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  • 1
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    New insights into Late Pleistocene explosive volcanic activity and caldera formation on Ischia (southern Italy) (2008)
    Springer-Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: A new pyroclastic stratigraphy is presented for the island of Ischia, Italy, for the period ∼75–50 ka BP. The data indicate that this period bore witness to the largest eruptions recorded on the island and that it was considerably more volcanically active than previously thought. Numerous vents were probably active during this period. The deposits of at least 10 explosive phonolite to basaltictrachyandesite eruptions are described and interpreted. They record a diverse range of explosive volcanic activity including voluminous fountain-fed ignimbrite eruptions, fallout from sustained eruption columns, block-and-ash flows, and phreatomagmatic eruptions. Previously unknown eruptions have been recognised for the first time on the island. Several of the eruptions produced pyroclastic density currents that covered the whole island as well as the neighbouring island of Procida and parts of the mainland. The morphology of Ischia was significantly different to that seen today, with edifices to the south and west and a submerged depression in the centre. The largest volcanic event, the Monte Epomeo Green Tuff (MEGT) resulted in caldera collapse across all or part of the island. It is shown to comprise at least two thick intracaldera ignimbrite flowunits, separated by volcaniclastic sediments that were deposited during a pause in the eruption. Extracaldera deposits of the MEGT include a pumice fall deposit emplaced during the opening phases of the eruption, a widespread lithic lag breccia outcropping across much of Ischia and Procida, and a distal ignimbrite in south-west Campi Flegrei. During this period the style and magnitude of volcanism was dictated by the dynamics of a large differentiated magma chamber, which was partially destroyed during the MEGT eruption. This contrasts with the small-volume Holocene and historical effusive and explosive activity on Ischia, the timing and distribution of which has been controlled by the resurgence of the Monte Epomeo block. The new data contribute to a clearer understanding of the long-term volcanic and magmatic evolution of Ischia.
    Description: Published
    Description: 583-603
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Pyroclastic stratigraphy ; Explosive volcanism ; Caldera collapse ; Ischia ; Late Pleistocene ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar (2019)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 64 no. 3, pp. 195-213
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: A taxonomic revision of the genus Scleria (Cyperoideae, Cyperaceae) in Madagascar is presented. Herbarium specimens have been examined and 422 identified to species level. Our results recognise 25 species of Scleria from Madagascar, plus an additional heterotypic variety. Eight species are endemic to Madagascar, two are near endemic, eight taxa are also found on mainland Africa, and eight are widespread tropical taxa. Scleria achtenii is reported from Madagascar for the first time, and S. rosea is accepted at species level instead of being considered as a synonym of S. trialata. Distribution maps, conservation assessments, and notes on synonymy, ecology and ethnobotany are provided. Fourty-seven names are typified. Three rare endemic species: S. andringitrensis, S. madagascariensis and S. perpusilla, are assessed as threatened; and a recently described species, S. ankaratrensis, is indicated as Data Deficient. The most species-rich infrageneric taxa, sections Hypoporum, Abortivae and Foveolidia include 18 taxa in total, and showed strong differences in habitat preference.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; conservation ; Cyperaceae ; endemic species ; identification key ; Madagascar ; revision ; Scleria
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Living benthic foraminifera of the western and southern Arabian Sea (2006)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Heinz, Petra; Hemleben, Christoph (2006): Foraminiferal response to the Northeast Monsoon in the western and southern Arabian Sea. Marine Micropaleontology, 58(2), 103-113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2005.10.001
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: Sediments from the western and southern part of the Arabian Sea were collected periodically in the spring intermonsoon between March and May 1997 and additionally at the end of the Northeast Monsoon in February 1998. Assemblages of Rose Bengal stained, living deep-sea benthic foraminifera, their densities, vertical distribution pattern, and diversity were analysed after the Northeast Monsoon and short-time changes were recorded. In the western Arabian Sea, foraminiferal numbers increased steadily between March and the beginning of May, especially in the smaller size classes (30-63 µm, 63-125 µm). At the same time, the deepening of the foraminiferal living horizon, variable diversity and rapid variations between dominant foraminiferal communities were observed. We interpret these observations as the time-dependent response of benthic foraminifera to enhanced organic carbon fluxes during and after the Northeast Monsoon. In the southern Arabian Sea, constant low foraminiferal abundances during time, no distinctive change in the vertical distribution, reduced diversity, and more stable foraminiferal communities were noticed, which indicates no or little influence of the Northeast Monsoon to benthic foraminifera in this region.
