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  • 2020-2024  (166,894)
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  • 1
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    The MOSES Sternfahrt Expeditions of the Research Vessels ALBIS, LITTORINA, LUDWIG PRANDTL and MYA II to the Elbe River, Elbe Estuary and German Bight in 2023 (2024)
    Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung
    In:  EPIC3Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung = Reports on polar and marine research, Bremerhaven, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 786, 65 p., pp. 1-65, ISSN: 1866-3192
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-14
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: "Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung" , notRev
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  • 2
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    Four flowering plant species described from Katanga (Democratic Republic of the Congo) are based on specimens collected in Guangxi, China (2021)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 66 no. 1, pp. 82-92
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-14
    Description: The original set of botanical collections of the agronomist H.A. Homblé is conserved in the herbarium BR. Homblé was one of the first collectors (1911–1913) for the flora of Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Many Homblé specimens were described as taxonomic novelties; 107 tropical African plant species are named after him. Before his colonial career in Katanga, Homblé stayed about two years (1909–1911) in Guangxi, China. His incompletely labelled Chinese collections were erroneously considered as collected in Katanga. This supposed African origin has led to confusion with regard to the identification, and even resulted in the description of four species believed to be new for science. This paper presents and discusses Homblé’s collection made in Guangxi, and the assumed novelties in it. Drosera insolita is a synonym of the Asian Drosera lunata, widespread from India to Australia. Three other species are new synonyms. Caesalpinia homblei is a synonym of the pantropical Caesalpinia bonduc. Digitaria polybotryoides is a synonym of Digitaria abludens, a widespread species in tropical Asia. Grewia katangensis is the only species that proved to be synonymous with an endemic species, Grewia cuspidatoserrata, only known from S Yunnan, and here reported as a new record for Guangxi. Lysimachia candida and Impatiens chinensis should be deleted from the list of the Congo Flora. The importance of careful specimen labelling and label interpretation is discussed.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    No distinct local cuisines among humpback whales: A population diet comparison in the Southern Hemisphere (2024)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3The Science of The Total Environment, Elsevier, 931, pp. 172939-172939, ISSN: 0048-9697
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Southern hemisphere humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae, SHHW) breeding populations follow a high-fidelity Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) diet while feeding in distinct sectors of the Southern Ocean. Their capital breeding life history requires predictable ecosystem productivity to fuel migration and migration-related behaviours. It is therefore postulated that populations feeding in areas subject to the strongest climate change impacts are more likely to show the first signs of a departure from a high-fidelity krill diet. We tested this hypothesis by investigating blubber fatty acid profiles and skin stable isotopes obtained from five SHHW populations in 2019, and comparing them to Antarctic krill stable isotopes sampled in three SHHW feeding areas in the Southern Ocean in 2019. Fatty acid profiles and δ13C and δ15N varied significantly among all five populations, however, calculated trophic positions did not (2.7 to 3.1). Similarly, fatty acid ratios, 16:1ω7c/16:0 and 20:5ω3/22:6ω3 were above 1, showing that whales from all five populations are secondary heterotrophs following an omnivorous diet with a diatom-origin. Thus, evidence for a potential departure from a high-fidelity Antarctic krill diet was not seen in any population. δ13C of all populations were similar to δ13C of krill sampled in productive upwelling areas or the marginal sea-ice zone. Consistency in trophic position and diet origin but significant fatty acid and stable isotope differences demonstrate that the observed variability arises at lower trophic levels. Our results indicate that, at present, there is no evidence of a divergence from a high-fidelity krill diet. Nevertheless, the characteristic isotopic signal of whales feeding in productive upwelling areas, or in the marginal sea-ice zone, implies that future cryosphere reductions could impact their feeding ecology.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    Southern Ocean food-webs and climate change: A short review and future directions (2024)
    Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    In:  EPIC3PLOS Climate, Public Library of Science (PLoS), 3(3), pp. e0000358-e0000358, ISSN: 2767-3200
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: 〈jats:p〉Food-webs are a critical feature of ecosystems and help us understand how communities will respond to climate change. The Southern Ocean is facing rapid and accelerating changes due to climate change. Though having evolved in an isolated and somewhat extreme environment, Southern Ocean biodiversity and food-webs are among the most vulnerable. Here, we review 1) current knowledge on Southern Ocean food-webs; 2) methods to study food-webs; 3) assessment of current and future impacts of climate change on Southern Ocean food-webs; 4) knowledge gaps; and 5) the role of Early Career Researchers (ECRs) in future studies. Most knowledge on Southern Ocean food-webs come from the pelagic environment, both at macro- and microbial levels. Modelling and diet studies of individual species are major contributors to the food-web knowledge. These studies revealed a short food-web, predominantly sustained by Antarctic Krill (〈jats:italic〉Euphausia superba〈/jats:italic〉). Additionally, alternative pathways exist, involving other krill species, fish, and squid, which play equally important roles in connecting primary producers with top predators. Advantages and disadvantages of several techniques used to study Southern Ocean food-webs were identified, from the classical analyses of stomach contents, scats, or boluses to the most recent approaches such as metabarcoding and trophic-biomarkers. Observations show that climate change can impact the food-web in different ways. As an example, changes to smaller phytoplankton species can lengthen the food-web, increasing assimilation losses and/or changing nutrient cycles. Future studies need to focus on the benthic-dominated food-webs and the benthopelagic coupling. Furthermore, research during the winter season and below the ice-shelves is needed as these areas may play a crucial role in the functioning of this ecosystem. ECRs can play a significant role in advancing the study of Southern Ocean food-webs due to their willingness for interdisciplinary collaboration and proficiency in employing various methodologies, contributing to the construction of high-resolution food-webs.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    Drivers of winter ice formation on Arctic water bodies in the Lena Delta, Siberia (2024)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  EPIC3Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research, Taylor & Francis, 56(1), pp. 2350546-2350546, ISSN: 1523-0430
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Arctic landscapes are characterized by diverse water bodies, which are covered with ice for most of the year. Ice controls surface albedo, hydrological properties, gas exchange, and ecosystem services, but freezing processes differ between water bodies. We studied the influence of geomor-phology and meteorology on winter ice of water bodies in the Lena Delta, Siberia. Electrical conductivity (EC) and stable water isotopes of ice cores from four winters and six water bodies were measured at unprecedented resolution down to 2-cm increments, revealing differences in freezing systems. Open-system freezing shows near-constant isotopic and EC gradients in ice, whereas closed-system freezing shows decreasing isotopic composition with depth. Lena River ice displays three zones of isotopic composition within the ice, reflecting open-system freezing that records changing water sources over the winter. The isotope composition of ice covers in landscape units of different ages also reflects the individual water reservoir settings (i.e., Pleistocene vs. Holocene ground ice thaw). Ice growth models indicate that snow properties are a dominant determinant of ice growth over winter. Our findings provide novel insights into the winter hydro-chemistry of Arctic ice covers, including the influences of meteorology and water body geomor-phology on freezing rates and processes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
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    Hydrothermal alteration and physical and mechanical properties of rocks in a volcanic environment: A review (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Volcanic rocks are the prominent host rocks in geothermal and volcanic systems in general, displaying heterogeneity. Although various external factors such as temperature, pressure, time, fluid chemistry, and subsurface geology have been thoroughly researched regarding the source of hydrothermal minerals in geothermal fields, the effect of hydrothermal alteration on volcanic hosts is still controversial in the literature. This review compiles data on the physical and mechanical properties of the host rocks composing volcanic environments exhibiting hydrothermal alteration or remaining unaltered. The considered data is originated from hydrothermal areas from Kuril-Kamchatka (Russia), Los Humeros (Mexico), Ngatamaraki, Rotokawa, Kawerau and Ohakuri geothermal fields and Mt. Ruapehu, Mt. Taranaki, and Whakaari volcanoes (New Zealand), Solfatara (Italy), Reykjanes, Nesjavellir, and Theistarereykir geothermal fields (Iceland), La Soufrière de Guadeloupe (Caribbean) volcano, and Merapi volcano (Indonesia). Analysis of average values displayed in several graphical representations and correlations finds that dense rocks (such as lavas and intrusive rocks) exhibit greater competence and lower porosity than fragmental rocks. However, altered dense rocks display greater variability in mechanical properties compared to pyroclastic rocks, primarily influenced by mineral dissolution leading to rock weakening. Exceptions occur for high-temperature hydrothermal alteration, such as advanced silicification and propylitic alteration, with the latter influenced by minor types of alteration. Fragmental rocks have diverse behaviour with the extent of hydrothermal alteration and welding/compaction. According to the compiled data, an overall strengthening of pyroclastic rocks develops as hydrothermal alteration increases, regardless of the type of hydrothermal alteration. The complexity of hydrothermal systems, the variability shown by different hydrothermal settings and histories in terms of temperature, fluid chemistry and secondary mineral assemblage, and the variety of rock materials with different microstructures contribute to moderate correlations between properties compared to those established in an unaltered state. However, the same trends (linear, nonlinear, positive, negative) are preserved along hydrothermal alteration. This review emphasizes the significance of the type and degree of hydrothermal alteration, along with the rock type and pre-existence of fractures, in shaping the development of alteration in volcanic environments and modifying the properties of host rocks. The relevance of the review relies on the fact that these properties are considered to enhance the productivity of geothermal fields and improve the assessment of volcanic hazards. Future research is expected to expand on this groundwork.
    Description: Published
    Description: 104754
    Description: OSV4: Preparazione alle crisi vulcaniche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Hydrothermal alteration ; physical properties ; degree of hydrothermal alteration ; mechanical properties ; hydrothermal alteration facies ; intrusion-related geothermal systems ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Verification of parameterizations for clear sky downwelling longwave irradiance in the Arctic (2024)
    Egu-Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Ground-based high resolution observations of downward longwave irradiance (DLI), surface air temperature, water vapour surface partial pressure and column amount, zenith sky infrared (IR) radiance in the atmospheric window, and all-sky camera images are regularly obtained at the Thule High Arctic Atmospheric Observatory (THAAO, 76.5° N, 68.8° W), North-West Greenland. The datasets for the years 2017 and 2018 have been used to assess the performance of different empirical formulas to infer clear sky DLI. An algorithm to identify clear sky observations has been developed, based on value, variability, and persistence of zenith sky IR radiance. Seventeen different formulas to estimate DLI have been tested against the THAAO dataset, using the originally determined coefficients. The formulas which combine information on total column water vapour and surface air temperature appear to perform better than others, with a mean bias with respect to the measured DLI smaller than 1 W/m2 and a root mean squared error (RMSE) around 6 W/m2. Some formulas, specifically developed for the Arctic, are found to produce poor statistical results; this is attributed partly to limitations in the originally used dataset, which does not cover a whole year, or is relative to very specific conditions (i.e., the ice sheet). The bias displays a significant improvement when the coefficients of the different formulas are calculated using the THAAO dataset. The presence of two full years of data allows the investigation of the inter-annual variability, and the use of different years for the determination of the coefficients and the evaluation of results. The smallest values of the bias and RMSE reach 0.1 W/m2 and 5 W/m2, respectively. Overall, best results are found for formulas which use both surface parameters and total water vapour column, and have been developed from global datasets. Conversely, formulas which express the atmospheric emissivity as a linear function of the logarithm of the column integrated water vapour appear to poorly reproduce the observations at THAAO.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1617–1632
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Earthquakes Parameters from Citizen Testimonies: A Retrospective Analysis of EMSC Database (2024)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: We aim to compute macroseismic parameters (location and magnitude) using the BOXER code for the first time on the citizen testimonies, that is, individual intensity data points (IDPs) at the global scale collected and made available by the LastQuake system of the European–Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC). IDPs available for different earthquakes are selected to eliminate those that are geographically inconsistent with most data; then they are clustered spatially based on various methods. For each cluster with at least three IDPs, a macroseismic data point (MDP), corresponding to an intensity value assessed for given localities as in classical macroseismic studies, is computed by various central tendency estimators (average, median, and trimmed averages). Finally, macroseismic parameters are obtained by MDP distribution using two location methods of BOXER code. For each earthquake, we used raw and corrected intensities and 132 different combinations of grouping methods, estimators, and BOXER methods. We assigned a ranking to the combinations that best reproduce instrumental parameters and used such a ranking to select preferred combinations for each earthquake. We analyzed retrospectively the reliability of the parameters as a function of time and space. The results are essentially identical using original and corrected intensities and show higher reliability for BOXER’s method 1 than for method 0; they are dependent on the geographical area, and generally improve over time and with the number of IDPs collected. These findings are useful for the future real-time analyses, and for evaluating the location and magnitude of earthquakes whenever a sufficient number of IDPs are available and with a distribution such that MDPs can be derived and the BOXER method applied.
    Description: Published
    Description: 969–996
    Description: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Flow front mobility of rock avalanches as a function of flow volume, grain size, channel width, basal friction and flow scale (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: The ability to predict the mobility of rock avalanches is necessary when designing strategies to mitigate the risks they pose. A popular mobility indicator of the flow front is the Heim’s apparent friction coefficient muH. In the field, muH shows a decrease in value as flow volume V increases. But this correlation has been a mystery as to whether it is due to a causal relationship between V and mobility since: (1) field data of muH do not collapse onto a single curve because typically widely scattered and (2) laboratory experiments have shown an opposite volume effect on the center of mass mobility of miniature flows. My numerical simulations confirm for the first time the existence of a functional relationship of scaling parameters where muH decreases as V increases in unsteady and nonuniform 3D flows. Data scatter is caused by muH that is affected by numerous other variables besides V. The interplay of these variables produces different granular regimes with opposite volume effects. In particular, muH decreases as V increases in the regime characterized by a relatively rough subsurface. The relationship holds for large-scale flows that, like rock avalanches, consist of a very large number of fine clasts traveling in wide channels. In these dense flows, flow front mobility increases as flow volume increases, as channel width increases, as grain size decreases, as basal friction decreases and as flow scale increases. Larger-scale flows are more mobile because they have larger Froude number values.
    Description: Published
    Description: 933–947
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Pyroclastic Flows ; Rock Avalanches ; Flow Front ; Mobility
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Imaging Upper-Mantle Anisotropy with Transdimensional Bayesian Monte Carlo Sampling (2024)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Underdetermination is a condition affecting all problems in seismic imaging. It manifests mainly in the nonuniqueness of the models inferred from the data. This condition is exacerbated if simplifying hypotheses like isotropy are discarded in favor of more realistic anisotropic models that, although supported by seismological evidence, require more free parameters. Investigating the connections between underdetermination and anisotropy requires the implementation of solvers which explore the whole family of possibilities behind nonuniqueness and allow for more informed conclusions about the interpretation of the seismic models. Because these aspects cannot be investigated using traditional iterative linearized inversion schemes with regularization constraints that collapse the infinite possible models into a unique solution, we explore the application of transdimensional Bayesian Monte Carlo sampling to address the consequences of underdetermination in anisotropic seismic imaging. We show how teleseismic waves of P and S phases can constrain upper‐mantle anisotropy and the amount of additional information these data provide in terms of uncertainty and trade‐offs among multiple fields.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1214–1226
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Holocene relative sea-level changes along the Caribbean and Pacific coasts of northwestern South America (2024)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: All Rights Reserved
    Description: Predicting coastal change depends upon our knowledge of postglacial relative sea-level variability, partly controlled by glacio-isostatic responses to ice-sheet melting. Here, we reconstruct the postglacial relative sea-level changes along the Caribbean and Pacific coasts of northwestern South America by numerically solving the sea-level equation with two scenarios of mantle viscosity: global standard average and high viscosity. Our results with the standard model (applicable to the Pacific coast) agree with earlier studies by indicating a mid-Northgrippian high stand of ~2 m. The high-viscosity simulation (relevant to the Caribbean coast) shows that the transition from far- to intermediate-field influence of the Laurentide Ice Sheet occurs between Manzanillo del Mar and the Gulf of Morrosquillo. South of this location, the Colombian Caribbean coast has exhibited a still stand with a nearly constant Holocene relative sea level. By analyzing our simulations considering sea-level indicators, we argue that tectonics is more prominent than previously assumed, especially along the Caribbean coast. This influence prevents a simplified view of regional relative sea-level changes on the northwestern South American coast.
    Description: Published
    Description: 28-43
    Description: OSA4: Ambiente marino, fascia costiera ed Oceanografia operativa
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    Seismic T Phases in the Western-Central Mediterranean: Source of Seismic Hazard? (2024)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: The Algerian offshore earthquake of 18 March 2021, Mw 6.0, was felt by people in various Italian regions, also at large epicentral distance. This unusual human perception far from the source prompted us to analyze the waveforms recorded by land seismic stations installed along the Iberian, French, and Italian coasts. On some seismograms of the selected network, prominent T phases are detected. T waves can travel in the SOund Fixing And Ranging (SOFAR) channel over great distances (thousands of kilometers) with little loss in signal strength and be recorded by near‐coastal seismometers after the P (primary) and S (secondary) phases (hence T or tertiary phases). To explain the subjective perception of ground shaking with quantities that are measured on the seismogram, we estimated the empirical macroseismic intensities for both body and T phases and we calculated the body‐wave seismic attenuation. The P‐wave anelastic attenuation analysis shows two main wave propagation patterns that reflect lithosphere heterogeneity of the Algerian, Liguro‐Provençal, and Tyrrhenian basins. We find that in some cases, in particular along the Italian and French coasts, the largest ground shaking is caused by the T phase. Our observations confirm that the central‐western Mediterranean Sea is a favorable site for T‐wave propagation and suggest that the T phases should be taken into account in ground‐shaking hazard assessment for the central‐western Mediterranean.
    Description: Published
    Description: 859–869
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    On estimating the phase scintillation index using TEC provided by ISM and IGS professional GNSS receivers and machine learning (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Amplitude and phase scintillation indexes (S4 and SigmaPhi) provided by Ionospheric Scintillation Monitoring (ISM) receivers are the most used GNSS-based indicators of the signal fluctuations induced by the presence of ionospheric irregularities. These indexes are available only from ISM receivers which are not as abundant as other types of professional GNSS receivers, resulting in limited geographic distribution. This makes the scintillation indexes measurements rare and sparse compared to other types of ionospheric measurements available from GNSS receivers. Total Electron Content (TEC), on the other hand, is an ionospheric parameter available from a wide range of multi-frequency GNSS receivers. Many efforts have worked on establishing scintillation indicators based on TEC, and geodetic receivers in general, introducing various metrics, including the Rate of TEC change (ROT) and ROT Index (ROTI). However, a possible relationship between TEC and its variation, and the corresponding scintillation index that an Ionospheric Scintillation Monitor (ISM) receiver would estimate is not trivial. In principle, TEC can be retrieved from carrier phase measurements of the GNSS receiver, as . We investigate how to estimate SigmaPhi from time series of TEC and ROT measurements from an ISM in Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard) using Machine Learning (ML). To evaluate its usability to estimate SigmaPhi from geodetic receivers, the model is tested using TEC data provided by a quasi-co-located geodetic receiver belonging to the International GNSS Service (IGS) network. It is shown that the model performance when TEC from the IGS receiver is used gives comparable results to the model performance when TEC from the ISM receiver is utilised. The model's ability to infer the exact value of the scintillation index is bound to Mean Square Error (MSE) = 0.1 radians^2 when SigmaPhi 〈 0. 8 radians. For SigmaPhi 〉 0. 8 radians the MSE reaches 0.18 and 0.45 radians^2 in operative testing using ISM and IGS measurements, respectively. However, the model’s ability to detect phase scintillation from IGS TEC measurements is comparable to expert visual inspection. Such a model has potential in alerting against phase fluctuations resulting in enhanced SigmaPhi, especially in locations where ISM receivers are not available, but other types of dual-frequency GNSS receivers are present.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3753-3771
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 14
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    Decolonizing western science education and knowledge in early childhood: Rethinking natural hazards and disasters framework through indigenous ‘ecology of knowledges’ in Kenya (2023)
    sage
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: This article presents the epistemological complexity inherent in the roll out of an international project on Disaster and Risk Reduction, and consequently about science education in the Indigenous context of Turkana County in Kenya. After an introduction that explains the current state of Disaster and Risk Reduction, the paper focuses on the ‘Paper Volcanoes Laboratory’ program and toolkit for children and teachers, which aims to spread awareness about natural hazards among children. The paper argues that the geographical, social and educational context where the project is carried out is critical to consider, and decolonial studies provide a conceptual and theoretical framework for this project. This allows to recognize reproduction of infantilization of Indigenous people and children through Western knowledge and science if implemented without consideration for local contexts, and demonstrates how Western educational projects have been a tool of discrimination and colonization. However, at the same time, it opens up the possibility for a dialogue and an encounter between the different epistemologies present in a project that was conceptualized within the Western context, but is to be carried out in Turkana County in Kenya.
    Description: IUGG grant
    Description: Published
    Description: 197-213
    Description: OSV4: Preparazione alle crisi vulcaniche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: volcanic risk, education, children, devolonization, paper volcanoes lab
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  • 15
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    Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Climate Sciences – Highlighting Past and Current Scientific Achievements (2023)
    Egu-Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: In the online seminar series “Perspectives on Climate Sciences: from Historical Developments to Future Frontiers”, which took place during 2020–2021, well-known and established scientists from several fields – including mathematics, physics, climate science and ecology – presented their perspectives on the evolution of climate science and on relevant scientific concepts. This special issue aims to create a platform for a more detailed elaboration of the topics discussed in the seminars but also to publish new scientific findings. In this paper, we first give an overview of the content of the seminar series, and then we introduce the written contributions to this special issue. In line with the spirit of the seminar series, this paper is structured along thematic areas of the broad field of climate science, conveying different perspectives on the climate system: geophysical fluid dynamics, dynamical systems theory, multiscale processes, statistical physics, paleoclimate and the human dimension.
    Description: Published
    Description: 185–193
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 16
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    Recalibration of the Intensity Prediction Equation in Italy Using the Macroseismic Dataset DBMI15 Version 2.0 (2024)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Werecomputethecoefficients of the intensity prediction equation (IPE) in Italy using the data of the DBMI15 version 2.0 (v.2.0) intensity database and the instrumental and combined (instrumental plus macroseismic) magnitudes reported by the CPTI15 v.2.0 catalog. Wefollow the same procedure described in the previous article, consisting of a first step in which the attenuation of intensity I with respect to the distance D from macroseismic hypocenter is referred to the expected intensity at the epicenter IE and a second step in which IE is related to the instrumental magnitude Mi, the combined magnitude Mc,the epicentral intensity I0, and the maximum intensity Imax using error-in-variable (EIV) regression methods. The main methodological difference with respect to the original article concerns the estimation of the uncertainty of IE to be used for EIV regressions, which is empirically derived from the standard deviation of regression between IE and Mi and also used for the regressions of IE with Mc, I0,andImax. In summary, the new IPE determined from DBMI15 v.2.0 is I IE−0:0081D−h−1:072 lnD−lnh , in which D p R2 h2 , h = 4.49 km, and IE can be calculated from the intensity data distribution of the earthquake. If the intensity data distribution is not available, IE can be calculated from the following relationships IE −2:578 1:867Mw,IE I0.
