ALBERT

Description: Compared with their New World relatives of the subfamily Cyprinodontinae, the Old World Cyprinodonts are but little known. However, some interesting accounts on Turkish species, discovered by Kosswig, S\xc3\xb6zer and Aksiray, have recently been published. Besides the species known, several new forms and species are described.\nWhile compiling an account on these fishes suitable for the home aquarium (Hoedeman & Bronner, 1950\xe2\x80\x941951), we felt some characters need reexamination, not only of Aphanius, but also of the North African genus Tellia which is said to differ from Aphanius only in the absence of ventral fins.

Description: Material: Indochina, Tonkin, Manson Mts. 2\xe2\x80\x943000\xe2\x80\x99. April\xe2\x80\x94May. (Coll. H. FRUHSTORFER), 2 \xe2\x99\x82 \xe2\x99\x82, 1 \xe2\x99\x80.\nColour: probably somewhat faded. Head yellowish, with frons and vertex rather dark brown. Antennae yellowish, the distal part of the 6th, and the 7th joint brownish. Somites with a broad median yellowish band from collum to tail and yellowish lateral keels, the rest castaneous, slightly paler at the ventral side. Sternites and legs yellowish.

Description: Le processus pr\xc3\xa9oral est court. L\xe2\x80\x99\xc5\x93il migrateur d\xc3\xa9passe le bord ant\xc3\xa9rieur de l\xe2\x80\x99\xc5\x93il fixe de plus de la moiti\xc3\xa9 de son propre diam\xc3\xa8tre. La narine exhalante z\xc3\xa9nithale est pr\xc3\xa9sente. La l\xc3\xa8vre mandibulare z\xc3\xa9nithale est hypertrophi\xc3\xa9e en un petit nombre de larges processus nullement cili\xc3\xa9s. Ko\xce\xbc\xcf\x88\xc3\xb2s, \xc3\xa9l\xc3\xa9gant; \xce\xbc\xce\xb5wia\xce\xbca, sourire.

Description: Corophium arenarium was first described by CRAWFORD in his excellent review of the entire genus, in 1937. In the description, the author expressed his doubt already whether it might be a distinct species or merely a variety of C. volutator. CRAWFORD\xe2\x80\x99S observations on the variation of the number of spines on antenna II, segment 4 and 5, suggest that it is only a variety.\nCHEVAIS, 1937, does not give a definite opinion, whether he considers the species distinct from each other or not. For biometrical reasons, as well for reasons of variation observed by other authors, he suggests, however, that C. volutator and C. arenarium are only local races of one species.

Description: One of the specimens dealt with in the present paper has been described in previous papers, in which it appeared under three different names, all of which for different reasons eventually proved to be erroneous. The present identification as Sacculina cordata Shiino at last seems to be definite. The second specimen, as the first from the material collected by the Siboga Expedition, belongs to the species Sacculina papposa V. K. & B., of which up till now the type specimen only was known; the parasite dealt with here is interesting because the excrescences of its external cuticle are of a structure slightly different from that of the corresponding parts in the type; moreover, in this specimen retinacula were found, yielding an additional character for the definition of the species. The remainder of the material dealt with here proved to belong to a new species, characterized in the first place by the peculiar excrescences of the external cuticle.

Description: Voorjaar 1949 ontving ik een kleine collectie levende vissen uit Suriname (Nederlands Guiana), door een zeeman verzameld in een poel nabij Paramaribo. Helaas is de juiste vindplaats niet nader aangegeven, dan enige kilometers ten zuiden van de hoofdstad.\nOnmiddellijk na ontvangst werden de vissen, die hier het onderwerp van bespreking zijn, in een groot gezelschapsaquarium (150 X 60 X 50 cm. hoog) ondergebracht, dat reeds werd bevolkt door verscheidene Nannostomini, Hasemania marginata, Rivulus cylindraceus, Acanthophthalmus kuhli, Dermogenus pusillus en Nannacara anomala en N. taenia.

