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  • Articles  (141)
Collection
Journal
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 38 (1982), S. 129-139 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS) 65D15 ; CR: 5.13
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary In this paper duality theory is used to derive an algorithm for the solution of the discrete linearL p approximation problem (for 1〈p〈2). This algorithm turns out to be similar to existing iteratively reweighted least squares algorithms, but can be shown to be globally andQ-superlinearly convergent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    GeoJournal 32 (1994), S. 61-70 
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Abstract The influence of aerosols in the visible and near infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum was studied by simulations of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper measurements. The radiative transfer model used is based on the matrix-operator-method and was applied to different surface types, represented by specific spectral albedo values. On the basis of a single scattering approach for atmospheric correction, an algorithm was developed to correct for the influences of aerosols, air molecules and athmospheric trace gases on Thematic Mapper measurements above land surfaces using additional measurements above nearby located ocean surfaces to estimate the optical properties. The optical thickness of a cloud-free atmosphere has therefore been varied in the model for different aerosol types and surface reflectances.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cysteine proteinase ; cDNA ; Vicia sativa L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract cDNA clones encoding cysteine proteinases from cotyledons of germinated seeds of Vicia sativa L. have been obtained by means of PCR. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed according to conserved amino acid regions of known cysteine proteinases. The deduced amino acid sequences of the cDNA clones encoding VSCYSPR1 and VSCYSPR2 display strong homology to cysteine proteinases of the so called papain superfamily. Northern analyses revealed developmentally regulated expression of both the mRNAs in germinating seeds. The transcripts were shown to be products of two distinct single genes, each exhibiting structural polymorphisms as exposed in few nucleotide substitutions.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A thorough search for electrocatalysts for anodic oxygen evolution from caustic potash solution together with an investigation for the main reasons of ohmic potential drops in the interelectrode gap has lead to a new concept for an advanced medium temperature (150° to 200°C), medium pressure (30 to 100 bars) alkaline water electrolysis. The new concept will allow electrolytic water decomposition at temperatures between 160° and 200°C with current densities of 1 to 1.5 A/cm2 and cell voltages between 1.55 and 1.65 V.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Nucleus ambiguus ; Enteric nervous system ; Motor endplate ; Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ; Coinnervation ; Anterograde tracing ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We investigated the origin of galanin-positive nerve fibers on motor endplates in rat esophagus using anterograde 1,1′-dioleyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine methane sulfonate (DiI) tracing from the nucleus ambiguus combined with galanin immunocytochemistry and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunocytochemistry. To demonstrate spatial relationships of galanin-positive nerve fibers to vagal and enteric nerve fibers on motor endplates, we combined galanin immunocytochemistry with calcitonin gene-related peptide immunostaining for labeling of vagal terminals, and vasoactive intestinal peptide immunoreactivity and NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry for demonstration of enteric nerve fibers. Within fine varicose nerve fibers, galanin was colocalized with vasoactive intestinal peptide and NADPH-diaphorase to a high degree and turned out to be completely separated from calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive or anterogradely DiI-labeled vagal motor terminals. These results indicate that the enteric nervous system is the most important and possibly the only source of galanin-positive nerve terminals on motor endplates in rat esophagus. Galanin may be, in addition to nitric oxide and vasoactive intestinal peptide, a mediator of the enteric coinnervation of striated muscle in this organ.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 3455-3458 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Stereoselectivity ; Carbonyliron Complex ; Oxidation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The tricarbonyliron complex 2a underwent selective and diastereoselective oxidation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide at room temperature to provide, after decomplexation, the peroxyether 5 which, on reduction, yielded the corres-ponding secondary alcohol 7.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: During the last fifty years the chemistry of chloroamine has been developed intensively. Many mechanisms for the reaction between chloroamine and ammonia have been forwarded and discarded again. Today, two mechanisms are discussed which so far both cannot be discarded: The SN2-mechanism and the mechanism including nitrogen monohydride as an intermediate. Nitrogen monohydride, prepared hitherto from hydrogen azide, ammonia, and hydrazine can be isolated at lower temperatures in probably oligomeric state.
    Notes: Nach über einem halben Jahrhundert intensiver Entwicklung der Chloraminchemie und nach Aufstellung und Widerlegung vieler Mechanismen für die Chloramin-Ammoniak Reaktion stehen sich heute zwei Mechanismen gegenüber, die beide durch die bisherigen Experimente nicht zu entkräften sind: Der SN2-Mechanismus und der Mechanismus über Stickstoffmonohydrid als Zwischenprodukt. Stickstoffmonohydrid läßt sich bisher aus Hydrogenazid, Ammoniak und Hydrazin erhalten und bei tiefen Temperaturen in wahrscheinlich oligomerem Zustand ausfrieren.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 313 (1961), S. 37-47 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: According to the method of Rice, Freamo, and Grelecki solid chloroamine has been decomposed at -190 °C by ultraviolet irradiation. The blue product formed is stable below -150 °C; it is already known from the analogous decomposition of hydrogen azide, and its formation can be understood only by the primary formation of nitrogen monohydride.  -  This result is supported by the identification of hydrogen cyanate during the thermal decomposition of gaseous chloroamine in the presence of carbon mon oxide (5 to 10 Torr, 500 °C). Under the same conditions, hydrazine too produces hydrogen cyanate.  -  Considering the result of Wannagat and Kohnen, who showed nitrogen monohydride and ammonia to form hydrazine, it follows that it is possible to synthesize hydrazine from chloroamine and ammonia via nitrogen monohydride as an intermediate.
    Notes: In Anlehnung an die Methodik von Rice, Freamo und Grelecki wurde festes Chloramin bei -190 °C durch ultraviolette Strahlung zersetzt. Das entstehende blaue Produkt, beständig unterhalb -150 °C, ist bereits durch die entsprechende Zersetzung des Hydrogenazids bekannt; seine Bildung ist nur durch primäres Auftreten von Stickstoffmonohydrid zu erklären.  -  Dieses Ergebnis wird durch den Nachweis von Hydrogencyanat im Anschluß an die thermische Zersetzung gasförmigen Chloramins in Gegenwart von Kohlenmonoxid (5 bis 10 Torr, 500 °C) bekräftigt. Auch Hydrazin liefert unter diesen Bedingungen Hydrogencyanat.  -  Unter Berücksichtigung des Befundes von Wannagat und Kohnen, daß Stickstoffmonohydrid mit Ammoniak zu Hydrazin reagieren kann, folgt, daß es ein experimentell gangbarer Weg ist, Hydrazin aus Chloramin und Ammoniak über Stickstoffmonohydrid als Zwischenprodukt zu synthetisieren.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Infrared and RAMAN spectra of 14NCl3 and 15NCl3 dissolved in CCl4 or n-Hexane have been investigated in the region 4000 to 200 cm-1. Assuming C3v symmetry, force constants for the nitrogen trichloride molecule are calculated using the WILSON FG-Matrix method.
    Notes: Die Infrarotspektren von 14NCl3 und 15NCl3, gelöst in CCl4 bzw. n-Hexan, wurden im Bereich zwischen 4 000 und 200 cm-1 aufgenommen. RAMAN-Spektren beider Verbindungen in CCl4 wurden mit Hilfe eines Laser-RAMAN-Gerätes (Erregerfrequenz 5145 Å) registriert. Unter Annahme eines plausiblen Molekülmodelles der Symmetrie C3v wurde mit Hilfe der WILSONschen FG-Matrix-Methode ein vollständiger Satz von Kraftkonstanten (General Valence Force Field) berechnet.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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