    Description: In press
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 17
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    Macroseismic intensity attenuation models calibrated in Mw for Italy (2024)
    Springer-Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: This study aims at developing new macroseismic intensity attenuation models valid for Italy by exploiting the most updated macroseismic dataset and earthquakes catalogue, as well as the information obtained from a critical analysis of the most recent models in the literature. Several different attenuation models have been calibrated as a function of the moment magnitude (Mw) and epicentral distance from 16,260 intensity data points, that are related to 119 earthquakes occurred after 1900. According to trends and residuals analysis, the preferred calibrated intensity attenuation function is a Log-Linear model for epicentral distance (Repi in km) and a linear model for Mw as: I(MCS) = 1.81 − 2.61LogR − 0.0039R + 1.42Mw with pseudo hypocentral distance R = √R2 + (9.87)2 ; the estimated standard deviation is epi σ=0.75. Also noteworthy is another model for macroseismic intensity attenuation that proved to be as good as the best model and shows higher sensitivity to physical parameters, such as focal depth and magnitude, especially in the epicentral area. Performance of all calibrated models was also checked on an independent set of 15 post-1900 Italian earth- quakes. One of the results of the present work is the opportunity to define earthquake sce- narios (e.g. probabilistic seismic hazard maps) in terms of Macroseismic Intensity and its related standard deviation, avoiding the uncertainties due to the conversion of various ground shaking parameters into intensity values.
    Description: Published
    Description: 795–843
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Macroseismic Intensity ; Intensity Attenuation ; Macroseismic Data ; Italy ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 18
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    A ticket to where? Dwindling snow cover impacts the winter tourism sector as a consequence of climate change (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Climate change affects human activities, including tourism across various sectors and time frames. The winter tourism industry, dependent on low temperatures, faces significant impacts. This paper reviews the implications of climate change on winter tourism, emphasising challenges for activities like skiing and snowboarding, which rely on consistent snowfall and low temperatures. As the climate changes, these once taken-for-granted conditions are no longer as commonplace. Through a comprehensive review supported by up-to-date satellite imagery, this paper presents evidence suggesting that the reliability of winter snow is decreasing, with findings revealing a progressive reduction in snow levels associated with temperature and precipitation changes in some regions. The analysis underscores the need for concerted efforts by stakeholders who must recognize the reality of diminishing snow availability and work towards understanding the specific changes in snow patterns. This should involve multi-risk and multi-instrument assessments, including ongoing satellite data monitoring to track snow cover changes. The practical implications for sports activities and the tourism industry reliant on snow involve addressing challenges by diversifying offerings. This includes developing alternative winter tourism activities less dependent on snow, such as winter hiking, nature walks, or cultural experiences.
    Description: Published
    Description: 120554
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Climate change ; Adaptation ; Tourism losses ; Winter sport ; Multi-date satellite imagery ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 19
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    The ShakeMap Atlas of Historical Earthquakes in Italy: Configuration and Validation (2023)
    SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Italy has a long tradition of studies on the seismic history of the country and the neighboring areas. Several archives and databases dealing with historical earthquake data—primarily intensity data points—have been published and are constantly updated. Macroseismic fields of significant events are of foremost importance in assessing earthquake effects and for the evaluation of seismic hazards. Here, we adopt the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)‐ShakeMap software to calculate the maps of strong ground shaking (shakemaps) of 79 historical earthquakes with magnitude ≥6 that have occurred in Italy between 1117 and 1968 C.E. We use the macroseismic data published in the Italian Macroseismic Database (DBMI15). The shakemaps have been determined using two different configurations. The first adopts the virtual intensity prediction equations approach (VIPE; i.e., a combination of ground‐motion models [GMMs] and ground‐motion intensity conversion equations [GMICEs]; Bindi, Pacor, et al., 2011; Oliveti et al., 2022b). The second exploits the intensity prediction equations (IPE; Pasolini, Albarello, et al., 2008; Lolli et al., 2019). The VIPE configuration has been found to provide more accurate results after appraisal through a cross‐validation analysis and has been applied for the generation of the ShakeMap Atlas. The resulting maps are published in the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) ShakeMap (see Data and Resources; Oliveti et al., 2023), and in the Italian Archive of Historical Earthquake Data (ASMI; see Data and Resources; Rovida et al., 2017) platforms.
    Description: Published
    Description: 21–37
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
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  • 20
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    Design displacement for lifelines at fault crossings: the code-based approach for Europe (2023)
    Springer-Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: The earthquake-resistant design of lifelines, such as pipelines, tunnels and bridges, is based on the reliable representation and estimation of the seismic loading. In the case of lifeline–fault crossings, the design fault displacement is typically derived from estimates based on fault dimensions via empirical fault scaling relations for a given “design” scenario event. This approach comes with an unknown level of safety because the fault productivity and the actual distribution of earthquake events are essentially disregarded. To overcome this challenge, a simplified approach is proposed by statistically analyzing the outcome of probabilistic fault displacement hazard analyses (PFDHAs). A selection of faults from the 2020 European Fault-Source Model is used to build the logic tree and to set the range of parameters considered in the PFDHAs. The methodology allows the (mostly conservative) approximation of the fault displacement corresponding to any given return period based on readily available data, namely fault productivity, fault mechanism, fault length, and lifeline crossing location on the fault. The proposed methodology has been proposed and adopted as an informative Annex in prEN 1998-4:2022.
    Description: Open access funding provided by HEAL-Link Greece. The current work has been partially undertaken in as part of the Horizon 2020 Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance in Europe (SERA, Grant Agreement No. 730900). The first and the second author have received partial funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme “METIS-Seismic Risk Assessment for Nuclear Safety” under Grant Agreement No. 945121 and also, the financial support provided by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (H.F.R.I.) under the “2nd Call for H.F.R.I. Research Projects to support Faculty Members & Researchers”, Project “TwinCity—Climate-Aware Risk and Resilience Assessment of Urban Areas under Multiple Environmental Stressors via Multi-Tiered Digital City Twinning” (Number: 2515) is gratefully acknowledged.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2677–2720
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Lifelines ; Fault crossing ; Design fault displacement ; Uncertainties ; Eurocodes ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 21
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    Hydrology Drives Crustal Deformation and Modulates Seismicity in the Matese Massif (Italy) (2024)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: We analyze the interplay between hydrology, deformation and seismicity in the Matese massif, located in the Italian Southern Apennines. We find that this area is characterized by the concurrent action of two hydrologically-driven processes: the first is the deformation detected by GNSS data in the shallowest part (above the elevation of the major springs) of the Earth crust, in phase with the hydrological forcing; the second is the triggering of seismicity at depth with a delay suggesting a downward diffusive process. We study the first process by applying a Principal Component Analysis to the GNSS displacements time series, aiming to identify a common signal describing the largest data variance. We find that the maximum horizontal displacements associated with the first principal component (PC1) are larger than 1 cm in two GNSS sites and the PC1 temporal evolution is well correlated and in phase with the flow of the largest spring of the region, which we consider as proxy of the water content of the massif. This suggests that the main source of horizontal deformation is the water content fluctuations in the shallow portion of the Matese aquifer, in particular within fractures located in correspondence of the main mapped faults. The deformation rates caused by this process are one order of magnitude larger than the tectonic ones. Finally, we infer the second process by observing the correlation between the background seismicity and the spring discharge with a time lag of 121 days. In our interpretation, downward diffusive processes, driven by aquifer water content variations, propagate pore pressure waves that affect the faults strength favoring the occurrence of micro-earthquakes. This is supported by the values of hydraulic diffusivity (1.5 m^2/s) and rock permeability (3.2-3.8⋅10^−13 m^2), which are compatible with what is observed in karstified limestones.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1899–1912
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 22
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    Validation of the IRI-2020 topside ionosphere options through in-situ electron density observations by low-Earth-orbit satellites (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: The topside ionosphere extends from the F2-layer peak, where the electron density reaches its absolute maximum in the ionosphere, to the overlying plasmasphere and magnetosphere. In the topside ionosphere, the electron density decreases with height with a vertical variation rate strongly dependent on height itself. The last version of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model, i.e., IRI-2020, describes this complex behavior through four topside options based on different sub-models (i.e., options) developed from the 1970s to the present. All these options have in common the F2-layer peak as an anchor point, while they differ in their topside electron density profile and/or plasma effective scale height formulations. In this work, we perform a validation of the accuracy of the four IRI-2020 topside options based on the comparison against in-situ electron density observations by Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON), and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F15 low-Earth-orbit satellites. Datasets used in this study encompass observations recorded from 1999 to 2022, covering different diurnal, seasonal, and solar activity conditions, on a global basis and for the height range 400–850 km above the ground. The nearly two solar cycles dataset facilitated the evaluation of IRI-2020 topside options ability to reproduce the spatial and time variations of the topside ionosphere for different solar activity conditions. The weaknesses and strengths of each IRI-2020 topside option are highlighted and discussed, and suggestions on how to improve the modeling of the challenging topside ionosphere region within the IRI model are provided for future reference.
    Description: In press
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Topside ionosphere modeling ; International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model ; In-situ electron density observations ; Low-Earth-Orbit satellites ; 01.02. Ionosphere
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  • 23
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    Improving seimic hazard assessment in the Mediterranean Region (2023)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: This paper is intended as a short presentation of the main limitations affecting seismic hazard assessment, revisiting possible methods available in the literature to be applied for this purpose. The convergence of the African Plate with the Eurasian Plate is the cause of the high seismic activity characterizing the Mediterranean region, with particular intensity in its eastern part. It is clear that the associated seismic risk requires appropriate measures for its mitigation. Seismic risk, the amount of resources that the community is expected to pay to earthquakes in the long term, is the product of three factors, such as seismic hazard, vulnerability and value of the exposed goods. As earthquakes cannot be prevented, seismic risk can be mitigated by improving our knowledge of seismic hazard, which is largely based on statistical analysis of historical earthquake catalogs. Nevertheless, historical records are affected by problems of reliability, completeness and shortness, as they commonly span time lengths of the same order of magnitude or even shorter than the inter-event time of the strongest earthquakes produced by specific seismic sources. In this respect, alternative methods can be proposed for integrating and improving our knowledge of seismogenic processes, and estimating both time-independent and time-dependent occurrence rates of strong earthquakes. We propose the application of physics-based earthquake simulators, requiring the knowledge of a robust geological-geophysical seismogenic model.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismic Hazard Assessment ; Statistical analysis; ; Historical earthquake catalogs ; Earthquake simulators ; Mediterranean region ; 04.06. Seismology
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  • 24
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    Products and dynamics of lava-snow explosions: The 16 March 2017 explosion at Mount Etna, Italy (2024)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Volcanic hazards associated with lava flows advancing on snow cover are often underrated, although sudden explosions related to different processes of lava-snow/ice contact can occur rapidly and are only preceded by small, easily underrated precursors. On 16 March 2017, during a mildly effusive and explosive eruption at Mount Etna, Italy, a slowly advancing lava lobe interacted with the snow cover to produce a sudden, brief sequence of explosions. White vapor, brown ash, and coarse material were suddenly ejected, and the products struck a group of people, injuring some of them. The proximal deposit formed a continuous mantle of ash, lapilli, and decimeter-sized bombs, while the ballistic material travelled up to 200 m from the lava edge. The deposit was estimated to have a mass of 7.1 ± 0.8 × 104 kg, which corresponds to a volume of 32.0 ± 3.6 m3 of lava being removed by the explosion. Data related to the texture and morphology of the ejected clasts were used to constrain a model of lava-snow interaction. The results suggest that the mechanism causing the explosions was the progressive build-up of pressure due to vapor accumulation under the lava flow, while no evidence was found for the occurrence of fuel-coolant interaction processes. Although these low-intensity explosions are not particularly frequent, the data set collected provides, for the first time, quantitative information about the processes involved and the associated hazard and suggests that mitigation measures should be established to prevent potentially dramatic accidents at worldwide volcanoes frequented by tourists and with fairly easy access, such as Etna.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2325–2342
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 25
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    Remote sensing, archaeology and historical records: looking for 1624 earthquake traces in San Giorgio parish church of Argenta (Italy) (2024)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: The present work is part of a research program financed by INGV in order to look for traces of earthquakes occurred in the past on historical buildings. At that aim, a method based on remote sensing techniques was proposed and applied to San Giorgio parish church in Argenta (Ferrara, Italy). That church was chosen because of notable availability of historical and archaeological material, already catalogued in the past years, allowing the identification of structures belonging to periods before and after the 1624 earthquake. Data provided by terrestrial remote sensing techniques (digital photogrammetry supported by laser scanning) made possible the recognition of patterns that could be due to that strong seismic event or, in general, to one or more calamitous events. The results show that the proposed method can provide potentially useful data to help confirming or excluding historical hypotheses or helping to fill information gaps. However, it should be stressed that the proposed approach does not enable the identification of unknown seismic events, providing instead data that can be associated with already known events.
    Description: INGV RIcerca Libera RESCUE (2021)
    Description: Published
    Description: SE109
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 26
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    The 3D Crustal Structure in the Epicentral Region of the 1980, Mw 6.9, Southern Apennines Earthquake (Southern Italy): New Constraints From the Integration of Seismic Exploration Data, Deep Wells, and Local Earthquake Tomography (2024)
    Wiley-Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: We present the first 3D crustal model of the epicentral region of the 1980, Mw 6.9, normal-faulting Irpinia earthquake (southern Italy) determined by jointly interpreting the CROP-04 deep seismic profile, a grid of commercial seismic lines, deep exploration wells, and a high-resolution Local Earthquake Tomography. Despite numerous seismotectonic surveys and source studies of the background seismicity recorded by dense networks, a complete 3D geological model of the mid-upper crust was still lacking in the region. The architecture of the Neogene fold-and-thrust belt is also debated, with competing thin- and thick-skinned tectonic interpretations. We use the 3D geological model derived from subsurface exploration data to interpret the upper crustal tomographic velocities in terms of rock physical properties, while Vp and Vp/Vs anomalies provide inferences on the deep structural setting down to 12 km depth. We find that a thick-skinned deformation style allows explaining the geometry of Pliocene fold-and-thrust systems deforming the Apulian carbonates but also deeper Permo-Triassic metasediments and the Paleozoic crystalline femic basement. Inherited compressional structures and lithological heterogeneities control background seismicity occurring at two crustal levels. Fluid-driven shallow seismicity (〈4–6 km) concentrates in a high-Vp/Vs wedge of fractured, brine-saturated Mesozoic stiff rocks delimited by the 1980 earthquake faults. Deep seismicity (9–14 km) clusters instead within the low-Vp/Vs crystalline basement underneath the Apulian carbonate ramp-anticlines. Commercial seismic data allow us to identify the Irpinia Fault, the main fault ruptured by the 1980 earthquake, reinforcing its previous interpretations as an immature structure with subtle geological and geophysical evidence.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2023TC008056
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 27
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    Depth and Spatial Variation of the Shear Wave Attenuation Parameters in the Shallow Crust and Lower Crust/Upper Mantle of Mt. Etna (Italy) (2024)
    Springer-Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Seismic wave attenuation is a key feature of seismic wave propagation that provides constraints on the composition and physical state of the medium within the Earth. We separated intrinsic and scattering attenuation coefficients for the shallow crust and lower crust/upper mantle in the Mt. Etna area. For this purpose, the Multiple Lapse Time Window Analysis (MLTWA) was applied to two groups of earthquakes, well separated in depth. We also studied the spatial variation of the attenuation parameters by dividing the study area into four sectors around Etna. The results show an effective homogeneity of the propagation characteristics inside Etna and, in particular, some lateral variations and minor variations with depth. We observe that structural discontinuities and lithology control scattering losses at all frequencies, with higher scattering in the shallow crust. The intrinsic absorption shows no sensitivity to the presence of these main geological structures and is quite uniform for different depths. Furthermore, compared to the northern sector of the volcano, the southern one shows stronger scattering attenuation at low frequencies. This pattern correlates well with the high seismic activity along most of Etna’s active tectonic structures and ascending magmatic fluids that characterize this sector of the volcano. Although we only discuss the differences in the ‘‘average’’ scattering and inelastic properties of the investigated volumes, the results of this study are very informative about the characteristics of each region. Moreover, they suggest that a future study is necessary, providing a more detailed picture of the spatial distribution of seismic attenuation in the study area, through a 3D inversion of the attenuation parameters estimated along the single source-receiver paths.
    Description: Published
    Description: 171–187
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
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    The last 1100 years of activity of La Fossa caldera, Vulcano Island (Italy): new insights into stratigraphy, chronology, and landscape evolution (2024)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: A detailed study of past eruptive activity is crucial to understanding volcanic systems and associated hazards. We present a meticulous stratigraphic analysis, a comprehensive chronological reconstruction, thorough tephra mapping, and a detailed analysis of the interplay between primary and secondary volcanic processes of the post-900 AD activity of La Fossa caldera, including the two main systems of La Fossa volcano and Vulcanello cones (Vulcano Island, Italy). Our analyses demonstrate how the recent volcanic activity of La Fossa caldera is primarily characterized by effusive and Strombolian activity and Vulcanian eruptions, combined with sporadic sub-Plinian events and both impulsive and long-lasting phreatic explosions, all of which have the capacity to severely impact the entire northern sector of Vulcano island. We document a total of 30 eruptions, 25 from the La Fossa volcano and 5 from Vulcanello cones, consisting of ash to lapilli deposits and fields of ballistic bombs and blocks. Volcanic activity alternated with significant erosional phases and volcaniclastic re-sedimentation. Large-scale secondary erosion processes occur in response to the widespread deposition of fine-grained ash blankets, both onto the active cone of La Fossa and the watersheds conveying their waters into the La Fossa caldera. The continuous increase in ground height above sea level, particularly in the western sector of the caldera depression where key infrastructure is situated, is primarily attributed to long-term alluvial processes. We demonstrate how a specific methodological approach is key to the characterization and hazard assessment of low-to-high intensity volcanic activity, where tephra is emitted over long time periods and is intercalated with phases of erosion and re-sedimentation.
    Description: Open access funding provided by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.
    Description: Published
    Description: 47
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Active caldera; Aeolian archipelago; Historical eruptions; Island of Vulcano; Tephra; Volcano stratigraphy ; 04.08. Volcanology
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  • 29
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    Why Bolle's Laurel Pigeon Columba bollii is not named Wagler's Laurel Pigeon Columba lamprauchen (2024)
    British Ornithologists' Club
    In:  Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club vol. 144 no. 2
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: The Canary Islands endemic Bolle's Laurel Pigeon Columba bollii was described as a species in 1872 by Godman. A specimen of the same species collected more than 75 years earlier, during the 1796–98 expedition commanded by Baudin, was instead believed to be an example of the Jamaican endemic, Ring-tailed Pigeon Patagioenas caribaea (Jacquin, 1784). However, in 1827 its identity had been questioned by Wagler, who believed the specimen represented a separate Caribbean species that he named Columba Lamprauchen. Although Wagler's name is senior to Godman's, we demonstrate that, following the International code of zoological nomenclature, Columba bollii should be used as the correct name for this Canarian species.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 30
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    Orchidantha anthracina (Lowiaceae), a new species from Vietnam (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 90-93
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Orchidantha anthracina (Lowiaceae), discovered at the south central coast of Vietnam, is described and illustrated, bringing the total number of species in the family to 26, of which four occur in Vietnam. The notes on distribution, habitat and etymology are given and a preliminary conservation assessment is provided. The species is compared with O. vietnamica, with which it shares flowers of similar size and colours, but from which it is readily distinguished by a narrow and strongly reflexed dorsal sepal and spreading lateral sepals, not supporting the labellum. Notes with additional comparisons to all species with a similar arrangement of lateral sepals are also provided.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Orchidantha grandiflora ; Orchidantha inouei ; Orchidantha vietnamica ; Phú Yên province ; south central coast of Vietnam ; vulnerable ; Zingiberales
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Tracing Geographic and Molecular Footprints of Copepod Crustaceans Causing Multifocal Purple Spots Syndrome in the Caribbean Sea Fan Gorgonia ventalina (2024)
    In:  Diversity vol. 16 no. 5
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: The recent rise in ocean temperatures, accompanied by other environmental changes, has notably increased the occurrence and spread of diseases in Octocorallia, many species of which are integral to shallow tropical and subtropical coral reef ecosystems. This study focuses on the understanding of these diseases, which has been largely limited to symptomatic descriptions, with clear etiological factors identified in only a fraction of cases. A key example is the multifocal purple spots syndrome (MFPS) affecting the common Caribbean octocoral sea fan Gorgonia ventalina, linked to the gall-forming copepods of the genus Sphaerippe, a member of the widespread family, Lamippidae. The specialized nature of these copepods as endoparasites in octocorals suggests the potential for the discovery of similar diseases across this host spectrum. Our investigation employed four molecular markers to study disease hotspots in Saint Eustatius, Curaçao, northwest and southwest Cuba, and Bonaire. This led to the discovery of a group of copepod species in these varied Caribbean locations. Importantly, these species are morphologically indistinguishable through traditional methods, challenging established taxonomic approaches. The observed diversity of symbionts, despite the host species’ genetic uniformity, is likely due to variations in larval dispersal mechanisms. Our phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the Lamippidae copepods belong to the order, Poecilostomatoida (Copepoda), and revealed their sister group relationship with the Anchimolgidae, Rhynchomolgidae, and Xarifiidae clades, known for their symbiotic relationships with scleractinian corals. These results add to our understanding of the evolutionary and ecological interactions of copepods and their hosts, and the diseases that they cause, and are important data in a changing climate.
