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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting onto wool, XVII. Graft copolymerization of methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate by use of VO(acac)2 as initiator. Comparison of monomer reactivities (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 102 (1982), S. 59-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurden Pfropfcopolymerisationen mit den Akzeptormonomeren Methylacrylat und Ethylacrylat auf Himachali-Wollfasern in wäßrigem Medium unter Verwendung von Vanadinoxiacetylacetonat als Initiator bei 40, 50, 60 und 70°C untersucht. Die Pfropfcopolymerisation wurde bei verschiedenen Reaktionszeiten durchgeführt, und Salpetersäure hat sich als Katalysator erwiesen. Der Propf- und Pfropfwirkungsgrad wurde als Funktion der Konzentration von Salpetersäure, Initiator, Monomeren, der Zeit und der Temperatur bestimmt. Unter optimalen Bedingungen pfropften Methylacrylat und Ethylacrylat maximal bis zu 28,4 bzw. 18,5% auf. Die relative Reaktivität von Methylacrylat und Ethylacrylat beim Pfropfen wurde mit jener von Methylmethacrylat, Acrylsäure und Vinylacetat, worüber früher berichtet wurde, verglichen. Die einzelnen Vinylmonomere zeigten folgende Reaktivitätsreihenfolge: MMA 〉 MA 〉 EA 〉 AAC 〉 VAc. Mehrere Pfropfversuche wurden in Gegenwart verschiedener Additive, wie tert.-Butylhydroperoxid (TBHP), DMSO, Pyridin und DMF durchgeführt. Nur TBHP zeigte eine merkliche Steigerung der Pfropfung, die anderen Additive erniedrigten den Pfropfgrad sowohl für Methylacrylat als auch für Ethylacrylat.
    Notes: Graft copolymerization of acceptor monomers methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate onto Himachali wool fiber has been studied in aqueous medium by using vanadium oxyacetyl acetonate as initiator at 40, 50, 60, and 70°C. Graft copolymerization was carried out for various reaction periods and nitric acid was found to catalyse the reaction. Percentage of grafting and percent efficiency have been determined as functions of concentration of nitric acid, concentration of initiator, concentration of monomer, time, and temperature. Under optimum conditions, methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate afforded maximum grafting to the extent of 28.4 and 18.5%, respectively. Relative reactivities of methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate towards grafting have been compared with those of methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid and vinyl acetate reported earlier from this laboratory. Different vinyl monomers showed the following reactivity order: MMA 〉 MA 〉 EA 〉 AAc 〉 VAc. Several grafting experiments were carried out in the presence of various additives which included tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP), dimethylsulfoxide, pyridine, and dimethylformamide. Only TBHP was found to enhance grafting to a considerable extent, other additives decrease percent grafting of both methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1982.051020107
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clean fuel from coal for thermal power stations through semi-continuous solvent refining technique under ambient pressure conditions (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 13 (1988), S. 307-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810130148
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpretive nonlinear viscoelasticity: Dynamic properties of nylon 6, nylon 66, and nylon 12 fibers (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 2063-2104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Nonlinear response of nylon 6, nylon 66, and nylon 12 fibers to sinusoidal straining under relatively large strain amplitude is analyzed in terms of the changes in properties during the straining, i.e., the change in modulus, change in internal friction and change in structure which involves energy release or absorption in straining. Modulus generally increases with strain but it decreases with increase of strain amplitude, the effect of strain amplitude being largest with nylon 6 and smallest with nylon 66. Mechanical loss increase with the increase of strain amplitudes in nonlinear manner, and the magnitude of change is largest with nylon 66 and smallest with nylon 6. During the extension phase, structural change occurring in nylon 6 is predominantly an increase in order or orientation while that with nylon 66 is crack opening or cavitation. Various aspects of the experiments and analysis of the data are described in detail.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1980.070250920
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting onto wool. XIV. Graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers by use of Mn(AcAc)3 as an initiator (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 3797-3804 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ethyl acrylate (EA), butyl acrylate (BA), and vinyl acetate (VAc) have been graft copolymerized onto Himachali wool fiber in an aqueous medium by using Mn(AcAc)3 as an initiator. Graft copolymerization was studied at 45°, 55°, 65° and 75°C for various reaction periods. Percentage of grafting and percent efficiency were determined as functions of concentration of monomer, concentation of initiator, concentration of nitric acid, time, and temperature. Several grafting experiments were carried out in the presence of various additives which included: (i) pyridine and (ii) Et3 N. EA, BA, and VAc were found to differ in reactivity towards grafting and followed the order: EA 〉 BA 〉 VAc.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070261126
