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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-01-06
    Description: Eukaryotic ribosomes are substantially larger and more complex than their bacterial counterparts. Although their core function is conserved, bacterial and eukaryotic protein synthesis differ considerably at the level of initiation. The eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S) plays a central role in this process; it binds initiation factors that facilitate scanning of messenger RNAs and initiation of protein synthesis. We have determined the crystal structure of the Tetrahymena thermophila 40S ribosomal subunit in complex with eukaryotic initiation factor 1 (eIF1) at a resolution of 3.9 angstroms. The structure reveals the fold of the entire 18S ribosomal RNA and of all ribosomal proteins of the 40S subunit, and defines the interactions with eIF1. It provides insights into the eukaryotic-specific aspects of protein synthesis, including the function of eIF1 as well as signaling and regulation mediated by the ribosomal proteins RACK1 and rpS6e.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rabl, Julius -- Leibundgut, Marc -- Ataide, Sandro F -- Haag, Andrea -- Ban, Nenad -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 11;331(6018):730-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1198308. Epub 2010 Dec 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Schafmattstrasse 20, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21205638" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-1/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry ; RNA, Protozoan/chemistry ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/*chemistry ; Ribosomal Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosome Subunits, Small, Eukaryotic/*chemistry/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Signal Transduction ; Tetrahymena thermophila/*chemistry/*ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2006-03-04
    Description: All steps of fatty acid synthesis in fungi are catalyzed by the fatty acid synthase, which forms a 2.6-megadalton alpha6beta6 complex. We have determined the molecular architecture of this multienzyme by fitting the structures of homologous enzymes that catalyze the individual steps of the reaction pathway into a 5 angstrom x-ray crystallographic electron density map. The huge assembly contains two separated reaction chambers, each equipped with three sets of active sites separated by distances up to approximately 130 angstroms, across which acyl carrier protein shuttles substrates during the reaction cycle. Regions of the electron density arising from well-defined structural features outside the catalytic domains separate the two reaction chambers and serve as a matrix in which domains carrying the various active sites are embedded. The structure rationalizes the compartmentalization of fatty acid synthesis, and the spatial arrangement of the active sites has specific implications for our understanding of the reaction cycle mechanism and of the architecture of multienzymes in general.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jenni, Simon -- Leibundgut, Marc -- Maier, Timm -- Ban, Nenad -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1263-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16513976" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyl Carrier Protein/chemistry/metabolism ; Ascomycota/*enzymology ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Fatty Acid Synthases/*chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Fatty Acids/biosynthesis ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2006-05-06
    Description: Riboswitches are untranslated regions of messenger RNA, which adopt alternate structures depending on the binding of specific metabolites. Such conformational switching regulates the expression of proteins involved in the biosynthesis of riboswitch substrates. Here, we present the 2.9 angstrom-resolution crystal structure of the eukaryotic Arabidopsis thaliana thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-specific riboswitch in complex with its natural ligand. The riboswitch specifically recognizes the TPP via conserved residues located within two highly distorted parallel "sensor" helices. The structure provides the basis for understanding the reorganization of the riboswitch fold upon TPP binding and explains the mechanism of resistance to the antibiotic pyrithiamine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thore, Stephane -- Leibundgut, Marc -- Ban, Nenad -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1208-11. Epub 2006 May 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland. ban@mol.biol.ethz.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16675665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis/*chemistry/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Drug Resistance ; Genes, Plant ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ligands ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Pyrithiamine/pharmacology ; Thiamine Pyrophosphate/chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description: Protein synthesis in all organisms is catalyzed by ribosomes. In comparison to their prokaryotic counterparts, eukaryotic ribosomes are considerably larger and are subject to more complex regulation. The large ribosomal subunit (60S) catalyzes peptide bond formation and contains the nascent polypeptide exit tunnel. We present the structure of the 60S ribosomal subunit from Tetrahymena thermophila in complex with eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (eIF6), cocrystallized with the antibiotic cycloheximide (a eukaryotic-specific inhibitor of protein synthesis), at a resolution of 3.5 angstroms. The structure illustrates the complex functional architecture of the eukaryotic 60S subunit, which comprises an intricate network of interactions between eukaryotic-specific ribosomal protein features and RNA expansion segments. It reveals the roles of eukaryotic ribosomal protein elements in the stabilization of the active site and the extent of eukaryotic-specific differences in other functional regions of the subunit. Furthermore, it elucidates the molecular basis of the interaction with eIF6 and provides a structural framework for further studies of ribosome-associated diseases and the role of the 60S subunit in the initiation of protein synthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klinge, Sebastian -- Voigts-Hoffmann, Felix -- Leibundgut, Marc -- Arpagaus, Sofia -- Ban, Nenad -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 18;334(6058):941-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1211204. Epub 2011 Nov 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22052974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cycloheximide/metabolism ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Protozoan/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosome Subunits, Large, Eukaryotic/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Tetrahymena thermophila/*chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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