    Keywords: parasites ; gorgonian octocorals ; integrative taxonomic approach ; phylogenetic analysis ; Caribbean region ; copepod crustaceans ; Lamippidae
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Three new combinations in Villaria (Octotropideae, Rubiaceae), an endemic genus from the Philippines (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 86-89
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Three new species combinations are made under Villaria for the Philippine endemics Hypobathrum coriaceum, H. multibracteatum and H. purpureum. Morphological features of these three Hypobathrum species revealed a closer resemblance with Villaria than with Hypobathrum, as the three Philippine endemics possess a unilocular ovary with parietal placentation; a character that is not found in any genera of Octotropideae except in Villaria. Lectotypes and a neotype are selected.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Hypobathrum ; Ixoroideae ; Octotropideae ; Philippine endemics ; Rubiaceae ; Villaria
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 33
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    Pond area and availability safeguard amphibian genetic diversity across Iberia's largest protected wetland (2024)
    In:  Freshwater Biology vol. 2024
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: 1. Wetland ecosystems worldwide are threatened by habitat alteration, climate change and the introduction of invasive species, even within protected areas. Unravelling the reliance of sensitive wetland-dwelling species, such as amphibians, on habitat characteristics is thus essential to identify conservation targets. 2. Here we assess the distribution of genetic diversity of two strongly aquatic amphibians (Pelophylax perezi and Pleurodeles waltl) in association with habitat features across the most extensive, protected wetland of the Iberian Peninsula: Doñana National Park. 3. Despite inhabiting a protected area free from anthropogenic barriers, the genetic diversity of P. perezi and P. waltl is not homogeneously distributed across the wetland, but instead concentrates in core areas, mainly in the northern zone. Both genetic diversity and connectivity (as opposed to genetic differentiation) showed significant positive associations with the area of the breeding sites and the flooded area surrounding the breeding sites within the dispersal potential of either species, that is nearby pond availability. 4. Large water bodies connected to abundant temporary ponds are key for the maintenance of amphibian genetic diversity. Nevertheless, the core populations of our target species, which show markedly aquatic habits, are concentrated in areas colonised by invasive species, which could compromise their long-term viability. 5. Our results highlight that maintaining widely connected arrays of ponds of different hydroperiods, including large breeding sites free from invasive predators and competitors, is paramount for amphibian conservation in Mediterranean wetlands.
    Keywords: functional connectivity ; genetic differentiation ; genetic structure ; Pelophylax perezi ; Pleurodeles Waltl
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Stony Corals and Their Associated Fauna Residing in Marine Lakes under Extreme Environmental Conditions (2024)
    In:  Diversity vol. 16 no. 5
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Tropical marine lakes are small land-locked marine waterbodies occurring in karstic coastal areas. During biodiversity surveys in 12 marine lakes in Raja Ampat, Southwest Papua province, Indonesia, we recorded at least 37 species belonging to 29 genera of hard corals. Their observed associated symbiont fauna consisted of bivalve molluscs and polychaete worms. Marine lake temperature ranged from 30.0 to 32.5 °C, acidity from pH 7.6 to 8.1, and salinity from 26.4 to 33.2 ppt. This study provides the first inventory of the marginal coral communities in the extreme habitat of marine lakes, under chronic extreme environmental conditions of higher temperatures, land-based nutrient loads, and sedimentation.
    Keywords: extreme habitat ; marginal coral communities ; environmental limits ; anchialine ; Raja Ampat ; Bird’s Head Peninsula ; Indonesia
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    COI metabarcoding of large benthic Foraminifera: Method validation for application in ecological studies (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  Ecology and Evolution vol. 12 no. e9549 | H2020 European Institute of Innovation and Technology, Grant/Award Number: 813360; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Grant/ Award Number: 16.161.301
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Monitoring community composition of Foraminifera (single-celled marine protists) pro-vides valuable insights into environmental conditions in marine ecosystems. Despitethe efficiency of environmental DNA (eDNA) and bulk-sample DNA (bulk-DNA) me-tabarcoding to assess the presence of multiple taxa, this has not been straightforwardfor Foraminifera partially due to the high genetic variability in widely used ribosomalmarkers. Here, we test the correctness in retrieving foraminiferal communities by me-tabarcoding of mock communities, bulk-DNA from coral reef sediment samples, andeDNA from their associated ethanol preservative using the recently sequenced cy-tochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) marker. To assess the detection success, we com-pared our results with large benthic foraminiferal communities previously reportedfrom the same sampling sites. Results from our mock communities demonstrate thatall species were detected in two mock communities and all but one in the remainingfour. Technical replicates were highly similar in number of reads for each assigned ASVin both the mock communities and bulk-DNA samples. Bulk-DNA showed a signifi-cantly higher species richness than their associated eDNA samples, and also detectedadditional species to what was already reported at the specific sites. Our study con-firms that metabarcoding using the foraminiferal COI marker adequately retrieves thediversity and community composition of both the mock communities and the bulk-DNA samples. With its decreased variability compared with the commonly used nu-clear 18 S rRNA, the COI marker renders bulk-DNA metabarcoding a powerful tool toassess foraminiferal community composition under the condition that the referencedatabase is adequate to the target taxa.
    Keywords: bulk-sample ; DNA ; community composition ; coral reef ; environmental DNA ; foraminifera ; metabarcoding
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    The Punta de la Mona Rhodolith Bed: Shallow-Water Mediterranean Rhodoliths (Almuñecar, Granada, Southern Spain) (2022)
    Frontiers Media SA
    In:  Frontiers in Earth Science vol. 10 no. 884685
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Shallow-water rhodolith beds are rare in the Mediterranean Sea and generally poorly known. The Punta de la Mona rhodolith bed extends for 16,000 square meters in shallow and oligotrophic waters at the southern coast of Spain, off Almuñecar in the Alborán Sea. We present a detailed analysis of the structure (rhodolith cover and density, rhodolith size and shape, sediment granulometry) and morphospecies composition of the bed along a depth gradient. A stratified sampling was carried out at six depths (9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 m), estimating rhodolith cover and abundance; rhodoliths were collected from one 30 by 30 cm quadrat for each transect, resulting in 18 samples and a total of 656 rhodoliths. The collected rhodoliths were measured and the coralline algal components identified morphoanatomically through a stereomicroscope and SEM. Sediment on the seafloor mainly consisted of pebbles and cobbles; the highest rhodolith cover occurred between 15 and 18 m, and the lowest at the shallowest and deepest transects (9 and 24 m). Mean Rhodolith size was similar throughout the depth range (23–35 mm) with a slight increase at 24 m, although the largest rhodoliths occurred at 21 m. In monospecific rhodoliths, size depended more on the forming species than on depth. We found 25 non-geniculate coralline morphospecies, nearly all rhodolith-forming morphospecies reported in the Mediterranean Sea in recent accounts. The highest morphospecies richness (18–19) and proportional abundance were found at intermediate depths (15–18 m), where rhodolith cover is also highest. Lithophyllum incrustans and Lithophyllum dentatum dominated at shallow depths (9–12 m), whereas Lithothamnion valens was the dominant species at intermediate and greater depths. Overall, the latter species was the most common in the rhodolith bed. The shallow-water rhodolith bed in Punta de la Mona is probably the most diverse in the Mediterranean Sea. This highlights the importance of the conservation of this habitat and, in general, emphasizes the role of the Alborán Sea as a diversity center of coralline algae. The Punta de la Mona example contradicts the common assumption in the geological literature that rhodolith beds are indicative of oligophotic environments with high nutrients levels.
    Keywords: coralline red algae ; depth-gradient patterns ; rhodolith cover and size ; rhodolith diversity ; Alboran sea
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    A standardized database of Last Interglacial (MIS 5e) sea-level indicators in Southeast Asia (2021)
    Copernicus GmbH
    In:  Earth System Science Data vol. 13 no. 9, pp. 4313-4329
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Marine Isotope Stage 5e (MIS 5e; the Last Interglacial, 125 ka) represents a process analog for a warmer world. Analysis of sea-level proxies formed in this period helps in constraining both regional and global drivers of sea-level change. In Southeast Asia, several studies have reported elevation and age information on MIS 5e sea-level proxies, such as fossil coral reef terraces or tidal notches, but a standardized database of such data was hitherto missing. In this paper, we produced such a sea-level database using the framework of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS; https://warmcoasts.eu/world-atlas.html). Overall, we screened and reviewed 14 studies on Last Interglacial sea-level indicators in Southeast Asia, from which we report 43 proxies (42 coral reef terraces and 1 tidal notch) that were correlated to 134 dated samples. Five data points date to MIS 5a (80 ka), six data points are MIS 5c (100 ka), and the rest are dated to MIS 5e. The database compiled in this study is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5040784 (Maxwell et al., 2021).
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    Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1: A Promising Molecular Marker for Species Identification in Foraminifera (2022)
    Frontiers Media SA
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science vol. 9 no. 809659
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Traditional morphological methods for species identification are highly time consuming, especially for small organisms, such as Foraminifera, a group of shell-building microbial eukaryotes. To analyze large amounts of samples more efficiently, species identification methods have extended to molecular tools in the last few decades. Although a wide range of phyla have good markers available, for Foraminifera only one hypervariable marker from the ribosomal region (18S) is widely used. Recently a new mitochondrial marker cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) has been sequenced. Here we investigate whether this marker has a higher potential for species identification compared to the ribosomal marker. We explore the genetic variability of both the 18S and COI markers in 22 benthic foraminiferal morphospecies (orders Miliolida and Rotaliida). Using single-cell DNA, the genetic variability within specimens (intra) and between specimens (inter) of each species was assessed using next-generation sequencing. Amplification success rate was twice as high for COI (151/200 specimens) than for 18S (73/200 specimens). The COI marker showed greatly decreased intra- and inter-specimen variability compared to 18S in six out of seven selected species. The 18S phylogenetic reconstruction fails to adequately cluster multiple species together in contrast to COI. Additionally, the COI marker helped recognize misclassified specimens difficult to morphologically identify to the species level. Integrative taxonomy, combining morphological and molecular characteristics, provides a robust picture of the foraminiferal species diversity. Finally, we suggest the use of a set of sequences (two or more) to describe species showing intra-genomic variability additionally to using multiple markers. Our findings highlight the potential of the newly discovered mitochondrial marker for molecular species identification and metabarcoding purposes.
    Keywords: protist ; high-throughput sequencing ; metabarcoding ; intra-genomic variation ; benthic foraminifera
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    Digitizing the coral reef: Machine learning of underwater spectral images enables dense taxonomic mapping of benthic habitats (2022)
    In:  Methods in Ecology and Evolution vol. 14 no. 2, pp. 596-613
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Coral reefs are the most biodiverse marine ecosystems, and host a wide range of taxonomic diversity in a complex spatial community structure. Existing coral reef survey methods struggle to accurately capture the taxonomic detail within the complex spatial structure of benthic communities. We propose a workflow to leverage underwater hyperspectral image transects and two machine learning algorithms to produce dense habitat maps of 1150 m2 of reefs across the Curaçao coastline. Our multi-method workflow labelled all 500+ million pixels with one of 43 classes at taxonomic family, genus or species level for corals, algae, sponges, or to substrate labels such as sediment, turf algae and cyanobacterial mats. With low annotation effort (only 2% of pixels) and no external data, our workflow enables accurate (Fbeta of 87%) survey-scale mapping, with unprecedented thematic detail and with fine spatial resolution (2.5 cm/pixel). Our assessments of the composition and configuration of the benthic communities of 23 image transects showed high consistency. Digitizing the reef habitat and community structure enables validation and novel analysis of pattern and scale in coral reef ecology. Our dense habitat maps reveal the inadequacies of point sampling methods to accurately describe reef benthic communities.
    Keywords: coral reefs ; habitat mapping ; hyperspectral imaging ; machine learning ; survey scale mapping ; thematic detail
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    Dynamics of large benthic foraminiferal assemblages: A tool to foreshadow reef degradation? (2022)
    In:  Science of The Total Environment vol. 811 no. 151396
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Ecological regime shifts in the marine realm have been recorded from a variety of systems and locations around the world. Coral reefs have been especially affected, with their benthic habitat changing from a dominance of stony corals to a dominance of other organisms such as fleshy algae. To detect changes in the benthic habitat of coral reefs, simple tools applicable on a global scale are necessary for future monitoring programs. Hence, the aim of this research is to explore the hypothesis that shifts in assemblages of large benthic foraminifera (LBF) can detect early signs of degradation in the reef benthic habitat. To do so, data on living assemblages of LBF collected between 1997 and 2018 at 12 islands in the Spermonde Archipelago (South Sulawesi, Indonesia) were analyzed. Foraminiferal specimens were morphologically identified to the species level and statistical analyses performed to assess changes in their assemblage composition. A clear temporal shift was observed. Typical foraminiferal assemblages in a coral-dominated (e.g., Amphistegina lobifera, Calcarina spengleri, Heterostegina depressa) and fleshy algaedominated (e.g., Neorotalia gaimardi, C. mayori) reef habitats were identified and significantly linked to the substrate type. Other species (e.g., Elphidium spp., Peneroplis planatus and Sphaerogypsina globulus) seem to reflect a spatial and temporal gradient of anthropogenic pollution from local inhabited islands and ongoing urban development on the mainland. Hence communities of LBF consistently follow gradual shifts in environmental conditions. Additionally to foraminiferal assemblages being an indicator for actual reef condition, closely monitoring LBF may provide early information on reef degradation, in time to take action against identified stressors (e.g., eutrophication or intensive fishing) at local and regional scales. The circumtropical distribution of LBF is such that they can be included worldwide in reef monitoring programs, conditional to calibration to the regional species pool.
    Keywords: Temporal dynamics ; Bioindicator ; Early detection ; Coral reef ; Spermonde Archipelago ; Indonesia
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    Marine conservation beyond MPAs: Towards the recognition of other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) in Indonesia (2022)
    In:  Marine Policy vol. 137 no. 104939
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: In a marine environment that is rapidly changing due to anthropogenic activities and climate change, area-based management tools are often used to mitigate threats and conserve biodiversity. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are amongst the most widespread and recognized marine conservation tools worldwide, however, MPAs alone are inadequate to address the environmental crisis. The promotion of other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) under draft Target 3 of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, i.e., conserving 30% of marine areas by 2030, holds promise to acknowledge sites and practices occurring beyond MPAs that contribute to conservation. Here, we evaluate the potential recognition of OECMs into Indonesia's national policy framework on marine resource management and provide the first-ever overview of distribution and types of potential marine OECMs in Indonesia, including a review of the existing evidence on conservation effectiveness. We identified 〉 390 potential marine OECMs, led by government, customary and local communities, or the private sector, towards diverse management objectives, including habitat protection, traditional/customary management, fisheries, tourism, or other purposes. While some evidence exists regarding the conservation effectiveness of these practices, the long-term impacts on biodiversity of all potential marine OECMs in Indonesia are unknown. Many OECM elements have been included in several national policies, yet there are no established mechanisms to identify, recognize and report sites as OECMs in Indonesia. We propose four transformational strategies for future OECM recognition in Indonesia, namely: (i) safeguard customary and traditional communities, (ii) leverage cross-sector and cross-scale collaboration, (iii) focus on delivering outcomes, and (iv) streamline legal frameworks. Our study shows that OECMs have the potential to play a significant role in underpinning marine area-based conservation in Indonesia, including supporting the Government of Indonesia in reaching national and international conservation targets and goals.
    Keywords: Area-based management ; Biodiversity conservation ; Customary management ; Fisheries ; Co-management ; Sustainable marine management
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    Watching Out for Coral Reefs With Forams (2024)
    Frontiers Media SA
    In:  Frontiers for Young Minds vol. 12 no. 1122119 |
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Lots of creatures live in coral reefs, including some tiny ones you might never have heard of. In this article, we will tell you about the importance of Foraminifera (also called forams), unicellular organisms with shells, that contribute to coral reefs in many ways. Just like corals, some forams living on the seafloor live closely together with microalgae. Some forams also thrive in similar environmental conditions (sunlight, temperature, salt) as corals. For this reason, forams can be used as reef “sensors”, to keep track of the overall health of coral reefs. They can even help to detect poor environmental conditions that might harm coral growth in the future. In this article, we will look at a study of an Indonesian reef ecosystem in which the foram communities living on the seafloor were monitored between 1997 and 2018.
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    One Cara Grande for Each Museum in the World: Borys Malkin and the Formation of Lowland South American Indigenous collections (1960-1970) (2023)
    In:  Journal for art market studies vol. 7 no. 1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Borys Malkin (1917-2009) is arguably one of the most important yet least known twentieth-cen-tury collectors of Indigenous material culture from South America, with especially numerous collecting expeditions to the Amazon region. In fact, his contact with museums worldwide and the systematic way in which he collected and sold his materials can be characterized as a form of wholesale collecting that rested upon the creation of chains of supply and demand typical of a market economy. In this article, we explore the ways in which Malkin engaged with Indigenous peoples, intermediaries, and museums in South America, North America and in Europe in order to create this network of “producers” or “suppliers”, on the one hand, and potential buyers on the other. We do so by presenting information about the scope and breadth of his Indigenous collections, and then investigating his modus operandi. We conclude that the successful spreading of his collections in various museums and the constant pres-ence in exhibitions of objects from collections formed by Malkin shaped, in a significant way, the face of Lowland South America in ethno-graphic museums of the Global North.
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    Simulation of the mid-Pliocene Warm Period using HadGEM3: experimental design and results from model–model and model–data comparison (2021)
    Copernicus GmbH
    In:  Climate of the Past vol. 17 no. 5, pp. 2139-2163
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Here we present the experimental design and results from a new mid-Pliocene simulation using the latest version of the UK's physical climate model, HadGEM3-GC31-LL, conducted under the auspices of CMIP6/PMIP4/PlioMIP2. Although two other palaeoclimate simulations have been recently run using this model, they both focused on more recent periods within the Quaternary, and therefore this is the first time this version of the UK model has been run this far back in time. The mid-Pliocene Warm Period, ∼3 Ma, is of particular interest because it represents a time period when the Earth was in equilibrium with CO2 concentrations roughly equivalent to those of today, providing a possible analogue for current and future climate change. The implementation of the Pliocene boundary conditions is firstly described in detail, based on the PRISM4 dataset, including CO2, ozone, orography, ice mask, lakes, vegetation fractions and vegetation functional types. These were incrementally added into the model, to change from a pre-industrial setup to a Pliocene setup. The results of the simulation are then presented, which are firstly compared with the model's pre-industrial simulation, secondly with previous versions of the same model and with available proxy data, and thirdly with all other models included in PlioMIP2. Firstly, the comparison with the pre-industrial simulation suggests that the Pliocene simulation is consistent with current understanding and existing work, showing warmer and wetter conditions, and with the greatest warming occurring over high-latitude and polar regions. The global mean surface air temperature anomaly at the end of the Pliocene simulation is 5.1 ∘C, which is the second highest of all models included in PlioMIP2 and is consistent with the fact that HadGEM3-GC31-LL has one of the highest Effective Climate Sensitivities of all CMIP6 models. Secondly, the comparison with previous generation models and with proxy data suggests a clear increase in global sea surface temperatures as the model has undergone development. Up to a certain level of warming, this results in a better agreement with available proxy data, and the “sweet spot” appears to be the previous CMIP5 generation of the model, HadGEM2-AO. The most recent simulation presented here, however, appears to show poorer agreement with the proxy data compared with HadGEM2 and may be overly sensitive to the Pliocene boundary conditions, resulting in a climate that is too warm. Thirdly, the comparison with other models from PlioMIP2 further supports this conclusion, with HadGEM3-GC31-LL being one of the warmest and wettest models in all of PlioMIP2, and if all the models are ordered according to agreement with proxy data, HadGEM3-GC31-LL ranks approximately halfway among them. A caveat to these results is the relatively short run length of the simulation, meaning the model is not in full equilibrium. Given the computational cost of the model it was not possible to run it for a longer period; a Gregory plot analysis indicates that had it been allowed to come to full equilibrium, the final global mean surface temperature could have been approximately 1.5 ∘C higher.
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    The hydrological cycle and ocean circulation of the Maritime Continent in the Pliocene: results from PlioMIP2 (2023)
    Copernicus GmbH
    In:  Climate of the Past vol. 19 no. 10, pp. 2053-2077
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: The Maritime Continent (MC) forms the western boundary of the tropical Pacific Ocean, and relatively small changes in this region can impact the climate locally and remotely. In the mid-Piacenzian warm period of the Pliocene (mPWP; 3.264 to 3.025 Ma) atmospheric CO2 concentrations were ∼ 400 ppm, and the subaerial Sunda and Sahul shelves made the land–sea distribution of the MC different to today. Topographic changes and elevated levels of CO2, combined with other forcings, are therefore expected to have driven a substantial climate signal in the MC region at this time. By using the results from the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2), we study the mean climatic features of the MC in the mPWP and changes in Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) with respect to the preindustrial. Results show a warmer and wetter mPWP climate of the MC and lower sea surface salinity in the surrounding ocean compared with the preindustrial. Furthermore, we quantify the volume transfer through the ITF; although the ITF may be expected to be hindered by the subaerial shelves, 10 out of 15 models show an increased volume transport compared with the preindustrial. In order to avoid undue influence from closely related models that are present in the PlioMIP2 ensemble, we introduce a new metric, the multi-cluster mean (MCM), which is based on cluster analysis of the individual models. We study the effect that the choice of MCM versus the more traditional analysis of multi-model mean (MMM) and individual models has on the discrepancy between model results and data. We find that models, which reproduce modern MC climate well, are not always good at simulating the mPWP climate anomaly of the MC. By comparing with individual models, the MMM and MCM reproduce the preindustrial sea surface temperature (SST) of the reanalysis better than most individual models and produce less discrepancy with reconstructed sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) than most individual models in the MC. In addition, the clusters reveal spatial signals that are not captured by the MMM, so that the MCM provides us with a new way to explore the results from model ensembles that include similar models.
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    Limited Progress in Improving Gender and Geographic Representation in Coral Reef Science (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science vol. 8 no. 731037
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Despite increasing recognition of the need for more diverse and equitable representation in the sciences, it is unclear whether measurable progress has been made. Here, we examine trends in authorship in coral reef science from 1,677 articles published over the past 16 years (2003–2018) and find that while representation of authors that are women (from 18 to 33%) and from non-OECD nations (from 4 to 13%) have increased over time, progress is slow in achieving more equitable representation. For example, at the current rate, it would take over two decades for female representation to reach 50%. Given that there are more coral reef non-OECD countries, at the current rate, truly equitable representation of non-OECD countries would take even longer. OECD nations also continue to dominate authorship contributions in coral reef science (89%), in research conducted in both OECD (63%) and non-OECD nations (68%). We identify systemic issues that remain prevalent in coral reef science (i.e., parachute science, gender bias) that likely contribute to observed trends. We provide recommendations to address systemic biases in research to foster a more inclusive global science community. Adoption of these recommendations will lead to more creative, innovative, and impactful scientific approaches urgently needed for coral reefs and contribute to environmental justice efforts.