Description: Scientific research concerning growth inhibitors, which has been pursued for several decades already, dealt mainly with the effect of these substances on the germination process. WIESNER (1894) demonstrated the presence of a growth inhibitor in the slime of the mistletoe (Viscum album) which prevented the germination of a great variety of seeds. OPPENHEIMER (1922) supplemented the analysis by placing seeds on the pulp of ripe tomatoes and he observed a strong inhibitive effect as a result of this treatment. In addition, however, he found that the inhibiting substance is thermolabile and insoluble in ether or alcohol. REINHARD (1933) corroborated Oppenheimer\xe2\x80\x99s results for the most part. According to this author, however, the inhibiting agent in tomato juice is thermostabile, and it is not destroyed by boiling, neiher by neutralisation or by diluting the juice 50 times. In other fleshy fruits such as apples, pears and quinces K\xc3\x96CKEMANN (1934) detected inhibiting substances capable of preventing the germination of Lepidium seeds. These substances were reported to be sensitive to peroxide and to alkali, thermostabile and soluble in water and in ether, but insoluble in petroleum ether. On the other hand, the inhibiting agent extracted by LEHMANN (1937) from the exocarp if buckwheat is thermolabile. In Helianthus annuus and Avena sativa, finally, RUGE (1939) demonstrated the presence of an inhibitor that reduces the speed of germination to a considerable extent. FR\xc3\x96SCHEL\xe2\x80\x99S investigations on Trifolium and Beta will be dealt with in 4.\nThis survey is not quite exhaustive, but clearly demonstrates that the inhibiting agent should not be regarded as a definite, well-defined chemical substance which is always the same in every individual case, but as a group of substances with analogous activities but most probably with widely divergent physical and chemical properties. Following K\xc3\x96CKEMANN (1934) we can classify the inhibiting substances into two groups, as follows : 1. inhibiting substances in the testa or in the seed, and 2. inhibiting substances in the mesocarp of pulpy fruits.

Description: Quant aux naturalistes qui reconnaissent que les vari\xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9s sont restreintes dans certaines limites fix\xc3\xa9es par la nature, il faut, pour leur r\xc3\xa9pondre, examiner jusqu\'o\xc3\xb9 s\'\xc3\xa9tendent ces limites, recherche curieuse, fort int\xc3\xa9ressante...\nCUVIER, G., Discours sur les r\xc3\xa9volutions de la surface du globe, 3rd ed., Paris, 1825, p. 118.\n\nCONTENTS\nIntroduction................... 4\nOn the variation of Hippopotamus amphibius L.......... 6\nThe fossil Hippopotamidae of Asia............ 30\nHippopotamus iravaticus Falconer et Cautley......... 34\nHippopotamus sivalensis Falconer et Cautley......... 36\nHippopotamus sivalensis sivalensis Falconer et Cautley ...... 40\nHippopotamus sivalensis namadicus Falconer et Cautley...... 49\nHippopotamus sivalensis palaeindicus Falconer et Cautley..... 51\nHippopotamus sivalensis duboisi nov. subsp.......... 54\nHippopotamus sivalensis cf. palaeindicus Falconer et Cautley .... 56\nHippopotamus sivalensis sinhaleyus Deraniyagala........ 56\nHippopotamus sivalensis sivajavanicus (Dubois)........ 57\nHippopotamus sivalensis koenigswaldi Hooijer........ 65\nHippopotamus sivalensis soloensis nov. subsp.......... 75\nHippopotamus sivalensis Falconer et Cautley subsp........ 86\nPostcranial remains of Hippopotamus from the Pleistocene of Java ... 87\nIncertae sedis................. 108\nSubspeciation in Hippopotamus sivalensis Falconer et Cautley . . . . 109

