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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    International Study on Artemia LVIII. Morphologic differentiation and reproductive isolation of Artemia populations from South America (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 7 (1998), S. 133-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: Artemia ; morphological differentiation ; reproductive isolation ; South America
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Six Artemia populations from coastal and inland sites in Chile, ranging from 20 to 50 degrees latitude south, were compared morphologically. The study included reference samples of A. franciscana (San Francisco Bay, California-USA) and A. persimilis (Buenos Aires, Argentina). These species are likely to be found in Chile. Samples from Peru (Piura) and Brazil (Macau, Rio Grande do Norte) are two known examples of deliberate introduction of A. franciscana. The hypothesis of A. franciscana being the dominant species in South America was tested by multivariate morphological analysis based on ten body measurements. In addition, laboratory cross-fertility tests were performed in order to evaluate levels of reproductive isolation among these widely distributed populations. The analysis showed that A. franciscana and A. persimilis are morphologically divergent. A number of populations overlap with the San Francisco Bay sample, two are morphologically close to Buenos Aires, whilst others lie morphologically in between. Interpopulation morphological differences along with geographical and, probably, ecological divergence do not reflect reproductive isolation, at least of the pre-mating type. The morphological similarity of two Chilean samples with A. persimilis suggests that the distribution of A. persimilis should be further investigated. A multi-trait approach for Artemia characterization is stressed as a way to obtain better descriptions and interpretations of the biological diversity in the genus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009057306033
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    International study onArtemia LVIII. Morphologic differentiation and reproductive isolation ofArtemia populations from South America (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 7 (1998), S. 133-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: Artemia ; morphological differentiation ; reproductive isolation ; South America
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract SixArtemia populations from coastal and inland sites in Chile, ranging from 20 to 50 degrees latitude south, were compared morphologically. The study included reference samples ofA. franciscana (San Francisco Bay, California-USA) andA. persimilis (Buenos Aires, Argentina). These species are likely to be found in Chile. Samples from Peru (Piura) and Brazil (Macau, Rio Grande do Norte) are two known examples of deliberate introduction ofA. franciscana. The hypothesis ofA. franciscana being the dominant species in South America was tested by multivariate morphological analysis based on ten body measurements. In addition, laboratory cross-fertility tests were performed in order to evaluate levels of reproductive isolation among these widely distributed populations. The analysis showed thatA. franciscana andA. persimilis are morphologically divergent. A number of populations overlap with the San Francisco Bay sample, two are morphologically close to Buenos Aires, whilst others lie morphologically in between. Interpopulation morphological differences along with geographical and, probably, ecological divergence do not reflect reproductive isolation, at least of the pre-mating type. The morphological similarity of two Chilean samples withA. persimilis suggests that the distribution ofA. persimilis should be further investigated. A multi-trait approach forArtemia characterization is stressed as a way to obtain better descriptions and interpretations of the biological diversity in the genus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441883
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variability and interpopulational differentiation of Artemia strains from South America (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 302 (1995), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Artemia ; electrophoresis ; genetic variability ; interpopulational differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seven Artemia samples from three South American countries (Chile, Brazil, Peru) were studied by starch electrophoresis with the aim of comparing levels of genetic variation and genetic similarity to representative populations of A. franciscana (San Francisco Bay, California, USA) and A. persimilis (Buenos Aires, Argentina), which are species endemic to the New World. Based on the analysis of 22 loci, parameters measuring genetic variability were, for some populations, found to be among the highest reported for Artemia so far. The percentage of polymorphic loci varied from 31.8% (Piura, Peru; Buenos Aires) to 50% (Los Vilos and Salar de Atacama, Chile), while the observed heterozygosity varied from 0.025 (Piura) to 0.165 (Los Vilos, Chile). A dendrogram based on Nei's genetic distance (D) produced four major groups. The Argentinian form, A. persimilis; the San Francisco Bay strain together with samples from Brazil (Macau and Rio Grande do Norte) and Chile (Pichilemu and Salar de Atacama); two coastal populations from Chile (Los Vilos and Iquique) and the sample from Peru (Piura). These four groups have inter-group D values that are, in some cases, far above those normally associated with conspecific populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006396
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophoretic evidence suggests that the Artemia found in the Salar de Atacama, Chile, is A. franciscana Kellogg (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 257 (1993), S. 65-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Artemia ; bisexual ; conspecific population ; electrophoresis ; genetic variability ; genetic distances
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The electrophoretic characterization of an Artemia population from a saline lake of the Chilean Andes with unusual ecological features (Salar de Atacama, 23° 30′ S; 68° 10′ W) was carried out with the aim of comparing its genetic variation with, and genetic similarity to, representative populations of A. persimilis (Buenos Aires, Argentina) and A. franciscana (San Francisco Bay, USA). Based on the analysis of 22 loci it is concluded that the Chilean population and that from San Francisco are conspecific (D = 0.144), while the Chilean strain and A. persimilis are congeneric species (D = 1.171), differing in more than 40% of the loci. Parameters measuring genetic variation (e.g., percentage of loci polymorphic, mean number of alleles per locus, mean heterozygosity per locus) demonstrate that values for the Chilean Artemia (50.0, 1.68, 0.126, respectively) are within the range for bisexual Artemia in general and A. franciscana in particular.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00005947
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