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  • 1
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Chemistry ; Chemistry, Organic ; Human physiology ; Plant physiology
    ISBN: 9783764374990
    Language: English
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Astaxanthin (1; 3,3′-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4′-dione) isolated from lobster eggs (Homarus gammarus) was unexpectedly found to be a mixture of all three optical isomers as determined by HPLC. analysis of the corresponding diesters of (-)-camphanic acid. This is the first finding of meso-astaxanthin and a meso-carotenoid in general in nature.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 61 (1978), S. 2881-2887 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The CD. correlation of (3 S, 3′S)-and (3 R, 3′R)-actinioerythrol diacetate, obtained by total synthesis from β-ionone, with actinioerythrin isolated from the sea anemone Actinia equina L. shows that the natural compound has the (3 S, 3′S)-configuration.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The carotenoid composition of the carotenoprotein asteriarubin ex the starfish Asterias rubens, determined by HPLC, comprised canthaxanthin (6, 3% of total), all-trans-astaxanthin (1, 14%), all-trans-7,8-didehydroastaxanthin (2, 24%), all-trans-7,8,7′,8′-tetradehydroastaxanthin (3, 43%) and 4-oxomytiloxanthin (7, 10%). The previously unknown 4-oxomytiloxanthin was tentatively identified by the UV./VIS., 'H-NMR. spectra and MS. data.The optical purity was determined by HPLC. of the di-(-)-camphanates, by comparison with those of synthetic standards: 7,8,7′, 8′-tetradehydroastaxanthin (92% (3S, 3′S), 2% meso), 7,8-didehydroastaxanthin (89% (3S,3′S), 2% meso?), and astaxanthin (78% (3S,3′S), 14% (3R,3′S), and 5% (3R,3′R)). It is concluded that the acetylenic derivatives of astaxanthin in contrast to astaxanthin from marine animal sources are essentially pure (3S, 3′S)-isomers. This might reflect their probable metabolic formation by 4-oxo modification of acetylenic (3R,3′R)-carotenols ex Mytilus edulis in their diet.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 58 (1975), S. 89-95 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conversion of the allenic end group 1 on HCl/CHCl3 treatment to the acetylenic 2 resp. to the chlorinated end group 3 previously reported has been confirmed using neoxanthin (4a) and its diacetate (4b). Analogous HBr treatment provided the corresponding brominated end group. Chemical and spectroscopical evidence for the position of the halogen atom at C(7) is given.Transformation to allenic anhydro products and acetylenic products on treatment of neoxanthin diacetate (4b) with phosphorous oxychloride in pyridine, as well as dehydration and chlorine substitution of neoxanthin (4a) are reported. These results are consistent with previous observations on related carotenoids.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By chemical degradation and application of the modified Horeau method the xanthophylls of Trentepohlia iolithus, namely 1a, 2a and 3a, have been shown to possess the (2 R, 6′ R)-, (2R)-, and (2R, 2′ R)-configurations respectively.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Überprüfung einiger Originalpräparate von Taraxanthin.Das von R. Kuhn & E. Lederer 1931 entdeckte und seither in zahlreichen höheren Pflanzen nachgewiesene Taraxanthin wird anhand von Originalpräparaten aus Impatiens nolitangere L., Ranunculus acer L. sowie durch erneute Isolierung aus Taraxacum officinale L. mit modernen Methoden untersucht. Taraxanthin erweist sich als Gemisch von Xanthophyll-epoxid (= Lutein-epoxid; 2) oder dessen Umlagerungsprodukten und O4-Carotinoiden bekannter Struktur. Das aus Taraxacum erhaltene Präparat setzt sich aus 2 (73%), Flavoxanthin (4, 13%) und Chrysanthemaxanthin (4 (C(8)-Epimer), 14%) zusammen. Nicht identifizierte Carotinoide in den untersuchten Präparaten betragen weniger als 3,5%. Ein in kleiner Menge in R. acer nachgewiesenes Carotinoid ist wahrscheinlich 5,6-Dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrolutein (6).Der Name Taraxanthin als Bezeichnung für ein einheitliches Carotinoid soll aufgegeben werden.