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  • 11
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    Correction to "S-wave polarization inversion of the 15 October 1979, 23:19 Imperial Valley aftershock: Evidence for anisotropy and a simple source mechanism" (GRL, vol. 16, pp. 1047-1050, 1989) (1990)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Stockholm, 3-4, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 311, pp. L03308, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Inversion ; Anisotropy ; Polarization ; Shear waves ; GRL
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 12
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    How does an asperity break? New elements from the waveform inversion of accelerograms for the 2319 UT, October 15, 1979, Imperial Valley aftershock (1991)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Stockholm, 3-4, vol. 96, no. B13, pp. 21549-21573, pp. L03308, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991
    Keywords: Earthquake asperities ; Rock mechanics ; Seismology ; Wave form analysis ; Earthquake ; Aftershocks ; JGR ; 7203 ; Seismology: ; Body ; wave ; propagation
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 13
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    How does an asperity break? New elements from the waveform inversion of accelerograms for the 2319 UT, October 15, 1979, Imperial Valley aftershock (1991)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Stockholm, 3-4, vol. 96, no. 3, pp. 21549-21573, pp. L03308, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991
    Keywords: Strong motions ; Rock mechanics ; Seismology ; Earthquake ; Inversion ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 14
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    Predicting the Macroseismic Intensity from Early Radiated P-wave Energy for On-site Earthquake Early Warning in Italy (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-10-11
    Description: Earthquake Early Warning Systems (EEWS) are potentially effective tools for risk mitigation in active seismic regions. The present study explores the possibility of predicting the macroseismic intensity within EEW timeframes using the squared velocity integral (IV2) measured on the early P-wave signals, a proxy for the P-wave radiated energy of earthquakes. This study shows that IV2 correlates better than the peak displacement measured on P-waves (PD) with both the peak ground velocity and the Housner Intensity, with the latter being recognized by engineers as a reliable proxy for damage assessment. Therefore, using the strong motion recordings of the ITalian ACcelerometric Archive (ITACA 2.0), a novel relationship between the parameter IV2 and the macroseismic intensity (IM) has been derived. The validity of this relationship has been assessed using the strong motion recordings of the INGV Strong Motion Data and ‘ Osservatorio Sismico delle Strutture ’ databases, as well as, in the case of the M W 6 May 29 th 2012 Emilia Earthquake (Italy), comparing the predicted intensities with the ones observed after a macroseismic survey. Our results indicate that P-wave IV2 can become a key parameter for the design of on-site EEWS, capable of proving real-time predictions of the IM at target sites.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 15
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    Automatic earthquake confirmation for early warning system (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-18
    Description: Earthquake early warning studies are shifting real-time seismology in earthquake science. They provide methods to rapidly assess earthquakes to predict damaging ground shaking. Preventing false alarms from these systems is key. Here, we developed a simple, robust algorithm, A uthorizing GR ound shaking for E arthquake E arly warning S ystems, (AGREEs) to reduce falsely issued alarms. This is a network-threshold-based algorithm, which differs from existing approaches based on apparent velocity of P- and S-waves. AGREEs is designed to function as an external module to support existing earthquake early warning systems (EEWS) and filters out the false events, by evaluating actual shaking near the epicenter. Our retrospective analyses of the 2009 L'Aquila and 2012 Emilia earthquakes show that AGREEs could help an EEWS by confirming the epicentral intensity. Furthermore, AGREEs is able to effectively identify three false events due to a storm, a teleseismic earthquake, and broken sensors in Irpinia Seismic Network, Italy.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 16
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    A P-wave based, on-site method for Earthquake Early Warning (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-14
    Description: A new strategy for a P-wave based, on-site earthquake early warning system has been developed and tested on Japanese strong motion data. The key elements are the real-time, continuous measurement of three peak amplitude parameters and their empirical combination to predict the ensuing peak ground velocity. The observed parameters are compared to threshold values and converted into a single, dimensionless variable. A local alert level is issued as soon as the empirical combination exceeds a given threshold. The performance of the method has been evaluated by applying the approach to the catalog of Japanese earthquake records and counting the relative percentage of successful, missed and false alarms. We show that the joint use of three peak amplitude parameters improves the performance of the system as compared to the use of a single parameter, with a relative increase of successful alarms of about 35%. The proposed methodology provides a more reliable prediction of the expected ground shaking and improves the robustness of a single-station, threshold-based earthquake early warning system.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 17