Description: The increased importance which the European red mite (Paratetranychus pilosus (Can. et Fanz.)) (= Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch)) has assumed in recent years has led to an intensive study of its biology and natural history.\nIn the course of these investigations many workers, and in particular those in Nova Scotia (vide Lord, 1949), have become convinced that this pest can be controlled, on apple trees at least, by natural means and that some of the most active agents in its eradication are the representatives of that group of predaceous mites which Vitzthum (1941) placed in the subfamily Phytoseiinae Ber\'lese, 1916 1). As the late Dr. A. C. Oudemans of Arnhem included many if not most of these species in the genus Typhlodromus as he conceived it, this paper is in essence a revision of that genus.\nPresumably because of their small size and limited distribution, which is largely contingent upon readily available populations of their hosts, little attention has been paid to these predators from either the ecological or taxonomic point of view. A cursory survey of the literature pertaining to the predaceous relationship which exists between the Phytoseiinae herein to be discussed and the tetranychid mites may serve as an appraisal of this economically significant group of mites. Koch (1839) in describing what now appears to be a typhlodromid, viz., Gamasus vepallidus, made no reference to its possible predaceous habits. Scheuten (1857) thought that the eriophyids which he found associated in numbers with his Typhlodromus pyri were its offspring. Berlese (1882-1898), however, had a better understanding of these relationships and was able to state in his redescription of G. vepallidus as Seius (Seiulus) vepallidus (K.) that it was a predator of small acari as well as being a mycophage. His countryman, Ribaga (1902), writing of the

Description: Manilkara Adanson em. Gilly, Trop. Woods 73, 1943, 1\xe2\x80\x9422 \xe2\x80\x94 Manilkara Adanson, Fam. 2,1763,166; Dubard, Ann. Mus. col. Mars. 23,1915,6; Baehni, Candollea 7, 1938, 394\xe2\x80\x94508; Lam, Blumea 4, 2, 1941, 323; Lam, Blumea 5, 1, 1942, 41 \xe2\x80\x94 Manilkara Rheede, Lam in Bull. Jard. bot. Bzg, s\xc3\xa9r. 3, 7, 1925, 238; Lam, 1. c., s\xc3\xa9r. 3, 8, 1927, 481 \xe2\x80\x94 Manyl-kara Rheede, Hort. Mal. 4, 1673, 53, t. 25 \xe2\x80\x94 Mimusops L., sect. Ternaria DC., Prodr. 8, 1844, 203; as a subgenus in Engler, Monogr. Afr. Pfl. Fam und Gatt. 8, 1904, 55 \xe2\x80\x94 Delastrea A. DC, Prodr. 8, 1844, 195 \xe2\x80\x94 Labramia A. DC, 1. c. 672 \xe2\x80\x94 Mimusops L., sect. Euternaria Engl., 1. c., p.p. (except sect. Muriea) \xe2\x80\x93 Northia (not of Hook, f.) sensu Lam, 1. c. 1925, 241 and 1927, 481, p.p.; Lam, Bern. P. Bish. Mus. Bull. 141, 1936, 163 \xe2\x80\x94 Northiopsis Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 47, 1933, 677; Lam, 1. c. 1941, 343; Lam, 1. c. 1942, 43 \xe2\x80\x94 Faucherea Lec., Bull. Mus. hist. nat. 26, 1920, 248 \xe2\x80\x94 Achras L., Sp. Pl., 1753, App. 1190; Loefling, Iter Hisp,, 1758, 186; Lam, Bull. Jard. bot. Bzg, s\xc3\xa9r. 3, 7, 1925, 218; Lam, 1. c., s\xc3\xa9r. 3, 8, 1927, 476; Little, Brittonia 7, 1948, 48.\nLaticiferous trees. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, often obovate with rounded tip, stipules caducous; midrib impressed or crested above, prominent below, secondary and tertiary nerves parallel, secondary ones hardly stronger than tertiary nerves, the latter slender, descending from margin, often stretchedly and minutely reticulate. Inflorescences axillary, clustered, manyflorous. Flowers hermaphrodite, pedicellate, pedicel often incrassate when fruiting. Calyx with 2 whorls of 3 lobes each. Corolla with 6 lobes, each of them with 2 dorsal or lateral segments which are sometimes reduced or wanting. Stamens 6, epipetalous, inserted in the row of the staminodes, anthers dehiscing extrorsely. Staminodes 6, petaloid, alternipetalous, ovate, acuminate,, usually dentate or lobed. Ovary 6\xe2\x80\x9414-celled, cells 1-ovuled, ovules axile, anatropous to campylotropous. Fruit a dryish berry, 1\xe2\x80\x946- seeded; seeds compressed to terete, pear-shaped to oblong ellipsoid, scar basiventral or almost basal, large to small, wide to narrow, oblong to linear, with the hilum at the apical and the micropyle at the basal end; testa crustaceous; albumen copious, cotyledons foliaceous, thin, ovate, radicle long exserted, cylindrical.