    Keywords: 19#4; 2#2; 23/25; 24/03; 32; 4#2; 7/30; 7#4; Arabian Sea; BIGSET; BIGSET-1; BIGSET-2/JGOFS-IN-4; Biogeochemical Fluxes of Matter and Energy in the Deep Sea; JGOFS-IN-1; JGOFS-IN-2; MUC; MultiCorer; SO117; SO117_MC464; SO117_MC468; SO117_MC469; SO118; SO118_MC-02; SO118_MC-04; SO119; SO119_MC501; SO129; SO129_MC-03; SO129_MC-09; SO129_MC-14; Sonne; Southern Arabian Sediment Trap; Western Arabian Sediment Trap; Western Arabian Sediment Trap-Kuppe; Western Arabian Sediment Trap Plain; Western Arabian Sediment Trap Top
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 52 datasets
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  • 4
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    Organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst analysis of sediment core GeoB8331-4 and from surface sediment samples off western South Africa (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Zhao, Xueqin; Dupont, Lydie M; Schefuß, Enno; Bouimetarhan, Ilham; Wefer, Gerold (2017): Palynological evidence for Holocene climatic and oceanographic changes off western South Africa. Quaternary Science Reviews, 165, 88-101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.04.022
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: Atmospheric and oceanographic interactions between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans influence upwelling in the southern Benguela upwelling system. In order to obtain a better knowledge of paleoceanographic and paleoenvironmental changes in the southern Benguela region during the Holocene, 12 marine surface sediment samples and one gravity core GeoB8331-4 from the Namaqualand mudbelt off the west coast of South Africa have been studied for organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in high temporal resolution. The results are compared with pollen and geochemical records from the same samples. Our study emphasizes significantly distinct histories in upwelling intensity as well as the influence of fluvial input during the Holocene. Three main phases were identified for the Holocene. High percentages of cysts produced by autotrophic taxa like Operculodinium centrocarpum and Spiniferites spp. indicate warmer and stratified conditions during the early Holocene (9900-8400 cal. yr BP), suggesting reduced upwelling likely due to a northward shift of the southern westerlies. In contrast, the middle Holocene (8400-3100 cal. yr BP) is characterized by a strong increase in heterotrophic taxa in particular Lejeunecysta paratenella and Echinidinium spp. at the expense of autotrophic taxa. This indicates cool and nutrient-rich waters with active upwelling probably caused by a southward shift of the southern westerlies. During the late Holocene (3100 cal. yr BP to modern), Brigantedinium spp. and other abundant taxa interpreted to indicate fluvial nutrient input such as cyst of Protoperidinium americanum and Lejeunecysta oliva imply strong river discharge with high nutrient supply between 3100 and 640 cal. yr BP.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; MARUM; RAiN; Regional Archives for Integrated iNvestigations
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 5
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    231Pa/230Th measurements and related isotope series and SiO2 of five sediment cores from the Southwest Pacific (2018)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: Downcore measurements of SiO2 and 231Pa/230Th on sediment cores from the New Zaland Margin and the East Pacific Rise. The sediment cores were collected during expedtions PS75 (2010) and SO213 (2011). Our downcore records cover the last ~35 ka. SiO2 measurements were conducted to analyze a potential impact on opal on our 231Pa/230Th ratios, that in turn were used to reconstruct past changes in South Pacific Overtruning Circulation. Opal measurements followed the method of Müller and Schneider 1993. The concentrations of sedimentary 231Pa, 238U, 230Th, and 232Th were jointly measured by isotope dilution in a co-operation between AWI and Heidelberg University with contributions from the GEOMAR Kiel and using mass spectrometers at the AWI (Element 2), Heidelberg (Element 2, Neptune, iCap) and Kiel (Neptune).
