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  • 1
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    Elastic waves guided by a fluid layer - A new type of ultrasonic wave propagation (1970)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Ultrasonic wave propagation guided by fluid layer between two elastic solids, plotting normalized velocities and layer thicknesses
    Keywords: PHYSICS, GENERAL
    Type: ; ACE(
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  • 2
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    Field Studies of Crater Gradation in Gusev Crater and Meridiani Planum Using the Mars Exploration Rovers (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity investigated numerous craters since landing in Gusev crater (14.569degS, 175.473degE) and Meridiani Planum (1.946degS, 354.473degE) over the first 400 sols of their missions [1-4]. Craters at both sites are simple structures and vary in size and preservation state. Comparing observed and expected pristine morphology and using process-specific gradational signatures around terrestrial craters as a template [5-7] allows distinguishing gradation processes whose relative importance fundamentally differs from those responsible for most crater modification on the Earth.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Workshop on The Role of Volatile and Atmospheres on Martian Impact Craters; 42-43; LPI-Contrib-1273
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  • 3
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    Pyroclastic Activity at Home Plate in Gusev Crater, Mars (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: Home Plate is a layered plateau in Gusev crater on Mars. It is composed of clastic rocks of moderately altered alkali basalt composition, enriched in some highly volatile elements. A coarse-grained lower unit is overlain by a finer-grained upper unit. Textural observations indicate that the lower strata were emplaced in an explosive event, and geochemical considerations favor an explosive volcanic origin over an impact origin. The lower unit likely represents accumulation of pyroclastic materials, while the upper unit may represent eolian reworking of the same pyroclastic materials.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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  • 4
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    Geology of the Gusec cratered plains from the Spirit rover transverse (2006)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: The cratered plains of Gusev traversed by Spirit are generally low-relief rocky plains dominated by impact and eolian processes. Ubiquitous shallow, soil-filled, circular depressions, called hollows, are modified impact craters. Rocks are dark, fine-grained basalts, and the upper 10 m of the cratered plains appears to be an impact-generated regolith developed over intact basalt flows. Systematic field observations across the cratered plains identified vesicular clasts and rare scoria similar to original lava flow tops, consistent with an upper inflated surface of lava flows with adjacent collapse depressions. Crater and hollow morphometry are consistent with most being secondaries. The size frequency distribution of rocks 〉0.1 m diameter generally follows exponential functions similar to other landing sites for total rock abundances of 5-35%. Systematic clast counts show that areas with higher rock abundance and more large rocks have higher thermal inertia. Plains with lower thermal inertia have fewer rocks and substantially more pebbles that are well sorted and evenly spaced, similar to a desert pavement or lag. Eolian bed forms (ripples and wind tails) have coarse surface lags, and many are dust covered and thus likely inactive. Deflation of the surface _5-25 cm likely exposed two-toned rocks and elevated ventifacts and transported fines into craters creating the hollows. This observed redistribution yields extremely slow average erosion rates of _0.03 nm/yr and argues for very little long-term net change of the surface and a dry and desiccating environment similar to today's since the Hesperian (or _3 Ga).
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; Volume 111
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  • 5
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    The MODIS Aerosol Algorithm, Products and Validation (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: The MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard both NASA's Terra and Aqua satellites is making near global daily observations of the earth in a wide spectral range. These measurements are used to derive spectral aerosol optical thickness and aerosol size parameters over both land and ocean. The aerosol products available over land include aerosol optical thickness at three visible wavelengths, a measure of the fraction of aerosol optical thickness attributed to the fine mode and several derived parameters including reflected spectral solar flux at top of atmosphere. Over ocean, the aerosol optical thickness is provided in seven wavelengths from 0.47 microns to 2.13 microns. In addition, quantitative aerosol size information includes effective radius of the aerosol and quantitative fraction of optical thickness attributed to the fine mode. Spectral aerosol flux, mass concentration and number of cloud condensation nuclei round out the list of available aerosol products over the ocean. The spectral optical thickness and effective radius of the aerosol over the ocean are validated by comparison with two years of AERONET data gleaned from 133 AERONET stations. 8000 MODIS aerosol retrievals colocated with AERONET measurements confirm that one-standard deviation of MODIS optical thickness retrievals fall within the predicted uncertainty of delta tauapproximately equal to plus or minus 0.03 plus or minus 0.05 tau over ocean and delta tay equal to plus or minus 0.05 plus or minus 0.15 tau over land. 271 MODIS aerosol retrievals co-located with AERONET inversions at island and coastal sites suggest that one-standard deviation of MODIS effective radius retrievals falls within delta r_eff approximately equal to 0.11 microns. The accuracy of the MODIS retrievals suggests that the product can be used to help narrow the uncertainties associated with aerosol radiative forcing of global climate.
