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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 120 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss is widely grown as an oilseed crop in the Indian subcontinent. White rust disease caused by Albugo candida (Pers.) Kuntze is a serious disease of this crop causing considerable yield loss every year. The present study was undertaken to identify molecular markers for the locus controlling white rust resistance in a mustard accession, BEC-144, using a set of 94 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). The screening of individual RILs using an isolate highly virulent on the popular Indian cultivar ‘Varuna’ revealed the presence of a major locus for rust resistance in BEC-144. Based on screening of 186 decamer primers employing bulked segregant analysis (BSA), 11 random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were identified, which distinguished the parental lines and the bulks. Five of these markers showed linkage with the rust resistance locus. Two markers, OPN0l000 and OPB061000, were linked in coupling and repulsion phases at 9.9 cM and 5.5 cM, respectively, on either side of the locus. The presence of only two double recombinants in a population of 94 RILs suggested that the simultaneous use of both markers would ensure efficient transfer of the target gene in mustard breeding programmes.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 45 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The extent of hydrogen production by cooked black gram (Phaseolus mungo L.) seeds and cotyledons, germinated black gram seeds (24 hr), and a black gram and rice (Oryza sativa L.) fermented steamed product (Idli) was investigated with rat bioassay method. Whole black gram seeds had 3.4% verbascose, 0.9% stachyose, traces of raffinose, and 1.5% sucrose, while black gram cotyledons contained 4.0% verbascose, 0.7% stachyose, traces of raftinose, and 1.5% sucrose on dry weight basis. Maximum hydrogen production was obtained with 60% cooked black gram cotyledons in the diet. Germinated black gram seeds and fermented steamed product significantly produced lower flatus than the cooked black gram products. A positive significant correlation (r = 0.90) was found between oligosaccharides of the raffinose family of sugars of black gram and hydrogen production by rats.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 588 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 43 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Biochemical, histological and fluorescent microscopy studies were conducted on susceptible and resistant maize leaves infected with Helminthosporium maydis. Histochemical observations revealed the presence of proteins, lipids, lignins and phenolics; tannins, however, were absent. Biochemical examination showed high levels of protein and phenolic compounds in the resistant variety compared with the susceptible host. The levels of lipids were, however, lower in the resistant host, and decreased with time of incubation of the host–pathogen complex. Aniline blue gave a high fluorescence intensity for the host at the germ tube and infection site for the resistant variety compared with the susceptible variety, indicating a greater quantity of callose in the infected tissue. The rate of increase in carbohydrates in the infected susceptible host was less than in the infected resistant host. This suggests that the infection is restricted from progressing further in the resistant variety. Higher levels of proteins, lignins, phenolics and callose synthesized in the resistant variety may play a role in inhibiting the infection.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 116 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Spot blotch of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc. in Sorok.) Shoem., is a major disease in South Asia. Popular commercial cultivars have low levels of resistance to spot blotch. Information on the inheritance of spot blotch resistance in wheat is lacking. Field studies were conducted in four wheat crosses, each involving a Chinese hexaploid parent with high levels of resistance and a commercial cultivar with low to intermediate levels of resistance to spot blotch. Data were recorded in the F2, F3 and F4 generations to estimate heritability. Field studies were conducted in three years (1992–94) at Rampur. Nepal, involving 150 lines in each cross. The spot blotch score was recorded as the percentage necrosis and associated chlorosis of the two upper most leaf surface. In the F2 generation three spot blotch readings on the flag leaf were taken whereas in the F3 and F4 generations four readings were recorded at 5-day intervals on the flag and the penultimate leaves. The highest disease score (HDS) and the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) were analysed. Heritability (h2) estimates for spot blotch resistance were intermediate to high measured in terms of HDS (0.47 〈 h2 〈 0.67) and also AUDPC (0.58 〈 h2 〈 0.77) both in F3 and F4 generations in each of the four crosses. Heritability values were somewhat higher for AUDPC than HDS. There were significant negative correlations (r) of days to heading with HDS (-0.186 〈 r 〈 -0.515) and AUDPC (-0.218 〈 r 〈 -0.623). One-hundred kernel weight was significantly negatively correlated to AUDPC (-0.245 〈 r 〈 -0.454) in all crosses in each generation. The results suggest that selection for resistance to spot blotch could be effective in the segregating populations generated from hexaploid wheat parents having different levels of resistance. Although AUDPC appeared to be a better measure to determine genetic differences for spot blotch in wheat, HDS would be adequate in screening trials for resistance to spot blotch.