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallinity of pure and nucleated PET (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 2177-2186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Pure and Al(OH)3-containing PET films were prepared, quenched, and subsequently annealed under identical conditions. The level of crystallinity of the films was determined by three methods: density measurements, X-ray crystallinity determination, and measurements by IR of the relative concentration of trans —O—C—C—O— conformation in the polymer. For pure PET it was found that the percentage crystallinity measured in annealed samples by X-ray and IR is about the same. The density measurements agree with these techniques only when the amorphous density is taken as 1.348 g/cm3. In the case of quenched pure PET, a 7% correction to the concentration of trans conformation must be introduced (in agreement with recent literature) to fit the IR results to the X-ray and density data. Annealed PET containing Al(OH)3 crystallizes to about the same level as annealed pure PET. The agreement between X-ray and IR data is reasonably good. In the quenched PET/Al(OH)3 there exists a higher level of trans conformation (enhanced order), probably resulting from adsorption of relatively extended PET chain segments on the surface of the hydroxide particles. These extended units may possibly serve as nucleation sites for PET crystallization upon cooling from the melt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1983.070280705
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of silicon comonomers on thermal degradation of polystyrene (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 4287-4295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermal degradation of the following organosilicon copolymers: styrene-vinylmethyl-diacetoxysilane, styrene-2-methacryloyloxypropoxytrimethyl silane, styrene-(dimethyl) siloxane-methylvinylsiloxane) diol and hexamethyl cyclotrisiloxane-styrene-hexamethyl cyclotrisiloxane was investigated. The techniques of thermogravimetry, thermomechanical analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used. The initial decomposition temperature for all the copolymers except styrene-siloxane block copolymers was less than that for polystyrene irrespective of the nature of the silicon comonomer. Integral procedural decomposition temperature of copolymers was higher than that for polystyrene except styrene-2-methacryloyloxy propoxytrimethyl silane copolymers which were showing lower (IPDT) values. Styrene-siloxane copolymers were found to be most thermally stable. Variation in the glass transition temperature and probe displacement under stress is related to the polarity of the silicon moiety in the styrene copolymers.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070301107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of discoloration in acrylic polymers (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 39 (1990), S. 1821-1826 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070390819
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fiber-fiber coefficient of friction: Effects of modulus and tan δ (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 173-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The technologically important studies on rubber friction and wear give strong support to rubber friction being a viscoelastic phenomenon. However, the basic concepts and conclusions derived from such studies appear to have general validity. Fiber-to-fiber friction studies are carried out on a number of polymeric flaments with a view to establishing the relationships between fundamental mechanical properties such as modulus, tan δ, and the coefficient of friction. The relationship between these three quantities is expressed by an equation. The results show that with these fibers adhesive contribution to friction is negligible and that temperature and humidity variations in end uses have a much more important effect in frictional properties than changes in draw ratio, heat setting, and so on.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230116
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting onto wool. XX. Graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers by use of redox initiators. Comparison of monomer reactivities (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1321-1326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Methyl methacrylate (MMA) and ethylacrylate (EA) have been graft copolymerized onto Himachali wool in aqueous medium by using a ferrous ammonium sulfate-hydrogen peroxide (FAS—H2O2) system as redox initiator. Percentage of grafting has been determined as functions of concentration of monomer, molar ratio of [FAS]/[H2O2], time and temperature. Percentage of grafting is found to depend upon the molar ratio of [FAS]/[H2O2]. An attempt has been made to compare the reactivities of the acceptor monomer (MMA and EA) with that of the donor monomer (VAc) toward grafting onto wool.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270421
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of comonomers on thermal degradation of polyacrylonitrile (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 38 (1989), S. 265-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermal degradation of polyacrylonitrile and copolymers of acrylonitrile (AN) with each of vinylacetate (VAC), methallyl sulfonate sodium salt (MASS), and 2-acrylamido 2-methyl propane sulfonate sodium salt (2-AMPSS) i.e., P(AN-VAC), P(AN-MASS), P(AN-AMPSS), and P(AN-VAC-MASS), has been investigated using the technique of thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The initial decomposition temperature (IDT) and integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT) for all the copolymers are less than that for polyacrylonitrile irrespective of the nature of the vinyl comonomers. TGA thermograms indicate faster rate of degradation in copolymers compared to polyacrylonitrile. Variation in the glass transition temperature is correlated to the polarity of the functional groups in the polyacrylonitrile copolymers.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070380207
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