ALBERT

Description: Annual-resolved sulfur and non-sea-salt sulfur concentrations and inferred volcanic sulfate depoistion rates from the six ice cores NEEM-2011-S1 (Sigl et al., 2013), NGRIP1 (Plummer et al., 2012), NGRIP2 (McConnell et al., 2018), TUNU2013 (Sigl et al., 2015) and B19 between 699 and 1001 CE and annual-resolved non-sea-salt sulfur concentrations from a four ice-core stack (NEEM-2011-S1, NGRIP1, TUNU2013, B19) between 1731 and 1996 CE including volcanic samples and with volcanic samples replaced by a 11-year running median. Volcanic event detection is based a 91-year running median (RM) was used on the annually averaged nssS records on periods unaffected by strong changes in volcanic background emissions to estimate the natural background sulfate levels; a Median of Absolute Deviation (MAD), calculated from the RM, was used for volcanic peak detection over the background period. Between 700 and 1000 CE sulfur peaks were considered volcanic if they passed an upper threshold (K=3, estimated as RM plus 3* MAD). The duration of the event was determined when it passed the lower threshold (K=1, estimated as the RM plus 1 * MAD). These upper and lower thresholds were selected by validation on well-known historic eruptions; volcanic peaks were then removed to calculate the non-volcanic background (S RRMi). To further calculate the amount of sulfate deposited, S RRMi was subtracted from the average annual nss-S and then multiplied by the accumulation rate of the drill site; finally, volcanic flux was calculated for each event by summing the sulfate deposited across the total duration of the event. All ice cores are presented on the NS1-2011 chronology (Sigl et al., 2015) except for NGRIP2 which was on the NGRIP2-DRI chronology (McConnell et al., 2018).

Description: Data presented here were collected between January 2020 to December 2020 within the research unit DynaCom (Spatial community ecology in highly dynamic landscapes: From island biogeography to metaecosystems, https://uol.de/dynacom/ ) of the Universities of Oldenburg, Göttingen, and Münster, the iDiv Leipzig and the Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer. Experimental islands and saltmarsh enclosed plots were created in the back barrier tidal flat and in the saltmarsh zone of the island of Spiekeroog. Temperature in the sediment surface layer (in approximately 0.05m depth) was measured with DEFI-T miniature temperature recorders (JFE Advantech Co., Ltd., Tokyo; DEFI-T). The manufacturer pre-calibrated temperature recorders and were installed on the experimental islands and in salt-marsh enclosed plots at different elevation levels. Recorded data were internally logged until the readout with the DEFI Series software (V1.02). The position was derived from a portable DGPS-system. Date and Time is given in UTC. Data handling was performed according to Zielinski et al. (2018): Post-processing of collected data was done using MATLAB (R2018a). Quality control was performed by (a) erasing data covering maintenance activities, (b) removing outliers, defined as data exhibiting changes of more than two standard deviations within one time step, and (c) visually checks.

Description: Here are the bundled geochemical data of an 11-m-long sediment core EN21103 collected from Lake Ulu (63.34°N, 141.05°E) in the Oymyakon region (eastern Siberia) during the 'Yakutia 2021' expedition, which consists of five datasets. (1) Dataset 1. Radiocarbon dating performed on the total organic carbon content of 40 bulk sediments, measured at the MICADAS (Mini Carbon Dating System) Laboratory of AWI in Bremerhaven. (2) Dataset 2. Bacon age-depth model. This model was established based on the Bayesian method with a hiatus at 138 cm and calibrated using the IntCal20 dataset via the Bacon function in the R-package rbacon. A reservoir effect of approximately 351 ± 24 radiocarbon years has been determined by the dated surface sample (0−0.5 cm). We assumed a constant reservoir effect over time and therefore subtracted a value of 351 years from all radiocarbon ages. (3) Dataset 3. Element composition including total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), and total nitrogen (TN), measured with a soli TOC cube (Elementar) and a rapid MAX N exceed (Elementar) at the Carbon and Nitrogen Laboratory of AWI in Potsdam. The minimum detectable concentration for natural sediment samples is 0.1% for both machines. (4) Dataset 4. Stable carbon isotopes of organic matter (d13C), measured with a Delta V Advantage Mass Spectrometer at the ISOLAB Facility of AWI in Potsdam. All isotopic values are reported in standard δ-notation in per mil (‰) relative to VPDB. (5) Dataset 5. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scanning data, scanned with an AvaaTech XRF core scanner at AWI in Potsdam. All elements were measured at X-ray voltages of 10 kV and 30 kV and currents of 0.45 mA and 0.15 mA, respectively, with a step size of 0.5 cm and an exposure time of 10 s. The data are semiquantitative and provide relative fluctuations in the chemical element compositions as counts per second (cps).