    Keywords: AWI_MarGeoChem; AWI_Paleo; Marine Geochemistry @ AWI; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI; Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas; SPP1158
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 10 datasets
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  • 6
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    PCB congener data of gas-phase, dissolved water, air-water fluxes in southern Lake Michigan, 2010 (2019)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Boesen, Aaron C; Martinez, Andres; Hornbuckle, Keri C (2019): Air-water PCB fluxes from southwestern Lake Michigan revisited. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05159-1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: Airborne and dissolved water PCB congener specific concentrations from southern Lake Michigan 2010. The data were used to estimated instantaneous air-water PCB fluxes.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 9 datasets
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  • 7
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    Late Holocene alkenone-derived sea-surface temperature data and grain size end-member model of sediment core GeoB8323-2 from the Benguela Upwelling System (2019)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: Southwest Africa is an important region for paleo-climatic studies, being influenced by both tropical and temperate climate systems and thus reflecting the interplay of variable controls. The aim of this study was to unravel the interaction of sea-surface temperature (SST) changes in the southernmost Benguela upwelling system with precipitation changes in South Africa's winter rainfall zone (WRZ) during the late Holocene. Therefore, a marine sediment core from the southernmost Benguela upwelling system was investigated to reconstruct climate changes in this region for the past ~2000 years. Grain size and geochemical analyses were conducted to reconstruct changes in fluvial sediment discharge and weathering intensity, while SST changes were estimated using alkenone paleo-thermometry. Results show that the southernmost Benguela behaves distinctly in comparison with the rest of the Benguela system reflecting amplified SST changes. Decreasing SSTs accompanied increasing river discharge during times of increased precipitation in the WRZ, reflecting northerly shifted westerly winds during austral winter. We infer a control of past SST changes by processes not analogous to modern processes driving seasonal SST changes by changes through upwelling intensity. The findings suggest that late-Holocene SST changes in the southernmost Benguela upwelling system and the precipitation in the WRZ were both driven by latitudinal shifts of the austral westerly wind belt and associated changes in advection of cold sub-Antarctic waters and/or changes in Agulhas leakage of warm Indian Ocean waters.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Late Holocene; MARUM; RAiN; Regional Archives for Integrated iNvestigations; river runoff; sea-surface temperature; South Africa; winter rainfall zone
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    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 8
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    Apsorption units at wavenumbers and mineral content of several samples (2018)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Hahn, Annette; Vogel, Hendrik; Andó, Sergio; Garzanti, Eduardo; Kuhn, Gerhard; Lantzsch, Hendrik; Schüürman, Jan; Vogt, Christoph; Zabel, Matthias (2018): Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to determine mineral phases in sediments. Sedimentary Geology, 375, 27-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2018.03.010
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: In paleoenvironmental studies, the mineralogical composition of sediments is an important indicator. In combination with other indicators, they contribute to the understanding of changes in sediment sourcing as well as in weathering and depositional processes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) spectra contain information on mineralogical composition because each mineral has a unique absorption pattern in the mid-IR range. Although easily obtained, FTIR spectra are often too complex to infer mineral concentrations directly. In this study, we use a calibration set of ca. 200 sediment samples conventionally measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD) in order to develop multivariate, partial least squares (PLS) regression models relating mineral contents to sediment spectra. Good correlations were obtained for the most common minerals (e.g. quartz, K-feldspar, illite, plagioclase, smectite, calcite). Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.85 to 0.92, coefficients for the validation varied from 0.64 to 0.80, the number of latent variables (PLS regression components) in the models ranged between 3 and 7 and the range of variation of the RMSEcv gradient was from 15.28 to 5.7.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program / International Ocean Discovery Program; IODP; MARUM; RAiN; Regional Archives for Integrated iNvestigations
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    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 9
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    Radiocarbon dates, porewater hydrochemistry, calcareous microfossils and pollen data from a lake sediment core (PG1967) from Herschel Island (Yukon, Canada) (2018)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Fritz, Michael; Unkel, Ingmar; Lenz, Josefine; Gajewski, Konrad; Frenzel, Peter; Paquette, Nathalie; Lantuit, Hugues; Körte, Lisa; Wetterich, Sebastian (2018): Regional environmental change versus local signal preservation in Holocene thermokarst lake sediments: A case study from Herschel Island, Yukon (Canada). Journal of Paleolimnology, 60(1), 77-96, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-018-0025-0
