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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microtubule assembly and oscillations induced by flash photolysis of caged-GTP (1990)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 19 (1990), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Assembly ; Caged-GTP ; Microtubules ; Oscillation ; Synchrotron radiation ; Tubulin ; X-ray scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Microtubule assembly and oscillations have been induced using the rapid liberation of GTP by UV flash photolysis of caged-GTP and monitored by time-resolved X-ray scattering. The flash photolysis method of achieving assembly conditions is much faster than the temperature jump method used earlier (msec vs. s range). However, the structural transitions and their rates are similar to those described previously. This means that the rates of the transitions in microtubule assembly observed before are determined by the protein itself, and not by the rate at which assembly conditions are induced. The advantages and limitations of using the photolysis of caged-GTP in microtubule assembly studies are compared with temperature jump methods. Caged-GTP itself reduces the rate of microtubule assembly and oscillations at mM concentrations, consistent with a weak interaction between the nucleotide analogue and the protein. X-rays are capable of slowly liberating GTP and other breakdown products from caged-GTP, even in the absence of UV flash photolysis, thus causing an apparent “X-ray-induced” microtubule assembly. This effect depends on the X-ray dose but is independent of the caged-GTP concentrations used here (mM range), suggesting that the breakdown of caged-GTP is caused not by the direct absorption of X-rays by the compound but by another intermediate reaction such as the generation of radicals by the X-rays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223567
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformations of kinesin: solution vs. crystal structures and interactions with microtubules (1998)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 27 (1998), S. 455-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Key words Microtubules ; Motor proteins ; Kinesin ; X-ray crystallography ; Small angle X-ray scattering ; Cell motility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Recently, the molecular structures of monomeric and dimeric kinesin constructs in complex with ADP have been determined by X-ray crystallography (Kull et al. 1996; Kozielski et al. 1997 a; Sack et al. 1997). The “motor” or “head” domains have almost identical conformations in the known crystal structures, yet the kinesin dimer is asymmetric: the orientation of the two heads relative to the coiled-coil formed by their neck regions is different. We used small angle solution scattering of kinesin constructs and microtubules decorated with kinesin in order to find out whether these crystal structures are of relevance for kinesin's structure under natural conditions and for its interaction with microtubules. Our preliminary results indicate that the crystal structures of monomeric and dimeric kinesin are similar to their structures in solution, though in solution the center-of-mass distance between the motor domains of the dimer could be slightly greater. The crystal structure of dimeric kinesin can be interpreted as representing two equivalent conformations. Transitions between these or very similar conformational states may occur in solution. Binding of kinesin to microtubules has conformational effects on both, the kinesin and the microtubule. Solution scattering of kinesin decorated microtubules reveals a peak in intensity that is characteristic for the B-surface lattice and that can be used to monitor the axial repeat of the microtubules under various conditions. In decoration experiments, dimeric kinesin dissociates, at least partly, leading to a stoichiometry of 1:1 (one kinesin head per tubulin dimer; Thormählen et al. 1998 a) in contrast to the stoichiometry of 2:1 reported for dimeric ncd. This discrepancy is possibly due to the effect of steric hindrance between kinesin dimers on adjacent binding sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002490050156
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model of microtubule oscillations (1994)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 22 (1994), S. 405-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Dynamic instability ; Cap model ; Cooperativity ; Synchronization ; Small angle X-ray scattering ; Cytoskeleton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Simulations of microtubule oscillations have been obtained by a kinetic model including nucleation of microtubules, elongation by addition of GTP-loaded tubulin dimers, disassembly into oligomers, and dissolution of oligomers followed by nucleotide exchange at the free dimers. Dynamic instability is described by the on and off rates for dimer association in the growth phase, the rate of rapid shortening, and the transition rates for catastrophe and rescue. The latter are assumed to be completely determined by the current state of the system (“short cap hypothesis”). Microtubule oscillations and normal polymerizations measured by time-resolved X-ray scattering were used to test the model. The model is able to produce oscillations without further assumptions. However, in order to obtain good fits to the experimental data one requires an additional mechanism which prevents rapid desynchronization of the microtubules. One of several possible mechanisms that will be discussed is the destabilization of microtubules by the products of disassembly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180162