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 28 (1990), S. 519-528 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Allenic ; carotenoids ; Fucoxanthin ; Geometrical ; isomers ; TOCSY ; ROESY ; 1H-detected ; 1H ; 13C ; 2D COSY ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The allenic carotenoid all-trans-(3S,5R,6S,3′S,5′R,6′R)-19′-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, isolated from the marine chrysophyte Pelagococcus subviridis, and its 9′-cis isomer, obtained in 45% yield on iodine-catalysed stereomutation, were submitted to a detailed 1H and 13C NMR analysis. For comparison, all-trans-fucoxanthin [(3S,5R,6S3′S,5′R,6′R)-5,6-epoxy-3,3′,5′-trihydroxy-6′,7′-didehydro-5,6,7,8,5′,6′-hexahydro-β,β-caroten-8 -one-3′-acetate] was included in the study. The complete assignments of the 400 MHz 1H NMR spectra and of the 100.6 MHz 13C NMR spectra, including the stereochemistry, were possible by application of two-dimensional 1H,1H chemical shift correlated spectroscopy (2D COSY), 1D and 2D total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY, HOHAHA), rotating-frame nuclear Overhauser spectroscopy (ROESY, CAMELSPIN) and 1H-detected one-bond (with and without 13C decoupling) and multiple-bond 1H, 13C-correlated 2D spectroscopy. The 9′-trans to 9′-cis stereomutation was unequivocally proved for 19′-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, mainly by 1D and 2D ROESY experiments; this is in contrast to a previously claimed 6′R → 6′S stereomutation in related allenic carotenoids.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Carotenoid ; All-trans-peridinin ; Conformation ; Relative configuration ; 2D COSY ROESY TOCSY ; 1H-detected ; 13C J-couplings NOE ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The allenic C37 skeletal carotenoid all-trans-(3S, 5R, 6R, 3′S, 5′R, 6′S)-peridinin, isolated from Amphidinium carterae by an improved isolation procedure, was subjected to a detailed 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis. Complete assignments of the 500.13 MHz 1H and 125.76 MHz 13C spectra, including determination of coupling constants and relative stereochemistry, were obtained by ID and 2D techniques. These included 1H—1H chemical shift correlated spectroscopy (2D COSY), phase-sensitive double-quantum COSY, difference 1D NOE experiments, 1D and 2D total correlation spectroscopy (HOHAHA, TOCSY) and 1D and 2D rotating frame nuclear Overhauser spectroscopy (ROESY, CAMELSPIN). The 13C NMR assignments were obtained through editing sequences (DEPT) and heterocorrelated 2D experiments. In particular, the 1H detected multiple bond 1H—13C correlated 2D experiment proved valuable for assignments of all 13 quatenary carbons together with 13 methine carbons in peridinin [C37H47O6(COCH3)]. Detailed analysis of the proton coupling constants supported the conformations and relative stereochemistry of the two end-groups. Spectral simulation of protons in the conjugated chain was necessary in order to ascertain more accurate chemical shifts for some protons in the strongly overlapping olefinic region. Variation in the trans double bond 3J(H, H) coupling was noted along the conjugated chain.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Pyrrhoxanthin ; 1H,1H 2D COSY ; 1H,13C 2D COSY ; ROESY ; T-ROESY TOCSY ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: All-trans-(9′Z,11′Z)-(3R,3′S,5′R,6′R)-Pyrrhoxanthin was isolated from a natural bloom of dinoflagellates (mainly Ceratium spp.) and submitted to detailed 1H NMR and 13C NMR analysis, including homonuclear COSY (2D), ROESY (1D and 2D), TOCSY (1D) and 1H-detected one-bond and multiple-bond 1H, 13C COSY. All chemical shifts and coupling constants in the 1H NMR spectrum and all carbons in the 13C NMR spectrum were assigned. The result is consistent with the structure, previously deduced, including relative configuration. A recently proposed variant of the ROESY pulse sequence, called T-ROESY, claimed to suppress undesired TOCSY transfer, provided excellent results free of TOCSY artifacts caused by coherent magnetization transfer via J coupling pathways independent of the choice of the position of the carrier frequency.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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