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: Thermokarst lakes cover nearly one fourth of ice-rich permafrost lowlands in the Arctic. Sediments from an athalassic subsaline thermokarst lake on Herschel Island (69°36'N; 139°04'W, Canadian Arctic) were used to understand regional changes in climate and in sediment transport, hydrology, nutrient availability and permafrost disturbance. The sediment record spans the last ~11,700 years and the basal date is in good agreement with the Holocene onset of thermokarst initiation in the region. Electrical conductivity in pore water continuously decreases, thus indicating desalinization and continuous increase of lake size and water level. The inc/coh ratio of XRF scans provides a high-resolution organic-carbon proxy which correlates with TOC measurements. XRF-derived Mn/Fe ratios indicate aerobic versus anaerobic conditions which moderate the preservation potential of organic matter in lake sediments. The coexistence of marine, brackish and freshwater ostracods and foraminifera is explained by (1) oligohaline to mesohaline water chemistry of the past lake and (2) redeposition of Pleistocene specimens found within upthrusted marine sediments around the lake. Episodes of catchment disturbance are identified when calcareous fossils and allochthonous material were transported into the lake by thermokarst processes such as active-layer detachments, slumping and erosion of ice-rich shores. The pollen record does not show major variations and the pollen-based climate record does not match well with other summer air temperature reconstructions from this region. Local vegetation patterns in small catchments are strongly linked to morphology and sub-surface permafrost conditions rather than to climate. Multidisciplinary studies can identify the onset and life cycle of thermokarst lakes as they play a crucial role in Arctic freshwater ecosystems and in the global carbon cycle of the past, present and future.
    Keywords: AWI Arctic Land Expedition; CA-Land_2009_YukonLakes; PCUWI; PG1967; Piston corer, UWITEC; Yukon_Lakes_2009
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 10
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    Holocene investigations of sediments from Eilandvlei (2018)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Wündsch, Michael; Haberzettl, Torsten; Cawthra, Hayley C; Kirsten, Kelly L; Quick, Lynne J; Zabel, Matthias; Frenzel, Peter; Hahn, Annette; Baade, Jussi; Daut, Gerhard; Kasper, Thomas; Meadows, Michael E; Mäusbacher, Roland (2018): Holocene environmental change along the southern Cape coast of South Africa - Insights from the Eilandvlei sediment record spanning the last 8.9 kyr. Global and Planetary Change, 163, 51-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.02.002
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: This study investigates Holocene sediments from Eilandvlei, a coastal lake located within the Wilderness embayment at the southern Cape coast of South Africa. The evolution of the present estuarine/coastal lake system is reconstructed based on seismic data as well as a multi-proxy approach on a 30.5 m sediment core spanning the last ~8.9 kyr. Geochemical (Ca, TOC/S, Br/TOC) and micropalaeontological data (diatoms, foraminifera) reflect changes in the degree of marine influence at the core site. The embayment likely developed via distinct phases of connectivity to the Indian Ocean caused by sea level changes and dune progradation. Marine conditions prevailed at the core site from ~8900 to 4700 cal BP. The rapid sea level rise during the early Holocene caused the inundation of a palaeovalley that most likely had formed at lower sea levels during the Pleistocene. Towards the mid-Holocene the sea level exceeded its present height around ~7500 cal BP creating a marine embayment. At ~4700 cal BP, the embayment became distinctly more disconnected from the ocean turning into a lagoon system that persisted until ~1200 cal BP. Subsequently, the marine influence further decreased and the present estuarine/coastal lake system was established. Grain size and geochemical data (Fe, Si/Al, chemical index of alteration (CIA)) further reflect changes in the deposition of terrigenous sediments at the core site. While the sedimentation of fine-grained (〈16 µm), iron-rich and highly weathered material is linked to periods of increased river discharge and rainfall, high amounts of deposited quartz (31-250 µm, high Si/Al) point to relatively dry and/or windy conditions during which increased aeolian transport of dune sands occurred. The proxies indicate reduced river discharge and hence possibly drier climatic conditions than today from ~8900 to 7900 cal BP and ~6400 to 3000 cal BP. In contrast, the periods between ~7900-6400 cal BP and ~3000 cal BP-present were likely characterized by high river discharge and thus, generally more rainfall. The reconstructed palaeoclimatic variations are discussed within the context of e.g., shifts in the position of the Antarctic sea ice extent and the mid-latitude westerly wind belt as well as changes in the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
    Keywords: RAiN; Regional Archives for Integrated iNvestigations
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 8 datasets
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