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalytic deamination of asparagine (1970)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 35-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird die katalytische Deaminierung des Asparagins mittels Cu++ bei 80°–100°C beschrieben. In diesem Temperaturbereich findet die Reaktion auch in Lösungen statt, während die Katalyse im Trockenrückstand bedeutend stärker ist. Die optimale Konzentration des Cu++ (bezogen auf das Asparagin) ist 1∶4M. Unter den günstigsten Bedingungen werden 20% des Asparagins zu Asparaginsäure deaminiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01900375
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C NMR studies of the fluxes in the central metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum during growth and overproduction of amino acids in batch cultures (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 489-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The carbon flux distribution in the central metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum was studied in batch cultures using [1-13C]- and [6-13C]glucose as substrate during exponential growth as well as during overproduction of L-lysine and L-glutamate. Using the 13C NMR data in conjunction with stoichiometric metabolite balances, molar fluxes were quantified and normalised to the glucose uptake rate, which was set to 100. The normalised molar flux via the hexose monophosphate pathway was 40 during exponential growth, whereas it was only 17 during L-glutamate production. During L-lysine production, the normalised hexose monophosphate pathway flux was elevated to 47. Thus, the carbon flux via this pathway correlated with the NADPH demand for bacterial growth and L-lysine overproduction. The normalised molar flux in the tricarboxylic acid cycle at the level of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase was 100 during exponential growth and 103 during L-lysine secretion. During L-glutamate formation, the normalised flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle was reduced to 60. In contrast to earlier NMR studies with C. glutamicum, no significant activity of the glyoxylate pathway could be detected. All experiments indicated a strong in vivo flux from oxaloacetate back to phosphoenolpyruvate and/or pyruvate, which might be due to phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in C. glutamicum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050587
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C NMR studies of the fluxes in the central metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum during growth and overproduction of amino acids in batch cultures (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 489-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The carbon flux distribution in the central metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum was studied in batch cultures using [1-13C]- and [6-13C]glucose as substrate during exponential growth as well as during overproduction of l-lysine and l-glutamate. Using the 13C NMR data in conjunction with stoichiometric metabolite balances, molar fluxes were quantified and normalised to the glucose uptake rate, which was set to 100. The normalised molar flux via the hexose monophosphate pathway was 40 during exponential growth, whereas it was only 17 during l-glutamate production. During l-lysine production, the normalised hexose monophosphate pathway flux was elevated to 47. Thus, the carbon flux via this pathway correlated with the NADPH demand for bacterial growth and l-lysine overproduction. The normalised molar flux in the tricarboxylic acid cycle at the level of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase was 100 during exponential growth and 103 during l-lysine secretion. During l-glutamate formation, the normalised flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle was reduced to 60. In contrast to earlier NMR studies with C. glutamicum, no significant activity of the glyoxylate pathway could be detected. All experiments indicated a strong in vivo flux from oxaloacetate back to phosphoenolpyruvate and/or pyruvate, which might be due to phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in C. glutamicum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169949
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic proteins in serratia marcescens (1966)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 53 (1966), S. 553-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00602962
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Verlauf des Fluorescenzanstieges lebender Blätter (1936)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 24 (1936), S. 317-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01474895
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cationic proteins in liver mitochondria (1965)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 52 (1965), S. 40-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00631453
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastic properties of the premelting phases of the perfluoroalkanes C16F34 and C20F42 (1989)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 75 (1989), S. 101-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The elastic properties of the solid state of linear oligomers are closely related to their special intra-and inter-molecular interactions. This is proved for the perfluoroalkanes C16F34 and C20F42. The elastic tensors of both materials have been measured with Brillouin spectroscopy as a function of temperature. Both systmes show an extremely weak shear stiffnessc 44, indicating the existence of a smectic-B like structure and an unexpected strong elastic anisotropy inversion in the premelting phase. Moreover a Curie-Weiss-law behavior was found for the stiffness constantc 33 indicating the existence of a soft longitudinal acoustic phonon mode. The transition temperatureT c is for C20F42 below the melting point. The elastic properties are purely static. The observations are tentatively attributed to an intermolecular premelting process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313572
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