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    Exploring the Feasibility of a Nation-Wide Earthquake Early Warning System in Italy (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-11
    Description: When accompanied by appropriate training and preparedness of a population, Earthquake Early Warning Systems (EEWS) are effective and viable tools for the real-time reduction of societal exposure to seismic events in metropolitan areas. The Italian Accelerometric Network, RAN, which consists of about five hundred stations installed over all the active seismic zones, as well as many cities and strategic infrastructures in Italy, has the potential to serve as a nation-wide early warning system. In this work, we present a feasibility study for a nation-wide EEWS in Italy obtained by the integration of the RAN and the software platform PRESTo (Satriano et al., 2011). The performance of the RAN-PRESTo EEWS is first assessed by testing it on real strong motion recordings of forty of the largest earthquakes that have occurred during the last ten years in Italy. Furthermore, we extend the analysis to regions that did not experience earthquakes by considering a nation-wide grid of synthetic sources capable of generating Gutenberg-Richter sequences corresponding to the one adopted by the seismic hazard map of the Italian territory. Our results indicate that the RAN-PRESTo EEWS could theoretically provide for higher seismic hazard areas reliable alert messages within about 5 to 10 seconds and maximum lead-times of about 25 seconds. In case of large events (M 〉 6.5), this amount of lead-time would be sufficient for taking basic protective measures (e.g. duck and cover, move away from windows or equipment) in tens to hundreds municipalities affected by large ground shaking.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 18
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    Echo chambers in the age of misinformation [Social Sciences] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-21
    Description: The wide availability of user-provided content in online social media facilitates the aggregation of people around common interests, worldviews, and narratives. However, the World Wide Web (WWW) also allows for the rapid dissemination of unsubstantiated rumors and conspiracy theories that often elicit rapid, large, but naive social responses such as...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 19
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    Anatomy of a microearthquake sequence on an active normal fault (2012)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2012-07-09
    Description: Anatomy of a microearthquake sequence on an active normal fault Scientific Reports 2, 16052012 doi: 10.1038/srep00410 T. A. Stabile C. Satriano A. Orefice G. Festa A. Zollo The analysis of similar earthquakes, such as events in a seismic sequence, is an effective tool with which to monitor and study source processes and to understand the mechanical and dynamic states of active fault systems. We are observing seismicity that is primarily concentrated in very limited regions along the 1980 Irpinia earthquake fault zone in Southern Italy, which is a complex system characterised by extensional stress regime. These zones of weakness produce repeated earthquakes and swarm-like microearthquake sequences, which are concentrated in a few specific zones of the fault system. In this study, we focused on a sequence that occurred along the main fault segment of the 1980 Irpinia earthquake to understand its characteristics and its relation to the loading-unloading mechanisms of the fault system.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 20
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    An evolutionary approach to real-time moment magnitude estimation via inversion of displacement spectra (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-01-20
    Description: We present an evolutionary approach for magnitude estimation for earthquake early warning based on real-time inversion of displacement spectra. The Spectrum Inversion (SI) method estimates magnitude and its uncertainty by inferring the shape of the entire displacement spectral curve based on the part of the spectra constrained by available data. The method consists of two components: 1) estimating seismic moment by finding the low frequency plateau Ω0, the corner frequency fc and attenuation factor (Q) that best fit the observed displacement spectra assuming a Brune ω2 model, and 2) estimating magnitude and its uncertainty based on the estimate of seismic moment. A novel characteristic of this method is that is does not rely on empirically derived relationships, but rather involves direct estimation of quantities related to the moment magnitude. SI magnitude and uncertainty estimates are updated each second following the initial P detection. We tested the SI approach on broadband and strong motion waveforms data from 158 Southern California events, and 25 Japanese events for a combined magnitude range of 3 ≤ M ≤ 7. Based on the performance evaluated on this dataset, the SI approach can potentially provide stable estimates of magnitude within 10 seconds from the initial earthquake detection.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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