    Keywords: coral reef science ; gender ; equity ; inclusion ; representation ; diversity
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    Seeing the Forest for the Trees: Mapping Cover and Counting Trees from Aerial Images of a Mangrove Forest Using Artificial Intelligence (2023)
    MDPI AG
    In:  Remote Sensing vol. 15 no. 3334
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Mangrove forests provide valuable ecosystem services to coastal communities across tropical and subtropical regions. Current anthropogenic stressors threaten these ecosystems and urge researchers to create improved monitoring methods for better environmental management. Recent efforts that have focused on automatically quantifying the above-ground biomass using image analysis have found some success on high resolution imagery of mangrove forests that have sparse vegetation. In this study, we focus on stands of mangrove forests with dense vegetation consisting of the endemic Pelliciera rhizophorae and the more widespread Rhizophora mangle mangrove species located in the remote Utría National Park in the Colombian Pacific coast. Our developed workflow used consumer-grade Unoccupied Aerial System (UAS) imagery of the mangrove forests, from which large orthophoto mosaics and digital surface models are built. We apply convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for instance segmentation to accurately delineate (33% instance average precision) individual tree canopies for the Pelliciera rhizophorae species. We also apply CNNs for semantic segmentation to accurately identify (97% precision and 87% recall) the area coverage of the Rhizophora mangle mangrove tree species as well as the area coverage of surrounding mud and water land-cover classes. We provide a novel algorithm for merging predicted instance segmentation tiles of trees to recover tree shapes and sizes in overlapping border regions of tiles. Using the automatically segmented ground areas we interpolate their height from the digital surface model to generate a digital elevation model, significantly reducing the effort for ground pixel selection. Finally, we calculate a canopy height model from the digital surface and elevation models and combine it with the inventory of Pelliciera rhizophorae trees to derive the height of each individual mangrove tree. The resulting inventory of a mangrove forest, with individual P. rhizophorae tree height information, as well as crown shape and size descriptions, enables the use of allometric equations to calculate important monitoring metrics, such as above-ground biomass and carbon stocks.
    Keywords: mangrove forests ; forest inventory ; monitoring ; habitat mapping ; UAV ; UAS ; artificial ; intelligence ; machine learning ; instance segmentation ; semantic segmentation ; above ground biomass ; carbon stock
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    Sediment characteristics (Chla, Phaeo, TOC, TN, δ13C, δ15N, grain size) at stations in the Weddell Sea (POLARSTERN cruise PS 96, ANT-XXXI/2, December 2015–February 2016) (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: This dataset contains abiotic and biotic data from sediment samples from nine sites in the Weddell Sea (mostly South-Eastern). Data are provided for sediment pigments (chlorophyll a and phaeopigment content through fluorometry), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), stable isotope values of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C, δ15N) and grain size (silt&clay 〈 32 µm, very fine sand 63–125 µm sand, fine sand 125–250 µm, medium sand 250–500 µm, coarse sand 500–1000 µm, larger coarse sand 〉 1000 µm). Before the TOC and carbon isotope analysis the sediment samples were acidified to eliminate inorganic carbon. A minimum of three replicate samples (cores) were collected using a MUC10 multicorer or giant box corer. Sediment cores were subsampled with a 60-ml syringe (inner diameter 2.7 cm) for stations 017, 026, 061, 072, and with a 10-ml syringe (inner diameter 1 cm) for stations 001, 037, 048, 104, 115. Subsamples were sliced in 1-cm steps down to 5 cm depth. Detailed methods are described in Säring et al. (submitted) except for stable isotopes: Flash combustion in a Flash 2000 (Thermo) elemental analyser to a Delta V advantage (Thermo) isotope ratio masspectrometer. δ values are reported relative to atmospheric N2 (δ15N) and Vienna PeeDee Belemnite (δ13C). Reference materials for stable isotope analysis: IAEA-N1, IAEA-N2, IAEA-N3, NBS 22, IAEA-CH-3 and IAEA-CH-6; calibration material: Acetanilide (Merck). The analytical precision for both stable isotope ratios was 〈±0.2‰. Cores with the label -e (Environment) were only used to collect the above data. Environmental and fauna data were collected from cores with the label -i (Incubation). This data table is part of a larger study analysing the role of environmental parameters for meio- and macrofaunal community composition (see Related to below).
    Keywords: Antarctica; ANT-XXXI/2 FROSN; box corer; Carbon, organic, total; Chlorophyll a; Chlorophyll a per unit sediment mass; Cruise/expedition; Date/Time of event; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Elevation of event; Event label; Flash combustion in a Flash 2000 (Thermo) elemental analyser to a Delta V advantage (Thermo) isotope ratio masspectrometer; Flash combustion in a Flash 2000 (Thermo) elemental analyzer; Fluorometry; Gear; Gear identification number; Giant box corer; GKG; Grain size, Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instrument Inc.; Grain size data; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; MUC; MultiCorer; Nitrogen, total; organic matter; phaeopigments; Phaeopigments per unit sediment mass; pigments; Polarstern; Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas; PS96; PS96/001-7; PS96/001-8; PS96/017-3; PS96/026-10; PS96/026-11; PS96/026-7; PS96/026-8; PS96/037-8; PS96/037-9; PS96/048-7; PS96/048-8; PS96/061-5; PS96/061-6; PS96/072-10; PS96/072-8; PS96/072-9; PS96/104-2; PS96/104-3; PS96/115-2; Sample ID; sediment; Size fraction 〈 0.063 mm, mud, silt+clay; Size fraction 〉 1 mm, gravel; Size fraction 0.125-0.063 mm, 3.0-4.0 phi, very fine sand; Size fraction 0.250-0.125 mm, 2.0-3.0 phi, fine sand; Size fraction 0.500-0.250 mm, 1.0-2.0 phi, medium sand; Size fraction 1.000-0.500 mm, 0.0-1.0 phi, coarse sand; Southern Ocean; SPP1158; stable carbon isotope; Station label; total nitrogen; Total Organic Carbon; Weddell Sea; δ13C, total organic carbon; δ15N, bulk sediment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3611 data points
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  • 49
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    Multibeam bathymetry processed data (Kongsberg EM122 entire dataset) of RV SONNE during cruise SO276 (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Swath sonar bathymetry data used for that dataset was recorded during RV SONNE during cruise SO276 using Kongsberg EM 122 multibeam echosounder. The cruise took place between 22.06.2020 - 26.07.2020 in the Atlanic Ocean. Data were recorded throughout the whole time spend outside EEZs. The approximate average depth of the entire dataset is around 4000m. To enhance MBES data accuracy, sound velocity profile casts were conducted in the vicinity of the working area prior to the survey using CTD rosette. During transits, sound velocity profile from the WOA13 were aplied via Sound Speed Manager Software. After processing, these data were directly imported into the MBES Acquisition software Kongsberg SIS Seafloor Information System. Data were manually edited for false measurements using Qimera. Raster were calculated and stored in GeoTIFF format with a 100m resolution (negative values), WGS85 as vertical datum and UTM as a projection, both for EM122 & EM710. Data products include ungridded soundings and bathymetric grids (100 m resolution) of the entire cruise for each EM122 & EM710. The data processing and provision was accomplished within work package 2 of the EU Horizon 2020 project iAtlantic- Integrated Assessment of Atlantic Marine Ecosystem in Space and Time and the IceAge project.
    Keywords: Bathymetry; Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (Media Type); Elevation, maximum; Elevation, minimum; File content; Horizontal datum; Horizontal datum, projection stored in file; iAtlantic; Integrated Assessment of Atlantic Marine Ecosystems in Space and Time; KEM122; KONGSBERG EM122; Latitude, northbound; Latitude, southbound; Longitude, eastbound; Longitude, westbound; MerMet 17-6; Multibeam; Raster cell size; SO276; SO276_0_Underway-2; Sonne_2; South Atlantic Ocean; UTM Easting, Universal Transverse Mercator; UTM Northing, Universal Transverse Mercator; UTM Zone, Universal Transverse Mercator
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 24 data points
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  • 50
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    Water column raw data (Kongsberg EM710 entire dataset) of RV SONNE during cruise SO276 (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Raw multibeam bathymetry data were recorded on RV SONNE during SO276 using Kongsberg EM710 multibeam echosounder. The cruise took place between 22.06.2020 - 26.07.2020 in the Atlantic Ocean. Data were recorded throughout the whole time spend outside EEZs in areas shallower than 1500m with an approximate average depth of around 400m. To enhance MBES data accuracy, CTD casts were made in the working area prior to each MBES survey using CTD rosette to raytrace beams with the obtained sound velocity profiles (SVP). During transits, SVPs from the WOA13 were applied via Sound Speed Manager Software to the data directly during acquisition with SIS Seafloor Information System. Data are unprocessed and can therefore contain incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) without further processing. The data are archived at the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany (Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, BSH) and provided to PANGAEA database for data curation and publication. Ancillary sound velocity profiles (SVP) files from the cruise are archived at the BSH, thus SVP files are added to this dataset. Data acquisition and provision were accomplished within work package 2 of the EU Horizon 2020 project iAtlantic- Integrated Assessment of Atlantic Marine Ecosystem in Space and Time (https://www.iatlantic.eu/) IceAge project.
    Keywords: Bathymetry; Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (Media Type); Comment; Data file recording distance; Data file recording duration; DATE/TIME; ELEVATION; EM710; File content; iAtlantic; IceAge; Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology; Integrated Assessment of Atlantic Marine Ecosystems in Space and Time; Kongsberg datagram raw file name; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; MerMet 17-6; Number of pings; Ship speed; SO276; SO276_0_Underway-4; Sonne_2; Start of data file, depth; Start of data file, heading; Start of data file recording, date/time; Start of data file recording, latitude; Start of data file recording, longitude; Stop of data file, depth; Stop of data file, heading; Stop of data file recording, date/time; Stop of data file recording, latitude; Stop of data file recording, longitude; Swath-mapping system Simrad EM710 (Kongsberg Maritime AS); Water Column Data
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 450 data points
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  • 51
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    Dissolved methane concentration variability along freshwater-sea continuum at Cuxhaven, northern Germany, 2021 (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: The dataset is about temporal variability of dissolved methane along the freshwater-sea continuum in northern Germany. Sensors were installed at fixed stations at in total three sites at different water depths. This dataset is from the station in Cuxhaven (53.8771 N, 8.7048 E) taken at about 2-7m depth (depending on the tide). The data was obtained between 11 April and 28 August 2021 in high frequency measurements (1 min) with a methane sensor from Kongsberg (4H Jena model CONTROS HydroC CH4). Methane concentrations were calculated according to manufacturer's instructions, based on temperature and salinity values from COSYNA Container Cuxhaven. For the quality control of the data a local range of 0.1 – 1000 nmol/L was set, a technical range for the pump power 2 – 8 Watt, a spike and gradient value of 1. Due to heavy biofouling the external pump of the sensor failed, resulting in data gaps. For a more detailed description see the article cited in References.
    Keywords: 2021_Cuxhaven_CH4; Alfred-Wegener-Institute; DATE/TIME; dissolved methane; Hereon; in situ data; MaGeCH; Methane, dissolved; Methane sensor, -4H- JENA engineering GmbH, CONTROS HydroC® CH₄; Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems; MOSES
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 95767 data points
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  • 52
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    Bottle incubations of a North Sea phytoplankton community exposed to acute vs. gradual temperature increases and different timings of nutrient addition across various nitrogen:phosphorus ratios (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: To determine the effect of the rate of temperature increase (acute vs. gradual) and magnitude as well as the timing of nutrient addition on a natural marine phytoplankton community, a bottle incubation experiment has been conducted at the Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) in Wilhelmshaven, Germany. The community was collected at the Helgoland Roads long-term time series site in the German part of the North Sea (https://deims.org/1e96ef9b-0915-4661-849f-b3a72f5aa9b1) on the 6ᵗʰ of March 2022. The surface water containing the phytoplankton community was collected from the RV HEINCKE with a pipe covered with a 200 µm net attached to a diaphragm pump. In the first experimental run, the community was exposed to either gradual or acute temperature increase (from 6 to either 12 or 18°C) with 25 different N:P supply ratios added as a batch at the beginning of the bottle incubation. Simultaneously, the same community was gradually acclimated to their experimental temperatures under ambient nutrients and was used in a second experimental run in which it received the same 25 different N:P supply ratios after temperature acclimation. The light conditions were set to 175 µmol s-1 m-2 and a day-night cycle of 12h:12h which corresponds to the natural conditions at that time of the year. With this, it was possible to test the effect of a gradual vs. acute temperature increase and the timing of nutrient addition i.e., before or after the temperature change. This experimental set-up summed up to 400 units (8 temperature treatments x 5 nitrogen levels x 5 phosphorus levels x 2 replicates). Each experimental run was ended after 12 days. Fluorescence (395/680 Exc./Em.) was measured every second day using a SYNERGY H1 microplate reader (BioTek®) to determine phototrophic growth over time. At the end of each experiment, one replicate was filtered onto pre-combusted acid-washed glass microfiber filters (WHATMAN® GF/C) for intracellular carbon (POC), nitrogen (PON), and phosphorus (POP) content. The POP filters were pre-combusted and then analysed by molybdate reaction after digestion with a potassium peroxydisulfate solution (Wetzel and Likens 2003). The POC and PON filters were dried at 60°C before they were measured in an elemental analyser (Flash EA 1112, Thermo Scientific, Walthman, MA, USA).
    Keywords: Bottle number; Calculated, ratio of molar masses; Carbon, organic, particulate; Carbon, organic, particulate/Nitrogen, organic, particulate ratio; Carbon, organic, particulate/Phosphorus, organic, particulate ratio; Date/time start, experiment; Diaphragm pump; coupled with pipe [covered with a 200 µm net]; Elemental analyzer (EA), Thermo Scientific, FlashEA 1112; Event label; Experimental run; growth; Growth rate, linear; HE593; HE593_SOT22; Heincke; Measured according to Wetzel and Likens (2000); N:P ratio; Nitrogen; Nitrogen, organic, particulate; Nitrogen, organic, particulate/Phosphorus, organic, particulate ratio; Nitrogen, total, dissolved/Phosphorus, total, dissolved ratio; Nitrogen, total dissolved; North Sea; nutrient limitation; nutrients; Phosphorus; Phosphorus, organic, particulate; Phosphorus, total dissolved; Phytoplankton; Replicates; SOT22; stoichiometry; Temperature; Temperature, water; Temperature change; temperature stress; Treatment: nitrogen; Treatment: Nitrogen/Phosphorus ratio; Treatment: phosphorus; Treatment: temperature description; Type of study
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6800 data points
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  • 53
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    Benthic foraminifera species from sediment core HH15-1252PC in Vestnessa Ridge (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Keywords: Age; Astrononion gallowayi; Cassidulina neoteretis; Cassidulina reniforme; Cibicidoides lobatulus; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Elphidium spp.; Foraminifera, benthic; Foraminifera, benthic atlantic species; GEO8144/3144; Helmer Hanssen; HH15-1252PC; Melonis barleeanus; Nonionella spp.; PC; Piston corer; Stainforthia spp.; Vestnesa Ridge
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1935 data points
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  • 54
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    Benthic foraminiferal abundances from eastern Baffin Bay, sediment core AMD14-204C (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Baffin Bay is a semi-enclosed basin connecting the Arctic Ocean and the western North Atlantic, thus making out a significant pathway for heat exchange. Here we reconstruct the alternating advection of relatively warmer and saline Atlantic waters versus the incursion of colder Arctic water masses entering Baffin Bay through the multiple gateways in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Nares Strait during the Holocene. We carried out benthic foraminiferal assemblage analyses, X-ray fluorescence scanning, and radiocarbon dating of a 738 cm long marine sediment core retrieved from eastern Baffin Bay near Upernavik, Greenland (Core AMD14-204C; 987m water depth). Results reveal that eastern Baffin Bay was subjected to several oceanographic changes during the last 9.2 kyrCE1. Waning deglacial conditions with enhanced meltwater influxes and an extensive sea-ice cover prevailed in eastern Baffin Bay from 9.2 to 7.9 ka. A transition towards bottom water amelioration is recorded at 7.9 ka by increased advection of Atlantic water masses, encompassing the Holocene Thermal Maximum. A cold period with growing sea-ice cover at 6.7 ka interrupts the overall warm subsurface water conditions, promoted by a weaker northward flow of Atlantic waters. The onset of the neoglaciation at ca. 2.9 ka is marked by an abrupt transition towards a benthic fauna dominated by agglutinated species, likely in part explained by a reduction of the influx of Atlantic Water, allowing an increased influx of the cold, corrosive Baffin Bay Deep Water originating from the Arctic Ocean to enter Baffin Bay through the Nares Strait. These cold subsurface water conditions persisted throughout the Late Holocene, only interrupted by short-lived warmings superimposed on this cooling trend.
    Keywords: AGE; AMD14_1b; AMD14-204_CASQ; AMD14-204C; ArcticNet; Astrononion gallowayi; Baffin Bay; Benthic foraminifera; Bolivina pseudopunctata; Buliminella elegantissima; Calypso square corer; CASQ; Cassidulina neoteretis; Cassidulina reniforme; CCGS Amundsen; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Elphidium clavatum; Epistominella arctica; Epistominella vitrea; Foraminifera, benthic; Foraminifera, benthic agglutinated; Foraminifera, benthic atlantic species; Foraminifera, benthic calcareous; Foraminifera, planktic; Foraminifera, sea ice species; Holocene; Islandiella norcrossi; Nonionellina labradorica; Portatrochammina bipolaris; Psammosphaera fusca; Ratio; Recurvoides trochamminiformis; Reophax subfusiformis; Stainforthia feylingi; Textularia earlandi; Textularia kattegatensis; Textularia torquata
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2106 data points
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  • 55
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    Meiofauna abundance from multicorer and box corer samples for seven stations from the Weddell Sea (POLARSTERN cruise PS 96, ANT-XXXI/2, December 2015–February 2016) (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: This dataset provides abundance data for meiofauna taxa determined from sediment samples collected in the Weddell Sea (mostly South-Eastern). A minimum of three samples (cores) were collected at each station with a MUC10 multicorer or taken from a giant box corer during PS96. Sediment cores were sliced into depth layers (stations 017, 026, 061, 072: 0–2cm, 2–5cm, 5– bottom; stations 001, 037, 048: 0–1cm, 1–2cm, 2–3cm, 3–4cm, 4–5cm, 5– bottom) and preserved in 4%-borax-buffered formaldehyde solution prior to sieving (upper sieve size 500 µm, lower sieve size 32 µm) and counting (detailed methods in Säring et al. submitted). Abundance is presented per depth layer from the top 5 cm (note different slice volume) as ind./10 cm². Meiofauna communities included individuals from 22 higher taxa. The meiofauna abundance data are part of a larger ecological study on meio- and macrofauna communities and their relation to environmental conditions and remineralisation at the sediment-water interface (see “Related to” below). For the larger study, sediment cores from which meiofauna abundance data are deposited here were also used for microcosm incubations: Untreated incubations (Benthic ecosystem Function Experiments BEFEx), and incubations with and without microalgae addition (Algae Feeding Experiment AFEx). Cores from BEFEx and AFEx without algae are labeled with NT (not treated), cores from AFEx with algae are labeled as T (treated).
    Keywords: Acari; Amphipoda; Annelida; Antarctic; ANT-XXXI/2 FROSN; Bivalvia; box corer; Cladocera; Coelenterata; community composition; Copepoda; Copepoda, nauplii; Counting 32-500 µm fraction; Cruise/expedition; Cumacea; Date/Time of event; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Elevation of event; Event label; Experiment; fauna abundance; Gastropoda; Gastrotricha; Gear; Gear identification number; Giant box corer; GKG; Isopoda; Kinorhyncha; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Loricifera; meiofauna; Meiofauna, other; MUC; MultiCorer; Nematoda; Ostracoda; Polarstern; Priapulida; Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas; PS96; PS96/001-7; PS96/001-8; PS96/017-3; PS96/026-11; PS96/026-7; PS96/026-8; PS96/037-8; PS96/037-9; PS96/048-7; PS96/048-8; PS96/061-5; PS96/061-6; PS96/072-9; Rotifera; Sample ID; sediment depth layers; Sipunculida; Solenogastres; Southern Ocean; SPP1158; Station label; Tanaidacea; Tantulocarida; Tardigrada; taxa; Treatment; Weddell Sea
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3399 data points
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  • 56
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    Extant coccolithophores around Azores Archipelago during Meteor cruise M150 (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: A systematic investigation of the extant coccolithophore community around Azores Archipelago was performed during the cruise M150 of FS Meteor between August, 27, and October, 2, 2018, in the scope of the project BIODIAZ - Controls in benthic and pelagic BIODIversity of the AZores. For the description of the spacial and vertical distribution of the extant coccolithophore community sampling was done at 50 stations along 9 transects including 3 islands, a seamount and islets from 5 to 8 water depths between surface and 150 m. A total of 306 samples were obtained, filtered onboard onto polycarbonate membranes and sections of these filters mounted in the laboratory on microscope slides for analysis by cross-polarized light microscopy. At least 400 coccospheres were counted through a randomly selected sequence of fields of view and the absolute abundances (Coccospheres/L) were estimated.
    Keywords: Acanthoica spp.; Algirosphaera robusta; Biodiversity; calcareous nannophytoplankton; Calcidiscus spp.; Calciosolenia spp.; Coronosphaera spp.; Cross-polarized light microscopy; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; Discosphaera tubifera; ecology; Emiliania huxleyi; Event label; Florisphaera profunda; Gephyrocapsa ericsonii; Gephyrocapsa muellerae; Gephyrocapsa oceanica; Gladiolithus flabellatus; Helicosphaera spp.; Heterococcolithophores; Holococcolithophore spp.; islands; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; M150; M150_1-1; M150_113-1; M150_139-1; M150_14-1; M150_143-1; M150_155-1; M150_165-1; M150_169-1; M150_171-1; M150_179-1; M150_203-1; M150_2-1; M150_211-1; M150_230-1; M150_238-1; M150_272-1; M150_274-1; M150_291-1; M150_313-1; M150_315-1; M150_333-1; M150_347-1; M150_352-1; M150_393-1; M150_423-1; M150_426-1; M150_433-1; M150_465-1; M150_467-1; M150_486-1; M150_505-1; M150_508-1; M150_51-1; M150_511-1; M150_531-1; M150_537-1; M150_539-1; M150_549-1; M150_560-1; M150_563-1; M150_584-1; M150_587-1; M150_597-1; M150_605-1; M150_639-1; M150_647-1; M150_71-1; M150_87-1; M150_91-1; M150_94-1; Meteor (1986); Michaelsarsia spp.; Oolithotus spp.; Ophiaster spp.; Reticulofenestra sessilis; Rhabdosphaera spp.; Seamounts; Syracosphaera lamina; Syracosphaera spp.; Umbellosphaera spp.; Umbilicosphaera spp.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 7344 data points
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  • 57
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    Multibeam bathymetry raw data (Kongsberg EM 122 transit dataset) of RV SONNE during cruise SO276 (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Multibeam bathymetry raw data was recorded in the North Atlantic during cruise SO276 MerMet 17-6 that took place between 2020-06-22 and 2020-07-26. The data was collected using the ship's own Kongsberg EM 122. Sound velocity profiles (SVP) were applied on the data for calibration. Please see environmental data (zip file) and the cruise report for details.