Description: The bulk of multibeam bathymetric data were acquired during RV Maria S. Merian cruises MSM11/2 (Bickert et al., 2009), MSM82/2 (Krastel et al., 2019a) and MSM87 (Krastel et al., 2019b) with hull-mounted Kongsberg Simrad systems EM120 (MSM11/2) and EM122 (MSM82/2 and MSM87). The nominal sonar frequency is 12 kHz. The angular coverage is up to 150°, and each angular beam accuracy was 2° by 2°. Kongsberg Seapath system provides the combined motion, position and time data, which are transmitted to the Processing Unit (PU) of the multibeam echosounder to achieve real-time motion compensation in pitch, roll and yaw. All raw data were processed with MB-System software (Caress and Chayes, 2017: https://www.mbari.org/products/research-software/mb-system/). Sound velocities were measured with a Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) probe during MSM 82/2 and an expendable sound velocimeter during MSM87. The multibeam data in cruise MSM82/2 were collected from the 11th to 13th of May in 2019 in the headwall area of the Sahara Slide Complex. Only two sound velocities were measured on the 11th and 12th of May, and we applied the measured sound velocities to data from these two days. In the mean time, the measured sound velocity on 12th of May was also applied to data collected on 13th of May. For MSM11/2, sound velocities were adjusted using the mbvelocity tool implemented in the MB-System software. The multibeam bathymetric data were gridded by using the splines with tension algorithm to a final grid with 150 m cell spacing in lateral direction. Echosounder data were acquired during several cruises with RV Maria S. Merian (MSM11/2, MSM82/2, MSM87). The high-resolution parametric ATLAS Parasound System DS3 (Atlas Hydrographic®) is a hull-mounted parametric echo sounder; the secondary low frequency (SLF) was set to 4 kHz through our cruises. The opening angle of the system is 4.5°. The system allows imaging of the uppermost 50-100 m of sediment at a sub-meter vertical resolution. The echogram sections were filtered with a wide band pass filter to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The data were analyzed and interpreted in IHS Kingdom®. Gravity cores were acquired with a 5 m-long standard gravity corer during RV Maria S. Merian Cruise MSM82/2 (cores MSM82/2-34, MSM82/2-35 and MSM82/2-36). They were studied by color analysis, photography and sedimentological description. Accelerated Mass Spectrometry 14C-age dating of the planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber (Bonfardeci et al., 2018) was performed at the Leibniz Laboratory for Radiometric Dating and Stable Isotope Research at Kiel University. The Calib 704 and the Marine 13 calibration curve were applied to calibrate 14C age to calendar years (Reimer et al., 2013); the reservoir age was set to ±500 years (Mangerud and Gulliksen, 1975).

Description: Geochemistry data of a high-resolution peat core from the Past Global Changes - Carbon in Peat on EArth through Time (PAGES_C-PEAT) Project.

Description: Geochemistry data of a high-resolution peat core from the Past Global Changes - Carbon in Peat on EArth through Time (PAGES_C-PEAT) Project.

Description: Collection data and Genbank numbers (COI and 28S (C1-C2)) for New Zealand specimens of Lamellomorpha and Poecillastra studied by Kelly et al.

Description: The data presented is a unique ten+ year data record obtained from in-situ measurements in steep bedrock permafrost in an Alpine environment on the Matterhorn Hörnligrat, Zermatt, Switzerland at 3500 m a.s.l. during the time period 2008-2019 by the PermaSense project. This data set constitutes the longest, densest and most diverse data record in the history of mountain permafrost research worldwide with 17 different sensor types used at 29 distinct sensor locations consisting of over 114.5 million data points captured over the past decade. By documenting and sharing this data in this form we contribute to making our past research reproducible and facilitate future research based on this data e.g. in the area of analysis methodology, comparative studies, assessment of change in the environment, natural hazard warning and the development of process models. This data set provides primary data products as well as derived data products: GNSS raw data: GNSS observables in the form of daily RINEX 2.11 files GNSS derived data products: Daily positions computed using double-differencing GNSS processing Timelapse images: High-resolution visible light images Timeseries data raw: Per-year and location files or raw sampled data: Weather station, ground temperature, ground resistivity, fracture displacement and inclinometer data Timeseries derived data products: Cleaned and aggregated hourly values of the above Timeseries sanity plots: Standardized plots to obtain a visual overview and check data All data contained in this data set including updates to newer data can also be retrieved using the toolset available at https://gitlab.ethz.ch/tec/public/permasense/permasense_datamgr from the online PermaSense data repository at http://data.permasense.ch. The version/tag used for the 2020 edition of the Matterhorn data is https://gitlab.ethz.ch/tec/public/permasense/permasense_datamgr/tree/matterhorn_data_2020.

Description: Geochemistry data of a high-resolution peat core from the Past Global Changes - Carbon in Peat on EArth through Time (PAGES_C-PEAT) Project.

Description: Geochemistry data of a high-resolution peat core from the Past Global Changes - Carbon in Peat on EArth through Time (PAGES_C-PEAT) Project.