    Keywords: Instrumentation and Photography
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  • 6
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    Crater Gradation in Gusev Crater, Meridiani Planum, and on the Earth (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: The Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity have examined multiple impact craters since landing in Gusev Crater (14.569 deg. S, 175.473 deg. E) and Meridiani Planum (1.946 deg. S, 354.473 deg. E), respectively. Craters at both locations are in varying states of preservation and comparison between their evolved gradation signatures and those around simple, unglaciated terrestrial craters provide clues to the processes and amount of Martian crater modification.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI, Part 7; LPI-Contrib-1234-Pt-7
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  • 7
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    Multi-resolution mapping using surface, descent and orbit images (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: Our objective is to produce high-accuracy maps of the terrain elevation at landing sites on planetary bodies through the use of all available image data. These technologies are important for performing rover navigation in future space missions and the maps provide a tool for coordinating rovers in a robotic colony.
    Keywords: Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
    Type: 6th International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics and Automation in Space; Montreal, Quebec; Canada
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  • 8
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    Pancam multispectral imaging results from the Opportunity Rover at Meridiani Planum (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: Panoramic Camera (Pancam) images from Meridiani Planum reveal a low-albedo, generally flat, and relatively rock-free surface. Within and around impact craters and fractures, laminated outcrop rocks with higher albedo are observed. Fine-grained materials include dark sand, bright ferric iron-rich dust, angular rock clasts, and millimeter-size spheroidal granules that are eroding out of the laminated rocks. Spectra of sand, clasts, and one dark plains rock are consistent with mafic silicates such as pyroxene and olivine. Spectra of both the spherules and the laminated outcrop materials indicate the presence of crystalline ferric oxides or oxyhydroxides. Atmospheric observations show a steady decline in dust opacity during the mission. Astronomical observations captured solar transits by Phobos and Deimos and time-lapse observations of sunsets.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); Volume 306; 5702; 1703-1709
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  • 9
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    Crop classification using airborne radar and LANDSAT data (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Airborne radar data acquired with a 13.3 GHz scatterometer over a test-site near Colby, Kansas were used to investigate the statistical properties of the scattering coefficient of three types of vegetation cover and of bare soil. A statistical model for radar data was developed that incorporates signal-fading and natural within-field variabilities. Estimates of the within-field and between-field coefficients of variation were obtained for each cover-type and compared with similar quantities derived from LANDSAT images of the same fields. The classification accuracy provided by LANDSAT alone, radar alone, and both sensors combined was investigated. The results indicate that the addition of radar to LANDSAT improves the classification accuracy by about 10; percentage-points when the classification is performed on a pixel basis and by about 15 points when performed on a field-average basis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E83-10255 , NASA-CR-171628 , SR-K1-04043 , NAS 1.26:171628 , RSL-TR-360-13
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  • 10
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    Ancient Aqueous Environments at Endeavour Crater, Mars (2014)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Opportunity has investigated in detail rocks on the rim of the Noachian age Endeavour crater, where orbital spectral reflectance signatures indicate the presence of Fe(+3)-rich smectites. The signatures are associated with fine-grained, layered rocks containing spherules of diagenetic or impact origin. The layered rocks are overlain by breccias, and both units are cut by calcium sulfate veins precipitated from fluids that circulated after the Endeavour impact. Compositional data for fractures in the layered rocks suggest formation of Al-rich smectites by aqueous leaching. Evidence is thus preserved for water-rock interactions before and after the impact, with aqueous environments of slightly acidic to circum-neutral pH that would have been more favorable for prebiotic chemistry and microorganisms than those recorded by younger sulfate-rich rocks at Meridiani Planum.
    Keywords: Exobiology
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN21296 , Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 343; 6169; 1248097
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