    Keywords: Binary Object; Comment; DAM_Underway; DAM Underway Research Data; Data file recording distance; Data file recording duration; DATE/TIME; ELEVATION; Event label; File content; KEM122; Kongsberg datagram raw file name; KONGSBERG EM122; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; MerMet 17-6; Norwegian Sea, Arctic Ocean; Number of pings; Ship speed; SO276; SO276_0_Underway-1; Sonne_2; Start of data file, depth; Start of data file, heading; Start of data file recording, date/time; Start of data file recording, latitude; Start of data file recording, longitude; Stop of data file, depth; Stop of data file, heading; Stop of data file recording, date/time; Stop of data file recording, latitude; Stop of data file recording, longitude
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 7998 data points
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  • 58
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    Abundance of mesopelagic fish collected at different layers of the water column around the Iberian Peninsula (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: This file contains data on number of mesopelagic fish collected during the CSIC-SUMMER survey carried out in October 2020 in five zones around the Iberian Peninsula: Balears and Alboran in the western Mediterranean, and Cadiz, Lisboa and Galicia. The scientific midwater trawl Mesopelagos fitted with a Multisampler placed at the end of the net was used to collect specimens at seven layers of the water column. The depth of the net was controlled by a SCANMAR system. In the five zones, hauls were carried out day and night to study vertical migration patterns of mesopelagic fish. A total of 24 deployments were made (between 0 and 700 m), of which 14 discriminated water layers. Additionally, to more accurately sample the epipelagic layers 7 night hauls were restricted to the first 210 m of the water column. Fish were identified and counted on board, or frozen for later processes in the laboratory. These data were obtained within the European Union Project 'Sustainable Management of Mesopelagic Resources' (SUMMER, Grant Agreement 817806) as funded by the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme.
    Keywords: 29SG20200929; 29SG20200929_1-PEL01; 29SG20200929_1-PEL02; 29SG20200929_1-PEL03; 29SG20200929_1-PEL05; 29SG20200929_1-PEL06; 29SG20200929_2-PEL07; 29SG20200929_2-PEL08; 29SG20200929_2-PEL09; 29SG20200929_2-PEL10; 29SG20200929_2-PEL11; 29SG20200929_2-PEL12; 29SG20200929_3-PEL13; 29SG20200929_3-PEL14; 29SG20200929_3-PEL15; 29SG20200929_3-PEL16; 29SG20200929_3-PEL17; 29SG20200929_3-PEL18; 29SG20200929_4-PEL19; 29SG20200929_4-PEL20; 29SG20200929_4-PEL22; 29SG20200929_4-PEL23; 29SG20200929_5-PEL25; 29SG20200929_5-PEL26; Alboran Sea, Mediterranean Sea; Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean Sea; Calculated; Code; Counting, visual; DATE/TIME; Depth, bathymetric; DEPTH, water; distribution; diversity; Event label; Family; Field observation; Gulf of Cádiz, Atlantic Ocean; Haul; LATITUDE; Light mode; LONGITUDE; Mesh size; mesopelagic fish; Mesopelagos; Midwater trawl, Mesopelagos (Meillat, 2012); Net, mouth area, effective; Number of individuals; Order; PEL01; PEL02; PEL03; PEL05; PEL06; PEL07; PEL08; PEL09; PEL10; PEL11; PEL12; PEL13; PEL14; PEL15; PEL16; PEL17; PEL18; PEL19; PEL20; PEL22; PEL23; PEL25; PEL26; Sarmiento de Gamboa; Sea off Galicia, Atlantic Ocean; Sea off Lisbon, Atlantic Ocean; SUMMER; Sustainable Management of Mesopelagic Resources; Taxa; Taxon/taxa, unique identification; Taxon/taxa, unique identification (Semantic URI); Taxon/taxa, unique identification (URI); Towing speed; vertical migration; VID; Visual identification; Water volume, filtered
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 9776 data points
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  • 59
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    Pan-Arctic Visualization of Landscape Change (2003-2022), Arctic PASSION Permafrost Service (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: This raster dataset, in Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF format (COG), provides information on land surface changes at the pan-arctic scale. Multispectral Landsat-5 TM, Landsat-7 ETM+, and Landsat-8 OLI imagery (cloud-cover less than 80%, months July and August) was used for detecting disturbance trends (associated with abrupt permafrost degradation) between 2003 and 2022. For each satellite image we calculated the Tasseled Cap multi-spectral index to translate the spectral reflectance signal to the semantic information Brightness, Greenness, and Wetness. In order to characterize change information, we calculated the linear trend of the Brightness, Greenness and Wetness over two decades on the individual pixel level. The final map product therefore contains information on the direction and magnitude of change for all three Tasseled Cap parameters in 30m spatial resolution across the pan-arctic permafrost domain. Features detected include coastal erosion, lake drainage, infrastructure expansion, and fires. The general processing methodology was developed by Fraser et al. 2014 and adapted and expanded by Nitze et al. 2016 and Nitze et al. 2018. Here we upscaled the processing to the circum-arctic permafrost region and the recent 20-year period from 2003 through 2022. The service covers the permafrost region up to 81° North: Alaska (USA), Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Mongolia, and China. For Russia and China, regions not containing permafrost were excluded. The data has been processed in Google EarthEngine within the research projects ERC PETA-CARB, ESA CCI+ Permafrost, NSF Permafrost Discovery Gateway, and EU Arctic PASSION. The dataset is a contribution to the 'Panarctic requirements-driven Permafrost Service' of the Arctic PASSION project (see references). Changes in the Tasseled Cap indices Brightness, Greenness, and Wetness are displayed in the image bands red, green, and blue, respectively. Here, coastal erosion (a trend of a land surface transitioning to a water surface) is depicted in dark blue colors, while coastal accretion (a trend of a water surface transitioning to a land surface) is depicted in bright orange colors. Drained lakes appear in bright yellow or orange colors, depending on the soil conditions and vegetation regrowth. Fire scars are a further common feature, which can appear in different colors, depending on the time of the fire and pre-fire land cover. The data can be explored via the Arctic Landscape EXplorer (ALEX, see references) and is available as a public web map service (WMS, see references), both hosted by Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research.
    Keywords: Arctic_PASSION; Arctic_PASSION_Permafrost_Service; Arctic PASSION; Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (Media Type); CCI Permafrost; Circum-arctic permafrost region; Coastline change; Earth observation; ESA_CCI_Permafrost_CCN2; ESA GlobPermafrost; File content; GlobPermafrost; Horizontal datum; Lake change; Lake drainage; Land cover change; Latitude, northbound; Latitude, southbound; Longitude, eastbound; Longitude, westbound; Multispectral index; NSF Permafrost Discovery Gateway; Pan-Arctic observing System of Systems: Implementing Observations for societal Needs; Permafrost_Discovery_Gateway; PETA-CARB; Rapid Permafrost Thaw in a Warming Arctic and Impacts on the Soil Organic Carbon Pool; Raster cell size; River bank erosion; SAT; satellite data; Satellite remote sensing; Shore erosion; Thaw slumping; thermokarst
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 16 data points
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  • 60
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    Geochemical data for SOB14-A-21, a Lena Delta 1st terrace exposure (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: The Holocene delta deposit (1st terrace) exposure SOB14-A-21 (72.53671°N, 127.98945°E) was sampled on 17 August 2014 North of Sobo-Sise Island in the Lena Delta during the framework of the joint Russian-German Expedition LENA 2014. The surface (top) of the exposure was characterized by mosses and sedges. The exposure itself was predominately sandy with few organic remnants. The top organic layer is thin (1.5 cm) and the active layer depth could not be determined exactly. However, the top 170 cm of the exposure were unfrozen although the thaw front might not only be from the top down but also horizontally due to the nature of the exposure. The exposure was first cleaned with a spade and then sampled with a knife and a hole saw from top to bottom. The entire exposure had a depth of 605 cm whereof the bottom 35 cm consisted of ice. Every 25 cm a sample was collected resulting in 22 samples (20 sediment samples and 2 ice samples). The samples were kept cool during the transport and later analyzed in the laboratory for bulk density, total organic carbon, and total nitrogen with a Vario EL III Elemental Analyzer. Prior to analysis, samples were freeze-dried, homogenized, and ground before measuring the samples with the elemental analyzer. The ice samples were not analyzed.
    Keywords: Arctic Delta; AWI_Perma; AWI Arctic Land Expedition; Carbon; Carbon, organic, total; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio; Carbon and nitrogen and sulfur (CNS) isotope element analyzer, Elementar, Vario EL III; DATE/TIME; Density, dry bulk; Density, wet bulk; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Description; EXPO; Exposure; Ice content, gravimetric; Ice content, volumetric; LATITUDE; Lena_Delta_Sobo-Byk_2014; Lena Delta; LONGITUDE; Nitrogen; Nitrogen, total; permafrost; Permafrost Research; PETA-CARB; PG-SOB14-A-21; Rapid Permafrost Thaw in a Warming Arctic and Impacts on the Soil Organic Carbon Pool; RU-Land_2014_Lena_Sobo-Byk; Sample, dry mass; Sample, wet mass; Sample code/label; Sample comment; Sample thickness; Sample volume; Sampling; Site; Size fraction 〉 2 mm, gravel; Soil organic carbon storage; Soil total nitrogen storage; Type; Water loss per dry weight
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 480 data points
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  • 61
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    d13C values measured by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry in shells of the planktic foraminifer Morozovella allisonensis from the PETM section of ODP Site 865 (Central Pacific) (2024)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Foraminiferal shells of the species M. allisonensis from the PETM section of ODP Site 865, Central Pacific, were cast with 3 grains of UWC-3 calcite standard (Kozdon et al., 2009) in the center of a 25 mm round epoxy mount, ground to the level of best exposure, polished, cleaned, and Au-coated. Prior to geochemical analysis, shells were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to identify subdomains suitable for in-situ d13C and Mg/Ca ratio measurements and to avoid diagenetically altered zones within each shell. In-situ d13C measurements were performed with ~7 µm beam spot size in the WiscSIMS Laboratory at UW-Madison by a CAMECA ims-1280 large radius multicollector ion microprobe) using the protocols described in a previous study (Kozdon et al., 2018). The in-situ d13C microanalyses primarily targeted subdomains located at the base of pustular outgrowths (muricae) along the chamber walls of each shell. Previous studies have shown that these subdomains are less susceptible to post-depositional alteration than the rest of the shell (Kozdon et al., 2011; Kozdon et al., 2013). Between one and five SIMS d13C microanalyses were performed for each shell. Reproducibility of the individual spot analysis of UWC-3 standard (d13C = -0.91‰ V-PDB, Kozdon et al., 2011) bracketing samples is on average 0.7‰ (± 2 SD).
    Keywords: 143-865C; d13C; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Event label; Foraminifera; Hole; Identification; Interval; Joides Resolution; Large radius multicollector ion microprobe, CAMECA, ims-1280; Leg143; Morozovella allisonensis, δ13C; North Pacific Ocean; PETM; Sample code/label; Section; SIMS; Size fraction
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 35 data points
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  • 62
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    Forest canopy microclimate regulation during the drought year 2018 at the Leipzig Canopy Crane site (2022)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Tree canopies are considered to effectively buffer climate extremes and to mitigate climate change effects. Droughts, which are predicted to become more frequent in the course of climate change, might alter the microclimatic cooling potential of trees. However, our understanding of how microclimate at the tree canopy level is modulated by environmental and tree characteristics and their interactions is still limited. Here, we investigated canopy temperature regulation for five mature co-occurring tree species for two contrasting hydrological situations during the severe drought in 2018.
    Keywords: broad-leafed tree species; canopy cover; drought; floodplain forest; forest microclimate regulation; sap flow
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 63
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    Standard length, weight, body mass-density and swim bladder measurements data of Cyclothone species from the IDEADOS, BATHYPELAGIC and SUMMER cruises in Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea (2023)
    PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Size, weight, body-mass density and swim bladder measurements of Cyclothone species were analysed during the IDEADOS (Mediterranean Sea, July 2010), Bathypelagic (North Atlantic, May-June 2018) and SUMMER (Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic, September-October 2020), and cruises. Specimens used to analyse size and weight were collected with a Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS-1 m²), fitted with nets of 0.2 mm mesh size. Hauls were carried out between the surface and 700-800 m, in IDEADOS and SUMMER cruises, and up to 1800 m in Bathypelagic survey. Measures of body mass-density were obtained during the SUMMER cruise from specimens collected using the "Mesopelagos" midwater trawl. Finally, measures of swim bladder length, height, width, angle, volume, equivalent spherical radius, and aspect ratio were measured from specimens collected during the Bathypelagic cruise.
    Keywords: BATHYPELAGIC; Biomass and Active Flux in the Bathypelagic Zone; body-mass density; bristlemouth; Estructura y dinámica del ecosistema bentopelágico de talud en dos zonas oligotróficas del Mediterráneo: una aproximación multidisciplinar y a distintas escalas temporales en las Islas Baleares; fatty-tissue; Gas; Histology; ICM_Excellence_Centre; IDEADOS; micronekton; Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence; SUMMER; Sustainable Management of Mesopelagic Resources; swimbladder; TRIATLAS; Tropical and South Atlantic climate-based marine ecosystem predictions for sustainable management
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 64
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    Compilation of stomach content data from temperate Atlantic and western Mediterranean mesopelagic fishes captured during the CSIC-SUMMER survey in October 2020 (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: This file contains data on mesopelagic fish stomach content reported as the number of prey categories in each fish stomach and their carbon masses. These data come from samples collected around the Iberian Peninsula (sampled during the CSIC-SUMMER cruise in October 2020). 120 samples come from the western Mediterranean and 173 from the Atlantic. Overall 42 different prey taxa could be identified from the stomachs. Five zones around the Iberian Peninsula were studied: south of the Balearic Islands, Alboran Sea, Gulf of Cadiz, off Lisboa and off Galicia. The table contains 5785 prey data records from 293 stomachs of 29 species of mesopelagic fish. Each data record (row) corresponds to one prey item, therefore for each fish stomach there are as many records as number of prey in the stomach. The complete dataset presents predators (mesopelagic fish) identified to species level, and prey taxa identified to genus level when possible (42 prey taxa). The studied mesopelagic fish correspond to orders Stomiiformes and Myctophiphormes and were selected because they were the most common and abundant in the cruise. The most diverse group was Myctophidae, with 14 species. The Stomiiformes were represented by four families, of which 5 species were Gonostomatidae, 2 Phosichthyidae, 4 Sternoptychidae and 4 Stomiidae.
    Keywords: 29SG20200929; 29SG20200929_Bongo_7B; 29SG20200929_Neuston_3; 29SG20200929_PEL01_1; 29SG20200929_PEL01_2; 29SG20200929_PEL01_3; 29SG20200929_PEL01_4; 29SG20200929_PEL01_5; 29SG20200929_PEL01_6; 29SG20200929_PEL02_5; 29SG20200929_PEL02_6; 29SG20200929_PEL03_5; 29SG20200929_PEL03_7; 29SG20200929_PEL05_2; 29SG20200929_PEL05_3; 29SG20200929_PEL05_4; 29SG20200929_PEL05_5; 29SG20200929_PEL06_4; 29SG20200929_PEL06_5; 29SG20200929_PEL07_1; 29SG20200929_PEL07_2; 29SG20200929_PEL07_3; 29SG20200929_PEL07_4; 29SG20200929_PEL08_1; 29SG20200929_PEL08_5; 29SG20200929_PEL08_7; 29SG20200929_PEL09_1; 29SG20200929_PEL09_2; 29SG20200929_PEL09_4; 29SG20200929_PEL10_1; 29SG20200929_PEL10_5; 29SG20200929_PEL10_7; 29SG20200929_PEL11_0; 29SG20200929_PEL13_0; 29SG20200929_PEL14_1; 29SG20200929_PEL14_2; 29SG20200929_PEL14_4; 29SG20200929_PEL14_5; 29SG20200929_PEL14_7; 29SG20200929_PEL15_3; 29SG20200929_PEL16_1; 29SG20200929_PEL16_3; 29SG20200929_PEL16_6; 29SG20200929_PEL17_0; 29SG20200929_PEL18_1; 29SG20200929_PEL18_4; 29SG20200929_PEL18_6; 29SG20200929_PEL19_1; 29SG20200929_PEL19_2; 29SG20200929_PEL19_3; 29SG20200929_PEL19_4; 29SG20200929_PEL19_5; 29SG20200929_PEL19_6; 29SG20200929_PEL20_1; 29SG20200929_PEL20_2; 29SG20200929_PEL20_3; 29SG20200929_PEL20_4; 29SG20200929_PEL22_2; 29SG20200929_PEL23_1; 29SG20200929_PEL23_2; 29SG20200929_PEL23_4; 29SG20200929_PEL23_5; 29SG20200929_PEL23_6; 29SG20200929_PEL23_7; 29SG20200929_PEL24_0; 29SG20200929_PEL25_2; 29SG20200929_PEL26_1; 29SG20200929_PEL26_2; Alboran Sea; Balearic Sea, Mediterranean Sea; Biomass as carbon; BONGO; Bongo net; Calculated; Carbon biomass; Class; Counting, visual; Depth, water, bottom/maximum; Depth, water, top/minimum; Event label; Family; Gear; Golf of Cadiz; Latitude of event; Location; Longitude of event; mesopelagic fish; Mesopelagos; Midwater trawl, Mesopelagos (Meillat, 2012); Month; NEU; Neuston net; Number of individuals; Number of prey; Ocean and sea region; Order; Phylum; Prey taxa; Record number; Replicates; Sample ID; Sarmiento de Gamboa; Sea off Galicia, Atlantic Ocean; Sea off Lisbon, Atlantic Ocean; Size; Stomach contents; SUMMER; Sustainable Management of Mesopelagic Resources; Taxa; Taxon/taxa, unique identification; Taxon/taxa, unique identification (Semantic URI); Taxon/taxa, unique identification (URI); Type; VID; Visual identification; Western Mediterranean; Year of observation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 193793 data points
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  • 65
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and antagonistic effects of three strains of the dinoflagellate HAB species Alexandrium catenella on three target species (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: We tested the antagonistic effects of three strains of the dinoflagellate HAB species Alexandrium catenella on three target species (the chlorophyte Tetraselmis sp., the cryptomonad Rhodomonas salina, and the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii) at various biomass ratios between species, at ambient (16 ◦C and 400 μatm CO2) and OWA (20 ◦C and 2000 μatm CO2) conditions. In these experiments the Alexandrium strains had been raised under OWA conditions for ~100 generations. All three non-HAB species increased their growth rate under OWA relative to ambient conditions. This dataset is included in the OA-ICC data compilation maintained in the framework of the IAEA Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (see https://oa-icc.ipsl.fr). Original data were downloaded from the Zenodo (see Source). In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2024) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2024-05-13.
    Keywords: Abundance; Alexandrium catenella; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Bacillariophyta; Bicarbonate ion; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Cell density; Chlorophyta; Chromista; Confidence interval; Cryptophyta; Difference; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Myzozoa; Not applicable; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Other studied parameter or process; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; Phytoplankton; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Replicate; Rhodomonas salina; Salinity; Species; Species interaction; Strain; Temperature; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Tetraselmis sp.; Treatment; Type of study
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 18876 data points
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  • 66
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    Physical oceanography (CTD) during Meteor cruise M150 (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Salinity and Oxygen were not calibrated beyond the manufacturer's calibration coefficients. Compared to climatological values (WOA18) salinity appears to be 0.05 PSU too low. Both CTD sensors and the two TSG sensors do however agree. Oxygen values are in the range of the climatological values, possibly 5 umol/kg too low. Some deep profiles show consistently low oxygen values that is not represented in the climatology. Use this data with caution.
    Keywords: CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; DATE/TIME; Density, potential; DEPTH, water; Event label; Fluorescence; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; M150; M150_1-1; M150_113-1; M150_128-1; M150_139-1; M150_14-1; M150_143-1; M150_145-1; M150_155-1; M150_165-1; M150_169-1; M150_171-1; M150_174-1; M150_179-1; M150_192-1; M150_203-1; M150_2-1; M150_211-1; M150_220-1; M150_230-1; M150_238-1; M150_259-1; M150_269-1; M150_272-1; M150_274-1; M150_277-1; M150_281-1; M150_291-1; M150_308-1; M150_313-1; M150_315-1; M150_318-1; M150_323-1; M150_333-1; M150_347-1; M150_352-1; M150_355-1; M150_363-1; M150_380-1; M150_383-1; M150_386-1; M150_389-1; M150_39-1; M150_393-1; M150_404-1; M150_419-1; M150_423-1; M150_426-1; M150_429-1; M150_433-1; M150_443-1; M150_462-1; M150_465-1; M150_467-1; M150_470-1; M150_476-1; M150_486-1; M150_505-1; M150_508-1; M150_5-1; M150_51-1; M150_511-1; M150_522-1; M150_529-1; M150_531-1; M150_537-1; M150_539-1; M150_549-1; M150_560-1; M150_561-1; M150_563-1; M150_572-1; M150_584-1; M150_587-1; M150_597-1; M150_605-1; M150_615-1; M150_622-1; M150_639-1; M150_647-1; M150_654-1; M150_71-1; M150_72-1; M150_77-1; M150_87-1; M150_91-1; M150_94-1; Meteor (1986); Oxygen; Pressure, water; Radiation, photosynthetically active; Radiation, photosynthetically active, surface; Salinity; Sound velocity in water; Temperature, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 445770 data points
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  • 67
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    Varve chronology during the late Allerød to early Preboreal from sediment core GOS18 in Lake Gościąż, Poland (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: These datasets provide data for the lowest part of a new composite profile GOS18 from Lake Gościąż in central Poland. The composite profile was established using sediment cores recovered in 2015 and 2018 with an UWITEC Piston Corer at 19.6-21.5 m water depth (Bonk et al., in press). Our data covers the time interval from the onset of lacustrine sedimentation in the late Allerød to the early Preboreal. Since Lake Gościąż comprises a continuous, seasonally resolved (varved) and exceptionally well-preserved archive of the Younger Dryas (YD) climate variation, it is highly suitable for detailed investigations of lake system responses during periods of rapid climate cooling (YD onset) and warming (YD termination), respectively. Our varve chronology is the lowest part of a new floating varve chronology established for Lake Gościąż (central Poland) that has been anchored to the absolute time scale through radiocarbon dating and age modelling (Bonk et al., in press). The here presented varve chronology reaches from the onset of lacustrine sedimentation in the late Allerød until the early Preboreal. Uncertainties for the absolute ages are derived from radiocarbon age modelling and varve counting. The internal varve counting uncertainty for the observed time interval is generally low (+14/-22) due to the mostly excellent varve preservation. Microfacies analyses, including varve counting and measurements of varve and sublayer thickness, have been performed on overlapping large-scale thin sections under an Axioplan 2 and Axiolab pol imaging microscope at magnifications of 50-400x. Thin sections have been prepared from 10 cm long freeze-dried and resin impregnated sediment slices (Brauer & Casanova 2001; doi:10.1023/A:1008136029735). The dataset incorporates the composite depth, age [BP] and age uncertainties [BP] for the varve bottom, the total varve thickness, selected sublayer thicknesses, detrital sublayer occurrence, the different varve types and the varve quality index (VQI).