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Helminthosporium leaf blight (HLB) is the most important disease constraint to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation in the eastern Gangetic Plains of South Asia. A Helminthosporium Monitoring Nursery (HMN) including potential adapted and exotic sources of HLB resistance was developed in Bangladesh, India and Nepal to assess the stability of genetic resistance across locations. The 8th, 9th and 10th HMN assessed the HLB resistance and agronomic traits of 17 wheat genotypes across 20 environments of Bangladesh, India and Nepal in the 1999-2000, 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 cropping seasons, respectively. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for HLB, grain yield, thousand-kernel weight (TKW), days to heading, days to maturity, and plant height were examined. The 17 genotypes showed a range of variability for disease and agronomic characters. Disease severity (AUDPC) differed in the 3 years and showed the highest values in 2002. The increase in AUDPC in 2002 caused the lowest grain yield, with an average 18% reduction due to HLB. A few genotypes (SW 89-5422, Yangmai-6 and Ning 8201) appeared to have stable HLB resistance across environments. However, most of the higher-yielding genotypes, except BL 1883, were unstable. The results suggest that careful selection of HLB resistance with acceptable grain yield, TKW and plant height may be possible using the wheat genotypes included in the HMN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 4 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In separate experiments, growing and/or finishing swine were fed a control diet and diets supplemented with various low levels of lead and cadmium, for periods up to 24 weeks. The levels of lead in different treatment groups were 2 (control), 6 and 21 parts per million (ppm), whereas those for cadmium were 0.2 (control), 2.4 and 10.1 ppm, respectively. Lead did not accumulate in skeletal muscles, but a dose-related increase was observed in bone, liver and kidney. In the case of cadmium, no increase was seen in skeletal muscles, bone or brain; the accumulation occurred primarily in kidney and liver. After cessation of lead supplementation the concentration of this metal declined in liver and kidney tissues. On the other hand, cadmium levels did not show any appreciable decline in kidney or liver during 12 weeks after an initial 12 weeks treatment. Lead and cadmium did not accumulate in edible muscles of swine, but the high concentrations of these metals that were recorded in liver and kidney would render these organs unfit for food purposes.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Diets containing dehydrated cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) were fed to weanling male C57 BL/6 mice for nine months. Diets known to be adequate in all nutrients for mice were modified to include ground dehydrated cabbage leaves to 0, 10, 20, and 40% of their diet while holding protein, crude fiber, and lipid at constant levels. The animals were subcutaneously injected with 20 mg of 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) per kg body weight at weekly intervals for 36 weeks. The DMH carcino-genicity varied with the proportion of cabbage in the diet and the tissue. Diets containing 10 and 20% cabbage enhanced DMH tumorigenicity while cabbage at 40% provided a protective effect. Tumors on the spermatic cord were the most predominant with occasional occurrence of kidney and liver tumors. Tumorigenicity is discussed in terms of two hepatic enzymes, cytochrome p-450 and p-nitroanisole-o-demethylase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 2 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Effects of various doses of α-chaconine were examined in the central nervous system by electrophysiological tests and by determining levels of several neurotransmitters. Assays of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and the serotonin metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, failed to show significant trends following intraperitoneal injections of up to 20 mg/kg α-chaconine. Symptoms observed at relatively low doses (8 or 10 mg/kg) included sedation, respiratory impairment, and constriction of abdominal muscles. At the same dosage the electroencephalogram pattern showed a significant increase in the proportion of low-frequency activity. Tachycardia was observed at both low (10 mg/kg) and high doses (40 mg/kg), whereas intermediate doses (20 or 30 mg/kg) were associated with bradycardia. Unchanged acetylcholine levels after α-chaconine administration did not correlate with previous reports of brain cholinesterase inhibition produced by α-chaconine.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 21 (1968), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of uracil and its analogue 5-nitrouracil on growth and flowering of tomato have been studied. A few drops (0.3 ml) of solutions containing 15, 30, 60, 90 and 150 μg of each prepared from a stock of 500 mg/I in glass redistilled water were applied per plant on 3–4 top leaves and the apex of one month old seedlings with 6–7 leaves. A second application double in volume of the same chemicals was made on the same plants a week later. The controls were given a distilled water treatment.Treatments with uracil and 5-nitrouracil significantly increased the plant height and the fresh and dry weights of the shoot. Higher concentrations (500 mg/I) had no promotive effect. Although there had been a significant promotion of the leaf and stem growth, the root growth and the nodes were unaffected.Flowering was significantly hastened by both bases. Treatments with uracil also resulted in the formation of more flowers. Uracil and 5-nitrouracil also caused significant increases in the total-N of the leaf and the stem, and the effect on protein metabolism seems to be localised where they act as RNA metabolites. The presence of the nitro-group in 5-nitrouracil does not act as an additional source of nitrogen for protein metabolism as it did not have more promotive effects than uracil.
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