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  • 1
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    Unbekannt
    Biomarker indicators for anaerobic oxidizers of methane in brackish-marine sediments with diffusive methane fluxes. (2009)
    In:  EPIC3Organic Geochemistry, 41(4), pp. 414-426
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    Analysis of biogenic magnetite nanoparticles (2013)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Byrne, James M; Coker, V S; Moise, S; Wincott, P L; Vaughan, D J; Tuna, F; Arenholz, E; van der Laan, G; Pattrick, R A D P; Lloyd, J R; Telling, N D (2013): Controlled cobalt doping in biogenic magnetite nanoparticles. Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 10(83), 20130134-20130134, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0134
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-13
    Beschreibung: Cobalt doped magnetite (CoxFe3-xO4) nanoparticles have been produced through the microbial reduction of cobalt-iron oxyhydroxide by the bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens. The materials produced, as measured by SQUID, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, Mössbauer spectroscopy, etc., show dramatic increases in coercivity with increasing cobalt content without a major decrease in overall saturation magnetization. Structural and magnetization analyses reveal a reduction in particle size to 〈4 nm at the highest Co content, combined with an increase in the effective anisotropy of the magnetic nanoparticles. The potential use of these biogenic nanoparticles in aqueous suspensions for magnetic hyperthermia applications is demonstrated. Further analysis of the distribution of cations within the ferrite spinel indicates that the cobalt is predominantly incorporated in octahedral coordination, achieved by the substitution of Fe2+ site with Co2+, with up to 17 per cent Co substituted into tetrahedral sites.
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 695.2 kBytes
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  • 3
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    Scaling up the production of biogenic magnetite nanoparticles (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Byrne, James M; Muhamadali, H; Coker, V S; Cooper, J; Lloyd, J R (2015): Scale-up of the production of highly reactive biogenic magnetite nanoparticles using Geobacter sulfurreducens. Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 12(107), 20150240, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0240
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: Although there are numerous examples of large-scale commercial microbial synthesis routes for organic bioproducts, few studies have addressed the obvious potential for microbial systems to produce inorganic functional biomaterials at scale. Here we address this by focusing on the production of nano-scale biomagnetite particles by the Fe(III)-reducing bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens, which was scaled-up successfully from lab-scale to pilot plant-scale production, whilst maintaining the surface reactivity and magnetic properties which make this material well suited to commercial exploitation. At the largest scale tested, the bacterium was grown in a 50 L bioreactor, harvested and then inoculated into a buffer solution containing Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide and an electron donor and mediator, which promoted the formation of magnetite in under 24 hours. This procedure was capable of producing up to 120 g biomagnetite. The particle size distribution was maintained between 10 and 15 nm during scale-up of this second step from 10 ml to 10 L, with conserved magnetic properties and surface reactivity; the latter demonstrated by the reduction of Cr(VI). The process presented provides an environmentally benign route to magnetite production and serves as an alternative to harsher synthetic techniques, with the clear potential to be used to produce kg to tonne quantities.
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 6 MBytes
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A model for conductor failure considering diffusion concurrently with electromigration resulting in a current exponent of 2 (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 59 (1986), S. 3890-3893 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A model was constructed for electromigration failure where both Fickian diffusion and mass transport due to the electromigration driving force are considered concurrently. The solution to the resulting diffusion equation yields a current exponent of 2 and an activation energy consistent with grain-boundary self-diffusion. A modification of the standard median time to failure equation first proposed by Black is suggested.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.336731
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Numerical investigations of the electromigration boundary value problem (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 1729-1731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The electromigration diffusion boundary value problem with the perfectly blocking diffusion barrier is numerically investigated. Three possible boundary conditions are identified as physically meaningful and the solutions compared at the blocking barrier. It is seen that the solution of M. Shatzkes and J. R. Lloyd [J. Appl. Phys. 59, 3890 (1986)] is a good approximation for the time to failure if the critical vacancy concentration for failure is not too near a steady-state value. A dimensionless parameter is introduced which may be useful in estimating ultimate electromigration performance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351204
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electromigration-induced vacancy behavior in unpassivated thin films (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 3231-3233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A model is constructed where a nonequilibrium vacancy concentration resulting from electromigration-induced mass flux divergences is responsible for damage in the form of wedge-like and/or crack-like voids as well as thinning of extended areas. The damage morphology is primarily a function of temperature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351367
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The electromigration failure distribution: The fine-line case (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 2117-2127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The electromigration failure distribution for fine-line interconnects is unknown, but expected to be strongly affected by microstructure. Results from tests on lines with controlled grain sizes and distributions of grain sizes argue for a series model of failure elements in fine lines. A new statistical model of electromigration is developed based on an extension of the failure model of Shatzkes and Lloyd [J. Appl. Phys. 59 (1986)] incorporating the statistics of microstructure and concomittant variations in the activation energy for grain-boundary diffusion. The resulting electromigration failure distribution is well-approximated by a multilognormal distribution in the fine-line case. This approach results in a failure distribution calculated from first principles which, unlike the lognormal distribution, is scalable.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348738
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electromigration failure (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 7601-7604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Electromigration failure is modeled as a nucleation and growth process, where void nucleation is due to the generation of a nonequilibrium vacancy concentration from an electromigration induced mass flux divergence. Following nucleation, voids grow until equaling the width of the conductor, causing an open circuit. It is seen that if the failure process is dominated by the nucleation stage, a j−2 dependence on lifetime is observed. In this model, electromigration lifetimes are predicted without resort to adjustable parameters with reasonable accuracy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347529
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Activation energy for electromigration failure in Al–Cu conductor stripes covered with polyimide (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 1235-1237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The activation energy for electromigration failure was determined for Al-4% Cu conductor stripes covered with polyimide. The activation energy was measured to be 0.88 eV, which is substantially higher than that measured previously for similar systems under glass. The difference in the activation energies is attributed to the possible presence of hydrogen in the Al–Cu grain boundaries.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337325
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Role of copper in electromigration lifetimes of aluminum alloy conductors (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 1167-1168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Recent experimental results have indicated that the traditionally conceived role of copper in Al/Cu alloys in electromigration resistance may not be correct. A simple model is proposed based on Al/Cu intermetallic precipitates acting as local diffusion barriers limiting vacancy availability.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.103518
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