    Keywords: AGE; Age, uncertainty maximum/old; Age, uncertainty minimum/young; Axioplan 2 and Axiolab pol imaging microscopes; chironomid-inferred temperature reconstructions; Depth, composite; GOS18_composite; Lake Gościąż; Lake Gościąż, Poland; microfacies analyses; PCUWI; Piston corer, UWITEC; Poland; varve chronology; Varve quality index; Varve sub-layer occurrence; Varve thickness; Varve thickness, amorphous organic matter sub-layer; Varve thickness, calcite sub-layer; Varve thickness, diatoms sub-layer; Varve type; δ13Corg; δ18Ocarb
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 13903 data points
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  • 68
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    SFB754 Nitrogen and carbon fixation and N-cycle gene abundance (2021)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Dinitrogen (N2) and carbon (C) fixation rates were measured on 9 cruises (see Table C17) using shipboard incubation experiments, complemented with nutrient and oxygen manipulations. During cruises M77/3, M77/4 and M80/2, N2 fixation was measured using the bubble addition method following Montoya et al (1996). During M80/2 a novel method based on 360 15N2 gas pre-dissolution, which was developed by Mohr et al. (2010), was tested in parallel to the classic method. An underestimation of N2 fixation rates by the classic method has been observed (Großkopf et al., 2012) and therefore the novel 'pre-dissolution method' was applied during the following cruises (M83/1, M90, M91, M93, M97, M104, M107). Single cell N2 fixation rates to differentiate the contribution of different clades of N2 fixers were measured using a NanoSIMS (Martinez-Perez et al., 2016).
    Keywords: Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean; SFB754
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 10 datasets
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  • 69
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    SFB754 Microbial oxygen consumption and nitrogen loss processes (2021)
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Potential rates for microaerobic respiration and aerobic organic matter degradation as a source of ammonia (NH4+) in the Peruvian OMZ was assessed using an 18O2 labelling approach suitable for microaerobic respiration (Holtappels et al., 2014). Further, the effects of O2 depletion associated with marine snow particles on microbial respiration was explored by combining 18O2 labelling experiments with in-situ particle size analysis and modelling of aggregate-size dependent respiration (Kalvelage et al., 2015). Anammox, denitrification, and nitrification, as well as N2O production rates were measured on several cruises (Kalvelage et al., 2011; Löscher et al., 2012; Callbeck et al., 2017; Bourbonnais et al., 2017; Frey et al., 2020) using isotope fractionation studies, 15N tracer additions, and inhibitor studies.
    Keywords: Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean; SFB754
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 10 datasets
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  • 70
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    Macrofauna abundance from multicorer and box corer samples for seven stations from the Weddell Sea (POLARSTERN cruise PS 96, ANT-XXXI/2, December 2015–February 2016) (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: This dataset provides abundance data for macrofaunal taxa determined from sediment samples collected in the Weddell Sea (mostly South-Eastern). A minimum of three samples (cores) were collected at each station with a MUC10 multicorer or a giant box corer during PS96. Sediment cores were sliced into depth layers (stations 017, 026, 061, 072: 0–2cm, 2–5cm, 5– bottom; stations 001, 037, 048: 0–1cm, 1–2cm, 2–3cm, 3–4cm, 4–5cm, 5– bottom) and preserved in 4%-borax-buffered formaldehyde solution prior to sieving (sieve size 500 µm, 1000 µm) and counting (detailed methods in Säring et al. submitted). Abundance is presented per depth layer (note different slice volume) as ind./m². Data from different size fractions are available upon request. Macrofauna communities included individuals from 18 higher taxa. The macrofauna abundance data are part of a larger ecological study on meio- and macrofauna communities and their relation to environmental conditions and remineralisation at the sediment-water interface (see Related to below). For the larger study, sediment cores from which macrofauna abundance data are deposited here were also used for microcosm incubations: Untreated incubations (Benthic ecosystem Function Experiments BEFEx), and incubations with and without microalgae addition (Algae Feeding Experiment AFEx). Cores from BEFEx and AFEx without algae are labeled with NT (not treated), cores from AFEx with algae are labeled as T (treated).
    Keywords: Amphipoda; Annelida; Antarctic; ANT-XXXI/2 FROSN; Bivalvia; box corer; Chordata; Cnidaria; community composition; Copepoda; Counting 〉500 µm fraction; Cruise/expedition; Cumacea; Date/Time of event; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Echinodermata; Elevation of event; Event label; Experiment; fauna abundance; Gastropoda; Gear; Gear identification number; Giant box corer; GKG; Isopoda; Kinorhyncha; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Macrobenthos; MUC; MultiCorer; Mysida; Nematoda; Ostracoda; Pantopoda; Polarstern; Porifera; Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas; PS96; PS96/001-7; PS96/001-8; PS96/017-3; PS96/026-11; PS96/026-7; PS96/026-8; PS96/037-8; PS96/037-9; PS96/048-7; PS96/048-8; PS96/061-5; PS96/061-6; PS96/072-9; Sample ID; sediment depth layers; Sipuncula; Southern Ocean; SPP1158; Station label; Tanaidacea; taxa; Treatment; Weddell Sea
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 4077 data points
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  • 71
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    Biotic water-column characteristics for stations from the North-Western Weddell Sea, Bransfield Strait, and Drake Passage (POLARSTERN cruise PS 81, ANT-XXIX/3, January-March 2013) (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Around the Antarctic Peninsula (North-Western Weddell Sea, Bransfield Strait, Drake Passage) water samples for measurements of chlorophyll-a were collected with Niskin bottles mounted on a CTD rosette. At each station samples were taken at two depths, the chlorophyll-a maximum (Cmax, defined as the water depth with maximum fluorescence detected during in-situ profiles) and close to the seafloor (bottom). Water samples were poured over a 100-µm sieve to remove larger particles and filtered over glass fibre filters GF/C at approximately 250 mbar. Colouring of filters determined the amount of sea water used (3–5l). Filters were stored at −80°C. Chloroplastic pigments were extracted with 10ml acetone (90%), determined using a fluorimeter and expressed in µg/l. For details see Hauquier et al. (2015) and Veit-Köhler et al. (2018).
    Keywords: Antarctic; ANT-XXIX/3; Chlorophyll a; Cruise/expedition; CTD; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Date; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Elevation of event; Event label; Fluorometry; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; pigments; Polarstern; Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas; PS81; PS81/116-1; PS81/118-1; PS81/120-1; PS81/162-1; PS81/163-1; PS81/190-1; PS81/193-1; PS81/196-1; PS81/202-1; PS81/215-1; PS81/218-1; PS81/225-1; PS81/230-1; PS81/235-1; PS81/238-2; PS81/241-1; PS81/243-1; PS81/247-2; PS81/250-1; Sample type; Sample volume; Scotia Sea; Southern Ocean; SPP1158; Station label; Water-column parameters; Weddell Sea
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 228 data points
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  • 72
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    Abiotic and biotic sediment characteristics for stations from the North-Western Weddell Sea, Bransfield Strait, and Drake Passage (POLARSTERN cruise PS 81, ANT-XXIX/3, January-March 2013) (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Around the Antarctic Peninsula (North-Western Weddell Sea, Bransfield Strait, Drake Passage) sediment samples were collected with a MUC6 multicorer. Cores were subsampled for environmental parameters with cut-off 10-ml syringes. Subsamples for determination of grain size, total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) were stored at −20°C. Samples for pigment analyses were stored at −80°C. Subsamples were sliced in 1-cm slices (0–1 cm, 1–2 cm, 2–3 cm, 3–4 cm, 4–5 cm). Sediment grain sizes were determined with a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 and expressed as relative percentages of the different size fractions. Total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) were determined from freeze-dried samples by elemental analysis. Prior to combustion samples used for TOC analyses were acidified with 2% HCl in order to remove inorganic carbon. Pigments were extracted with 10 ml acetone (90%) from lyophilised sediment, separated by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) and determined with a fluorescence detector: Chlorophyll-a, phaeophytin and phorbide are expressed in µg/g. For details see Hauquier et al. (2015) and Veit-Köhler et al. (2018).
    Keywords: Antarctic; ANT-XXIX/3; Carbon, organic, total; Chlorophyll a per unit sediment mass; Cruise/expedition; Date/Time of event; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; DP-243; DP-250; Elevation of event; Event label; Fluorometry; Giant box corer; GKG; Grain Size; Laser diffraction particle size analyser (Malvern Mastersizer 2000); Longitude of event; MUC; MUC/GKG; MultiCorer; Nitrogen, total; Organic Elemental Analyzer, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Flash 2000; organic matter; Phaeophytin per unit sediment mass; Phorbide per unit sediment mass; pigments; Polarstern; Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas; PS81; PS81/118-10; PS81/118-9; PS81/120-5; PS81/120-6; PS81/120-7; PS81/162-3; PS81/162-4; PS81/162-5; PS81/163-4; PS81/163-5; PS81/163-6; PS81/185-2; PS81/188-3; PS81/193-4; PS81/193-5; PS81/193-6; PS81/196-5; PS81/196-6; PS81/196-7; PS81/202-3; PS81/202-4; PS81/202-5; PS81/217-3; PS81/218-4; PS81/218-5; PS81/218-6; PS81/225-3; PS81/225-4; PS81/225-5; PS81/235-4; PS81/235-5; PS81/235-6; PS81/238-4; PS81/238-5; PS81/238-6; PS81/243-3; PS81/243-5; PS81/244-5; PS81/244-6; PS81/244-7; PS81/247-4; PS81/247-7; PS81/250-3; PS81/250-4; PS81/250-5; Sample ID; Scotia Sea; sediment parameters; Size fraction 〈 0.004 mm, clay; Size fraction 〉 1 mm, gravel; Size fraction 0.063-0.004 mm, silt; Size fraction 0.125-0.063 mm, 3.0-4.0 phi, very fine sand; Size fraction 0.250-0.125 mm, 2.0-3.0 phi, fine sand; Size fraction 0.500-0.250 mm, 1.0-2.0 phi, medium sand; Size fraction 1.000-0.500 mm, 0.0-1.0 phi, coarse sand; Southern Ocean; SPP1158; Station label; W-120; W-163; Weddell Sea
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 4650 data points
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  • 73
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    Distribution of lagoons along the Arctic coast from the Taimyr Peninsula in Russia to the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula in Canada (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: KML files showing the distribution of lagoons wider than 500 m along the Arctic coast from the Taimyr Peninsula in Russia to the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula in Canada. There are two files: one specific to thermokarst lagoons and the other showing all lagoons. Interconnected lagoons are marked as one system. The criteria for the identification of thermokarst lagoons is described in Angelopoulos et al. (2021).
    Keywords: Alas; Arctic_lagoons; Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Bykovsky; CACOON; CATS; CATS - The Changing Arctic Transpolar System; Changing Arctic Carbon cycle in the cOastal Ocean Near-shore; electrical resistivity; File content; Lena Delta; Near surface geophysics; NUNATARYUK; NUNATARYUK, Permafrost thaw and the changing Arctic coast, science for socioeconomic adaptation; PETA-CARB; Rapid Permafrost Thaw in a Warming Arctic and Impacts on the Soil Organic Carbon Pool; Satellite imagery; SATI; Submarine Permafrost; subsea permafrost; talik; Thermokarst Lagoon
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 4 data points
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  • 74
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    Benthic foraminifera assemblage of sediment core DA17-NG-ST03-039G (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Benthic foraminifera assemblage data for marine sediment core DA17-NG-ST03-039G retrieved in the Westwind Trough on the Northeast Greenland Shelf. The marine gravity core was collected during the NorthGreen2017 cruise on board the research vessel RV Dana. The data covers the period 13.3 to 3.9 cal ka BP. The benthic foraminifera assemblage data was carried out in order to reconstruct the oceanographic development on the Northeast Greenland shelf.
    Keywords: Accumulation rate, agglutinated benthic foraminifera by number; Accumulation rate, calcareous benthic foraminifera by number; Accumulation rate, number of benthic foraminifera; Accumulation rate, planktic foraminifera by number; Adercotryma glomeratum; AGE; Benthic foraminifera assemblages; Buliminella elegantissima; Calculated; Cassidulina neoteretis; Cassidulina reniforme; Counting 63-1000 µm fraction; DA17-NG-ST03-039G; Dana II; deglacial; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Earlandammina inconspicua; Elphidium albiumbilicatum; Elphidium clavatum; Epistominella arctica; Foraminifera, benthic; Foraminifera, benthic, agglutinated/calcareous ratio; Foraminifera, benthic agglutinated; Foraminifera, benthic atlantic species; Foraminifera, benthic calcareous; Foraminifera, benthic productivity group; Foraminifera, planktic; GC; Gravity corer; Holocene; Islandiella norcrossi; Lagenammina difflugiformis; Marine Sediment Core; Nonionellina labradorica; Northeast Greenland; NorthGreen2017; Portatrochammina bipolaris; Psammosphera fusca; Recurvoides trochamminiformis; Spiroplectammina biformis; Stainforthia feylingi; Stainforthia horvathi; Textularia torquata
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1595 data points
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  • 75
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    Spatial extent of thermokarst lagoons along pan-Arctic coasts - an upscaling approach (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Along the ice rich pan-Arctic permafrost coasts thermokarst lagoons are a common landscape feature. These lagoons form when thermokarst lakes are inundated permanently or intermittently by the sea. This is the first estimation of the area of pan-Arctic thermokarst lagoons based on the mapping of 79 lagoons in 5 representative arctic regions: Mackenzie Delta (CA), Theshekpuk Lake coast (USA), Baldwin Peninsula (USA), Tiksi coast (RU), Lena Delta (RU). The extent of each of the lagoons was determined using the Global Surface Water dataset which is based on Landsat-5, -7, and -8 satellite images from 1984 to 2018 at 30m resolution (Pekel et al., 2016). Water bodies were defined by a water occurrence threshold of 〉75% over this time period. The raster dataset was vectorized and smaller geometric errors, which occurred during vectorization, were solved with the Fix Geometry function in QGIS3.6. The lagoon polygons were selected manually and these water bodies were split from the ocean by using the function “split by line”. The calculation of the polygon area is based on the re-projection in EPSG:32608, EPSG:26905, EPSG:32604, EPSG:32652 for Mackenzie Delta, Teshekpuk Lake coast, Baldwin Peninsula, Tiksi and Lena Delta coast respectively. The lagoon selection is based on the published dataset https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934158. The dataset consists of a polygon shape file for the 79 extracted thermokarst lagoons, a point shape file with coordinates for all lagoons and a data sheet.
    Keywords: Arctic_lagoons_1984-2018; Arctic lagoons; Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); CACOON; Carbon in Permafrost / Kohlenstoff im Permafrost; Changing Arctic Carbon cycle in the cOastal Ocean Near-shore; distribution; File content; KoPF; lagoon area; Permafrost; PETA-CARB; Rapid Permafrost Thaw in a Warming Arctic and Impacts on the Soil Organic Carbon Pool; Satellite imagery; SATI; size
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6 data points
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  • 76
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    Continuous thermosalinograph oceanography along RV SONNE cruise SO276 (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Underway temperature and salinity data was collected along the cruise track with two autonomous measurement systems, called self-cleaning monitoring boxes (SMBs). Usually, the SMBs are changed after 12 hours. However, on this cruise only SMB_B was working properly. While temperature is taken at the water inlet in about 3 m depth, salinity is estimated within the SMB from conductivity and interior temperature. No calibration was performed, neither for temperature nor for salinity. For details to all processing steps see Data Processing Report.
    Keywords: Calculated from internal temperature and conductivity; Conductivity; DAM_Underway; DAM Underway Research Data; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; Digital oceanographic thermometer, Sea-Bird, SBE 38; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Measurement container; MerMet 17-6; Quality flag, salinity; Quality flag, water temperature; Salinity; Seadatanet flag: Data quality control procedures according to SeaDataNet (2010); SO276; SO276_0_Underway-3; Sonne_2; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, internal; Thermosalinograph; Thermosalinograph, Sea-Bird, SBE 45; TSG
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 277014 data points
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  • 77
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    Hydroacoustic backscatter recorded by buoy 2020AZFP1 in the central Arctic Ocean during Sep 2020 - May 2021 (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: This dataset contains hydroacoustic measurements collected by an autonomous ice-tethered bio-physical observatory during its drift across the Central Arctic Ocean from the end of MOSAiC in September 2020 to the next spring in May 2021. The measurements were performed by an Acoustic Zooplankton and Fish Profiler (AZFP, ASL) with factory calibrations. Data are provided as volume backscatter (Sv, in dB re 1 m⁻¹). We provide data for the frequencies 67, 125, 200 and 455 kHz. These files contain the quality-controlled raw data. The data were cleaned, processed and analysed in the paper Sea-ice decline makes zooplankton stay deeper for longer by Flores, Veyssiere et al. (submitted to Nature Cliimate Change), which contains a detailed description of the instrument and the measurement settings. The format can be readily ingested in the hydroacoustic data processing application EchoView.
    Keywords: 2020AZFP1; Acoustical Zoological Fish Profiler; Arctic_PASSION; Arctic Ocean; Arctic PASSION; AZFP; Binary Object; central Arctic Ocean; DATE/TIME; ECOLIGHT; Ecosystem functions controlled by sea ice and light in a changing Arctic; File content; FRAM; FRontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring; Hydroacoustic backscatter; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; MIDO; Mosaic; MOSAiC; MOSAIC_PO; MOSAiC20192020; Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate; Multidisciplinary Ice-based Distributed Observatory; Pan-Arctic observing System of Systems: Implementing Observations for societal Needs; Polarstern; PS122/5; PS122/5_58-163; vertical migration; Zooplankton
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 8 data points
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  • 78
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    Multibeam bathymetry raw data (Kongsberg EM710 entire dataset) of RV SONNE during cruise SO276 (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Raw multibeam bathymetry data were recorded on RV SONNE during SO276 using Kongsberg EM710 multibeam echosounder. The cruise took place between 2020-06-22 - 2020-07-26 in the Atlantic Ocean. Data were recorded throughout the whole time spend outside EEZs in areas shallower than 1500m with an approximate average depth of around 400m. To enhance MBES data accuracy, CTD casts were made in the working area prior to each MBES survey using CTD rosette to raytrace beams with the obtained sound velocity profiles (SVP). During transits, SVPs from the WOA13 were applied via Sound Speed Manager Software to the data directly during acquisition with SIS Seafloor Information System. Data are unprocessed and can therefore contain incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) without further processing. The data are archived at the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany (Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, BSH) and provided to PANGAEA database for data curation and publication. Ancillary sound velocity profiles (SVP) files from the cruise are archived at the BSH, thus SVP files are added to this dataset. Data acquisition and provision were accomplished within work package 2 of the EU Horizon 2020 project iAtlantic- Integrated Assessment of Atlantic Marine Ecosystem in Space and Time (https://www.iatlantic.eu/) IceAge project.
    Keywords: Bathymetry; Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (Media Type); Comment; Data file recording distance; Data file recording duration; DATE/TIME; ELEVATION; EM710; Event label; File content; iAtlantic; IceAge; Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology; Integrated Assessment of Atlantic Marine Ecosystems in Space and Time; Kongsberg datagram raw file name; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; MerMet 17-6; Multibeam Echosounder; Number of pings; raw data; Ship speed; SO276; SO276_0_Underway-4; Sonne_2; Start of data file, depth; Start of data file, heading; Start of data file recording, date/time; Start of data file recording, latitude; Start of data file recording, longitude; Stop of data file, depth; Stop of data file, heading; Stop of data file recording, date/time; Stop of data file recording, latitude; Stop of data file recording, longitude; Swath-mapping system Simrad EM710 (Kongsberg Maritime AS)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2058 data points
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  • 79
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    Dissolved methane concentration variability along freshwater-sea continuum at Heligoland, Southern North Sea, 2021 (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: The dataset is about temporal variability of dissolved methane along the freshwater-sea continuum in northern Germany. Sensors were installed at fixed stations at in total three sites at different water depths. This dataset is from the station in Heligoland (54.1833 N, 7.8667 E) at about 9-12m depth (depending on the tide). The data was obtained between 27 April and 28 October in high frequency measurements (1 min) with a methane sensor from Kongsberg (4H Jena model CONTROS HydroC CH4,). Methane concentrations were calculated according to manufacturer's instructions, based on temperature and salinity values from UW-node Heligoland (Fischer, Philipp; Happel, Lea; Brand, Markus; Eickelmann, Laura; Lienkämper, Miriam; Bussmann, Ingeborg; Anselm, Norbert; Brix, Holger (2022): Hydrographical time series data of Helgoland, Southern North Sea, 2021. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950173). A gap in the salinity data was replaced with the median value of the observed time span (31.66). For the quality control of the data a local range of 0.1 – 1000 nmol/L was set, a technical range for the pump power 2 – 8. Watt, a spike and gradient value of 1. For a more detailed description see the article cited in References.
