given in previous volumes with indices on families and additional scientific subjects. Curiously, they run up to 1996, while elsewhere (p. xxix) references as late as 1999 are indexed. M.I. Dawson contributed a survey of the chromosome numbers of indigenous species. It may be noted that for Lachnagrostis filiformis 2n = 28 and 56 have been reported, although Edgar & Connor say no chromosome numbers are known for the genus (p. xxiv).