    Keywords: 2021_Heligoland_CH4; Alfred-Wegener-Institute; DATE/TIME; dissolved methane; in situ data; MaGeCH; Methane, dissolved; Methane sensor, -4H- JENA engineering GmbH, CONTROS HydroC® CH₄; Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems; MOSES
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 200282 data points
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  • 80
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    Dissolved methane concentration variability along freshwater-sea continuum at Geesthacht, northern Germany, 2021 (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: The dataset is about temporal variability of dissolved methane along the freshwater-sea continuum in northern Germany. Sensors were installed at fixed stations at in total three sites at different water depths. This dataset is from the station in Geesthacht (53.4112 N, 10.4032 E) at about 2 meter depth. The data was obtained between 14 April and 29 September 2021) in high frequency measurements (1 min) with a methane sensor from Kongsberg (4H Jena model CONTROS HydroC CH4,). Methane concentrations were calculated according to manufacturer's instructions. Data on temperature were provided by from Vattenfall, Kernkraftwerk Krümel, a salinity of 0.01 was assumed. Special thanks to the colleagues from Vattenfall for the logistic and technical support. For the quality control of the data a local range of 0.1 – 5000 nmol/L was set, a technical range for the pump power 2 – 8. Watt, a spike and gradient value of 1. For a more detailed description see the article cited in References.
    Keywords: 2021_Geesthacht_CH4; Alfred-Wegener-Institute; DATE/TIME; dissolved methane; in situ data; MaGeCH; Methane, dissolved; Methane sensor, -4H- JENA engineering GmbH, CONTROS HydroC® CH₄; Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems; MOSES
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 220976 data points
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  • 81
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    Physical oceanography during Alkor cruise AL540 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: This data set comprises raw CTD data collected during the RV ALKOR cruise AL540 conducted in July 2020 (July 21st to July 31st 2020) in the Western Baltic Sea by the University of Hamburg. The cruise was part of the 5-year MARSYS teaching cruise program of the University of Hamburg GFP20-1_047. The cruises are designed to train students in sampling methods targeting the different compartments of a marine ecosystem.
    Keywords: AL540; AL540_10-1; AL540_1-1; AL540_11-2; AL540_12-1; AL540_13-1; AL540_14-2; AL540_15-1; AL540_16-1; AL540_17-2; AL540_18-1; AL540_19-2; AL540_20-1; AL540_21-2; AL540_2-2; AL540_22-1; AL540_23-2; AL540_24-1; AL540_25-2; AL540_26-1; AL540_27-1; AL540_28-2; AL540_29-1; AL540_30-2; AL540_3-1; AL540_31-1; AL540_32-1; AL540_34-2; AL540_35-1; AL540_36-2; AL540_37-1; AL540_38-1; AL540_39-1; AL540_40-1; AL540_40-2; AL540_42-2; AL540_43-1; AL540_5-2; AL540_6-1; AL540_7-5; AL540_8-1; AL540_9-2; Alkor (1990); Baltic Sea; Chlorophyll a; Conductivity; Cruise/expedition; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; DATE/TIME; Density, sigma-theta (0); DEPTH, water; Event label; Field measurements; GPF 19-2_026; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; MSN; Multiparameter probe (CTD), Sea & Sun Technology, CTD90M [Series II]; coupled with Fluorometer, Turner Designs, Cyclops-7 [for Chlorphyll a]; coupled with Oxygen sensor, AMT Analysenmesstechnik GmbH; Multiple opening/closing net; Oxygen, dissolved; Oxygen saturation; pH; Pressure, water; RV ALKOR; Salinity; Station label; summer; Teaching cruise; Temperature, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 380523 data points
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  • 82
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    d13C values measured by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry in shells of the planktic foraminifer Morozovella velascoensis from ODP Site 865 (Central Pacific) across the PETM (~56 Ma) (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Foraminiferal shells of the species M. velascoensis from sediments spanning ~650 ka across the PETM section of ODP Site 865, Central Pacific, were cast with 3 grains of UWC-3 calcite standard (Kozdon et al., 2009) in the center of a 25 mm round epoxy mount, ground to the level of best exposure, polished, cleaned, and Au-coated. Prior to geochemical analysis, shells were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to identify subdomains suitable for in-situ d13C and Mg/Ca ratio measurements and to avoid diagenetically altered zones within each shell. In-situ d13C measurements were performed with ~7 µm beam spot size in the WiscSIMS Laboratory at UW-Madison by a CAMECA ims-1280 large radius multicollector ion microprobe) using the protocols described in a previous study (Kozdon et al., 2018). The in-situ d13C microanalyses primarily targeted subdomains located at the base of pustular outgrowths (muricae) along the chamber walls of each shell. Previous studies have shown that these subdomains are less susceptible to post-depositional alteration than the rest of the shell (Kozdon et al., 2011; Kozdon et al., 2013). Between one and five SIMS d13C microanalyses were performed for each shell. Reproducibility of the individual spot analysis of UWC-3 standard (d13C = -0.91‰ V-PDB, Kozdon et al., 2011) bracketing samples is on average 0.7‰ (± 2 SD).
    Keywords: 143-865C; d13C; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Event label; Foraminifera; Hole; Identification; Interval; Joides Resolution; Large radius multicollector ion microprobe, CAMECA, ims-1280; Leg143; Morozovella velascoensis, δ13C; North Pacific Ocean; PETM; Sample code/label; Section; SIMS; Size fraction
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 434 data points
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  • 83
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    Body mass-density of Cyclothone species from the SUMMER cruise in Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: This dataset contains the values of standard length, wet weight, and body mass-density of Cyclothone spp. measured during the SUMMER cruise (from 30th September to 18th October 2020). Samples were obtained with the "Mesopelagos" midwater trawl during day and night hauls carried out from the surface to 700-800 m depth. The Mesopelagos net consists of graded-mesh netting starting with 30 mm and ending with 4 mm. The specimens collected were immediately identified and measured (standard length, SL). Body-mass densities (ρ) of Cyclothone braueri, C. pseudopallida, C. pygmaea and C. pallida were determined on board via a density-bottle method (Greenlaw, 1977; Mikami et al., 2000).
    Keywords: 29SG20200929; 29SG20200929_1-PEL05; 29SG20200929_1-PEL06; 29SG20200929_2-PEL07; 29SG20200929_3-PEL15; 29SG20200929_3-PEL16; 29SG20200929_3-PEL17; 29SG20200929_4-PEL22; Alboran Sea, Mediterranean Sea; Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean Sea; BATHYPELAGIC; Biomass and Active Flux in the Bathypelagic Zone; body-mass density; bristlemouth; Caliper; Code; CTD; DATE/TIME; Density, mass density; Density-bottle method; DEPTH, water; Estructura y dinámica del ecosistema bentopelágico de talud en dos zonas oligotróficas del Mediterráneo: una aproximación multidisciplinar y a distintas escalas temporales en las Islas Baleares; Event label; fatty-tissue; Fish, body mass density; Fish, standard length; Fish, wet weighted; Gas; Gulf of Cádiz, Atlantic Ocean; Histology; ICM_Excellence_Centre; IDEADOS; LATITUDE; Light mode; LONGITUDE; Mesopelagos; micronekton; Midwater trawl, Mesopelagos (Meillat, 2012); PEL05; PEL06; PEL07; PEL15; PEL16; PEL17; PEL22; Sarmiento de Gamboa; Sea off Lisbon, Atlantic Ocean; Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence; Species, unique identification; Species, unique identification (Semantic URI); Species, unique identification (URI); Station label; SUMMER; Sustainable Management of Mesopelagic Resources; swimbladder; TRIATLAS; Tropical and South Atlantic climate-based marine ecosystem predictions for sustainable management; Visual observation; Wet mass
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1024 data points
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  • 84
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    Below-ground carbon stocks and soil properties in the central Lena River Delta, Kurungnakh and Samoylov Islands from 12 permafrost profiles sampled in 2018 (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Arctic warming increases the degradation of permafrost soils but little is known about floodplain soils and other permafrost soils in the permafrost region. This dataset present soil properties from twelve analyzed cores located in the northeastern Siberian Lena River Delta within the continuous permafrost zone in northern Yakutia, Russia that were sampled in 2018. The cores represent intact yedoma, yedoma thaw slumps, and floodplain profiles. The soil coring and sampling was carried out in August 2018 for a total of 30 soil cores, 35 soil profiles, and 341 sediment samples. First, vegetation and other characteristics of the plots were described. Then, the active layer soils were excavated, described, and sampled with a fixed volume cylinder (250 cm³). Then the permafrost layers were sampled with a modified, snow, ice, and permafrost (SIPRE) auger to a depth of 1 m (core diameter of 7.62 cm) and visually described in their characteristics. Each core was divided into subsamples with 5-10 cm length according to its facies horizons, transported frozen to Alfred Wegener Institute in Potsdam, and stored at -20 °C until analysis. A subset of these sediment samples (n=105 from 12 cores) were later analyzed in the laboratory for physical and chemical properties; this data is presented here. The analysis from these samples includes: water content, dry bulk density, gravimetric ice content, pH, conductivity, total organic carbon content, total inorganic carbon content, total carbon content, total nitrogen content, carbon density, TOC storage, and TN storage. Selected samples were further analyzed for radiocarbon and grain size analysis.
    Keywords: 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 24; 25; Accelerator mass spectrometry, Ionplus, Mini Carbon Dating System (MiCaDaS AWI); AGE; Age, error; Arctic Tundra; AWI Arctic Land Expedition; Calculated; Calculated from dry bulk density and TC; Calculated from dry bulk density and TN; Calculated from dry bulk density and TOC; Calculated from wet mass and water content; Carbon, inorganic, total; Carbon, organic, total; Carbon, organic, total, storage; Carbon, total; Carbon, total/Nitrogen, total ratio; Carbon Analyzer, Elementar, soli TOC cube; Carbon density, soil; Carbon in Permafrost / Kohlenstoff im Permafrost; CARBOPERM; Clay; Comment; Conductivity, electrolytic; DATE/TIME; Density, dry bulk; DEPTH, soil; Depth, soil, maximum; Depth, soil, minimum; DIN 4022; Distribution; Dry mass; Event label; Flood plain; FluxWIN; Formation, turnover and release of carbon in Siberian permafrost landscapes; Fraction modern carbon; Gear; Grain Size; Grain size, mean; Grain size, mean, standard deviation; Grain size description; Ice content, gravimetric; incubation; KoPF; KUR18-P13-YED; KUR18-P14-SLU; KUR18-P15-YED; KUR18-P16-SLO; KUR18-P17-FLO; KUR18-P18-SAN; KUR18-P19-GRA; Kurungnakh; Lena 2018; Length; Methane emissions; Multi-parameter meter, Xylem Analytics, MultiLab 540; Name; Nitrogen, total; Nitrogen Analyzer, Elementar, rapid MAX N exceed; Nitrogen density, soil; Particle size analyzer, Malvern Panalytical, Mastersizer 3000 laser; permafrost carbon storage; permafrost soil; pH; radiocarbon; RU-Land_2018_Lena; SAM18-P20-LSH; SAM18-P21-HST; SAM18-P22-SAN; SAM18-P24-NEI; SAM18-P25-ABC; Samoylov Islands; Sample ID; Sample number; Sample volume; Sand; Section; Silt; Soil organic carbon storage; SOILS; Soil sample; Soil total nitrogen storage; Sorting description; Texture; The role of non-growing season processes in the methane and nitrous oxide budgets in pristine northern ecosystems; Type; Water content, relative; Water loss per dry weight; Wet mass; Yedoma; δ13C; δ14C
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3696 data points
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  • 85
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    Macrofauna abundance from multicorer and box corer samples for ten stations around the Antarctic Peninsula (POLARSTERN cruise PS 81, ANT-XXIX/3, January–March 2013) (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: This dataset provides abundance data for macrofaunal taxa determined from sediment samples collected around the Antarctic Peninsula. A minimum of three samples (cores) were taken at each station with a MUC10 multicorer or giant box corer during PS81. The whole sediment cores (top to bottom) were preserved in a in 4%-borax-buffered formaldehyde solution prior to sieving (sieve size 500 µm) and counting (detailed methods in Säring et al. submitted). Only at station 241, cores were sliced into depth layers (0–2 cm, 2–5 cm, 5– bottom) and size fractions distinguished (sieve size 500 µm, 1000 µm). Abundances are presented per whole core as ind./m². Data from different layers and size fractions (station 241) are available upon request. Macrofauna communities included individuals from 13 higher taxa. The macrofauna abundance data are part of a larger ecological study on meio- and macrofauna communities and their relation to environmental conditions and remineralisation at the sediment-water interface (see Related to below). For the larger study, sediment cores from which macrofauna abundance data are deposited here were also used for microcosm incubations: Untreated incubations (Benthic ecosystem Function Experiments BEFEx), and incubations with and without microalgae addition (Algae Feeding Experiment AFEx). Cores from BEFEx and AFEx without algae are labeled with NT (not treated), cores from AFEx with algae are labeled as T (treated).
    Keywords: Acari; Amphipoda; Annelida; Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; ANT-XXIX/3; Area/locality; Bivalvia; box corer; Cnidaria; community composition; Copepoda; Counting 〉500 µm fraction; Cruise/expedition; Cumacea; Date/Time of event; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Echinodermata; Elevation of event; Event label; Experiment; fauna abundance; Gear; Gear identification number; Giant box corer; GKG; Isopoda; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Macrobenthos; MUC; MultiCorer; Mysida; Nematoda; Ostracoda; Polarstern; Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas; PS81; PS81/118-5; PS81/118-7; PS81/120-4; PS81/162-2; PS81/162-6; PS81/163-3; PS81/202-2; PS81/217-5; PS81/218-2; PS81/225-2; PS81/235-2; PS81/241-2; PS81/241-3; PS81/241-4; PS81/241-5; Sample ID; Scotia Sea; Southern Ocean; SPP1158; Station label; Tanaidacea; taxa; Treatment; Weddell Sea
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 782 data points
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  • 86
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    Biotic and abiotic water-column characteristics (Chla, Phaeo, TC, TN, δ13C, δ15N) at stations in the Weddell Sea (POLARSTERN cruise PS 96, ANT-XXXI/2, December 2015–February 2016) (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: This dataset contains biotic and abiotic data from water-column samples taken with Niskin bottles mounted on the CTD rosette from 14 sites in the Weddell Sea (mostly South-Eastern). Data are provided for water-column pigments (chlorophyll a and phaeopigment content through fluorometry), total carbon (TC) and nitrogen (TN) and stable isotope values of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C, δ15N) from the chlorophyll maximum (Cmax, defined as the water depth with maximum fluorescence detected during in-situ profiles) and close to the sea bottom. Water was filtered onto glass fiber filters (GF/C for pigments, combusted GF/F for C and N analyses) and stored at -80°C prior to analysis. Detailed methods are described in Säring et al. (submitted) except for stable isotopes: Flash combustion in a Flash 2000 (Thermo) elemental analyser to a Delta V advantage (Thermo) isotope ratio masspectrometer. δ values are reported relative to atmospheric N₂ (δ15N) and Vienna PeeDee Belemnite (δ13C). Reference materials for stable isotope analysis: IAEA-N1, IAEA-N2, IAEA-N3, NBS 22, IAEA-CH-3 and IAEA-CH-6; calibration material: Acetanilide (Merck). The analytical precision for both stable isotope ratios was 〈±0.2‰. Samples were not acidified to avoid loss of material. We assumed low inorganic carbon content in the water column for our analyses. This data table is part of a larger study analysing the role of environmental parameters for meio- and macrofaunal community composition (see Related to below).
    Keywords: Antarctica; ANT-XXXI/2 FROSN; Carbon, total; Chlorophyll a; chlorophyll bottom; chlorophyll maximum; Cruise/expedition; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Elevation of event; Event label; Flash combustion in a Flash 2000 (Thermo) elemental analyser to a Delta V advantage (Thermo) isotope ratio masspectrometer; Flash combustion in a Flash 2000 (Thermo) elemental analyzer; Fluorometry; Gear; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Nitrogen, total; phaeopigments; Phaeopigments; pigments; Polarstern; Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas; PS96; PS96/001-1; PS96/005-2; PS96/010-7; PS96/017-1; PS96/026-13; PS96/027-1; PS96/037-2; PS96/048-1; PS96/059-1; PS96/061-2; PS96/072-2; PS96/090-3; PS96/104-1; PS96/115-1; Sample type; Southern Ocean; SPP1158; Stable isotope; Station label; Total Carbon; total nitrogen; water column; Weddell Sea; δ13C; δ15N
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 235 data points
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  • 87
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    Continuous thermosalinograph oceanography along RV Sonne cruise SO276 (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Underway temperature and salinity data was collected along the cruise track with two autonomous measurement systems, called self-cleaning monitoring boxes (SMBs). Usually, the SMBs are changed after 12 hours. However, on this cruise only SMB_B was working properly. While temperature is taken at the water inlet in about 3 m depth, salinity is estimated within the SMB from conductivity and interior temperature. No calibration was performed, neither for temperature nor for salinity. For details to all processing steps see Data Processing Report.
    Keywords: Calculated from internal temperature and conductivity; Conductivity; DAM_Underway; DAM Underway Research Data; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; Digital oceanographic thermometer, Sea-Bird, SBE 38; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Measurement container; MerMet 17-6; Quality flag, salinity; Quality flag, water temperature; Salinity; Seadatanet flag: Data quality control procedures according to SeaDataNet (2010); SO276; SO276_0_Underway-3; Sonne_2; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, internal; Thermosalinograph; Thermosalinograph, Sea-Bird, SBE 45; TSG
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 277014 data points
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  • 88
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    Dissolved trace elements (Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) measured on water bottle samples from ultra clean CTD/Water sampler-system during POLARSTERN cruise PS100 / GN05 (ARK-XXX/2) (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: This dataset contains measured dissolved trace element concentrations (Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) of station depth profiles sampled in Fram Strait (North Greenland Sea) during GEOTRACES expedition GN05 (PS100) between 21 July and 1 September 2016. Samples were collected strictly following GEOTRACES guidelines (Cutter et al., 2017; https://www.geotraces.org) and analysed exactly as per Rapp et al., 2017 ( Anal. Chim. Acta; doi:10.1016/j.aca.2017.05.008). Concentrations were intercalibrated with GEOTRACES reference materials SAFe S and GSC (Bruland Research Lab), with exception of dissolved Cd data. Information on the analytical procedure including reference materials and limits of detection can be found in related published manuscripts, the PhD thesis of Stephan Krisch (Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel) or can be obtained from the authors upon request. Table caption: Measured concentrations of dissolved trace elements in Fram Strait sampled during GEOTRACES expedition GN05 (PS100) between 21 July-1 September 2006. Uncertainty is calculated as one standard deviation (1σ, STD) to replicate measurements via ICP-MS. ND = no data. Use of quality flags (QF) according to GEOTRACES policy (https://www.geotraces.org/geotraces-quality-flag-policy/). Plesae note, dissolved Cd data is not quality controlled. Somes samples were pooled (indicated in column "Bottle") from different bottles at one depth; the concentrations reflects the mean and the corresponding uncertainty is calculated as the standard deviation to replicate measurements. Trace metal concentrations at station 24 may show larger variations between different bottles at one specific depth. Because station 24 is located at Dijmphna Sund entrance sill, we associate these discrepancies to the water column's strong lateral and vertical turbulence (see ucCTD physical oceanography data) (e.g. Mortensen et al. 2011, 2013, Carroll et al. 2017) that goes in hand with localized TM aggregation-dissolution and sediment resuspension processes, thus affecting TM fractionation (e.g. Homoky et al. 2012).
    Keywords: Arctic; ARK-XXX/2, GN05; Bottle number; Cadmium, dissolved; Cadmium, dissolved, standard deviation; calculated, 1 sigma; Cobalt, dissolved; Cobalt, dissolved, standard deviation; Copper, dissolved; Copper, dissolved, standard deviation; Cruise/expedition; CTD/Rosette, ultra clean; CTD-UC; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Elevation of event; Event label; Fram Strait; GEOTRACES; Global marine biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes; GN05; Greenland Sea; Inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); Iron, dissolved; Iron, dissolved, standard deviation; Latitude of event; Lead, dissolved; Lead, standard deviation; Longitude of event; Manganese, dissolved; Manganese, dissolved, standard deviation; micronutrients; Nickel, dissolved; Nickel, dissolved, standard deviation; North Greenland Sea; Polarstern; PS100; PS100/013-1; PS100/015-1; PS100/021-1; PS100/028-1; PS100/033-1; PS100/037-1; PS100/042-1; PS100/044-1; PS100/053-2; PS100/056-1; PS100/074-1; PS100/082-1; PS100/090-1; PS100/094-1; PS100/101-1; PS100/102-1; PS100/103-2; PS100/135-1; PS100/165-1; PS100/189-1; PS100/202-1; PS100/214-1; PS100/241-1; PS100/262-1; PS100/274-2; PS100/280-1; PS100/288-1; Quality flag; Seadatanet flag: Data quality control procedures according to SeaDataNet (2010); Standard deviation, relative; Station label; trace elements; trace metals; Zinc, dissolved; Zinc, dissolved, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 16511 data points
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  • 89
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    A global marine particulate organic carbon-13 isotope data product (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: A new version (2022) is available: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.946915 Marine particulate organic carbon-13 stable isotope ratios (δ13CPOC) provide additional constraints and insights on the cycling of carbon from dissolved pools to the marine ecosystem including anthropogenic contributions. For such purposes, robust spatio-temporal coverage of δ13CPOC observations is essential. We collected all such available known data sets, merged and uniformed them to provide – to the best of our knowledge – the largest available marine δ13CPOC data set. The data set consists of 4732 data points covering all major ocean basins from the 1960s to 2010s. We provide the data in twenty-one different files for best direct application on specific research purposes: a csv file including the 4732 δ13CPOC measurements, their anomalies relative to their mean −23.96 ‰ as well as all available meta-information a NetCDF file including an interpolation onto the 1°x1°-resolution grid based on the World Ocean Atlas (WOA18) data product of all δ13CPOC measurements with full spatio-temporal metadata, averaging all observations from each year together, each year accounting for a time increment on the time axis twelve NetCDF files - one for each month of the year - including an interpolation onto the 1°x1°-resolution grid based on the World Ocean Atlas (WOA18) data product of all δ13CPOC measurements with full spatio-temporal metadata, averaging only observations from the respective month, each year accounting for a time increment on the time axis a NetCDF file including an interpolation onto a 1.8°x3.6°-resolution grid of a δ13CPOC simulating model of all δ13CPOC measurements with full spatial metadata six NetCDF files – one for each decade between the 1960s and 2010s – including an interpolation onto the 1.8°x3.6°-resolution grid of a δ13CPOC simulating model of all δ13CPOC measurements with full spatial metadata and available sample year information
    Keywords: Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (Media Type); carbon isotope; Description; global; organic carbon; seawater
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 42 data points
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  • 90
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    Altern als Zukunft. Transkripte der Interviews (2022)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Qualiservice
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: DE: Transkripte der Interviews, die für die von Stephan Lessenich geleitete Studie "Alter(n) als Zukunft" durchgeführt wurden. Der Datensatz enthält 87 in zwei Wellen erhobene problemzentrierte Interviews mit älteren und alten Menschen. Die Interviews wurden von 2013 bis 2019 in und um zwei deutsche Städte (jeweils in Ost- und Westdeutschland) durchgeführt. Das Sampling kombinierte den Ansatz der Grounded Theory mit Aspekten des selektiven Samplings. Für die erste Befragungswelle wurden 57 Personen im Alter von mindestens 60 Jahren ausgewählt, die bereits im Ruhestand waren. Von diesen 57 Personen wurden 20 bereits im Rahmen der Vorgängerprojekte "Zonen des Übergangs" und "Vom wohlverdienten Ruhestand zum Alterskraftunternehmer" interviewt. Dabei wurde anhand der Merkmale Bildungsgrad, Geschlecht, Familienstand, sozioökonomischem Status, Erfahrung kritischer Lebensereignisse sowie eventuellen Sorgeverpflichtungen gegenüber Angehörigen kontrastiert. Die Interviews der ersten Welle fokussieren das Verständnis des Begriffs "Ruhestand", die Zeit- und Alltagsgestaltung der Befragten sowie die Endlichkeit des Lebens. In der zweiten Welle lag der Fokus der Stichprobenbildung auf Ruheständler:innen im Alter von über 70 Jahren. Dabei ergaben sich 7 Interviews mit Personen, die bereits in der ersten Welle interviewt wurden. Der inhaltliche Schwerpunkt der Interviews lag auf der biographischen Bedeutung der Lebensphasen Ruhestand und Alter mit Themen wie Endlichkeit, Sterben und Tod. Neben der Thematik des Zeithandelns im Alter bietet der Datensatz u.a. Nachnutzungspotenziale in den Bereichen Biographieforschung, Geschlechterforschung und Methodologie. EN: Transcripts of the interviews conducted for the study "Alter(n) als Zukunft" (="Age(ing) as future") led by Stephan Lessenich. The dataset contains 87 problem-centered interviews with elderly and old people collected in two waves. The interviews were conducted between the years 2013 and 2019 in and around two German cities (each in East and West Germany). The sampling combined the grounded theory approach with aspects of selective sampling. For the first wave, 57 persons of at least 60 years were selected who were already retired. Out of these 57 persons, 20 had been already interviewed during the two previous projects "Zonen des Übergangs" (="Zones of transition") and "Vom wohlverdienten Ruhestand zum Alterskraftunternehmer" ("From well-deserved retirement to retirement entrepreneur"). The sample was contrasted according to the properties educational level, gender, marital status, socio-economic status, experience of critical life events and possible care obligations for relatives. The interviews conducted in the first wave focussed perceptions of the concept "retirement", the organisation of time and everyday life and the finiteness of life. In the second wave, the sampling criteria focused on retirees aged 70 years or older. In this group, 7 interviews were conducted with persons who already participated in the first wave. Content-wise, the main focus was now the biographical meaning of the life phase of retirement and old age, including topics such as finiteness, dying and death. Potentials for scientific re-use of the dataset include the meaning of time in the old age, and also relate to (among others) biographical research, gender research, and methodology.
    Keywords: AaZ; AaZ_01; AaZ_02; Age, social sciences; Altern als Zukunft; Case identification; Data collection date; Data ID; Educational attainment; Event duration; File name; Gender, social sciences; General data format; Interview. Problemzentriertes Interview; Language; Marital status; Monthly household income; Number of children; Number of grandchildren; Occupation; Page(s); Pseudonym; PZI; Religion
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1690 data points
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  • 91
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    Multibeam bathymetry raw data (Kongsberg EM 122 working area dataset) of RV SONNE during cruise SO276 (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Multibeam bathymetry raw data was recorded in the North Atlantic during cruise SO276 MerMet 17-6 that took place between 2020-06-22 and 2020-07-26. The data was collected using the ship's own Kongsberg EM 122. Sound velocity profiles (SVP) were applied on the data for calibration. Please see environmental data (zip file) and the cruise report for details. The bathymetric data acquisition was carried out within the IceAge project which aims to investigate the North Atlantic ecosystem. Working areas have been selected to offer a variability of environments (e.g., variability of water depth, and geological setting (shelf, mid-ocean ridge, deep basin)). The bathymetric data were used to plan ROV dives and sampling stations as well as background for habitat mapping studies.
    Keywords: Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (Media Type); Comment; Data file recording distance; Data file recording duration; DATE/TIME; ELEVATION; Event label; File content; iAtlantic; IceAge; Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology; Integrated Assessment of Atlantic Marine Ecosystems in Space and Time; KEM122; Kongsberg datagram raw file name; KONGSBERG EM122; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; MerMet 17-6; Norwegian Sea, Arctic Ocean; Number of pings; Ship speed; SO276; SO276_0_Underway-1; Sonne_2; Start of data file, depth; Start of data file, heading; Start of data file recording, date/time; Start of data file recording, latitude; Start of data file recording, longitude; Stop of data file, depth; Stop of data file, heading; Stop of data file recording, date/time; Stop of data file recording, latitude; Stop of data file recording, longitude
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 4002 data points
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  • 92
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    Multibeam bathymetry processed data (Kongsberg EM710 entire dataset) of RV SONNE during cruise SO276 (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Swath sonar bathymetry data used for that dataset was recorded during RV SONNE during cruise SO276 using Kongsberg EM710 multibeam echosounder. The cruise took place between 22.06.2020 - 26.07.2020 in the Atlanic Ocean. Data were recorded throughout the whole time spend outside EEZs. The approximate average depth of the entire dataset is around 4000m. To enhance MBES data accuracy, sound velocity profile casts were conducted in the vicinity of the working area prior to the survey using CTD rosette. During transits, sound velocity profile from the WOA13 were aplied via Sound Speed Manager Software. After processing, these data were directly imported into the MBES Acquisition software Kongsberg SIS Seafloor Information System. Data were manually edited for false measurements using Qimera. Raster were calculated and stored in GeoTIFF format with a 100m resolution (negative values), WGS85 as vertical datum and UTM as a projection, both for EM122 & EM710. Data products include ungridded soundings and bathymetric grids (100 m resolution) of the entire cruise for each EM122 & EM710. The data processing and provision was accomplished within work package 2 of the EU Horizon 2020 project iAtlantic- Integrated Assessment of Atlantic Marine Ecosystem in Space and Time and the IceAge project.
    Keywords: Bathymetry; Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (Media Type); Elevation, maximum; Elevation, minimum; File content; Horizontal datum; Horizontal datum, projection stored in file; iAtlantic; IceAge; Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology; Integrated Assessment of Atlantic Marine Ecosystems in Space and Time; Latitude, northbound; Latitude, southbound; Longitude, eastbound; Longitude, westbound; MerMet 17-6; Multibeam; Raster cell size; SO276; SO276_0_Underway-4; Sonne_2; Swath-mapping system Simrad EM710 (Kongsberg Maritime AS); UTM Easting, Universal Transverse Mercator; UTM Northing, Universal Transverse Mercator; UTM Zone, Universal Transverse Mercator
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 24 data points
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  • 93
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    Continuous temperature observations in mudflat sediment, Spiekeroog, Germany, 2021-05 to 2023-09 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Data presented here were collected between May 2021 to September 2023 within the research unit DynaCom (Spatial community ecology in highly dynamic landscapes: From island biogeography to metaecosystems, https://uol.de/dynacom/ ) of the Universities of Oldenburg, Göttingen, and Münster, the iDiv Leipzig and the Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer. Experimental islands and saltmarsh enclosed plots were created in the back barrier tidal flat and in the saltmarsh zone of the island of Spiekeroog. Temperature in the mudflat sediment surface layer (in approximately 0.05m depth) was measured with DEFI-T miniature temperature recorders (JFE Advantech Co., Ltd., Tokyo; DEFI-T). The manufacturer pre-calibrated the temperature recorders and were installed in the surface layer of the back barrier tidal flat and at the salt marsh edge of Spiekeroog. Recorded data were internally logged until readout with the DEFI Series software (V1.02). The position was derived from a portable DGPS-system. Date and Time is given in UTC. Data handling was performed according to Zielinski et al. (2018): Post-processing of collected data was done using MATLAB (R2018a). Quality control was performed by (a) erasing data covering maintenance activities, (b) removing outliers, defined as data exhibiting changes of more than two standard deviations within one time step, and (c) visually checks.
    Keywords: back barrier tidal flat; BEFmate; BEFmate_SaltMarshEdge1; BEFmate_seafloor2; BEFmate_seafloor3; biodiversity - ecosystem functioning; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DynaCom; DynaCom_seafloor; Event label; experimental islands; FOR 2716: Spatial community ecology in highly dynamic landscapes: from island biogeography to metaecosystems; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Metacommunity; Miniature temperature recorder, JFE Advantech, DEFI-T; mudflat; MULT; Multiple investigations; off Spiekeroog, German Bight, North Sea; salt marsh; SCO; Spiekeroog; Spiekeroog, German Bight, North Sea; Spiekeroog Coastal Observatory; Temperature; Temperature, in rock/sediment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 267165 data points
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  • 94
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    KOSMOS 2021 Gran Canaria mesocosm study on ocean alkalinity enhancement: phytoplankton metabolic rates (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) could augment long-term carbon storage and mitigate ocean acidification by increasing the bicarbonate ion concentration in ocean water. However, the side effects and/or potential co-benefits of OAE on natural planktonic communities remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, 9 mesocosms were deployed in the oligotrophic waters of Gran Canaria, from September 14th to October 16th, 2021. A CO2-equilibrated Total Alkalinity (TA) gradient was employed in increments of 300 µmol·L-1, ranging from ~2400 to ~4800 µmol·L-1. The carbonate chemistry conditions in terms of TA and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), which were then used to calculate pCO2 and pH, and the nitrate+nitrite, phosphate and silicate concentrations were measured every two days over the course of the 33-day experiment alongside the following biotic parameters. Net Community Production (NCP), Gross Production (GP), Community Respiration (CR) rates, as well as the metabolic balance (GP:CR), were monitored every two days through oxygen production and consumption using the winkler method. Fractionated 14C uptake and chlorophyll a were also determined every four days although, initially, the total PO14C and DO14C production were also measured every 4 days, in between, up to day 13. Finally, flow cytometry was also carried out every two days and synecococcus, picoeukaryote and nanophytoplankton abundances were obtained. No damaging effect of CO2-equilibrated OAE in the range applied here, on phytoplankton primary production, community metabolism and composition could be inferred from our results. In fact, a potential co-benefit to OAE was observed in the form of the positive curvilinear response to the DIC gradient up to the ∆TA1800 treatment. Further experimental research at this scale is key to gain a better understanding of the short and long-term effects of OAE on planktonic communities.
    Keywords: 14C-DOC; 14C-POC; 14C uptake; AQUACOSM; Canarias Sea; Chlorophyll a, total; chlorophyll-a concentration; Chlorophyll a microplankton; Chlorophyll a nanoplankton; Chlorophyll a picoplankton; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; Depth, water, experiment, bottom/maximum; Depth, water, experiment, top/minimum; Event label; Extracellular release; Field experiment; flow cytometry; Flow cytometry; Gross community production/respiration rate, oxygen, ratio; Gross community production of oxygen; Identification; KOSMOS_2021; KOSMOS_2021_Mesocosm-M1; KOSMOS_2021_Mesocosm-M2; KOSMOS_2021_Mesocosm-M3; KOSMOS_2021_Mesocosm-M4; KOSMOS_2021_Mesocosm-M5; KOSMOS_2021_Mesocosm-M6; KOSMOS_2021_Mesocosm-M7; KOSMOS_2021_Mesocosm-M8; KOSMOS_2021_Mesocosm-M9; KOSMOS Gran Canaria; MESO; mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; Nanoeukaryotes; Net community production of oxygen; Network of Leading European AQUAtic MesoCOSM Facilities Connecting Mountains to Oceans from the Arctic to the Mediterranean; Ocean-based Negative Emission Technologies; OceanNETs; Picoeukaryotes; primary production; Primary production of carbon, organic, dissolved; Primary production of carbon, organic, particulate; Primary production of carbon, organic, total; Respiration rate, oxygen, community; Synechococcus; Treatment: alkalinity, total; Type of study; Winkler oxygen
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3828 data points
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  • 95
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    Mg/Ca ratios measured by Electron Probe Microanalyzer in shells of the planktic foraminifer Morozovella allisonensis from the PETM section of ODP Site 865 (Central Pacific) (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Foraminiferal shells of the species M. allisonensis from the PETM section of ODP Site 865, Central Pacific, were embedded in epoxy and polished to midsection. Suitable, well-preserved domains for in-situ analysis were identified by scanning electron microscopy. In-situ measurements of the Mg/Ca ratios were performed using a CAMECA SX-51 electron microprobe housed in the Cameron and Wilcox Microbeam Laboratory at the UW-Madison Department of Geoscience. Depending on the number of suitable targets for analysis, between one and seven Mg/Ca measurements were performed for each shell. Fully quantitative microanalyses (mineral standards, background subtracted, and matrix corrected) were performed using Probe for EPMA software (Probe Software, Inc.). The natural carbonate standards Delight Dolomite and Callender Calcite were used for Mg and Ca, respectively. Mg-K alpha X-rays were measured on two spectrometers and aggregated. Carbon was calculated within the matrix correction, being allocated as one atom of carbon to 3 atoms of oxygen, and oxygen by stoichiometry to the cations measured, thus analytical totals of 98 – 100.5 wt. % are a measure of accuracy. Analyses featuring analytical totals below 98 wt. % or above 100.5 wt. % were excluded from the data set
    Keywords: 143-865C; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Electron microprobe, CAMECA, SX-51; EPMA; Event label; Foraminifera; Hole; Identification; Interval; Joides Resolution; Leg143; Mg/Ca; Morozovella allisonensis, Magnesium/Calcium ratio; North Pacific Ocean; PETM; Sample code/label; Section; Size fraction
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 49 data points
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  • 96
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    Air-sea exchange and its impacts on biogeochemistry in the Indian Ocean (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: The exchange of trace gases across the ocean/atmosphere interface, as well as the deposition of atmospheric pollutants and aerosols, are key processes linking the biogeochemical cycles and biological processes in the ocean with atmospheric chemistry and climate. Here we summarize our knowledge about the distributions of long-lived trace gases (CO2, CH4, N2O), short-lived trace gases, and pollutants (dimethyl sulfide (DMS), isoprene, halocarbons, NOx, SO2, O3, and others), and aerosols in the Indian Ocean. In general, dissolved trace gases show a pronounced temporal and spatial variability, which is caused by the variability of both physical processes (e.g., coastal upwelling) and biological productivity. The distributions of pollutants and aerosols and their depositions to the sea surface are mainly driven by the monsoon system and the variability of their land sources. Nitrogen and iron-containing aerosols can significantly affect biological production in the surface layer of the open Indian Ocean.
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: slideshow
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  • 97
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    Integrative taxonomy of new neomphaloidean gastropods from deep-sea hot vents of the southwestern Pacific (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Neomphaloidean gastropods are endemic to chemosynthesis-based ecosystems ranging from hot vents to organic falls, and their diversity and evolutionary history remain poorly understood. In the southwestern Pacific, deep-sea hydrothermal vents on back-arc basins and volcanic arcs are found in three geographically secluded regions: a western region around Manus Basin, an eastern region around North Fiji and Lau Basins, and the intermediate Woodlark Basin where active venting was confirmed only recently, on the 2019 R/V L’Atalante CHUBACARC expedition. Although various lineages of neomphaloidean snails have been detected, typically restricted to one of the three regions, some of these have remained without names. Here, we use integrative taxonomy to describe three of these species: the neomphalid Symmetromphalus mithril sp. nov. from Woodlark Basin and the peltospirids Symmetriapelta becki sp. nov. from the eastern region and Symmetriapelta radiata sp. nov. from Woodlark Basin. A combination of shell sculpture and radular characters allow the morphological separation of these new species from their described congeners. A molecular phylogeny reconstructed from 570 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene confirmed the placement of the three new species in their respective genera and the superfamily Neomphaloidea. The finding of these new gastropods, particularly the ones from the Woodlark Basin, provides insights and implications on the historical role of Woodlark as a dispersing centre, in addition to highlighting the uniqueness of the Woodlark faunal community.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 98
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    Oceanic basin connections (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: The Indian Ocean is an important conduit for the exchange of physical and biogeochemical properties through many distinct interbasin oceanic connections. The Indonesian archipelago provides a gappy pathway for warm tropical waters to enter the Indian Ocean from the Pacific. South of Australia, a complex circulation transports cooler subtropical waters from the Pacific while Indian Ocean waters from within the Leeuwin Current feed a series of currents along the southern Australian continental margin. Southern Ocean waters source both the deep and shallow overturning circulations into the Indian Ocean. The westward leakage of eddies spawned from the Agulhas Current off South Africa returns warm and salty Indian Ocean waters into the Atlantic and plays a significant role in the upper branch of the global meridional overturning circulation. This chapter discusses these pathways and highlights how they change with time and influence the circulation and properties of the Indian and global oceans.
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: slideshow
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  • 99
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    Regional Variation in Extratropical North Atlantic Air‐Sea Interaction 1960–2020 (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Air-sea interaction in late boreal winter is studied over the extratropical North Atlantic (NA) during 1960–2020 by examining the relationship between sea-surface temperature (SST) and total turbulent heat flux (THF). The two quantities are positively correlated on interannual timescales over the central-midlatitude and subpolar NA, suggesting the atmosphere on average drives SST and THF variability is independent of SST. On decadal timescales and over the central-midlatitude NA the correlation is negative, suggesting ocean processes on average drive SST and THF variability is sensitive to SST. The correlation is positive over the subpolar NA. There, interannual and decadal THF variability is governed by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). During the major late 20th and early 21st century SST increase in the subpolar NA diminishing oceanic heat loss associated with a weakening NAO was observed. This study suggests that the atmosphere is more sensitive to SST over the central-midlatitude than subpolar NA. Key Points: - Regional variation in the nature of air-sea interaction over the extratropical North Atlantic (NA) north of 35°N - Timescale dependence in relationship between sea-surface temperature (SST) and turbulent heat flux over the central-midlatitude NA - The atmosphere is more sensitive to SST variability over the central-midlatitude than subpolar NA
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 100
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    Physical Drivers of Seasonal Variability in the tropical Angolan Upwelling System (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: The eastern boundary regions of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans host highly productive ecosystems. These upwelling systems play a key role in supporting marine biodiversity, local and global fisheries, and biogeochemical cycles. Consequently, it is of high interest to understand the processes driving these systems. This thesis focuses on one of these highly productive ecosystems - the tropical Angolan upwelling system (tAUS). Conditions in the tAUS undergo strong seasonal modulations, where many characteristics exhibit variability on semi-annual and annual time scales. The lowest sea surface temperature (SST), highest primary productivity, and lowest along-shore wind are found in austral winter during the main upwelling season. Interestingly, and in contrast to other upwelling systems, the productivity signal cannot be explained by local wind-driven upwelling. Possible forcing mechanisms of the productivity signal are connected to equatorial dynamics via the propagation of coastal trapped waves (CTWs). The tAUS is thus an ecosystem influenced by both remote and local processes. This thesis focuses on understanding the physical drivers of the seasonal and interannual variability in the tAUS, particularly in SST and primary productivity. The analyses conducted within this thesis are mostly based on observational datasets. Additionally, the results are compared with output of a regional ocean model. The observational data includes shipboard measurements as well as satellite products. The shipboard measurements comprise an extensive ocean turbulence dataset. This dataset provides, for the first time, insights into turbulent heat and nitrate fluxes in the tAUS. In the tAUS, waters are colder directly at the coast than further offshore. Both SST and the crossshore SST gradient exhibit a seasonal cycle. A seasonal mixed layer heat budget is calculated to identify atmospheric and oceanic causes for heat content variability. The results show that the seasonal cycle in SST is mainly controlled by surface heat fluxes and turbulent heat loss at the base of the mixed layer. The net surface heat flux warms the coastal ocean more strongly than the offshore region and thus acts to dampen cross-shore SST differences. Ocean turbulence data shows that turbulent mixing across the base of the mixed layer is an important cooling term. This turbulent cooling, being strongest in the shallow shelf regions, explains the observed negative cross-shore temperature gradient. The seasonal cycle of the cross-shore SST gradient exhibits semi-annual variability, likely linked to tidal mixing acting on changing background stratification associated with the passage of CTWs. The primary productivity in the tAUS peaks in late austral winter. Analyses of observational data and the output of a regional ocean model reveal that the seasonal productivity maximum is due to the combined effect of CTWs and elevated tidal mixing on the shelf. During austral winter, the passage of an upwelling CTW displaces the nitracline upward by more than 50 m. Thereby, nitrate-rich waters spread onto the shelf, where elevated vertical mixing causes a nitrate flux into the surface mixed layer. High-mode CTWs play an important role in the upward and onshore transport of nitrate-rich waters. The interannual variability of the productivity maximum in the tAUS is strongly correlated with the amplitude of the upwelling CTW. Consequently, it is of high interest to investigate dynamical factors controlling the characteristics of the CTW as their strength controls the amount of primary production in the tAUS. Regression analyses suggest that the timing and amplitude of the austral winter upwelling CTW in tAUS are influenced by variability in different regions. The timing of the CTW is mostly influenced by variability in the equatorial region and along the southern African coast. Here. weaker equatorial easterlies from April to July lead to a late arrival of the upwelling CTW. The amplitude of the CTW is influenced by variability in the eastern equatorial Atlantic and in the central South Atlantic, a region characterizing the strength of the South Atlantic anticyclone. A cooling in the eastern equatorial Atlantic four to three months before the arrival of the CTW causes stronger zonal winds, leading to a stronger austral winter upwelling CTW. In general, the results suggest that the timing and amplitude of the upwelling CTW in the tAUS during austral winter are predictable on seasonal time scales. Overall, this thesis enhances our understanding of the seasonal to interannaul dynamics in the tAUS. The results of this thesis show that CTWs, near-coastal mixing, and surface heat fluxes are essential processes to explain the seasonal variability of SST and productivity in the tAUS. A key result is the proposed mechanism explaining the austral winter productivity peak, based on the combined effect of CTWs and near-coastal mixing. This result not only advances process understanding in the tAUS but also suggests a potential predictability of productivity in the region.
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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